阅读理解76-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选76 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解阅读单选 。文章长度：约430词 ● 核心知识点：科学技术类说明文 ·考查重点：主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断 材料剖析 。第一段：引出话题+介绍研究背景：通过设想”他人读取内心想法”的场景，引出得克萨 斯大学科学家的研究，指出该研究使用非侵入性MRI扫描仪和GPT构建的大型语言模 型，在读取人类思想方面取得进展。 ·第二段：阐述研究实施过程：说明研究以三名受试者为中心，他们在听在线故事时接受 MRI扫描以记录脑活动，研究者结合LLMs构建个体大脑对不同单词反应的编码图谱， 为后续解码奠定基础。 。第三段：描述研究核心方法”逆向工作”：承接第二段的编码图谱构建，说明团队通过记 录受试者听新故事时的MI活动，结合先前编码的模式和LLMs,尝试翻译新的脑活动 以读取思想，并举例说明解码器能大致捕捉主要思想。 。第四段：呈现研究发现的技术特性：指出解码器并非通用，具有个性化，仅对构建者的脑 数据有效，且需要受试者自愿配合，若不专注则无法从脑信号中识别故事。 。第五段：讨论研究的意义与潜在问题：说明技术虽不完善，但可能帮助无法交流的人，同 时引发隐私担忧，团队认为政策制定者应主动应对其合法使用问题，并强调需建立未经允 许不得解码大脑的监管基础。 阅读理解原文 Think of the words in your head:that tasteless joke you wisely kept to yourself at dinner;your unvoiced impression of your best friend's new partner.Now imagine that someone could listen in. Recently,scientists from the University of Texas,have made another step in that direction.In a study published in Neuroscience,the team showed it was possible to read people's thoughts with a non-invasive brain scanner called fMRI and large language models(LLMs)built with GPT. The study centered on three subjects,who lay in an fMRI scanner recording their brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow in parts of their brains while they listened to online stories.By integrating this information with the LLMs'ability to understand how words relate to one another, the researchers developed an encoded (map of how each individual's brain responds to different words.Then,the team worked backward.They recorded the fMRI activity while the 3 participants listened to a new story.Using a combination of the patterns previously encoded for each individual and LLMs,the researchers attempted to translate this new brain activity. While many of the sentences it produced were inaccurate,the decoder generated sentences that got the main idea of what the person was thinking.For instance,when a person heard,"I don't have my driver's license yet,"the decoder spat out,"She has not even started to learn to drive yet." Alex Huth from the university said,"We were shocked and impressed that this worked as well as it does.” The researchers also found that the technology isn't one-size-fits-all.Each decoder was quite personalized and worked only for the person whose brain data had helped build it.Additionally, a person had to voluntarily cooperate for the decoder to identify ideas.If a person wasn't paying attention to an audio story,the decoder couldn't pick that story up from brain signals. While the technology was still far from perfect,the result could ultimately lead to seamless devices that help people who can't talk or otherwise communicate easily.However,the research also raises privacy concerns about unwelcome neural overhearing.The team said the potential of the technology was such that policymakers should proactively address how it can be legally used.Jerry Tang from the team said,"Nobody's brain should be decoded without their permission.If one day it does become possible to get accurate decoding without a person's will,we'll have a regulatory foundation in place.” 