阅读理解109-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选109 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约340词） ·核心知识点：广告/布告、公益活动（组织机构）、应用文 。考查重点：细节理解、信息筛选、语境逻辑 材料剖析 。文本类型：应用文（招募志愿者广告） 。结构分析：第一段：以提问引出成为国际联合国志愿者的机会，强调可贡献时间、技能和 知识，创造积极影响，助力和平与发展，改变他人生活。第二段：列举加入联合国志愿者 的原因，包括在全球社区促进和平发展、志愿者背景多元带来多样视角、工作产生持久影 响及能获得跨文化、人脉、语言和专业生活经验。第三段：明确成为国际联合国志愿者的 最低要求，涵盖年龄、学历、工作经验、语言能力、对志愿精神的承诺、跨文化工作能力、 适应困难环境及具备人际交往和组织能力等方面。第四段：说明国际联合国志愿者的服务 条件，涉及任务期限（一般612个月，可延长1-2年）、存在短期任务、享有津贴及津贴 目的是保障在工作地点的基本生活。 阅读理解短文 Volunteer abroad with the UN Are you ready to become an international UN Volunteer?You can contribute your time,skills and knowledge through volunteering with the UN.This is an opportunity to create a positive impact and be a significant force for achieving peace and development.Make a difference to the lives of many! Why volunteer with the UN International UN Volunteers promote peace and development in communities around the globe, while upholding the ideals and ambitions of the United Nations. International UN Volunteers come from 160 countries,representing many cultures and back- grounds.They bring a wide variety of viewpoints and approaches. Your international UN Volunteer assignment will make a lasting impact.It can create a ripple effect that extends far beyond the immediate results of your efforts. As an international UN Volunteer,you will learn about different cultures,expand your networks, study foreign languages and gain matchless professional and life experiences. Requirements The minimum requirements to serve as an international UN Volunteer are:25 years old and older (no upper age limit);university degree or higher technical diploma; 2 At least two years of relevant work experience in a professional background;good working knowledge of English,Spanish or French; Commitment to the values and principles of volunteerism:ability to work in a multicultural environment;willingness to work with people and local organizations; Ability to adjust in difficult living conditions and sometimes remote locations;strong interper- sonal and organizational skills. Conditions of Service International UN Volunteer assignments generally run for six to 12 months,with the possibility of extending for one to two years. Short-term assignments are also requested by our partners from time to time.International UN Volunteers are entitled to certain allowances. Allowances are in no way to be understood as a compensation,reward or salary in exchange for the volunteer work. The purpose of allowances for volunteers is to enable them to sustain a secure standard of living in their duty stations. 题目选项列表 21.As an international UN Volunteer,you can A.promote peace and development of UN B.affect UN immediately C.obtain professional experiences D.teach foreign languages 22.According to the passage,applicants are required to A.be at most 25 years old B.have international work experience C.hold a university degree in technology D.adapt to difficult living environment 23.What can help volunteers to maintain a secure standard of living? A.Assignments. B.Allowances. C.Commitment D.Knowledge. 3 核心词汇详解 1.ambition 核心词性 名词（，高频核心)：雄心；抱负（指强烈的成功欲望）；目标；夙愿（指 具体想要实现的志向) 例：a man with ambition(有抱负的人)、Her ambition is to become a doctor (她的志向是成为一名医生) 词性转换 形容词：ambitious（有雄心的；有野心的) 例：be ambitio2 us to do sth.（渴望做某事)、be ambitious for sth.（渴望得到 某物) 高频搭配 achieve one's ambition(实现某人的抱负)、have ambition(有雄心)、a lifelong ambition(终身夙愿)、political ambition(政治野心) 易混辨析 ambition vs aspiration:ambition侧重“个人通过努力追求的成功目标， 常含竞争意味”；aspiration侧重“高尚或宏大的理想、愿望，更强调精神层 面的追求” ambition vs goal:goal指“具体、可衡量的短期或长期目标”；ambition 更强调“驱动人努力的内在欲望和远大志向” 2.ripple 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：涟漪；波纹（指水面因物体投入等产生的波纹）；连 锁反应：影响（抽象含义，侧重微小事件引发的一系列影响） 例：ripples on the lake(湖面上的涟漪)、a ripple effect（连锁反应) 动词(v,中频核心)：（使）泛起涟漪；（使)产生连锁反应 例：The stone rippled the water..（石头在水面激起涟漪)、The news rippled through the crowd.