阅读理解59-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读表达59 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读表达(4题，全文约390词) 。 核心知识点：科普知识阅读 ·考查重点：细节信息查找、细节归纳、逻辑判断、拓展性思维 材料剖析 ·主题：阅读小说对大脑发展的益处 。结构： 一第一段：引出问题，提出核心观点一阅读小说比看电视或玩电脑游戏更有效促进大 脑发展 一第二段：阐述阅读对词汇量提升的益处 一第三段：说明阅读对自我形象的积极影响及不常阅读的问题 一第四段：强调阅读小说对大脑发展的重要性，加入惊喜元素可提升大脑表现 一第五段：解释阅读小说对大脑积极影响的原因，大脑对不可预测事物反应更强烈 阅读理解短文 Nowadays,a lot of young people seem to spend much of their free time either watching television or playing computer games.Certainly,these things are entertaining,but they don't contribute much to developing their brains.Many believe that reading books,and especially fiction,is a much more effective way of achieving this.The most obvious benefit we get from reading a good story is a growing vocabulary.We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context.Gradually,we become more confident with complex words.In addition, we improve in other areas such as speaking and writing just by reading regularly.It has also been established that reading fiction is a good way of developing a good self-image.Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves.Besides,they may perform poorly in other subjects because they cannot read and understand the material.Most importantly,however,reading fiction helps us to develop our brains.The human brain can work well when we just do regular things,like driving or walking.However,learning expert Dr.Brian E.Walsh suggested that it can perform more effectively when an element of surprise is added,because this helps to build connections in the brain.In this respect,the positive effects of reading may be much stronger than previously thought.Recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things.This may explain why people enjoy reading fiction,which generally contains lots of unpredictable things.Reading fiction enables us to experience fresh scenarios()and 2 identify with the people we are reading about.When we mentally create the scenes,the look of the characters,the smells,and the sounds in the book,we are exercising our brain.The brain is challenged.This is a positive thing because it will continue to grow and develop if properly stimulated.The more it is used,the better it becomes. 问题列表 40.How does reading help us improve vocabulary? 41.What are the problems for people who seldom read according to the passage? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. >Reading fiction has more positive effects on our brain since fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life. 43.Apart from what are mentioned in the passage,what other benefit(s)have you gained from reading fiction? 核心词汇详解 1.entertaining 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：有趣的；娱乐的（描述事物令人愉悦的特性） 常用搭配：entertaining books(有趣的书籍)、entertaining story(引人入胜 的故事) 动词(v.,高中略考)：entertain(娱乐；使有兴趣) 例：He entertained the quests with jokes.(他用笑话逗乐容人) 词性转换 名词：entertainment(娱乐；消遣)、动词：entertain(核心) 例：entertainment industry(娱乐业)、entertain friends at home（在家招 待朋友) 高频搭配 形容词：highly entertaining(非常有趣的)、entertaining movie(有趣的电 影) 易混辨析 entertaining vs interesting:entertaining侧重“让人感到轻松愉快、有 娱乐性”；interesting侧重“引起好奇心或兴趣” 3 2.effective 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：有效的：起作用的（强调能达到预期效果） 常用搭配：effective method(有效方法)、effective solution(有效解决方案) 词性转换 名词：effect(影响；效果)、副词：effectively(有效地)、动词：affect(影 响) 例：have an effect on(对…有影响)、solve problems effectively(有效解 决问题) 高频搭配 cost-effective(性价比高的)、effective communication(有效沟通) 易混辨析 effective vs efficient: effective侧重“效果好”，efficient侧重“效率高” 3.vocabulary 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：词汇；词汇量（指个人掌握的单词总和） 常用搭配：enlarge vocabulary(扩大词汇量)、vocabulary list(词汇表) 词性转换 无直接动词形式，表达“学习词汇”用learn vocabulary 高频搭配 build up vocabulary(积累词汇)、basic