阅读理解80-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选80 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约440词) 。 核心知识点：日常生活、说明文 ·考查重点：写作意图推断、细节理解与推理、观点态度推断 材料剖析 ·文章主题：探讨“Find your passion!”这一观点的科学性，提出激情是后天发展的而非先 天存在，并对比固定型思维和成长型思维对兴趣和激情的影响。 。结构分析： 一第一段：引出话题，质疑“Find your passion!”的合理性，提出核心观点一激情是 发展的。 一第二段：阐释激情的形成过程，从好奇心火花到兴趣再到激情。 一第三段：对比固定型思维和成长型思维，分析固定型思维的负面影响。 一第四段：通过研究举例说明固定型思维限制对新领域的兴趣。 一第五段：进一步分析固定型思维对创造力和创新的限制。 第六段：总结，强调成长型思维的重要性，并呼吁更新旧观念。 阅读理解短文 "Find your passion!"is an appeal well-intended and meant to inspire.But is it good advice? "Finding"a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately,this idea doesn't square with what science tells us.Instead,passions are developed. They often begin with a spark()of curiosity caused by something in one's environment,such as a fascinating physics lecture.Through a process involving repeated engagement and positive experiences,people can come to personally value that content or activity and internalize it.What was at first interesting becomes an interest.If these qualities continue to intensify,a passion can emerge. Actually,assuming passion as inborn tend to cause people to be less open,less courageous in the face of challenges and less creative in pursuit of new interests.Thus,encouraging people to "find" their passion may cause them to eventually believe that interests and passions are unchangeable. People who think this have a fixed mindset of interest.By contrast,some people,whom we refer to as having a growth mindset of interest,view their interests and passions as developed. People with a fixed mindset of interest,for example,may fall into the trap of thinking,"If I have already found my passion,why keep exploring?"In recent studies,after engaging in a new 2 science task,arts students with a fixed mindset expressed less interest in a scientific topic than arts students with a growth mindset.Meanwhile,science students with a fixed mindset responded similarly to an art-related task.For those with a growth mindset,having a strong pre-existing interest in the arts or sciences did not get in the way of them viewing a new area as interesting. Worse still,people with a fixed mindset of interest tend to expect their passions to provide limitless motivation,such that their favorite topics should never feel too difficult or demanding. Such a mindset can also limit creativity and innovation.If people believe they are restricted to only a few inborn interests and,in consequence,do not explore other areas,they may miss seeing important connections across different fields.That loss is especially unfortunate considering how leaders at innovative companies have long prized problem-solving that draw ideas from diverse disciplines. Of course,not every activity will become a burning passion.But a growth mindset of interest will help you remain open and curious.The old saying "find something you love to do,and you' ll never have to work a day in your life"needs to be updated. 题目选项 38.The author uses the sentence underlined in Paragraph 1 to_ .A.set a target for criticism ·B.point out the fact .C.confirm people's finding ·D.voice his opinion 39.What can we learn from the passage? A.Any interesting activity can spark a passion. B.Companies prefer those who specialize in one field. C.People with a fixed mindset of interest are hard to be motivated. D.A growth mindset of interest promotes creativity and innovation. 