(消息在人群中传开) 词性转换 形容词：rippling(起涟漪的；波动的) 例：rippling water(荡漾的水波)、rippling muscles（起伏的肌肉） 高频搭配 ripple effect(连锁反应，高频考点)、create/cause ripples(产生影响)、ripple of laughter/applause(一阵笑声/掌声) 动词：ripple out(向外扩散)、ripple across(传遍) 易混辨析 ripple vs wave:wave指“波浪；海浪”（规模较大、有规律的波动）；ripple 指“小波纹；涟漪”（规模小、由轻微扰动引起） ripple effect vs chain reaction:ripple effect侧重“影响逐渐扩散，像 涟漪一样由中心向外蔓延”；chain reaction侧重“一系列紧密相连、因果分 明的反应” 3.sustain 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：维持：保持（指维持某种状态或水平）：支撑；承受 (指物理上支撑重量或抽象上承受压力)；遭受；经历（指遭遇伤害、损失等） 例：sustain economic growth(维持经济增长)、The roof can't sustain the weight..（屋顶承受不住这个重量)、sustain injuries（受伤) 词性转换 名词：sustainability(可持续性；永续性) 例：environmental sustainability(环境可持续性)、sustainable development (可持续发展) 形容词：sustainable(可持续的；能维持的) 例：sustainable agriculture（可持续农业） 高频搭配 sustain life(维持生命)、sustain efforts(持续努力)、sustain losses(遭受损 失)、sustain a relationship(维持关系) 易混辨析 sustain vs maintain:maintain侧重“通过定期维护、管理使事物保持良 好状态”；sustain侧重“长时间支撑或保持，尤指在困难条件下” sustain vs support:support指“给予帮助、支持（人或想法）”；sustain 指“提供必要的条件使事物继续存在或发展” 4.diploma 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：文凭；毕业证书（指完成学业后获得的证书） 例：a high school diploma(高中文凭)、a college diploma（大学文凭) 词性转换 动词：diplomat(外交官) 例：a career diplomat(职业外交官) 名词：diplomacy(外交；外交手段) 例：international diplomacy(国际外交)、skillful diplomacy(巧妙的外交手 段) 形容词：diplomatic(外交的：圆滑的) 例：diplomatic relations（外交关系)、a diplomatic answer（圆滑的回答) 高频搭配 receive/get a diploma(获得文凭)、issue a diploma(颁发文凭)、a diploma in.…(某领域的文凭) 易混辨析 diploma vs degree:diploma指“中等或高等教育的毕业证书，或短期培 训的文凭”，侧重“完成课程的证明”；degree指“大学授予的学位”（如学 士、硕士、博士) diploma vs certificate:certificate指“完成某项培训、考试后获得的证 书”（如职业资格证书）；diploma比certificate更正式，通常与学历教育相 关 5 5.commitment 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：承诺；保证（指对某事的责任感或约定）；奉献；投 入（指时间、精力的付出）：义务：责任（指必须履行的职责） 例：make a commitment（做出承诺)、commitment to work(对工作的投 入）、family commitments（家庭义务) 词性转换 动词：commit(承诺；保证；犯（错误、罪行）；投入（时间、精力）) 例：commit to doing sth.（承诺做某事)、commit a crime(犯罪)、commit oneself to a task（全身心投入任务) 形容词：committed(坚定的；忠诚的) 例：be committed to sth./doing sth..(致力于…)、a committed teacher（敬 业的老师) 高频搭配 sense of commitment(责任感)、show commitment to(对…表现出投入)、 keep a commitment(遵守承诺)、lack of commitment(缺乏责任感) 易混辨析 commitment vs promise:promise指“口头或书面的保证，侧重‘答应 做某事'”；commitment更强调“长期的责任和投入，比promise更正式、更 具约束力” commitment vs devotion:devotion侧重“深厚的热爱和忠诚”；com- mitment侧重“基于责任感的投入和义务” 6.multicultural 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：多元文化的：多种文化融合的（指包含不同文化 背景的) 例：a multicultural society（多元文化社会)、multicultural education（多元 文化教育) 词性转换 名词：multiculturalism（多元文化主义) 例：promote multiculturalism（促进多元文化主义) 高频搭配 multicultural environment(多元文化环境)、multicultural awareness(多元 文化意识) 易混辨析 nulticultural vs intercultural:multicultural强调“多种文化共存”； intercultural强调“不同文化间的交流互动” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：21-23CDB 1.C (obtain professional experiences) 考点：细节理解题 语境：根据“Why volunteer with the UN”部分最后一句“gain matchless professional and life 6 experiences”,可知作为国际联合国志愿者能获得专业经验。 辨析：A.“promote peace and development of UN”(促进联合国的和平与发展)与原文“promote peace and development in communities around the globe”（在全球社区促进和平与发展)不 符：B.“affect UN immediately”(立即影响联合国)与“create a ripple effect that extends far beyond the immediate results”(产生远超即时结果的连锁反应)矛盾；D.“teach foreign languages”(教外语)原文未提及，原文是“study foreign languages'”(学习外语)。 2.D (adapt to difficult living environment) 考点：细节理解题 语境：根据“Requirements”部分“Ability to adjust in difficult living conditions”,可知申请者 需要能适应艰苦的生活环境。 辨析：A.“be at most25 years old”(最多25岁)与“25 years old and older(no upper age limit)”(25岁及以上，无上限)相反；B.“have international work experience”(有国际工作 经验)原文未要求，仅需“two years of relevant work experience”(两年相关工作经验)；C. “hold a university degree in technology”(拥有技术大学学位)与“university degree or higher technical diploma”（大学学位或更高技术文凭)不符，并非限定“technology”专业。 3.B (Allowances) 考点：细节理解题 语境：根据“Conditions of Service”部分“The purpose of allowances for volunteers is to enable them to sustain a secure standard of living in their duty stations”,可知津贴帮助志愿者维持稳 定生活水平。 辨析：A.“Assignments”(任务)是工作内容；C.“Commitment”(承诺)是申请要求；D “Knowledge”(知识)是志愿者自身能力，均与维持生活水平无关。