阅读理解83-北京市部分地区近两年(2024-2025)高二英语期末真题汇编

2025-12-09
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晴风教辅
进店逛逛

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1 阅读理解-阅读单选83 试题基本信息 ·题型:阅读理解-阅读单选(约300词) ·核心知识点:竞技/比赛、广告/布告、应用文 。考查重点:细节理解、推理判断、语境分析 材料剖析 。文章类型:应用文(广告/布告类) ·主题内容:介绍四个STEM竞赛的基本信息,包括参赛内容、对象、时间、地点和奖项 ·结构分析:第一段总述STEM竞赛定义;后续段落分别介绍Congressional App Challenge Regeneron Science Talent Search,THINK Challenges HI Source America Design Challenge 阅读理解短文 The Ultimate Guide to STEM Competitions Events STEM competitions allow individuals or student teams to solve a specific challenge or problem through science,technology,engineering,or mathematics.The followings are different events at this time. Congressional App Challenge What:Students must code and build an app by themselves.The apps are judged in district- wide competitions. Who:High school students. When:From June 15 to November 1,2023. Where:Online. Prize:Winners receive a free trip to display their work in the Capitol Building. Regeneron Science Talent Search What:Entrants must conduct an original independent research project.Besides application letters,recommendation letters and transcripts()are also needed. Who:Any student in their senior year of high school. When:From June 1 to November 8,2023. Where:Selected finalists will receive an all-expenses-paid trip to Washington D.C.for in-depth judging. Prize:Over $2 million in awards are given:first-place prize is $250.000. THINK Challenges 2 What:This competition is for high school students who are in the early stages of an original research project,rather than being fully completed. Who:High school students. When:2023 registration is closed;2024 details are to be decided and will likely open in November 2023. Where:Online. Prize:Selected finalists are invited to a 4-day all-expenses-paid trip to MIT's campus to meet professors in their field of research!$1000 will be given. Source America Design Challenge What:Student teams are to use STEM concepts to create a totally new product that empowers people with disabilities. Who:High school and collegiate-level students. When:Registration for Design Challenge 2022 is still live! Where:The finals take place in Washington D.C. Prize:Grand prize is $8,000 per team and $6,000 to the affiliated school. 题目列表 21.In the STEM competitions,participants can A.design an app based on judges'choices B.create an invention to help the disabled C.present a fully completed research project D.get recommendation letters from professors 22.If someone wants to win a free trip to a university,the one will join in A.THINK Challenges B.Congressional App Challenge C.Regeneron Science Talent Search D.Source America Design Challenge 23.Which is a requirement for all the applicants? A.They must be available for an outing trip. B.They must register 2023 competitions. C.They must be high school seniors. D.They must submit original works. 3 核心词汇详解 1.independent 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心):独立的;自主的(强调不依赖他人),例independent research(独立研究);不受影响的,例independent of outside control(不 受外部控制影响)。 名词(n.,低频):独立自主的人,例a strong independent(一个坚强独立 的人)。 词性转换 动词:independ,核心含义是“独立;脱离”,例The country independ from colonial rule..(该国脱离殖民统治独立。) 名词:independence,.核心含义是“独立;自主”,高考常用搭配是gain independence(获得独立)、independence from(独立于…)。 高频搭配 independent research/project(独立研究/项目)、independent thinking(独 立思考)、be independent of(独立于…;不受…影响)。 易混辨析 independent vs dependent:independent表“独立的;自主的”,强调 主动掌控;dependent表“依赖的;依靠的”,强调被动依附,常用搭配be dependent on(依赖…)。 independent vs individual:independent侧重“自主性,不依赖他人”; individual侧重“个体的,与集体相对”,例individual needs(个人需求)。 2.affiliated 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心):附属的:有关联的(强调机构、组织间的隶属关 系),例affiliated school(附属学校)。 动词(v.,低频):使附属;加入,例The college is affiliated with the university. (这所学院附属于该大学。) 词性转换 名词:affiliation,核心含义是“隶属关系;加入”,例have an affiliation with (与…有隶属关系)。 高频搭配 affiliated school(附属学校)、affiliated organization(附属组织)。 易混辨析 affiliated vs attached:affiliated侧重“正式的隶属关系,如机构、学校 的附属”;attached侧重“附加的;依恋的”,例attached document(附加 文件)、be attached to(依恋…)。 