题目列表 39.What is the study mainly about? A.The working principle of a smart scanner. B.The potential impact of mind-reading GPT. C.The advance in brain-decoding technology. D.The breakthrough in large language models 40.How did the team work backward? A.They fed the decoder data on people's brain activities. B.They employed the scanner to encode people's thoughts. C.They recorded the fMRI activity to assess thinking ability. D.They used brain activity patterns to read the subjects'mind. 41.What did the researchers find? A.The decoder worked as expected. B.The decoder can get the wording right. C.The decoder required willing participation. D.The decoder can be applied to different people. 42.What will the team most probably do next? A.Personalize the technology. B.Establish proper regulations. C.Apply the technology across fields. D.Break limitations of the technology 核心词汇详解 1.non-invasive 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：非侵入性的：非手术的（主要用于描述医疗或科 学技术手段无需进入身体内部) 例：non-invasive brain scanner(非侵入性脑部扫描仪) 词性转换 动词：invade(侵入)、名词：invasion(入侵) 反义词：invasive(侵入性的) 高频搭配 non-invasive treatment(非侵入性治疗)、non-invasive method(非侵入性方 法) 2.neuroscience 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：神经科学（研究神经系统的结构、功能和相关疾病等） 例：published in Neuro.science(发表在《神经科学》期刊) 词性转换 形容词： neuroscientific(神经科学的) 相关词：neurologist(神经学家)、neural(神经的) 高频搭配 cognitive neuroscience(认知神经科学)、brain neuroscience(脑神经科学) 3.encode 核心词性 动词(v.,高频核心)：编码；将…译成电码（或密码） 例：developed an encoded map(绘制了编码图谱) 词性转换 名词：encoding(编码；编码方式)、code(代码；密码) 反义词：decode(解码) 高频搭配 encode information(编码信息)、genetic code(遗传密码) 4.decoder 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：解码器；译码器 例：the decoder generated sentences(解码器生成句子) 词性转换 动词：decode(解码；破译) 相关词：encoder(编码器) 高频搭配 brain signal decoder(脑信号解码器)、digital decoder(数字解码器) 5 5.proactively 核心词性 副词(adv.,高频核心)：积极主动地；先发制人地 例：policymakers should proactively address(政策制定者应主动解决) 词性转换 形容词：proactive(积极主动的；先发制人的) 反义词：reactive(被动的) 高频搭配 act proactively(积极主动行动)、proactive approach(积极主动的方法) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：39-42CDCB 39.C (The advance in brain-decoding technology.) 考点：主旨大意题 语境：文章开头点明科学家”在那方面又迈出了一步”，后续详细描述利用MRI和LLMs进行 脑解码的研究过程、发现及潜在影响。核心围绕”脑部解码技术的进展”展开。 辨析：A仅提及扫描仪原理，非主旨；B强调GPT影响，而研究重点是技术本身而非影响：D 聚焦语言模型突破，文章是将LLMs作为脑解码工具，主体是脑解码技术进步。 40.D (They used brain activity patterns to read the subjects'mind.) 考点：细节理解题 语境：文中明确提到"the team worked backward..They recorded the fMRI activity..Using a combination of the patterns previously encoded...the researchers attempted to translate this new brain activity”,即利用之前编码的脑活动模式来解读新的脑活动，也就是读取受试者的想 法。 辨析：A仅说输入脑活动数据，未体现”反向”利用模式解码；B是前期编码步骤，非”wok backward'”过程；C评估思维能力与原文"translate brain activity”不符。 41.C (The decoder required willing participation.) 考点：细节理解题 语境：第四段明确指出”a person had to voluntarily cooperate for the decoder to identify ideas. If a person wasn't paying attention.the decoder couldn't pick that story up”,说明解码器需 要受试者自愿配合。 辨析：A”如预期般工作”与原文”shocked and impressed that this worked as well as it does'”(超 出预期)不符；B”能准确获取措辞”与”many of the sentences it produced were inaccurate”矛 盾；D”适用于不同人”与”Each decoder was quite personalized and worked only for the person” 相反。 42.B (Establish proper regulations.) 考点：推理判断题 语境：最后一段提到"policymakers should proactively address how it can be legally used"we'll have a regulatory foundation in place”,团队强调需建立法律基础，防止未经允许解码大脑，可 推断下一步会推动建立适当法规。 辨析：A”个性化技术”是已发现的特点，非下一步行动；C”跨领域应用”未提及；D”突破技 6 术限制”虽为可能方向，但文章重点强调隐私和监管问题，政策法规是团队明确提出需优先解决 的。