40.Which will the author probably agree with? A.One should count on luck to excite a burning passion. B.Reinforced positive experiences contribute to passion. C.Those already interested in a field find new areas boring. D.We'd better cherish the existing passion and look for more. 3 核心词汇详解 1.intensify 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：核心含义一是“增强；加剧”（指程度、强度等增加）， 例The conflict intensified.(冲突加剧了)：二是“使尖锐；使强化”，例The medicine intensified the pain.(药物加剧了疼痛)。 名词(n.,高中冷考)：核心含义是“增强；强化”，例the intensification of efforts(努力的加强)。 必记词性转换 名词：intensification,核心含义是“增强；加剧”，高考写作可替换increase, 例the intensification of competition(竞争的加剧)。 形容词：intense,核心含义是“强烈的：紧张的”，高频搭配intense heat (酷暑)、intense competition(激烈竞争)。 副词：intensely,.核心含义是“强烈地；极度地”，例He dislikes it intensely. (他极度讨厌它)。 高频搭配 动词intensify的搭配：intensify efforts(加大努力)、intensify competition (加剧竞争)、intensify conflict(加剧冲突)、intensify pressure(增加压力)。 易混辨析 intensify(v.)vs strengthen(v.):intensify侧重“程度、强度的增强”， 主语多为抽象事物（如conflict/pressure);strengthen侧重“力量、实力的 增强”，主语可为人或具体事物（如body/relationship)。 intense(adj.)vs intensive(adj.):intense表“强烈的：紧张的”，修 饰抽象概念（如emotion/heat):intensive表“密集的；集中的”，修饰动作 或过程（如intensive training/reading)。 2.internalize 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：核心含义是“内化：吸收”（指将外部知识、价值观 转化为自身一部分)，例internalize moral values(内化道德价值观)。 必记词性转换 名词：internalization,核心含义是“内化；吸收”，例the internalization of knowledge(知识的内化)。 形容词：internal,核心含义是“内部的；内在的”，高频搭配internal conflict (内心冲突)、internal organs(内脏)。 副词：internally,核心含义是“在内部；内在地”，例The company is internally divided.(公司内部有分歧)。 高频搭配 动词internalize的搭配：internalize information(吸收信息)、internalize rles(内化规则)、internalize values(内化价值观)、internalize knowledge (内化知识)。 易混辨析 internalize(v.)vs absorb(v.):internalize强调“将外部事物转化为自 身内在部分”，侧重心理或认知层面；absorb强调“吸收（液体、知识等）”， 侧重物理或表面层面，例absorb water(吸水)、absorb knowledge(学习知 识)。 3.innovation 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义一是“创新；革新”（指新想法、新方法）， 例technological innovation(技术创新)；二是“新事物；新发明”，例recent innovations in medicine(医学新发明)。 必记词性转换 动词：innovate,.核心含义是“创新；革新”，高频搭配nnovate in sth.(在 某方面创新)，例innovate in technology(技术创新)。 形容词：innovative,核心含义是“创新的；革新的”，高考写作高频词，例 innovative ideas(创新想法)、innovative approach(创新方法)。 名词：innovator,核心含义是“创新者；革新者”，例leading innovators(领 先创新者)。 高频搭配 名词innovation的搭配：technological innovation(技术创新)、scientific innovation(科技创新)、promote innovation(促进创新)、drive innovation (推动创新)、a culture of innovation(创新文化)。 易混辨析 innovation(n.)vs invention(n.):innovation侧重“对现有事物的改进 或新应用”，例innovation in management(管理创新)；invention侧重“前 所未有的新发明”，例the invention of the computer(计算机的发明)。 innovative(adj.)vs creative(adj.):innovative强调“在实践中引入新 方法或改进”，例innovative solutions(创新解决方案)；creative强调“具 有创造力，能产生新想法”，例creative design(创意设计)。 4.diverse 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义是“不同的；多样的”，高频搭配diverse cultures(多元文化)、diverse opinions(不同意见). 必记词性转换 名词：diversity,核心含义是“多样性；差异”，高考写作高频词，例cultural diversity(文化多样性)、biological diversity(生物多样性)。 副词：diversely,核心含义是“不同地；多样地”，例The students are diversely talented.(学生们天赋各异)。 动词：diversify,核心含义是“使多样化；多元化”，例diversify products (产品多元化)。 