阅读理解53-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选53 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（4题，全文约490词) 核心知识点：议论文、人工智能 ·考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意 材料剖析 ·文章结构：引出AI发展担忧→呈现AI积极应用与争议→分析AI现状与未来→提 出理性审视AI视角→从“创造”角度重新定义AI价值 感情发展线索：担忧风险→积极应用与争议并存→客观分析可能性→批评过度焦虑 →强调人类掌控与塑造 阅读理解短文 Let's start with the end.If you know anything about the state of artificial intelligence,it' s that many of the people advancing the technology are seriously worried about the technology they're advancing.Two statements stand out.The first followed the release of the company Open AI's ChatGPT-4,calling for a six-month pause on any AI system going beyond GPT's capabilities.The signatories(签署者)asked:“Should we develop nonhuman minds that might eventually outnumber,outsmart,and replace us?"The second statement,issued in May,2023, signed by nearly all the major AI company CEOs and most of the top AI research scientists,was just 22 words long:"Mitigating (the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks like pandemics and nuclear war.So,who's excited for AI?I am?Maybe?AI tools are helping the speechless speak and reducing energy consumption largely. There are brilliant people who say this is kid stuff.Soon everyone will have a customized knowledge assistant.The removal of loneliness is coming.Other equally brilliant people go straight to the other direction.Their imagination covers everything from an AI-manufactured extinction-level virus to societal destruction as jobs disappear and inequality becomes permanent.OpenAI's product launch made jaws drop.The tech is moving fast,but its impact will arrive in waves.We've already seen slight decrease in ChatGPT usage.That hardly means chatbots are doomed(注定失败的)or AI is a craze.Only that it's early.It will take time to understand how people adapt to these new tools. That time should not be wasted.The processors will keep processing-and we need to get ready. Because however far-fetched the idea of an artificial general intelligence-meaning an autonomous system that one day goes beyond human abilities-it's not impossible.We can also look out for the many ways AI tools can help us fix the hard problems humanity simply hasn't been able to 3 solve.That's the goal here,in this space,to examine AI in a slightly less anxiety-stricken way.The story so far has been told by geniuses with mixed motives and terrible emotional intelligence.It' s really no surprise that they're also lousy storytellers.Who starts with extinction?Let's begin again,this time with creation.All of the software we've ever used was engineered to work backward from an outcome.Its creators wanted to help you find a webpage or play a game.Perhaps you' ve noticed that the major Al chatbots arrived with almost no user documentation or instructions That's what makes this moment unique.We humans have created a tool for potentially infinite tasks.Its imperfections are ours to solve-and its powers still ours to shape. 