阅读理解108-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读表达108 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读表达（约380词) 。核心知识点：情感、科普知识 ·考查重点：细节信息查找、信息理解与归纳、信息比对与错误识别、主观表达与逻辑阐述 材料剖析 ·故事发展线索：作者因丈夫获救向警察表达感谢→研究表达感恩对健康的益处→探讨 接受感恩的反应→分析感恩对人际关系的影响→指出现代人不常表达感恩的现象→ 呼吁培养感恩之心 ·感情发展线索：感激→快乐→领悟感恩的积极影响→担忧现代现象→积极倡导感恩 阅读理解短文 Last year,I baked biscuits for complete strangers to say "thank you".I'd had to call 999 because I found my husband unconscious on the floor.Within minutes,a police car arrived and soon my husband received medical care in hospital. A week later,when I dropped off still-warm biscuits and presented a thank-you note at the police station,the policemen thanked me for delivering gifts. I drove away feeling light and happy.Later,I realized that my natural high might have been more than it seemed. Research has shown that sharing gratitude has positive effects on health.People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels,lower their blood pressure and get better sleep. What about people who receive gratitude? Research has confirmed that when people receive thanks,they experience positive emotions. "Those are happy surprises,"says Jo-Ann Tsang,a professor of psychology.When someone is thanked,he's more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on,and his chances of being helpful again doubles,probably because he enjoys feeling socially valued. The give-and-take of gratitude also deepens relationships.Studies show that when your loved ones regularly express gratitude,making you feel appreciated,you're more likely to return appre- ciative feelings,which leads to more satisfactory in your relationships. Nowadays,however,many people don't express gratitude.Our modern lifestyle may be to blame.With commercial and social media,everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they're the center of the world.If it's all about them,why thank others? 2 Why not thank others?Just take a look at how many positive effects can saying "thank you" have on personal healthand the well-being of others. If you aren't particularly grateful,I strongly suggest you learn to be.People who are instructed to keep gratitude journals,in which they write down positive things that happen to them,cultivate gratitude over time. 问题列表 40.What health benefits can people gain from expressing gratitude? 41.How do people probably respond when they receive gratitude and feel socially valued? 42.Please decide which part of the following statement is false,then underline it and explain why. Saying "thank-you"improves relationships,but nowadays some young people don't want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society. 43.If possible,who would you like to express gratitude to most?Why?(In about 40 words) 3 核心词汇详解 1.gratitude 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：感激：感恩（抽象情感） 常用搭配：express gratitude(表达感激)、cultivate gratitude(培养感恩之 心) Research has shown that sharing gratitude has positive effects on health. (研究表明分享感恩对健康有积极影响) 词性转换 形容词：grateful（感激的)、副词：gratefully(感激地) 例：I am grateful for your help..（我感谢你的帮助) 高频搭配 名词：sense of gratitude(感恩意识)、debt of gratitude(恩情) 动词：show gratitude(表示感激)、feel gratitude(感到感激) 易混辨析 gratitude vs appreciation:前者强调“感恩情感”，后者侧重“欣赏/认 可” 例：appreciation of art(艺术欣赏) 2.journal 核心词性 名词(.，中频核心)：日记；日志（个人记录）：期刊；杂志（学术或专业类） 常用搭配：gratitude journals(感恩日记)、scientific journals(科学期刊) 例：People who keep gratitude journals cultivate gratitude over time..（写感 恩日记的人会逐渐培养感恩之心) 词性转换 动词：journal(写日记)、形容词：journalistic(新闻业的) 例：She journals every night..（她每晚写日记) 高频搭配 名词：travel journal(旅行日记)、academic journal(学术期刊) 易混辨析 journal vs diary:前者更正式，可指“期刊”；后者常指“个人日记” 3.deliver 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：递送；传送（物品、信息等）；发表；宣布（演讲、声 明等)：接生（医疗场景） 常用搭配：deliver gifts(送礼物)、deliver a speech(发表演讲)、deliver a baby(接生婴儿) 例：The policemen thanked me for delivering gifts.(警察感谢我送礼物) 词性转换 名词：delivery(递送；分娩)、形容词：deliverable(可交付的) 例：fast delivery(快速递送) 高频搭配 动词：deliver on a promise(履行承诺)、deliver goods(送货) 易混辨析 deliver vs send:前者强调“亲自递送”，后者泛指“发送” 4.cultivate 核心词性 动词（ⅴ，低频核心）：培养；培育（情感、习惯、技能等抽象事物）：种植： 栽培（植物） 常用搭配：cultivate gratitude（培养感恩之心)、cultivate crops(种植庄稼) 例：People who keep gratitude journals cultivate gratitude over time.（写感 恩日记的人会逐渐培养感恩之心) 词性转换 名词：cultivation(培养；耕种)、形容词：cultivated(有教养的) 例：land under cultivation(耕作的田地) 高频搭配 动词：cultivate a habit(培养习惯)、cultivate relationships(培养关系) 易混辨析 cultivate vs develop:前者强调“精心培育”，后者泛指“发展” 5.psychology 核心词性 名词（n,低频核心)：心理学（学科） 常用搭配：a professor of psychology(心理学教授)、child psychology(儿 童心理学) 例：Jo-Ann Tsang,a professor of psychology,sas.(心理学教授J0-Ann Tsang说…） 词性转换 形容词：psychological(心理的；心理学的)、副词：psychologically(心理 上) 例：psychological effects(心理影响) 高频搭配 名词：social psychology(社会心理学)、psychology study(心理学研究) 易混辨析 psychology vs psychiatry:前者“心理学”，后者“精神病学” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案： 40.They will increase their happiness levels,lower their blood pressure and get better sleep 41.They are more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on,and their chances of being helpful again double. 42.The false part is "because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society". The passage says"With commercial and social media,everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they're the center of the world",not "feel blamed by the whole society". 43.(Example)I would like to express gratitude to my parents most.They have always supported me unconditionally and helped me through difficult times,which makes me feel loved and strong. 40.:They will increase their happiness levels,lower their blood pressure and get better sleep. 5 考点：细节信息查找 语境：第三段明确提到“People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels,lower their blood pressure and get better sleep. 解析：直接定位到描述表达感恩对健康益处的句子，提取三个具体健康好处即可。 41.:They are more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on,and their chances of being helpful again double. 考点：细节信息理解与归纳 语境：第四段提到“When someone is thanked,he's more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on,and his chances of being helpful again doubles,probably because he enjoys feeling socially valued.” 解析：题目问的是“当人们收到感谢并感到被社会重视时可能如何回应”，原文中“probably because he enjoys feeling socially valued”解释了原因，前面的内容即为回应方式，需整合“return the favor or pass kindness on”和“chances of being helpful again doubles”。 42.:The false part is "because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society".The passage says "With commercial and social media,everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they're the center of the world",not "feel blamed by the whole society". 考点：信息比对与错误识别 语境：第六段提到“Our modern lifestyle may be to blame.With commercial and social media, everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they're the center of the world. 解析：题目中陈述的原因“everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society”与原文 “feel they're the center of the world'”不符，需找出并标注错误部分，同时依据原文解释原因。 43.:(Example)I would like to express gratitude to my parents most.They have always supported me unconditionally and helped me through difficult times,which makes me feel loved and strong. 考点：主观表达与逻辑阐述 语境：题目要求结合自身情况表达最想感谢的人及原因，需围绕“感恩”主题，理由合理、语言 简洁（约40词）。 解析：示例选择父母，原因从“无条件支持”“帮助度过困难时期”等角度阐述，符合感恩的核 心情感，且字数符合要求。答案需体现个人真实情感和逻辑。