内容正文:
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阅读理解-阅读单选65
试题基本信息
。题型:阅读理解-阅读单选(约310词)
。核心知识点:环境保护、应用文
·考查重点:细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断
材料剖析
。文章结构:应用文,介绍“Clean&Green”家庭回收倡议
·内容线索:引出倡议目标→介绍回收类型及处理要求→阐述有效回收步骤→列出注
意事项→说明回收益处→呼吁加入倡议
·考查意图:通过指南内容考查学生对环保知识的理解及信息提取能力
阅读理解短文
Guide to“Clean&Green”Home Recycling
Welcome to the“Clean&Green”home recycling initiative(倡议)!Our goal is to assist
households in reducing their environmental footprint by providing step-by-step instructions on
effective recycling practices.
Understanding Recycling Types
Every city has its own recycling standards,but the followings are generally universal:
Plastics:These include bottles,containers,and other packaging materials.Always clean
plastics before recycling to avoid pollution.
Paper:Newspapers,magazines,and cardboard are recyclable.However,soiled or wet paper
should be discarded as regular waste.
Glass:Bottles and jars of all colors can be recycled.Ensure they are free of food waste.
Metals:Common recyclables are aluminum cans and tin foil )Remove any food waste
before disposal(处理).
Steps for Effective Home Recycling
Collection:Use separate bins for each type.Mark containers to avoid confusion ()
Preparation:As mentioned above,clean the items.This prevents waste and increases the
recyclability of the materials.
Storage:Avoid overfilling recycling bins.Overpacked bins might lead to improper sorting at
recycling facilities.
Drop-Off:If your city doesn't offer roadside pickup,locate your nearest recycling drop-off
point.
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Stay Informed:Recycling guidelines can change.Regularly check city websites for "Clean
&Green”updates.
Recycling DOs and DON'Ts
DO encourage neighbors and friends to adopt recycling habits.
DON'T mix different types in one bin.
DO invest in composting if possible;it's another great way to reduce waste.
DON'T recycle dangerous or electronic waste with regular recyclables.Ask your city for
proper disposal methods.
Benefits of Recycling:
Reduces landfill(垃圾填埋)waste.
Conserves natural resources and energy.
Prevents pollution by reducing the need for raw materials(原材料).
Supports public health by minimizing exposure to harmful things.
Join the "Clean Green"initiative today and play your part in creating a bright future for
the next generations!
题目选项列表
21.Which of the following materials needs to be cleaned before recycling?
A.Paper B.Plastics C.Metals D.Glass
22.According to the guide,what is the primary goal of the "Clean Green"initiative?
A.To sell recycling bins.
B.To encourage composting(堆肥)
C.To reduce households'environmental footprints.
D.To update recycling guidelines frequently.
23.Based on the guide,which of the following statements is right?
