内容正文:
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阅读理解-阅读单选83
试题基本信息
·题型:阅读理解-阅读单选(约300词)
·核心知识点:竞技/比赛、广告/布告、应用文
。考查重点:细节理解、推理判断、语境分析
材料剖析
。文章类型:应用文(广告/布告类)
·主题内容:介绍四个STEM竞赛的基本信息,包括参赛内容、对象、时间、地点和奖项
·结构分析:第一段总述STEM竞赛定义;后续段落分别介绍Congressional App Challenge
Regeneron Science Talent Search,THINK Challenges HI Source America Design Challenge
阅读理解短文
The Ultimate Guide to STEM Competitions Events
STEM competitions allow individuals or student teams to solve a specific challenge or problem
through science,technology,engineering,or mathematics.The followings are different events at
this time.
Congressional App Challenge
What:Students must code and build an app by themselves.The apps are judged in district-
wide competitions.
Who:High school students.
When:From June 15 to November 1,2023.
Where:Online.
Prize:Winners receive a free trip to display their work in the Capitol Building.
Regeneron Science Talent Search
What:Entrants must conduct an original independent research project.Besides application
letters,recommendation letters and transcripts()are also needed.
Who:Any student in their senior year of high school.
When:From June 1 to November 8,2023.
Where:Selected finalists will receive an all-expenses-paid trip to Washington D.C.for in-depth
judging.
Prize:Over $2 million in awards are given:first-place prize is $250.000.
THINK Challenges
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What:This competition is for high school students who are in the early stages of an original
research project,rather than being fully completed.
Who:High school students.
When:2023 registration is closed;2024 details are to be decided and will likely open in
November 2023.
Where:Online.
Prize:Selected finalists are invited to a 4-day all-expenses-paid trip to MIT's campus to meet
professors in their field of research!$1000 will be given.
Source America Design Challenge
What:Student teams are to use STEM concepts to create a totally new product that empowers
people with disabilities.
Who:High school and collegiate-level students.
When:Registration for Design Challenge 2022 is still live!
Where:The finals take place in Washington D.C.
Prize:Grand prize is $8,000 per team and $6,000 to the affiliated school.
题目列表
21.In the STEM competitions,participants can
A.design an app based on judges'choices
B.create an invention to help the disabled
C.present a fully completed research project
D.get recommendation letters from professors
22.If someone wants to win a free trip to a university,the one will join in
A.THINK Challenges
B.Congressional App Challenge
C.Regeneron Science Talent Search
D.Source America Design Challenge
23.Which is a requirement for all the applicants?
A.They must be available for an outing trip.
B.They must register 2023 competitions.
C.They must be high school seniors.
D.They must submit original works.
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核心词汇详解
1.independent
核心词性
形容词(adj.,高频核心):独立的;自主的(强调不依赖他人),例independent
research(独立研究);不受影响的,例independent of outside control(不
受外部控制影响)。
名词(n.,低频):独立自主的人,例a strong independent(一个坚强独立
的人)。
词性转换
动词:independ,核心含义是“独立;脱离”,例The country independ from
colonial rule..(该国脱离殖民统治独立。)
名词:independence,.核心含义是“独立;自主”,高考常用搭配是gain
independence(获得独立)、independence from(独立于…)。
高频搭配
independent research/project(独立研究/项目)、independent thinking(独
立思考)、be independent of(独立于…;不受…影响)。
易混辨析
independent vs dependent:independent表“独立的;自主的”,强调
主动掌控;dependent表“依赖的;依靠的”,强调被动依附,常用搭配be
dependent on(依赖…)。
independent vs individual:independent侧重“自主性,不依赖他人”;
individual侧重“个体的,与集体相对”,例individual needs(个人需求)。
2.affiliated
核心词性
形容词(adj,高频核心):附属的:有关联的(强调机构、组织间的隶属关
系),例affiliated school(附属学校)。
动词(v.,低频):使附属;加入,例The college is affiliated with the university.
