阅读理解68-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选68 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解（议论文，约550词） 。核心知识点：人工智能、科技伦理、社会发展 ·考查重点：细节理解、写作手法、主旨大意、推理判断 材料剖析 。文章结构：引出A1重要性→解释A虹核心原理→论述积极潜力→分析伦理挑战→ 提出应对方案→总结平衡观点 论证方式：双面论证（潜力与挑战并重），层层递进，举例说明 阅读理解短文 In the annals of human history,few subjects have generated as much excitement,debate, and guess as artificial intelligence(AI).This revolutionary technology,which enables machines to perform tasks that once required human intelligence,has the potential to transform every part of our society,from healthcare and finance to transportation and entertainment. At its heart,AI is all about data.Massive amounts of data are fed into algorithms that learn from this data,allowing them to make predictions,recognize patterns,and even make decisions. This "machine learning"is the driving force behind many of the AI applications we see today, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to more advanced systems like IBM's Watson,which can analyze vast amounts of information to assist doctors in diagnosing diseases. The transformative potential of AI is undeniable.In the medical field,for instance,AI can assist in early detection of diseases,predict patient outcomes,and even suggest treatment options. In finance,algorithms can predict stock market trends,and provide personalized financial advice. In transportation,self-driving cars equipped with AI systems promise to reduce accidents,ease traffic jams,and transform urban landscapes. However,with great potential comes great responsibility.The rise of AI has caused debates about is ethical implications(道德含义).The machines are only as good as the data they are fed, and there's a growing concern about biases (being built into AI systems.For instance,facial recognition technologies,used in everything from unlocking phones to police monitoring cameras, have come under check for misidentifying individuals based on race or gender. Moreover,the widespread adoption of AI could lead to significant job displacement.While new roles and industries might emerge as a result of AI,it is not sure that these will pay off the jobs lost.This could increase income inequalities and causes difficulties to social systems. 2 Another major concern is the "black box"nature of AI.Many AI systems operate in ways that even their creators don't fully understand.This can be problematic,especially in critical applications like healthcare or criminal justice where understanding the logic behind a decision is important. Then there's the potential for Al to be weaponized.In the hands of evil actors.AI could be used to spread misinformation,control public opinion,or even engage in internet warfare.The global community must come together to set standards and regulations to prevent such misuse. On the brighter side,many experts believe that by setting the right frameworks and investing in education and retraining,we can use the power of AI for the greater good.By fostering )a culture of continuous learning and staying abreast(f排的，并肩的)of technological advancements, society can benefit from the promise of AI while avoiding its potential dangers. In conclusion,artificial intelligence stands as one of the most profound inventions of our time. While it offers vast opportunities,it also poses significant challenges that we,as a society,must welcome.As we stand at this technological crossroads,our choices will determine whether AI serves as a benefit or a harm for humanity. 题目列表 1.Which of the following best describes the method by which machines acquire the capability to perform tasks that traditionally required human intelligence? A.By programming predefined rules. B.Through user interactions every day. C.By ingesting and processing vast amounts of data D.Via regular software updates from developers. 2.In the context of the article,how does the author primarily demonstrate the effect of artificial intelligence? A.By citing numerous statistical data. B.By presenting both the positive potential and the challenges of AI. C.Through personal experiences. D.By focusing on the negative effects of AI. 3.Which of the following is the best title? A.The Rise of Virtual Assistants:Siri and Alexa B.Understanding the Mechanisms Behind AI Algorithms C.Artificial Intelligence:Charting the Course for Tomorrow's Tech D.Balancing the Potential and challenges of AI in Modern Society 4.What can we learn from the passage? A.AI has already replaced most human jobs and is the leading cause of unemployment. B.The global community has taken measures to prevent AI misuse. C.The operation of many AI systems is easily understood by their creators. D.The solving to the dilemma brought by AI needs collective efforts of our society. 3 核心词汇详解 1.annals 核心词性 名词（，高频核心)：编年史；历史记载（尤指对重要事件的系统记录) 常用搭配：the annals of history（历史记载)、medical annals(医学年报) 高频搭配 in the annals of...(在…的历史中)、historical annals（历史编年) 易混辨析 annals vs chronicles:前者侧重”系统性记录”，后者泛指”编年史” 2.revolutionary 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：革命性的；彻底变革的（强调重大改变） 常用搭配：revolutionary technology(革命性技术)、revolutionary ideas(革 命性思想) 词性转换 名词：revolution(革命；彻底变革)、revolutionary(革命者) 例：the Industrial Revolution(工业革命) 高频搭配 revolutionary change(革命性变化)、scientific revolution(科学革命) 3.algorithm 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：算法（计算机解决问题的步骤和规则） 常用搭配：machine learning algorithms(机器学习算法)、search algorithm (搜索算法) 高频搭配 complex algorithm(复杂算法)、algorithm design(算法设计) 易混辨析 algorithm vs program:前者”数学计算步骤”，后者”完整计算机程序” 4.diagnose 核心词性 动词(v.,高频核心)：诊断（疾病）；判断问题原因 常用搭配：diagnose a disease(诊断疾病)、diagnose the problem(找出问 题) 词性转换 名词：diagnosis(诊断结果)、形容词：diagnostic(诊断的) 例：make a diagnosis(做出诊断) 高频搭配 early diagnosis(早期诊断)、medical diagnosis(医学诊断) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34CBDD 4 1.C (By ingesting and processing vast amounts of data) 考点：细节理解题 语境：文章第二段明确指出”At its heart,.AI is all about data.Massive amounts of data are fed into algorithms that learn from this data.”,说明机器获取智能的核心是通过摄入和处理大量 数据。 辨析：A选项”预定义规则编程”未提及：B选项”日常用户交互”非主要方式；D选项”开发 者软件更新”与原文无关。只有C符合”数据驱动学习”的核心逻辑。 2.B (By presenting both the positive potential and the challenges of AI) 考点：写作手法题 语境：文章第三段论述AI在医疗、金融、交通等领域的"transformative potential'”,第四段至 第七段转而讨论伦理偏见、就业替代、黑箱问题等”challenges”,整体呈现”积极潜力+挑战” 的双面结构。 辨析：A选项”统计数据”未出现；C选项”个人经历”无涉及；D选项”仅关注负面影响”与 原文”On the brighter side”等积极论述矛盾。B选项准确概括了作者的论证方式。 3.D(Balancing the Potential and challenges of AI in Modern Society) 考点：主旨大意题 语境：文章开篇引入AI的重要性，中间部分平衡论述其"vast opportunities'”与”significant chal-- lenges'”,结尾强调”our choices will determine whether AI serves as a benefit or a harm”,核心 是AI的潜力与挑战的平衡。 辨析：A选项”虚拟助手”仅为举例；B选项”算法机制”属细节内容；C选项”未来科技道路 未突出”挑战”维度。D选项”平衡AI的潜力与挑战”最贴合全文主旨。 4.D(The solving to the dilemma brought by AI needs collective efforts of our society) 考点：推理判断题 语境：文章第八段提到"the global community must come together to set standards”,第九段指 出"we,as a society,must welcome'”挑战，结尾强调”our choices will determine.”,可知AI困 境的解决需要社会集体努力。 辨析：A选项”已取代大部分工作”与原文”could lead to significant job displacement”(潜在可 能性)不符；B选项”已采取措施”与”must come together to set standards”(尚未实现)矛盾； C选项”容易被创造者理解”与black box nature..even their creators don't fully understand' 相反。D选项符合”社会集体行动”的核心观点。