3.empower 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心):授权;使有能力;赋能(强调给予权力或能力),例 empower people with disabilities(为残疾人赋能)。 词性转换 名词:empowerment,核心含义是“赋权;授权”,例women's empowerment (女性赋权)。 高频搭配 empower sb.todo(授权某人做某事)、empower people with..(为人 群赋能)。 易混辨析 empower vs enable:empower侧重“给予权力、自主权或信心”;enable 侧重“提供条件使某事成为可能”,例enable us to finish(使我们能够完成)。 4.collegiate 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心):大学的;学院的;大学生的,例collegiate-level students(大学生)、collegiate sports(大学体育)。 词性转换 名词:college,.核心含义是“学院;大学”,高考常用搭配是go to college (上大学)、college student(大学生)。 高频搭配 collegiate-level(大学水平的)、collegiate life(大学生活)。 易混辨析 collegiate vs university:collegiate是形容词,表“大学的”;university 是名词,表“综合性大学”,例Harvard University(哈佛大学)。 5.transcript 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心):成绩单(教育领域常用),例academic transcript(成 绩单):文字记录;抄本,例a transcript of the speech(演讲的文字记录)。 词性转换 动词:transcribe,核心含义是“抄写:记录”,例transcribe the interview (记录访谈内容)。 高频搭配 school transcript(学校成绩单)、official transcript(官方成绩单)。 易混辨析 transcript vs record:transcript侧重“正式的文字记录,如成绩单、录 音文字稿”;record侧重“广义的记录,如记录、唱片、履历”,例medical record(病历)。 5 6.entrant 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心):参赛者;新成员;进入者,例competition entrant (竞赛参赛者)、new entrant to the market(市场新进入者)。 词性转换 动词:enter,核心含义是“进入;参加”,高考常用搭配是enter a competition (参加竞赛)、enter the room(进入房间)。 高频搭配 competition entrant(竞赛参赛者)、qualified entrant(合格参赛者)。 易混辨析 entrant vs participant:entrant侧重“刚加入的参赛者或新成员”;par- ticipant泛指“参与者”,无“新”的含义,例active participant(积极参与 者)。 7.originate 核心词性 动词(v.,高频核心):起源;发源,例The tradition originated in the 19th century.(这个传统起源于l9世纪):创造;开创,例originate a new theory (开创一个新理论)。 词性转换 名词:origin,核心含义是“起源;出身”,高考常用搭配是origin of life(生 命起源)、place of origin(原产地)。 形容词:original,核心含义是“原创的;最初的”,例original research(原 创研究)。 高频搭配 originate from/in(起源于…)、originate a project(发起一个项目)。 易混辨析 originate vs create:originate侧重“某个事物的起源或开端”;create侧 重“从无到有地创造”,例create a new idea(提出新想法)。 8.registration 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心):注册;登记,例competition registration(竞赛注册)、 registration form(注册表)。 词性转换 动词:register,核心含义是“注册;登记”,高考常用搭配是register for(注 册…)、register a company(注册公司)。 高频搭配 registration deadline(注册截止日期)、online registration(在线注册)。 易混辨析 registration vs enrollment:registration侧重“正式的注册手续,如比 赛、课程注册”;enrollment侧重“入学注册”,例student enrollment(学生 入学)。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案:21-23BAD 6 21.B (create an invention to help the disabled) 考点:细节理解题 语境:根据Source America Design Challenge部分的描述“create a totally new product that empowers people with disabilities”,可知参与者可以创造帮助残疾人的发明。 辨析:A项“基于评委选择设计应用”与Congressional App Challenge中“Students must code and build an app by themselves”不符;C项“展示完全完成的研究项目”与THINK Challenges中“early stages of an original research project”矛盾;D项“从教授处获得推荐信” 仅在Regeneron Science Talent Search中要求提交推荐信,并非从教授处获取。只有B项符合 Source America Design Challenge的内容。 22.A (THINK Challenges) 考点:细节理解题 语境:THINK Challenges的奖励明确提到“Selected finalists are invited to a4-day all--expenses- paid trip to MIT's campus”,MIT是大学,符合“免费大学之旅”的要求。 辨析:B项国会应用挑战赛的免费旅行地点是国会大厦;C项Regeneron科学人才搜索的旅行 地点是华盛顿特区(未提及大学);D项Source America设计挑战赛的决赛地点是华盛顿特区。 只有A项的旅行地点是大学(IT校园)。 23.D (They must submit original works) 考点:推理判断题 语境:综合四个比赛的描述,Congressional App Challenge要求“code and build an app by themselves”(原创应用),Regeneron Science Talent Search要求“original independent research project”(原创研究),THINK Challenges要求“original research project”(原创研究),Source America Design Challenge要求“create a totally new product”(全新产品,即原创发明),均 强调原创性。 辨析:A项“必须参加外出旅行”并非所有比赛要求(如国会应用挑战赛仅获奖者有旅行):B 项“必须注册2023年比赛”与Source America Design Challenge中“Registration for Design Challenge2022 is still live”矛盾;C项“必须是高中生seniors'”仅Regeneron Science Talent Search有此要求,其他比赛允许高中生或大学生。只有D项“提交原创作品”是所有比赛的共 同要求。

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阅读理解83-北京市部分地区近两年(2024-2025)高二英语期末真题汇编
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阅读理解83-北京市部分地区近两年(2024-2025)高二英语期末真题汇编
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阅读理解83-北京市部分地区近两年(2024-2025)高二英语期末真题汇编
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