阅读理解58-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选58 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选 。文章长度：约450词 ● 核心知识点：健康饮食、科普知识、说明文 。考查重点：段落主旨、词义猜测、推理判断、作者态度 材料剖析 。文章结构：研究背景→研究目的→研究过程→研究结果→专家解读→研究局限→ 总结观点 ·核心论点：不规律进餐（尤其是跳过早餐）与死亡率、心血管疾病风险存在关联 ·论证方式：基于大规模研究数据，结合专家观点，客观分析研究意义与局限 阅读理解短文 We've heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day.But,it actually might be even more important than previously thought,according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,which examined the effects of skipping meals and meal frequency as related to mortality(死亡率)and heart health. The study,which was published in August of last year,sought to find out if eating behaviors like meal frequency,meal skipping,and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality. The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours.Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31,2015. After examining participants throughout the years,researchers found that certain eating be- haviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death.Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality,and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality.Lastly,the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart)was also linked to all-cause premature death. So,what does this mean for the average person?"At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (health,"explains Keri Gans,author of The Small Change Diet,"and breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk,such as fiber and vitamins"."If by eliminating meals they are 3 missing out on important nutrients their body needs,then long term that can be harmful to their health,"leads to a "higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease,"she says. While this study was large and comprehensive in many ways,there are also many limitations. It was mostly based on a 24-hour,self-reported dietary recall,"which may not always be the best method for dietary assessment,"explains Gans."The participants may not accurately recall what they ate or honestly report it leading to the potential of misinformation."Researchers noted that it was impossible to consider the role of sleep in the relationship between food and mortality,as well as a host of other unmeasured factors. The bottom line is that while these findings about the relationships between meal skipping and mortality are important,there are a lot more factors that go into premature death. 题目选项列表 1.What are mainly discussed in Paragraphs 3 and 4? (a)Research process and findings (b)The cause and findings (c)Research subjects and purpose (d)The topic and significance 2.What does the underlined word"eliminating"in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? (a)Reducing. (b)Overeating. (c)Skipping. (d)Consuming. 3.What can we infer from the study? (a)Its limitations are fully taken into account in the study. (b)Consuming adequate nutrients is the key to maintain overall health. (c)The risk of all-cause premature death is unrelated to skipping dinner. (d)Researchers learned about eating behaviors by observing the participants. 4.What is the author's attitude towards skipping breakfast? (a)Favorable. (b)Unconcerned. (c)Skeptical. (d)Disapproving. 4 核心词汇详解 mortality 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义是”死亡率”，常用搭配infant mortality（婴 儿死亡率)、mortality rate(死亡率)；也可指”生命的有限性；必死性”，例 the mortality of all living things(万物的必死性). 词性转换 形容词：mortal,,核心含义是”致命的：终有一死的”，高考常用搭配mortal wound(致命伤)、mortal beings(凡人)。 副词：mortally,核心含义是”致命地；非常”，例mortally injured(受致 命伤)、mortally afraid(非常害怕)。 高频搭配 名词mortality的搭配：all-cause mortality(全因死亡率)、cardiovascular mortality(心血管疾病死亡率)、premature mortality(过早死亡率)、reduce mortality(降低死亡率)。 易混辨析 mortality vs morality:mortality意为”死亡率；必死性”，词根为mort (死亡)；morality意为”道德；道德准则”，词根为moral(道德的)，二者音 近但意义完全不同。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34ACBD 1.A (Research process and findings) 考点：段落主旨概括 语境：第3段介绍了研究对象(24,011名40岁及以上成年人)、研究周期(1999-2014年)、数 据收集方式（自我报告饮食habits、追踪死亡记录至2015年），即研究过程；第4段明确指 出”researchers found that.”,阐述了不吃早餐、每天仅吃一餐等行为与死亡率的关联，即研究 结果。 辨析：B项”原因和发现”未提及原因；C项”研究对象和目的”仅对应部分内容，缺少结果； D项”主题和意义”不符合段落具体内容。A项涵盖”过程十结果”，准确概括两段主旨。 2.C (Skipping) 考点：词义猜测 语境：前文提到”skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk.”"If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients”,其中”eliminating meals'”与'"missing out on nu- trients'”逻辑一致，且呼应前文”skipping meals'”的核心话题。 辨析：A项”减少”、B项”暴饮暴食”、D项”消耗”均与”错过重要营养”无直接关联；C项” 跳过(meals)”与”skipping meals”同义，符合语境”不吃饭导致营养缺失”。 3.B(Consuming adequate nutrients is the key to maintain overall health) 考点：推理判断 语境：第5段Keri Gans指出"an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal health""If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients..long term that 5 can be harmful'”,强调满足营养需求对健康的重要性。 辨析：A项”研究充分考虑了局限性”与原文第6段”there are also many limitations”矛盾；C项 全因早死风险与不吃晚餐无关”与第4段”skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an increased risk of all--cause mortality'”相悖；D项”通过观察参与者了解饮食行为”与第3段”self-reported their eating habits'”不符。B项符合”满足营养需求→维持健康”的逻辑。 4.D (Disapproving) 考点：作者态度推断 语境：第I段提出"breakfast is the most important meal..even more important than previously thought'”,第4段明确”skipping breakfast was linked to an increased risk of CVD mortality'”, 第5段引用专家观点强调不吃早餐导致营养缺失的危害。全文围绕”不吃早餐增加健康风险”展 开，隐含不赞成态度。 辨析：A项”支持的”、B项”不关心的”、C项”怀疑的”均与”早餐重要性十不吃早餐风险” 的论述不符；D项”不赞成的”符合作者对”不吃早餐”的负面评价。