题目选项列表 41.What can we learn from the two statements? A.The potential of AI is cause for concern. B.AI advancement deserves a global priority C.The risk AI brings is impossible to control. D.AI is a common interest of whoever develops it. 42.As for AI,which would the author agree with? A.It is unlikely to go beyond human abilities. B.It may be applied to handle climate change. C.It is misused by geniuses with bad motives. D.It will gradually move towards imperfection. 43.What does the underlined word "lousy"in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Awful. B.Gifted. C.Unexpected. D.Experienced. 44.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.AI Is Humans'Doomed Enemy B.AI Is on the Road to Destruction C.Are We Aware of the Risks from AI? D.Do We Hate AI for All the Right Reasons? 4 核心词汇详解 1.extinction 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：灭绝；绝种（生物学术语，指物种永久消失）：消亡： 破灭（抽象概念，指某种事物或观念的彻底消失） 常用搭配：mass extinction(大规模灭绝)、the extinction of hope(希望的 破灭) 动词(v.,延伸)：extinguish(熄灭；扑灭；使破灭) 例：extinguish a fire(灭火)、extinguish all hope(使所有希望破灭) 词性转换 动词：extinguish(核心)、形容词：extinct(已灭绝的；绝种的) 例：extinct species（灭绝物种)、extinct volcano(死火山) 高频搭配 名词：risk of extinction(灭绝风险)、avoid extinction(避免灭绝)、lead to extinction(导致灭绝) 易混辨析 extinction vs death:前者侧重“物种、家族或抽象事物的彻底消失，永 久性”；后者侧重“个体生命的终结” extinction vs disappearance:前者强调“不可逆转的永久消失”；后者侧 重“暂时或永久的不见，不一定是彻底消亡” 2.mitigating 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：减轻；缓解；缓和（问题、风险、影响等） 常用搭配：mitigating factors(缓解因素)、mitigating measures(缓解措施) 名词(n.,延伸)：mitigation(减轻：缓解) 例：disaster mitigation(灾害缓解)、risk mitigation(风险缓解) 词性转换 名词：mitigation(核心)、形容词：mitigatory(减轻的；缓解的) 例：mitigatory effects(缓解效果) 高频搭配 动词：mitigating the impact(减轻影响)、mitigating risks(降低风险)、 mitigating suffering(减轻痛苦) 易混辨析 mitigating vs reducing:前者侧重“使严重程度降低，缓和负面影响”；后 者侧重“数量、尺寸、程度等的减少” mitigating vs alleviating:前者更正式，多用于法律、灾害等严肃语境； 后者侧重“减轻痛苦、负担等，改善感受” 5 3.far-fetched 核心词性 形容词（dj.,高频核心)：牵强的：难以置信的；不切实际的（指想法、故 事等脱离现实) 常用搭配：far-fetched idea(牵强的想法)、far-fetched story（难以置信的故 事) 词性转换 无高频词性转换，主要掌握形容词本身用法 高频搭配 seem far-fetched(似乎牵强)、sound far-fetched(听起来难以置信)、far- fetched theory(不切实际的理论) 易混辨析 far-fetched vs unrealistic:前者侧重“想法或故事等因过于离奇、缺乏依 据而难以令人相信”；后者侧重“不符合现实情况，不切实际，无法实现” far-fetched vs absurd:前者程度较轻，指“牵强但尚有一定可能性”；后 者侧重“荒谬的：荒唐的”，完全不合逻辑 4.customized 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：定制的；个性化的（根据个人需求或偏好特制的） 常用搭配：customized service(定制服务)、customized products(定制产 品) 动词(v.,延伸)：customize(定制；按客户要求改造) 例：customi2esth.for sb.