A.Electronic waste can be recycled with regular recyclables.
B.You should mix different types in one bin to save space
C.It's important to stay updated on recycling guidelines.
D.Wet paper is preferred for recycling as it's easier to process
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核心词汇详解
1.footprint
核心词性
名词(n.,高频核心):核心含义一是“足迹;脚印”(具体含义),例footprints
in the snow(雪地里的脚印):二是“(环境)足迹”(抽象含义,高考重点),
常用搭配environmental footprint(环境足迹,指人类活动对环境的影响);
三是“(电子设备的)占地面积;空间占用”,例the footprint of the new
building(新建筑的占地面积)。
必记词性转换
动词:foot,核心含义是“步行;走”,常用搭配foot it(步行)、foot the
bi(付账,承担费用)。
名词:foot,核心含义是“脚:英尺”,常用搭配on foot(步行)、a foot tall
(一英尺高)。
高频搭配
名词footprint的搭配:environmental footprint(环境足迹)、carbon footprint
(碳足迹)、ecological footprint(生态足迹)、reduce one's environmental
footprint(减少个人环境足迹)。
易混辨析
footprint vs track:track侧重“人、动物或车辆经过留下的痕迹、轨迹”,
可指具体路径;footprint特指“脚印”或抽象的“环境足迹”,范围更窄且
含义更具体或特定。
footprint vs mark:mark含义广泛,可指“标记、痕迹、分数”等,泛
指各种印记;footprint仅指“脚印”或特定的“环境影响”,针对性更强。
2.initiative
核心词性
名词(,高频核心):核心含义一是“倡议;新方案”(高考重点,指有组织
的行动计划),常用搭配launch an initiative(发起倡议)、take the initiative
(采取主动);二是“主动性;积极性”,例show initiative(表现出主动性):
三是“公民立法提案权”(政治术语,冷门考点)。
必记词性转换
形容词:initiative,核心含义是“主动的;起始的”,例take the initiative
role(承担主动角色)。
动词:initiate,核心含义是“发起;开始;创始”,常用搭配initiate a project
(启动一个项目)、initiate sb.into sth.(使某人初步了解某事)。
高频搭配
名词initiative的搭配:launch an initiative(发起倡议)、take the initiative
to do sth.(主动做某事)、join an initiative(加入一项倡议)、community
initiative(社区倡议)、government initiative(政府倡议)。
易混辨析
initiative vs plan:plan侧重“具体的计划、方案”,强调步骤和细节;
initiative侧重“具有开创性、带动性的倡议或行动”,更强调主动性和号召
力。
initiative vs movement:movement指“大规模的社会运动或思潮”,范
围更广,参与人数多;initiative通常指有组织的、针对性的“具体倡议或项
目”,规模可大可小,但更聚焦于特定目标。
3.recyclability
核心词性
名词(,高频核心):核心含义是“可回收性;可再利用性”(环境类话题核
心词汇),例improve the recyclability of materials(提高材料的可回收性)
the recyclability of plastics(塑料的可回收性)。
必记词性转换
动词:recycle,核心含义是“回收利用;再循环”,常用搭配recycle waste
(回收废物)、recycle paper(回收纸张)。
名词:recyeling,核心含义是“回收利用;再循环过程”,例waste recycling
(废物回收)、recycling bin(回收箱)。
形容词:recyclable,.核心含义是“可回收的”,例recyclable materials(可
回收材料)、recyclable packaging(可回收包装)。
高频搭配
名词recyclability的搭配:improve recyclability(提高可回收性)、enhance
the recyclability(增强可回收性)、the recyclability of products(产品的可
回收性)、low/high recyclability(低/高可回收性)。
易混辨析
recyclability vs recycling:recycling指“回收利用的行为或过程”;recy
clability指“材料本身具有的可被回收利用的性质”,前者是动作/过程,后
者是属性。
recyclability vs reuse:reuse指“重复使用”,强调多次使用同一物品:
recyclability指“物品经过处理后可再利用的性质”,强调处理后的再利用。
4.facility
核心词性
名词(n.,高频核心):核心含义一是“设施;设备”(常用复数facilities,指公
共设施或机构内的设备),例sports facilities(体育设施)、recycling facilities
(回收设施):二是“场所;机构”(具体的地点),例research facility(研究
机构)、medical facility(医疗场所):三是“能力:技能”(正式用语,冷门
考点),例have facility in sth..(在某方面有才能)。
必记词性转换
形容词:facilitative,核心含义是“有帮助的;促进性的”,例facilitative
environment(促进性的环境).
