阅读理解72-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解专项训练72 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约450词) 。 核心知识点：科普知识、说明文、考古发现 ·考查重点：段落目的、词义猜测、细节理解、主旨大意 材料剖析 ·第一段：通过列举古生物化石发现引出古生物学，强调化石的直接证据作用 ·第二段：提出核心观点一新闻标题低估了古生物学的真正价值，其意义在于揭示地球生 命的宏大历史 ·第三段：阐述古生物学对现代气候变化的独特贡献 。第四段：说明古生物学对人类思想的根本贡献 。第五段：指出古生物学家了解生态系统恢复所需时间 ·第六段：总结古生物学对当前挑战的独特视角 阅读理解短文 Frozen in time,a 125-million-year-old mammal attacking a dinosaur.A 39-million-year-old whale,the heaviest animal that ever lived.The oldest known jellyfish,from 505 million years ago. Paleontology(古生物学)produces newsworthy discoveries.. Fossils ()moreover,provide direct evidence for the long history of life,allowing pale- ontologists to test hypotheses (about evolution with data only they provide.They allow investigation of present and past life on Earth.Flows of biological diversity,appearances of new life forms and the extinctions of long existing ones,would go undiscovered without these efforts. But the headlines over exciting new fossils greatly underestimate the true importance of paleontol- ogy.Its real significance lies in how such discoveries brighten the grand history of life on Earth. From its beginnings,more than three billion years ago,to the present day,fossils record how life adapted or disappeared in the face of major environmental challenges. Paleontologists provide us with a unique vantage on modern climate change.They play an essential role in interpreting ancient environments,in reconstructing ancient oceans,continents and climates.Fossils provide key limitation on the climate models that are essential for predicting future climate change.And the fossil record gives important insights into how life will respond to predicted future climate conditions,because these have occurred before in Earth's history. In addition,paleontology has provided a fundamental contribution to human thought:the reality of species extinction and thus of a world that has dramatically changed over time.In 2 documenting the history of life,paleontologists recognized that many extinction episodes could occur suddenly,such as the event 66 million years ago that ended the dinosaurs.The search for the causes of past mass extinctions started pioneering studies from across the scientific spectrum (科学界)，focusing on potential future threats to humanity. Not only do paleontologists know what happens to life when things go bad,they also know how long it takes for ecosystems and biodiversity to recover from these disasters,which can take far longer than modern humans have existed. Paleontologists thus provide a unique perspective on the nature and future long-term ecolog- ical impact of the current human-produced biodiversity crisis,the so-called Sixth Extinction,and therefore the importance of protecting modern biodiversity.The very concept of a Sixth Extinction would not exist without paleontologists documenting the first five. Paleontologists know that understanding life's past is critical to anticipating and adapting to life's and humanity's future.Paleontology is important because it brings its unique and critical perspective to current challenges in climate change,biodiversity loss and the environment.Paleon- tologists can predict the future because they know the past. 