阅读理解63-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选63 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解·阅读单选 。文章长度：约450词 ·核心知识点：哲理感悟、夹叙夹议 ·考查重点：例证题、词义猜测题、段落主旨题、细节理解题 材料剖析 。文章结构：议论文体，夹叙夹议 。核心论点：学会思考就要学会质疑，质疑推动进步 ·论证方式：反面例证（亚里士多德）+个人经历佐证 ·情感发展：盲从接受→开始质疑→主动探究→确立信念 阅读理解原文 To learn to think is to learn to question.Those who don't question never truly think for them- selves.These are simple rules that have governed the advancement of science and human thought. Advancements are made when thinkers question theories and introduce new ones.Unfortunately, it is often the great and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought. Aristotle was a brilliant philosopher whose theories explained much of the natural world,often incorrectly.He was so respected by the scientific community that even 1,200 years after his death, scientists were still trying to build upon his mistakes rather than correct them. Brilliant minds can intimidate up and coming thinkers who are not confident of their abilities. They often believe they are not as good as the minds of giants such as Aristotle.leading many to accept current ideas instead of questioning them. I like many thinkers of the past,once believed in my mental weakness.I didn't question what was written on those pages.I respected them,and accepted whatever they told me.But that attitude soon changed.My mind's independence was first developed in the classroom. A 65-year-old science teacher once told me that light is a type of wave.I confidently believed that light is a wave.One day,however,I heard the German exchange student mentioned that light could be made up of particles(粒子).As the others laughed at his statement(陈述)，I started to question my beliefs. Maybe the teachers and textbooks hadn't given me the whole story.I went to the library,did some research and learned of the light-as-a-wave vs light-as-a-particle debate.I realized I had gone through life accepting only half of the story as the whole truth. 2 Each new year brought more new facts,and I had even more questions.I found myself in the library after school,trying to find my own answers to gain a more complete understanding of what I thought I already knew.Even textbooks can be challenged.I learned to question my sources,I learned to be a thinker. Questions are said to be the path to truth,and I plan to continue questioning.How many things do we know for sure today that we will question in the future?I know nothing can escape the gravity of a black hole.This knowledge may change in the next 20 years.The one thing we can control now is our openness to discovery.Questions are the tools of open minds,and open minds are the key to intellectual advancement. 题目列表 1.In the first paragraph,Aristotle is taken as an example to show that A.he is the greatest and respected philosopher of all time B.advancements are made when thinkers question theories C.great thinkers often make mistakes and then correct them D.huge influence of great thinkers may block human thought 2.What does the underlined word "intimidate"in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Frighten. B.Encourage. C.Strengthen. D.Disappoint. 3.We can conclude from the last paragraph that A.the author is not quite sure about his future B.we human beings don't dare to predict future C.the theory of black holes will be true forever D.questioning is necessary to promote advancement 4.According to the passage,the author A.determines to be a thinker and questioner B.always throws himself into the laboratory C.looks down upon great thinkers all the time D.never doubts what he has learned in the textbook 3 核心词汇详解 1.advancement 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：进步；发展（抽象概念，尤指科学、社会等领域） 常用搭配：scientific advancement(科学进步)the advancement of technology (技术的发展) 词性转换 动词：advance(前进；发展：提出观点) 形容词：advanced(先进的；高级的) 高频搭配 career advancement(职业发展)、make advancements in(在…方面取得 进展) 易混辨析 advancement vs progress:前者强调”经过努力实现的提升”，后者侧重” 持续的、逐步的进展” 2.intimidate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：恐吓；威胁；使胆怯 强调通过权力、气势等使对方感到害怕而退缩 词性转换 名词：intimidation(恐吓；威胁) 形容词：intimidating(令人胆怯的；吓人的) 高频搭配 intimidate sb.into doing sth.(恐吓某人做某事)、feel intimidated by(因 …而感到胆怯) 易混辨析 intimidate vs frighten: 前者有目的威胁使服从，后者使突然感到害怕 3.independence 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：独立；自主 强调不受他人控制或影响的状态 词性转换 形容词：independent(独立的；自主的) 高频搭配 gain independence(获得独立)、economic independence(经济独立) be independent of(独立于…；不受…影响) 易混辨析 independence vs freedom:前者强调自主决定，后者侧重自由权利 4.particle 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：粒子；微粒 物理、化学领域，如原子、分子等 高频搭配 subatomic particles(亚原子粒子)、elementary particles(基本粒子) 易混辨析 particle vs atom:前者是粒子统称，后者特指原子 4 5.debate 核心词性 名词（n,高频核心)：辩论；争论 指正式或严肃的讨论，双方交换不同观点 词性转换 动词：debate(辩论；争论) 高频搭配 a heated debate(激烈的辩论)、under debate(在讨论中) 易混辨析 debate vs discuss: 前者持不同观点正式辩论，后者为解决问题平和讨论 6.gravity 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：重力；地心引力；严重性 词性转换 形容词：grave(严重的；严肃的) 高频搭配 the force of gravity(重力)、the gravity of the situation(局势的严重性) 易混辨析 gravity vs seriousness:前者正式书面语，后者更口语化 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34DADA 1.D (huge influence of great thinkers may block human thought) 考点：例证题 解析：第一段开头提出观点”不幸的是，往往是伟大且受人尊敬的思想家最终减缓了人类思想的 进步”，随后以亚里士多德为例，说明他死后1200年，科学家仍在他的错误基础上研究而非纠 正，这正是为了证明伟大思想家的巨大影响力可能阻碍人类思想进步。 辨析：A选项仅强调亚里士多德的地位，未体现与人类思想进步的关系；B选项是开头正面观 点，而亚里士多德的例子是反面论证；C选项与原文”科学家仍在他的错误基础上研究”不符。 2.A (Frighten) 考点：词义猜测题 解析：第二段提到”新锐思想家对自己能力不自信”，”他们常常认为自己不如亚里士多德等伟 人”，导致接受现有观点而不质疑，可推断出杰出人物会让这些新锐思想家感到害怕，不敢质疑。 辨析：B选项”鼓励”、C选项”加强”均与语境相反；D选项”使失望”在文中无依据。 3.D (questioning is necessary to promote advancement) 考点：段落主旨题 解析：最后一段开头指出”问题被认为是通往真理的道路，我计划继续提问”，结尾强调”问题 是开放思想的工具，而开放思想是智力进步的关键”，整段都在论述提问对促进进步的必要性。 辨析：A、B选项并非段落重点；C选项与原文”这一知识在未来20年可能改变”相悖。 4.A (determines to be a thinker and questioner) 考点：细节理解题 解析：文中作者讲述自己从最初接受书本知识，到听到交换生观点后开始质疑，去图书馆研究， 认识到要质疑信息来源，成为思考者，最后表明”计划继续提问”，可得出作者决心成为思考者 5 和质疑者。 辨析：B选项文中未提及；C选项与原文”我尊重他们”不符；D选项与作者后来质疑课本内 容的经历相反。