动词:facilitate,核心含义是“促进:使便利”,常用搭配facilitate commu-
nication(促进交流)、facilitate the process(简化流程)。
高频搭配
名词facility的搭配:public facilities(公共设施)、sports facilities(体育设施)、
recycling facilities(回收设施)、medical facilities(医疗设施)、educational
facilities(教育设施)、facilities for sth.(用于…的设施)。
易混辨析
facility vs equipment:equipment指“具体的设备、装备”,多为工具或
机器;facility指“综合性的设施、场所”,包含多个设备或功能区域,范围
更广。
facility vs establishment:establishment指“已建立的机构、企业或组
织”,强调其存在和规模;facility侧重“机构或场所内的设施和功能”,更具
体。
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5.composting
核心词性
名词(.,高频核心):核心含义是“堆肥;堆肥法”(环境类话题词汇),例
household composting(家庭堆肥)、composting of food waste(食物垃圾堆
肥)
必记词性转换
动词:compost,核心含义是“将…制成堆肥”,常用搭配compost food
scraps(将食物残渣制成堆肥)。
名词:compost,核心含义是“堆肥;腐殖土”,例use compost as fertilizer
(用堆肥作肥料)。
高频搭配
名词composting的搭配:home composting(家庭堆肥)、start composting
(开始堆肥)、composting bin(堆肥箱)、organic composting(有机堆肥)、
composting process(堆肥过程)。
易混辨析
composting vs recycling:recycling指“回收利用可再加工的材料(如
塑料、纸张等)”;composting特指“将有机废物(如食物残渣、植物)制成
堆肥”,是废物处理的一种特定方式。
composting vs fertilizing:fertilizing指“施肥”,是将肥料施用于土壤;
composting是“制作堆肥”的过程,堆肥可作为肥料使用,前者是使用肥料
的动作,后者是制作肥料的过程。
6.landfill
核心词性
名词(.,高频核心):核心含义一是“垃圾填埋场:废渣埋填地”(环境类
核心词汇),例municipal landfill(城市垃圾填埋场)、landfill site(填埋场):
二是“垃圾填埋法;埋填处理”,例waste landfill(垃圾填埋处理)。
动词(v,高中略考):核心含义是“将…埋入垃圾填埋场:用垃圾填埋”,
例landfill the waste(将垃圾进行填埋处理)。
必记词性转换
名词:land,核心含义是“土地;陆地”,常用搭配on land(在陆地上)、
agricultural land(农业用地)。
名词:l,核心含义是“填满:填充”,常用搭配lin(填写)、llwith
(充满)。
高频搭配
名词landfill的搭配:landfill site(填埋场)、municipal landfill(城市垃圾
填埋场)、reduce landfill waste(减少填埋垃圾)、landfill space(填埋空间)。
易混辨析
landfill vs dump:landfill指“规范的垃圾填埋场”,有管理措施;dump
指“非正式的垃圾倾倒场”,可能无序。
landfill vs incineration:landfill是“填埋处理”,incineration是“焚烧
处理”,两种不同废物处理方式。
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答案与逐题解析
正确答案:21-23BCC
21.B(Plastics)
考点:细节理解题
语境逻辑:文中明确提到“Plastics::These include bottles,containers,.and other packaging
materials.Always clean plastics before recycling to avoid pollution.”,直接指出塑料在回收前
需要清洁。
选项辨析:A选项Paper(纸张)原文提到“soiled or wet paper should be discarded”(脏或
湿的纸张应作为普通垃圾丢弃),未提及需清洁;C选项Metals(金属)仅要求“Remove any
food waste before disposal'”(处理前清除食物残渣),未强调“清洁”;D选项Glass(玻璃)要
求“Ensure they are free of food waste”(确保无食物残渣),同样未明确使用“clean”一词。只
有B选项Plastics明确对应“clean before recycling”。
22.C (To reduce households'environmental footprints.)
考点:主旨大意题
语境逻辑:文章开头即点明“Our goal is to assist households in reducing their environmental
footprint by providing step-by-step instructions on effective recycling practices..”,直接说明
“Clean&Green”倡议的主要目标是帮助家庭减少环境足迹。
选项辨析:A选项“To sell recycling bins”(销售回收箱)文中未提及;B选项“To encourage
composting”(鼓励堆肥)是倡议中的一个具体建议(“DO invest in composting if possible”"),
并非主要目标;D选项“To update recycling guidelines frequently”(频繁更新回收指南)是
“Stay Informed”部分的内容,属于行动建议而非目标。C选项与原文“goal”完全一致。
23.C(It's important to stay updated on recycling guidelines.)
考点:细节理解题
语境逻辑:文中“Stay Informed”部分明确指出“Recycling guidelines can change..Regularly
check city websites for‘Clean&Green'updates.”,强调需要保持对回收指南的更新了解。
选项辨析:A选项“Electronic waste can be recycled with regular recyclables”与原文“DON'
T recycle dangerous or electronic waste with regular recyclables”(不要将危险或电子垃圾与普
通可回收物一起回收)相悖;B选项“You should mix different types in one bin to save space”
与“DON'T mix different types in one bin”(不要将不同类型的垃圾混在一个箱子里)直接矛
盾;D选项“Wet paper is preferred for recycling as it's easier to process'”与“soiled or wet
paper should be discarded as regular waste”(脏或湿的纸张应作为普通垃圾丢弃)相悖。只有
C选项符合原文“Regularly check.updates”的表述。