题目列表 1.The first two paragraphs are written to A.describe an event B.raise a question C.present an opinion D.make a comparison 2.What does the underlined word "vantage"in Paragraph 3 mean? A.A positive effect. B.A valuable suggestion. C.A quick decision. D.A comprehensive view. 3.Which of the following would the author agree with? A.Ecological recovery takes shorter than imagined. B.Past lessons can help to predict the future threats. C.Paleontologists can handle the biodiversity crisis. D.Fossil studies focus on the causes of mass extinctions. 4.What's the best title for the passage? A.Paleontology:A Pioneering Study B.Paleontology:A History Recorder C.Paleontology Tells More About Nature Than Humans D.Paleontology Is Far More Than New Fossil Discoveries 3 核心词汇详解 1.paleontology 核心词性 名词（，高频核心)：古生物学，研究古代生物及其化石的学科 例：Paleontology produces newsworthy discoveries..（古生物学产生有新闻价 值的发现) 词性转换 名词：paleontologist(古生物学家) 例：Paleontologists provide us with a unique vantage..（古生物学家为我们提 供了独特的视角) 高频搭配 the importance of paleontology(古生物学的重要性)、paleontology studies (古生物学研究) 2.fossil 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：化石，指古代生物遗体、遗物或遗迹 例：Fossils provide direct evidence.（化石提供直接证据) 词性转换 形容词：fossil(化石的；陈旧的) 例：fossil fuels(化石燃料) 高频搭配 fossil record(化石记录)、fossil evidence(化石证据)、ancient fossils(古代 化石) 3.extinction 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：灭绝；消亡，指物种或事物的彻底消失 例：the ertinctions of long eristing ones(长期存在物种的灭绝) 词性转换 动词：extinct(灭绝的；绝种的) 例：extinct species(灭绝的物种) 高频搭配 species extinction(物种灭绝)、mass extinction(大规模灭绝)、risk of extinction(灭绝风险) 4.hypothesis 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：假设；假说，指基于有限证据提出的推测 例：test hypotheses about evolution(验证关于进化的假设) 词性转换 动词：hypothesize(假设；假定) 例：Scientists hypothesize that...（科学家假设…) 高频搭配 put forward a hypothesis(提出假设)、test a hypothesis(验证假设)、evo lutionary hypothesis(进化假说) 4 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：27-30CDBD 1.C (present an opinion) 考点：段落写作目的 语境逻辑：第一段列举古生物学的新闻性发现（如1.25亿年前的哺乳动物攻击恐龙化石等），第 二段开头指出”化石提供了生命史的直接证据”，随后以”bt”转折强调”头条新闻极大低估了 古生物学的真正重要性，其意义在于照亮地球生命的宏伟历史”。可见前两段通过铺垫引出”古 生物学的价值远超化石发现”这一核心观点。 选项辨析：A.describe an event(描述事件)仅涵盖第一段现象，未体现第二段观点；B.raise a question(提出问题)文中无疑问句；C.present an opinion(呈现观点)符合”先举例再转折 提出核心看法”的结构；D.make a comparison(作比较)文中未对比不同事物。 2.D (A comprehensive view) 考点：词义猜测 语境逻辑：第三段提到古生物学家”在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥重要 作用”化石为气候模型提供关键限制”化石记录为生命如何应对未来气候条件提供见解”，可 见古生物学家对现代气候变化有”全面的视角”。 选项辨析：A.A positive effect(积极影响)；B.A valuable suggestion(有价值的建议)：C.A quick decision(快速决定)均不符合”多维度分析”的语境；D.A comprehensive view(全面的 观点)与"interpreting..reconstructing.providing insights'”等多方面研究内容呼应。 3.B (Past lessons can help to predict the future threats) 考点：细节理解 语境逻辑：第五段提到”对过去大灭绝原因的研究开创了跨科学研究，聚焦人类未来潜在威胁”， 第六段”古生物学家知道生态系统恢复所需时间”，第七段”古生物学为当前生物多样性危机提 供独特视角”，最后一段”了解过去对预测未来至关重要”。可见作者认为过去的经验可帮助预测 未来威胁。 选项辨析：A.Ecological recovery takes shorter than imagined(生态恢复比想象中快)与第六 段”恢复时间远超人类存在时间”矛盾；C.Paleontologists can handle the biodiversity crisis(古 生物学家能处理危机)文中仅说提供视角，未提”处理”；D.Fossil studies focus on the causes of mass extinctions(化石研究聚焦大灭绝原因)与第二段”检验进化假设”、第三段”气候研究” 等多领域研究不符。 4.D (Paleontology Is Far More Than New Fossil Discoveries) 考点：主旨大意 语境逻辑：第二段以”bt”引出核心观点”头条新闻低估了古生物学的真正重要性”，随后从气 候研究、生物多样性、人类思想贡献等方面阐述其超越化石发现的价值，最后一段总结”古生物 学的重要性在于对当前挑战的独特视角”。 选项辨析：A.Paleontology:A Pioneering Study(开创性研究)仅体现第五段”开创跨科学研 究”，片面；B.Paleontology:A History Recorder(历史记录者)仅涵盖第二段”记录生命史”， 未体现对未来的作用；C.Paleontology Tells More About Nature Than Humans(更多关于自然 而非人类)与第七段”对人类活动导致的第六次灭绝的研究”矛盾：D.Paleontology Is Far More Than New Fossil Discoveries(古生物学远不止新化石发现)呼应全文”超越化石发现，具有多 5 方面重要意义”的主旨。