高频搭配 形容词diverse的搭配：diverse backgrounds(不同背景)、diverse interests (多种兴趣)、diverse fields(不同领域)、diverse cultures(多元文化)。 易混辨析 diverse(adj.)vs various(adj.):diverse强调“本质上的差异，种类多 样”，例diverse species(不同物种)：various强调“数量上的不同，多种类”， 例various reasons(各种原因)。 diversity(n.)vs variety(n.):diversity侧重“差异的存在”，例diversity in age(年龄差异)：variety侧重“种类的数量”，例a variety of books(各 种各样的书)。 5 5.mindset 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义是“心态：思维模式”，例a fixed mindset (固定型思维)、a growth mindset（成长型思维)。 必记词性转换 (无高频词性转换，该词为合成词，mind+set) 高频搭配 名词mindset的搭配：fixed mindset(固定型思维)、growth mindset(成长 型思维)、develop a mindset(培养心态)、change one's mindset(改变思维 模式)、positive mindset(积极心态)。 易混辨析 nindset(n.)vs attitude(n.):mindset侧重“长期形成的思维模式或 认知框架”，例a problem-solving mindset(解决问题的思维)；attitude侧 重“对人或事的态度、看法”，例a positive attitude(积极态度)。 6.reinforce 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：核心含义一是“加强；强化”（指支持或巩固某事物）， 例reinforce confidence(增强信心)；二是“加固；增援”（指物理或军事上 的加强)，例reinforce a wall(加固墙壁)。 必记词性转换 名词：reinforcement,核心含义是“加强；增援”，例the reinforcement of rules(规则的强化)、military reinforcements(军事增援)。 高频搭配 动词reinforce的搭配：reinforce belief(强化信念)、reinforce confidence(增 强信心)、reinforce security(加强安全)、reinforce a wall(加固墙壁)。 易混辨析 reinforce(v.)vs strengthen(v.):reinforce侧重“通过支持或补充使更 牢固”，例reinforce an argument with data(用数据支持论点)；strengthen 侧重“使本身的力量增强”，例strengthen muscles(增强肌肉)。 7.assume 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：核心含义一是“假定；认为”（主观推测），例assume sb.is innocent(假定某人无辜)：二是“承担；担任”（责任、角色等），例 assume responsibility（承担责任)：三是“呈现；具有”（某种形式或特征）， 例assume a new look(呈现新面貌)。 必记词性转换 名词：assumption,核心含义是“假定；假设”，高频搭配make an assumption (做假设)、under the assumption that..（在…的假设下)。 形容词：assumed,.核心含义是“假定的；假装的”，例an assumed name (化名)。 高频搭配 动词assume的搭配：assume responsibility(承担责任)、assume power(掌 权)、assume that..(假设…)。 易混辨析 assume(v.)vs presume(v.):assume侧重“无根据的假设”，presume 侧重“有一定依据的推测”。 assume(v.)vs suppose(v.):assume更正式，suppose更口语化。 6 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：38-40ADD 1.38.A (set a target for criticism) 考点：写作意图推断 语境逻辑：第一段开篇引用“Find your passion!”这一常见观点，随后用“But is it good advice?” 转折，明确质疑其合理性，并在后续段落通过科学依据和对比论证否定“找到激情”的说法，强 调“激情是培养的”。 解析：划线句作为被质疑的对象，是作者批判的靶子。B(指出事实)、C(确认发现)与后文否 定态度矛盾：D(表达观点)错误，此句是引用他人观点，并非作者观点。 2.39.D (A growth mindset of interest promotes creativity and innovation) 考点：细节理解与推理 语境逻辑：第五段明确提到“Such a mindset(fixed mindset)can also limit creativity and innovation”,而成长型思维的人“view their interests and passions as developed”,且能“draw ideas from diverse disciplines'”,反推可知成长型思维促进创造力和创新。 解析：A(任何有趣活动都能激发激情)与最后一段“not every activity will become a burning passion”矛盾；B(公司偏好单一领域专家)与“leaders..prized problem-solving that draw ideas from diverse disciplines”不符；C(固定思维的人难以被激励)错误，原文说他们“expect their passions to provide limitless motivation”,并非缺乏动力，而是对动力有不切实际的期待。 3.40.B (Reinforced positive experiences contribute to passion) 考点：观点态度推断 语境逻辑：第二段提到“Through a process involving repeated engagement and positive expe- riences..a passion can emerge'”,明确指出重复参与和积极体验是激情形成的过程。 解析：A(依靠运气激发激情)与“passions are developed”矛盾；C(对某领域感兴趣的人觉 得新领域无聊)与“science students with a fixed mindset responded similarly to an art-related task”不符，且成长型思维的人不会如此；D(珍惜现有激情并寻找更多)与固定思维“why keep exploring?”的负面例子矛盾，作者强调成长型思维应保持开放，而非仅“寻找更多”现有激情。