(这所学院附属于该大学。)
词性转换
名词:affiliation,核心含义是“隶属关系;加入”,例have an affiliation with
(与…有隶属关系)。
高频搭配
affiliated school(附属学校)、affiliated organization(附属组织)。
易混辨析
affiliated vs attached:affiliated侧重“正式的隶属关系,如机构、学校
的附属”;attached侧重“附加的;依恋的”,例attached document(附加
文件)、be attached to(依恋…)。
3.empower
核心词性
动词(v,高频核心):授权;使有能力;赋能(强调给予权力或能力),例
empower people with disabilities(为残疾人赋能)。
词性转换
名词:empowerment,核心含义是“赋权;授权”,例women's empowerment
(女性赋权)。
高频搭配
empower sb.todo(授权某人做某事)、empower people with..(为人
群赋能)。
易混辨析
empower vs enable:empower侧重“给予权力、自主权或信心”;enable
侧重“提供条件使某事成为可能”,例enable us to finish(使我们能够完成)。
4.collegiate
核心词性
形容词(adj,高频核心):大学的;学院的;大学生的,例collegiate-level
students(大学生)、collegiate sports(大学体育)。
词性转换
名词:college,.核心含义是“学院;大学”,高考常用搭配是go to college
(上大学)、college student(大学生)。
高频搭配
collegiate-level(大学水平的)、collegiate life(大学生活)。
易混辨析
collegiate vs university:collegiate是形容词,表“大学的”;university
是名词,表“综合性大学”,例Harvard University(哈佛大学)。
5.transcript
核心词性
名词(n.,高频核心):成绩单(教育领域常用),例academic transcript(成
绩单):文字记录;抄本,例a transcript of the speech(演讲的文字记录)。
词性转换
动词:transcribe,核心含义是“抄写:记录”,例transcribe the interview
(记录访谈内容)。
高频搭配
school transcript(学校成绩单)、official transcript(官方成绩单)。
易混辨析
transcript vs record:transcript侧重“正式的文字记录,如成绩单、录
音文字稿”;record侧重“广义的记录,如记录、唱片、履历”,例medical
record(病历)。
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6.entrant
核心词性
名词(n.,高频核心):参赛者;新成员;进入者,例competition entrant
(竞赛参赛者)、new entrant to the market(市场新进入者)。
词性转换
动词:enter,核心含义是“进入;参加”,高考常用搭配是enter a competition
(参加竞赛)、enter the room(进入房间)。
高频搭配
competition entrant(竞赛参赛者)、qualified entrant(合格参赛者)。
易混辨析
entrant vs participant:entrant侧重“刚加入的参赛者或新成员”;par-
ticipant泛指“参与者”,无“新”的含义,例active participant(积极参与
者)。
7.originate
核心词性
动词(v.,高频核心):起源;发源,例The tradition originated in the 19th
century.(这个传统起源于l9世纪):创造;开创,例originate a new theory
(开创一个新理论)。
词性转换
名词:origin,核心含义是“起源;出身”,高考常用搭配是origin of life(生
命起源)、place of origin(原产地)。
形容词:original,核心含义是“原创的;最初的”,例original research(原
创研究)。
高频搭配
originate from/in(起源于…)、originate a project(发起一个项目)。
易混辨析
originate vs create:originate侧重“某个事物的起源或开端”;create侧
重“从无到有地创造”,例create a new idea(提出新想法)。
8.registration
核心词性
名词(n.,高频核心):注册;登记,例competition registration(竞赛注册)、
registration form(注册表)。
词性转换
动词:register,核心含义是“注册;登记”,高考常用搭配是register for(注
册…)、register a company(注册公司)。
高频搭配
registration deadline(注册截止日期)、online registration(在线注册)。
易混辨析
registration vs enrollment:registration侧重“正式的注册手续,如比
赛、课程注册”;enrollment侧重“入学注册”,例student enrollment(学生
入学)。
答案与逐题解析
正确答案:21-23BAD
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21.B (create an invention to help the disabled)
考点:细节理解题
语境:根据Source America Design Challenge部分的描述“create a totally new product that
empowers people with disabilities”,可知参与者可以创造帮助残疾人的发明。
辨析:A项“基于评委选择设计应用”与Congressional App Challenge中“Students must
code and build an app by themselves”不符;C项“展示完全完成的研究项目”与THINK
Challenges中“early stages of an original research project”矛盾;D项“从教授处获得推荐信”
仅在Regeneron Science Talent Search中要求提交推荐信,并非从教授处获取。只有B项符合
Source America Design Challenge的内容。
22.A (THINK Challenges)
考点:细节理解题
语境:THINK Challenges的奖励明确提到“Selected finalists are invited to a4-day all--expenses-
paid trip to MIT's campus”,MIT是大学,符合“免费大学之旅”的要求。
辨析:B项国会应用挑战赛的免费旅行地点是国会大厦;C项Regeneron科学人才搜索的旅行
地点是华盛顿特区(未提及大学);D项Source America设计挑战赛的决赛地点是华盛顿特区。
只有A项的旅行地点是大学(IT校园)。
23.D (They must submit original works)
考点:推理判断题
语境:综合四个比赛的描述,Congressional App Challenge要求“code and build an app by
themselves”(原创应用),Regeneron Science Talent Search要求“original independent research
project”(原创研究),THINK Challenges要求“original research project”(原创研究),Source
America Design Challenge要求“create a totally new product”(全新产品,即原创发明),均
强调原创性。
辨析:A项“必须参加外出旅行”并非所有比赛要求(如国会应用挑战赛仅获奖者有旅行):B
项“必须注册2023年比赛”与Source America Design Challenge中“Registration for Design
Challenge2022 is still live”矛盾;C项“必须是高中生seniors'”仅Regeneron Science Talent
Search有此要求,其他比赛允许高中生或大学生。只有D项“提交原创作品”是所有比赛的共
同要求。