阅读理解102-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读表达102 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读表达(5题，全文约390词) 。核心知识点：反馈方法、教育策略、专业发展 ·考查重点：细节定位、信息提取、主旨归纳、同义转换 材料剖析 ·文章结构：总-分-总结构，首段提出核心问题（如何从反馈中获益并减少缺点），中间分 段阐述具体方法，末段总结反馈的重要性及应用价值。 核心主题：有效反馈的方法，包括术语替换、关注优势、给予和接收反馈的技巧、反馈内 容的质量等。 。写作目的：为教师提供专业发展建议，通过改进反馈过程最终提升学生学习。 阅读表达短文 How can we gain benefits from feedback practices while reducing their disadvantages?There are some ways to help you. Feedback works best for the people whose main goal is self-improvement.It should be given in a developmental approach and future-focused,highlighting areas in which the recipient ( can improve,and offering clear,actionable strategies. First,we should consider using terms besides "feedback".Some studies have suggested replacing "feedback"with terms such as "advice",which often contain more practical information. Offering feedback as advice encourages recipients to focus on improving their future performance. Next,focus on the advantages.Excellence in teaching is often influenced by our own feelings, with lots of effective approaches for any given topic.Research suggests we improve ourselves when others focus on our advantages.A key to effective feedback is highlighting existing patterns of excellence. Then,we must learn how to give feedback.Delivering feedback can be challenging,especially if the person receiving the feedback is the person who has the same social position as you or the information could be sensed as critical ()To avoid such situations,reducing unpleasant messages may help. Receiving feedback,as well as giving it,is a skill.Therefore,helping teachers build skills around receiving practice-based information,feedback,or advice,such as listening with an open mind,thinking critically about the information,asking for specific advice and"making a thoughtful choice"about the quality and effectiveness of the feedback,can improve the whole process. 2 Finally,.focus on the“what”of feedback.While much attention is given to the“how”of feedback delivery,the real value lies in the "what"of feedback,that is the richness of its information. "High information"feedback should include two important points:checking the correctness of the teacher's approach when there is only one correct method and offering information to fill gaps in understanding and guide the recipient towards a desired approach. We know that feedback is quite important for teachers'professional development.After reading the information above,with established effective feedback methods,we can make the feedback process more effective and useful for more teachers in ways that finally improve students'learning. 问题列表 40.Whom does the feedback work best for？(不多于10个单词) 4l.How can we encourage recipients to focus on improving their future performance？(不多于7个 单词) 42.What is a key to effective feedback?(不多于7个单词) 43.How can we avoid challenging situations when giving feedback?(不多于6个单词) 44.What does this passage mainly talk about？(不多于8个单词) 3 核心词汇详解 1.developmental 核心词性 形容词（adj,高频核心)：发展的；促进成长的，侧重与成长、进步相关的 过程或方法 常用搭配：developmental approach(发展性方法)、developmental stage(发 展阶段) 词性转换 动词：develop(发展；培养；形成)，高考常用搭配develop skills(培养技 能)、develop a habit(养成习惯) 名词：development(发展；发育；开发)，高频搭配professional development (职业发展)、economic development(经济发展) 名词：developer(开发者；开发商)，特指从事开发工作的人或机构 高频搭配 developmental approach(发展性方法)、developmental psychology(发展心 理学)、developmental needs(发展需求) 易混辨析 developmental vs developing:developmental强调“与发展过程相关 的”，修饰抽象概念（如方法、阶段）；developing意为“发展中的”，修饰具 体事物（如国家、地区），例developing countries(发展中国家) 2.recipient 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：接收者：受方，特指信息、物品或帮助的接收对象 常用搭配：feedback recipient(反馈接收者)、recipient of sth.