vocabulary(基础词汇) 易混辨析 vocabulary vs word: vocabulary指“词汇量”，word指“单个单词” 4.context 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：上下文；语境（理解单词或句子的背景） 常用搭配：in context(在上下文中)、social context(社会背景) 词性转换 形容词：contextual(上下文的：与语境相关的) 例：contertual meaning(语境意义) 高频搭配 out of context(脱离上下文)、historical context(历史背景) 易混辨析 context vs situation:context侧重“语言或事件的上下文”，situation侧 重“具体情况” 5.self-image 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：自我形象；自我认知（个人对自己的看法和评价） 常用搭配：positive self-image(积极的自我形象)、develop a good self-image (建立良好的自我形象) 词性转换 无直接词性转换，构成方式为self(自我)+image(形象) 高频搭配 damage self--image(损害自我形象)、improve self-image(改善自我形象) 易混辨析 self-image vs self-esteem:self-image侧重“整体形象认知”，self-esteem 侧重“自尊” 6.unpredictable 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：不可预测的；难以预料的（指事情发展不确定） 常用搭配：unpredictable weather(多变的天气)、unpredictable behavior(不 可预测的行为) 词性转换 动词：predict(预测)、名词：prediction(预测)、形容词：predictable(可 预测的) 例：predict the future（预测未来)、predictable result（可预测的结果) 高频搭配 highly unpredictable(极难预测的)、unpredictable outcome(不确定的结 果) 易混辨析 unpredictable vs uncertain:unpredictable强调“无法提前预知”，un- certain强调“不确定” 7.scenarios 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：情节；场景（小说、电影中的具体情景） 常用搭配：fictional scenarios(虚构情节)、emergency scenarios(紧急情况 设想) 词性转换 名词：scene(场景；场面) 例：movie scene(电影场景) 高频搭配 possible scenarios(可能的情况)、future scenarios(未来设想) 易混辨析 scenarios vs scenes:scenarios侧重“情节发展、假设的情况”，scenes侧 重“具体的场景” 8.stimulated 核心词性 形容词(ad山j.,高频核心)：受刺激的；兴奋的（指人或事物被激发后处于活 跃状态) 例：a stimulated brain(受刺激的大脑) 动词(v.,核心)：stimulate(刺激：促进) 例：stimulate growth（促进增长) 词性转换 名词：stimulation（刺激)、动词：stimulate(核心) 高频搭配 stimulate interest(激发兴趣)、stimulate the economy(刺激经济) 易混辨析 stimulated vs excited:stimulated侧重“被激发而活跃”，excited侧重 “情绪兴奋” 6 答案与逐题解析 正确答案： 40.We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. 41.They have low opinions of themselves and may perform poorly in other subjects. 42.The false part is "fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life".Because the passage states that "recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things"and "fiction generally contains lots of unpredictable things". 43.(Possible answer)It helps me develop empathy by understanding different characters' feelings and experiences. 40.:We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. 考点：细节信息查找 语境逻辑：题目询问阅读如何帮助提升词汇量，定位到文中第二段“The most obvious benefit.. We come across new words in reading and try to understand these words through context. 解析：直接提取关键信息“come across new words..understand through context”,即为答案。 41.:They have low opinions of themselves and may perform poorly in other sub.jects. 考点：细节归纳 语境逻辑：题目问“很少阅读的人有什么问题”，定位到第三段“Non-readers or poor readers often have low opinions of themselves.Besides,they may perform poorly in other subjects because they cannot read and understand the material." 解析：原文用“Besides”连接两个问题，需整合为“low opinions of themselves”和“perform poorly in other subjects". 42.答案：The false part is”fiction shows more predictable things in our daily life”. Because the passage states that "recent research has shown that the brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things"and "fiction generally contains lots of unpredictable things". 考点：细节比对与逻辑判断 语境逻辑：题目要求找出错误部分并解释，原句中“fiction shows more predictable things'”与文 中第四段“fiction generally contains lots of unpredictable things”和“brain reacts more strongly to unpredictable than to predictable things”矛盾。 解析：错误点为“predictable things”,需根据原文“unpredictable things'”解释原因，强调研 究结论与原文细节的冲突。 43.:(Possible answer)It helps me develop empathy by understanding different characters'feelings and experiences. 考点：拓展性思维（开放题） 语境逻辑：题目要求补充文中未提及的阅读小说的好处，需结合个人经验合理发挥，如培养同 理心、拓展视野等。 6 解析：示例答案“develop empathy by understanding characters'feelings'”符合逻辑，且不与原 文重复。