阅读理解104-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选104 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约410词） ·核心知识点：记叙文、善行义举（个人） 。考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测 材料剖析 。故事发展线索：听闻非洲缺水困境萌生助人想法→通过劳动赚取首笔资金却发现不足→ 坚持说服他人捐赠并成功筹得款项→实地见证水井建成与孩子们的喜悦→成立基金会 持续助力更多人获得清洁水 ·感情发展线索：困惑不解→坚定执着→温暖感动→成就感与使命感+领悟微小行动 能带来巨大改变的主旨 阅读理解短文 The Well that Changed the World As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy,Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water.He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain.It was very close-only ten steps away.So, Ryan asked himself,"Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometers to get water every day?And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?"Young Ryan thought,"Life is easy for me,but hard for those people.Why don't I help?" At first,his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbors.He soon reached his first target ()of $70,but when he gave the money to a charity,he was told that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well. Two thousand dollars was a lot of money,but Ryan didn't give up.He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbors and persuaded them to donate money.At the same time,a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public.After several months,Ryan had raised the $2,000,with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water.They were grateful to him and invited him to visit. In Uganda,Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.But that was not all.He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.They sang and danced happily.Some even offered him food and gifts.At first Ryan was nervous,but soon great warmth filled him.He really had made a difference for these children.He broke into a joyful smile. 2 Later,Ryan's experience led him to set up a foundation (to encourage more people to help.Many inspired people gave him their support.Ryan's foundation continues to attract support from more and more people,so the work of building more wells can go on.Today,over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean,safe water. 题目列表 1.The following statements make Ryan decide to help students in developing African countries, EXCEPT· A.Ryan has troubles understanding the words spoken by teachers B.Many students are suffering from sickness caused by dirty water. .C.Ryan thought life shouldn't be so hard for them while his is easy. D.Many students have to walk a long way to get clean and safe water 2.How did Ryan raise money to build a well after finishing his first target? A.By asking his teacher and friends'parents for help. B.By persuading people around him to donate money. C.By setting up a public foundation to attract support. D.By doing some work for his family and neighbors. 3.Which of the following words can best describe Ryan? A.Kind-hearted and determined. B.Humorous and ambitious. .C.Brave and generous. D.Grateful and hardworking. 3 核心词汇详解 1.foundation 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义一是“基金会”（尤指慈善或公益组织），例 Ryan's foundation(瑞恩的基金会)：二是“基础；根基”（抽象概念），常用 搭配lay the foundation for sth.(为某事奠定基础)；三是“地基”（建筑术 语)，例the foundation of a building(建筑物的地基)。 词性转换 动词：found,核心含义是“建立；创办”，高考高频搭配是found a com- pany/organization(创办公司/组织)，例He founded the foundation at the age of12.(他12岁时创办了这个基金会)。 形容词：foundational,.核心含义是“基础的；基本的”，常用搭配foundational knowledge(基础知识)。 高频搭配 名词foundation的搭配：set up a foundation(成立基金会)、charity foun- dation(慈善基金会)、lay the foundation for(为…奠定基础)、foundation stone(基石；基础)。 易混辨析 foundation vs fund:foundation侧重“持续性的公益组织”，有明确的宗 旨和运作体系；fund侧重“专项基金或资金”，强调资金本身，例relief fund (救济金)。 foundation vs basis:foundation指“具体或抽象事物的基础，强调稳固 性”，如理论、组织的根基；basis指“抽象的基础、根据”，多用于观点、论 证的依据，例on the basis of(在…基础上)。 2.persuade 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：核心含义是“说服；劝说”，强调“通过说理使某人 改变想法或行动”，常用搭配persuade sb.to do sth.(说服某人做某事)；二 是“使相信；使信服”，搭配persuade sb.of sth.(使某人相信某事)。 词性转换 名词：persuasion,核心含义是“说服；劝说”，例After much persuasion, she agreed.(经过多次劝说，她同意了)。 形容词：persuasive,核心含义是“有说服力的；令人信服的”，常用搭配 persuasive argument(有说服力的论点)。 高频搭配 动词persuade的搭配：persuade sb.to do sth.(说服某人做某事)、persuade sb.not to do sth.(说服某人不做某事)、persuade sb.of sth.(使某人相信 某事)、try to persuade(试图说服)。 易混辨析 persuade vs advise:persuade强调“成功说服”，结果是对方接受；advise 强调“给出建议”，不涉及对方是否接受，例I advised him to go,but he refused.(我劝他去，但他拒绝了)。 persuade vs convince:persuade侧重“通过情感或说理促使行动”；con vince侧重“通过证据或逻辑使人在思想上相信”，搭配convince sb.that. (使某人相信…)。 3.benefit 核心词性 动词(v.,高频核心)：核心含义是“受益；得到好处”，常用搭配benefit from(从…中受益)，例Over8O0,000 people have benefited from clean water.(超过80万人从清洁水中受益)。 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义是“益处；好处”，常用搭配for the benefit of(为了…的利益)：二是“救济金；津贴”（官方福利）。 词性转换 形容词：beneficial,,核心含义是“有益的：有利的”，高考高频搭配be beneficial to(对…有益)，例resh air is beneficial to health.(新鲜空气对健康有 益)。 副词：beneficially,核心含义是“有益地；有利地”，例The changes affected her beneficially.(这些变化对她产生了有利影响)。 高频搭配 动词benefit的搭配：benefit from(从中受益)、benefit sb.(使某人受 益)。 名词benefit的搭配：for sb.'s benefit(为了某人的利益)、have the benefit of(得益于)、social benefits(社会福利)。 易混辨析 benefit(v.)vs profit(v.):benefit指“获得实际好处（如健康、知识、 帮助等)”，可用于人或物：profit指“获得经济利益或利润”，多用于商业场 景，例The company profited from the new policy.(公司从新政策中获利)。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：25-27ABA 1.A (Ryan has troubles understanding the words spoken by teachers.) 考点：细节理解题（排除法） 语境逻辑：文章第一段提到Ryan决定帮助非洲儿童的原因包括：非洲儿童每天要走十公里取水 (D项)、水很脏导致生病(B项)、他认为自己生活轻松而他们生活艰难(C项)。A项“Ryn 难以理解老师的话”与原文“had trouble believing the words”(难以相信，而非难以理解)不 符，且这是他产生疑问的起点，并非决定帮助的直接原因。 2.B (By persuading people around him to donate money. 考点：细节理解题（信息定位） 语境逻辑：第二段明确提到“Ryan didn't give up.He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbors and persuaded them to donate money..”,即他通过说服身边人捐款来筹集资金。 A项“向老师和朋友父母求助”未提及：C项“成立基金会”是后续行动：D项“为家人邻居 工作”是最初目标的方式，均不符合题干“完成第一个目标后”的时间要求。 3.A (Kind-hearted and determined.) 考点：人物性格推断题 语境逻辑：Ryan主动帮助非洲儿童（善良），面对2000美元的高额费用不放弃，继续筹集资 金（坚定），符合“Kind-hearted and determined”。B项“幽默”未体现；C项“勇敢”非核心 特质；D项“感恩”是受助儿童的情感，而非Ryan的性格。