(某物的接收 者) 词性转换 动词：receive(收到；接收)，高考基础词汇，搭配receive a letter(收到一 封信)、receive feedback(收到反馈) 形容词：receivable(可接收的；应收的)，侧重财务领域，例accounts receivable (应收账款) 高频搭配 feedback recipient(反馈接收者)、recipient of help(帮助的接收者)、primary recipient(主要接收者) 易混辨析 recipient vs receiver:recipient更正式，侧重抽象事物（如反馈、奖项） 的接收者；receiver更口语化，侧重具体物品（如礼物、电话）的接收者，例 radio receiver(无线电接收器) 3.highlight 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：突出；强调；使显著，侧重使重要信息或特点明显 常用搭配：highlight the importance(强调重要性)、highlight areas(突出 领域) 名词(，次高频)：最精彩的部分；亮点，特指事件或内容中的重点，例 the highlight of the show(演出的亮点) 词性转换 名词：highlighting(突出显示；强调)，动名词形式，例the highlighting of key points(重点的突出) 高频搭配 highlight areas(突出领域)、highlight advantages(突出优势)、highlight key points(突出重点) 易混辨析 highlight vs emphasize:highlight侧重通过视觉或行为“使突出”，更具 体；emphasize侧重通过语言“强调”，更抽象，例emphasize the need(强 调需求) 4.strategy 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：策略；战略，侧重为达成目标的系统性计划 常用搭配：effective strategy(有效策略)、teaching strategy(教学策略)，复 数形式strategies 词性转换 形容词：strategic(战略性的策略性的)，修饰计划或决策，例strategic planning(战略规划) 名词：strategist(战略家；策略家)，指擅长制定策略的人 高频搭配 actionable strategy(可执行策略)、learning strategy(学习策略)、develop a strategy(制定策略) 易混辨析 strategy vs tactic:strategy指“宏观长期策略”，范围广；tactic指“具 体战术”，侧重短期手段，例marketing tactics(营销战术) 5 5.excellence 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：卓越；优秀：杰出，抽象不可数名词，侧重超越一般 的品质 常用搭配：achieve excellence(追求卓越)、excellence in sth.(在某方面的 优秀) 词性转换 形容词： excellent(优秀的：极好的)，高考基础词汇，搭配excellent per- formance(出色表现) 副词：excellently(极好地；卓越地)，修饰动词，例perform excellently(表 现出色) 高频搭配 excellence in teaching(教学卓越)、pursuit of excellence(追求卓越)、standard of excellence(卓越标准) 易混辨析 excellence vs perfection:excellence强调“超越平均的优秀”，可实现： perfection意为“完美”，侧重无瑕疵，较难达成 6.critical 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：含义一：批评的：批判性的，侧重指出缺点，常 用搭配critical feedback(批评性反馈)；含义二：关键的；重要的，强调决 定性作用，例critical moment(关键时刻)；含义三：危急的，指形势危险， 例critical condition(危急状况) 词性转换 动词：criticize(批评；评论)，搭配criticize sb.for sth.(因某事批评某人) 名词：criticism(批评；评论)，不可数名词，例receive criticism(受到批 评) 名词：critic(批评家；评论家)，指从事评论工作的人 高频搭配 critical feedback(批评性反馈)、critical thinking(批判性思维)、critical factor(关键因素) 易混辨析 critical(批评的)vs critical(关键的)：根据上下文判断，修饰“反馈、意 见”时表“批评的”；修饰“时刻、因素”时表“关键的” 6 7.richness 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：丰富性：充裕；浓烈，抽象不可数名词，侧重内容或 品质的充实 常用搭配：richness of information(信息的丰富性)、richness of life(生活 的丰富) 词性转换 形容词：rich(丰富的；富有的)，高考基础词汇，搭配rich in sth.(富含某 物)、rich experience(丰富经验) 副词：richly(丰富地；浓厚地)，修饰动词或形容词，例richly colored(色 彩浓郁的) 高频搭配 richness of information(信息的丰富性)、richness of culture(文化的丰富 性)、richness of detail(细节的丰富) 易混辨析 richness vs abundance:richness侧重“内容或品质的丰富”，抽象概念： abundance侧重“数量的充裕”，例abundance of resources(资源的充裕) 8.correctness 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：正确性；准确性，抽象不可数名词，侧重符合事实或 标准 常用搭配：correctness of approach(方法的正确性)、check the correctness (检查正确性) 词性转换 形容词：correct(正确的；恰当的)，高考基础词汇，搭配correct answer (正确答案)、correct mistakes(改正错误) 副词：correctly(正确地；准确地)，修饰动词，例answer correctly(正确 回答) 高频搭配 correctness of method(方法的正确性)、check correctness(检查正确性)、 ensure correctness(确保正确性) 易混辨析 correctness vs accuracy:correctness强调“符合标准或事实”，对错分 明；accuracy强调“精确性”，侧重误差小，例accuracy of data(数据的精 确性) 7 9.gap 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：含义一：差距；缺口，指事物间的距离或不足，常用 搭配gap in understanding(理解缺口)、generation gap(代沟)；含义二： 空白；间隔，指时间或空间上的间隔，例gap year(间隔年) 词性转换 动词：gap(裂开；张开)，较少使用 高频搭配 gap in knowledge(知识缺口)、bridge the gap(弥合差距)、time gap(时 间间隔) 易混辨析 gap vs difference:gap强调“不足或缺失”，需填补；difference泛指“差 异”，无弥补含义 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：40.People whose main goal is self-improvement4l.Offer feedback as advice 42.Highlighting existing patterns of excellence 43.Reducing unpleasant messages 44.Ways to make feedback effective 40.People whose main goal is self-improvement 考点：细节定位+信息提取 语境逻辑：第一段明确提到“Feedback works best for the people whose main goal is self- improvement.”,直接提取核心信息，控制在l0词以内。 41.Offer feedback as advice 考点：细节理解+同义转换 语境逻辑：第二段指出“Offering feedback as advice encourages recipients to focus on improving their future performance..”,问题中的“encourage...to focus on”对应原文“encourages recipients to focus on”,答案需压缩为7词以内，故提炼为“Offer feedback as advice”。 42.Highlighting existing patterns of excellence 考点：细节定位+关键词抓取 语境逻辑：第三段结尾明确说明“A key to effective feedback is highlighting existing patterns of excellence.”,直接提取核心短语，符合7词要求。 43.Reducing unpleasant messages 考点：细节理解+信息简化 语境逻辑：第四段提到“To avoid such situations,reducing unpleasant messages may help.”,问 题中的“avoid challenging situations”对应“avoid such situations”,答案需6词以内，故简化 为“Reducing unpleasant messages”。 44.Ways to make feedback effective 考点：主旨归纳+标题提炼 语境逻辑：全文围绕“如何从反馈实践中获益并减少其缺点”展开，首段提出“There are some ways to help you”,末段总结“established effective feedback methods,we can make the feedback process more effective'”,核心是“使反馈有效的方法”，控制在8词以内，故归纳为“Ways to make feedback effective”。