阅读理解79-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选79 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解阅读单选 。文章长度：约410词 ·核心知识点：环境保护、记叙文、个人经历 。考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、情感态度、主旨大意 材料剖析 ·文章发展线索：提出无塑料日实验→早晨日常挑战→外出就餐困难→交通违规→实 验失败感受→专家建议→未来计划 ·情感发展线索：实验开始（妻子叹气）→日常困难（头痛）→外出挑战（被拒）→交通 违规→挫败感→专家开导→重新振作 阅读理解短文 My Day of No Plastic Since its invention,plastic has affected every aspect of our lives.It has made possible thousands of conveniences,but it has come with downsides,especially for the environment.In a 24-hour experiment,I tried to live without it to see what plastic stuff we can't do without and what we may be able to give up. At the start of my no-plastic day,I made my way toward the bathroom,only to stop myself before I went in."Could you open the door for me?"I asked my wife."The handle is plastic."She opened it for me,letting out a"this is going to be a long day”sigh(叹气). My morning routine was a headache.I couldn't use my toothpaste,toothbrush,shampoo or soap,all of which were made of plastic or put in plastic containers.Getting dressed was also a challenge,given that so many clothing items include plastic. When I went out,I brought along two glass containers and cloth bags of various sizes.I walked to a sandwich shop."Can you make the salad in this glass container?"I asked.The manager said OK but then rejected my request to use my steel spoon. After lunch,I took the subway to Central Park,which scored me more violations ()since I need a MetroCard and the trains themselves have plastic parts.But at least I didn't sit in one of those plastic seats. Back home,I recorded some of my impressions.By my count,on my day of no plastic,I had made 164 violations.I felt defeated.And also uncertain.The next day I called Gabby Salazar, a scientist who studies what motivates people to support environmental causes,and asked her for 2 advice. "You can drive yourself crazy,"she said,"but it's not about perfection.It's about progress." Believe it or not,individual behavior matters.It adds up."Remember,"she continued,"it's not about plastic being the enemy.It's about single-use as the enemy." I promised to try,even after my not successful attempt.I'll start with small things,building up habits.I can take cloth bags to the grocery.I might start packing my glass water bottle and steel spoon.And from there,who knows? 题目选项列表 1.The author conducted the 24-hour experiment because A.he was tired of using plastic stuff in his daily life B.he tried to call upon people to ban plastic products C.he wondered how much plastic he consumed each day D.he wanted to figure out how to use plastic stuff wisely 2.Why did the author's wife sigh? A.Because she didn't know his intention. B.Because she worried about her husband. C.Because she thought it hard to avoid using plastic. D.Because she didn't realize the downsides of plastic. 3.How did the author feel after the no-plastic day? A.Astonished. B.Discouraged. C.Relieved. D.Guilty. 4.How would the author deal with plastic in the future? A.Continue the plastic-free experiment. B.Give up the attempt at using less plastic. C.Reduce plastic use through small actions D.Encourage people to be environmentalists. 3 核心词汇详解 1.downside 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：核心含义是”缺点；不利方面”，常用搭配the downside of sth.(某事的缺点)；二是”下降趋势，尤指经济或数值方面，例the downside in prices(价格的下降趋势)。 词性转换 形容词：downward,核心含义是”向下的；下降的”，高考常用搭配downward trend(下降趋势)。 副词：downwards,核心含义是”向下地；下降地”，例prices moved downwards (价格下跌)。 高频搭配 名词downside的搭配：the downside of modern technology(现代科技的弊 端)、weigh the upsides and downsides(权衡利弊)、have its downside(有 其不利之处)。 易混辨析 downside vs disadvantage:downside更侧重”潜在的、不易察觉的不 利因素”，语气相对委婉；disadvantage侧重”明显的、已知的劣势或不利条 件”，语气更直接。 downside vs drawback:downside多用于描述事物本身固有的负面属性； drawback侧重”计划、方案等实施过程中出现的具体障碍或不便”。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：34-37DCBB 1.D (wanted to figure out how to use plastic stuff wisely) 考点：细节理解题 语境：第一段最后一句明确提到实验目的是"to see what plastic stuff we can't do without and what we may be able to give up”,即分辨哪些塑料用品是必需的、哪些可以放弃，这与”如何 明智地使用塑料制品”(how to use plastic stuff wisely)相符。 辨析：A项”厌倦使用塑料”未提及；B项”呼吁禁止塑料产品”与原文科学家强调”不是要把 塑料当敌人”相悖；C项”想知道每天消耗多少塑料”并非核心目的，实验重点是”必需s可放 弃”而非量化消费量。D项准确概括了探索合理使用塑料的意图。 2.C (Because she thought it hard to avoid using plastic) 考点：推理判断题 语境：作者因门把手是塑料而让妻子开门，妻子叹气this is going to be a long day'”,暗示她认 为一整天避免使用塑料是困难的。 辨析：A项”不了解意图”与上下文不符，作者已开始实验，妻子应能感知；B项”担心丈夫” 无依据：D项”未意识到塑料缺点”与叹气原因无关。C项”认为难以避免使用塑料”符合”漫 长一天”所暗示的艰巨性。 3.B (Discouraged) 考点：情感态度题 4 语境：第五段明确描述作者感受："I felt defeated..And also uncertain.”(感到挫败和不确定)， 与Discouraged'”(沮丧的)一致。 辨析：A项”Astonished”(震惊的)、C项”Relieved”(释然的)、D项"Guilty”(内疚的)均未 在文中体现。"defeated”直接对应Discouraged”。 4.B (Reduce plastic use through small actions) 考点：细节理解题 语境：最后一段作者承诺”start with small things,building up habits”,例如用布袋、玻璃水瓶 和钢勺，即通过小行动减少塑料使用。 辨析：A项”继续无塑料日实验”与”not successful attempt”及”从小事开始”不符；B项”通 过小行动减少塑料使用”准确对应"”small things,building up habits'”;C项”放弃减少塑料的尝 试”与”I promised to try”相悖；D项”鼓励他人成为环保主义者”并非作者后续行动重点，重 点是自身习惯养成。