(为某人定制某物) 词性转换 动词：customize（核心)、名词：customization(定制；个性化) 例：product cu.stomization(产品定制) 高频搭配 customized experience(个性化体验)、customized solution(定制解决方案)、 customized design(定制设计) 易混辨析 customized vs personal:前者侧重“根据特定需求专门制作，强调‘量 身定制’”：后者侧重“个人的；私人的”，不一定是定制 customized vs unique:前者强调“为特定对象定制，具有针对性”；后者 侧重“独一无二的：独特的”，不一定与定制相关 6 5.autonomous 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：自治的：有自治权的（国家、地区等）；自主的： 独立的（指能够自我管理、不受他人控制） 常用搭配：autonomous region(自治区)、autonomous system(自主系统) 名词(n.,延伸)：autonomy(自治；自主权；自主性) 例：academic autonomy(学术自主权)、personal autonomy(个人自主权) 词性转换 名词：autonomy(核心)、副词：autonomously(自治地；自主地) 例：act autonomously(自主行动) 高频搭配 autonomous vehicle(自动驾驶汽车)、autonomous decision（自主决策)、 autonomous organization（自治组织) 易混辨析 autonomous vs independent:前者侧重“在一定范围内有自我管理的权 力，尤其指政治或组织上的自治”：后者侧重“不依赖他人，经济、思想等方 面独立” autonomous vs self--governing:两者近义，前者更正式，多用于官方或 学术语境：后者更口语化，强调“自我管理”的动作 6.anxiety-stricken 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：极度焦虑的；忧心忡忡的（指人因焦虑而痛苦） 常用搭配：anxiety-stricken people(焦虑的人)、feel anxiety-stricken(感到 极度焦虑) 名词(n.,延伸)：anxiety(焦虑；忧虑) 例：an.riety about/,over sth.(对某事的焦虑) 词性转换 名词：anxiety(核心)、形容词：anxious(焦虑的；渴望的)、副词：anxiously (焦虑地：不安地) 例：be anzious about（对…焦虑)、wait anxiously（焦急地等待) 高频搭配 anxiety-stricken look(焦虑的表情)、anxiety-stricken state(焦虑状态) 易混辨析 anxiety-stricken vs anxious:前者程度更深，强调“因焦虑而痛苦、备受 折磨”；后者侧重“内心不安，担心某事发生”，程度相对较轻 anxiety-.stricken vs worried:前者更书面化，情感色彩更强烈；后者侧重 “担心实际可能发生的问题”，口语中更常用 7 7.documentation 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：文件；文献资料（总称，不可数）：证明文件 常用搭配：supporting documentation(证明文件)、user documentation(用 户文档) 动词(v.,延伸)：document(记录；记载) 例：document the process(记录过程) 词性转换 动词：document(核心)、形容词：documentary(文件的；记录的) 例：documentary evidence(书面证据) 高频搭配 technical documentation(技术文档)、provide documentation(提供文件) 易混辨析 documentation vs document:前者为不可数名词，指“文件总称”；后 者为可数名词，指“具体文件” documentation vs record:前者侧重“说明性文件”；后者侧重“记录下 来的信息” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：41-44ABAD 41.A (The potential of AI is cause for concern.) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：第一段提到两份声明，第一份呼吁暂停超越GPT能力的AI系统开发，提出“是否 应发展可能超越、取代人类的非人类思维”：第二份指出“减轻A虹灭绝风险应成为全球优先事 项”。两者均强调AI带来的潜在风险引发担忧。 选项辨析：B项“AI进步值得全球优先”与原文“减轻AI风险是全球优先事项”不符：C项 “AI风险无法控制”原文未提及：D项“AI是开发者的共同兴趣”无依据。A项符合两份声明 共同表达的对AI潜力的担忧。 42.B (It may be applied to handle climate change.) 考点：推理判断题 语境逻辑：第三段提到“We can also look out for the many ways AI tools can help us fix the hard problems humanity simply hasn't been able to solve”,气候变化属于人类尚未解决的难 题，可推断作者认为AI可能用于应对此类问题。 选项辨析：A项“不可能超越人类能力”与原文“it's not impossible”矛盾；C项“被动机不 良的天才滥用”原文未提及；D项“逐渐走向不完美”与最后一段“Its imperfections are ours to solve”(不完美由我们解决)不符，作者认为AI可被完善。 43.A（Awful.) 考点：词义猜测题 语境逻辑：第四段提到“the story so far has been told by geniuses with mixed motives and terrible emotional intelligence.It's really no surprise that they're also lousy storytellers.Who starts with extinction?”,前文“terrible emotional intelligence”(糟糕的情商)暗示他们不擅长 讲故事，“lousy”应表贬义。 8 选项辨析：A.Awful(糟糕的)符合语境；B.Gifted(有天赋的)、D.Experienced(有经验的) 为褒义；C.Unexpected(意外的)无依据。 44.D (Do We Hate AI for All the Right Reasons?) 考点：主旨大意题 语境逻辑：全文先指出A虹常被以“灭绝”等负面视角讲述，随后提出应从“创造”角度理性看 待，强调A虹的不完美可解决、力量可塑造，质疑人们是否因正确理由担忧A1。 选项辨析：A项“A是人类注定的敌人”、B项“AI走向毁灭”均与作者呼吁理性看待A虹的 观点不符；C项“我们是否意识到AI风险”仅覆盖部分内容，未体现作者对过度焦虑的反思。 D项既包含对AI担忧的质疑，又呼应全文对AI多角度审视的态度。