阅读理解50-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选50 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选(3题，全文约260词) 。核心知识点：广告/布告、应用文 ·考查重点：细节理解、语境逻辑、信息筛选 材料剖析 。文本类型：科学展览活动公告（应用文） ·结构分析：活动介绍→参与资格→项目提交要求→安全规则 ·核心信息：免费参与、团队规则、提交材料、安全注意事项 阅读理解短文 Calling all future scientists and engineers!EUREKA!is hosting our annual science fair!Here' s your chance to apply your love of STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics) by creating and conducting your own scientific investigation ()Participation is free and open to all high school students!Students can either enter as an individual or as a team of no more than 3 members.Judging will be based on grade,so there will be separate prizes for different graders.If a team is composed of students from different grades,the project will be judged in the grade category of the oldest participant's grade. Project Submission All of the following must be completed by Sunday,March 9,2025: Complete the registration form (one per team). Create an electronic display poster summarising their project and email it to the science fair committee. Create a video presentation (less than 5 minutes)explaining their project to the judges,and email it to the science fair committee. Safety Rules It is important to wear proper protective gear (when necessary in addition to disposing of (waste properly when conducting a scientific investigation.We strongly recommend that guardians look up and study Safety Data Sheets for any chemicals that their students use and accept responsibility for not allowing their students to experiment with dangerous chemicals.Projects that include the dangerous components go against our safety rules,and will not be displayed or judged. Please contact EUREKA!directly to discuss if you are unsure about your project. 3 题目选项列表 1.To enter the science fair,participants need to A.form a 3-member team B.apply for STEM courses C.be high school students D.come from the same grade 2.What are participants required to do by the submission date? A.Submit their display poster. B.Fill in the registration form individually. C.Video the investigation process. D.Present their project to judges in person. 3.What will cause the project display to be cancelled? A.Getting rid of project waste improperly. B.Involving harmful chemicals in the project. C.Performing experiments without a guardian. D.Conducting investigations without protection. 核心词汇详解 1.scientific 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：科学的；关于科学的（强调符合科学原理或方法） 常用搭配：scientific investigation(科学调查，原文核心短语)、scientific method(科学方法) 派生含义：细致严谨的，例a scientific approach to problem-solving(解决 问题的严谨方法) 词性转换 名词：science(科学；理科)、scientist(科学家) 副词：scientifically(科学地；合乎科学地) 例：The theory was scientifically proven.(该理论已被科学证实) 高频搭配 scientific research(科学研究)、scientific experiment(科学实验) scientific evidence(科学证据)、scientific community(科学界) 易混辨析 scientific vs science:前者为形容词，后者为名词 scientist(科学家)拼写需重点区分 2.participation 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：参加；参与（抽象不可数名词，侧重参与的状态或行 为) 常用搭配：participation in sth.(参与某事)，例Participation in the fair is free.(原文原句) 派生考点：分享；分担（侧重共同参与过程），例participation in decision- making(参与决策) 词性转换 动词：participate(参加；参与)，不及物动词，必须搭配介词in 例：participate in the competition(参加比赛) 形容词：participating(参与的)、participatory(参与式的) 高频搭配 active participation(积极参与)、encourage participation(鼓励参与) participation rate(参与率)、free participation(免费参与，原文核心短语) 易混辨析 participation vs involvement:前者侧重正式参与，后者侧重卷入或牵连 3.registration 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：登记：注册（侧重正式记录信息的过程或结果） 常用搭配：registration form(登记表，原文核心短语)、registration fee(注 册费) 派生含义：挂号（邮件或包裹），例send a letter by registration(寄挂号信) 词性转换 动词：register(登记；注册；记录)，及物或不及物 例：register for the exam(注册考试) 形容词：registered(已登记的；注册过的) 高频搭配 complete the registration form(填写登记表，原文原句) registration process(注册流程)、registration deadline(注册截止日期) 易混辨析 registration vs enrollment:前者侧重信息登记，后者侧重入学或注册课 程 5 4.protective 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：保护的；防护的（侧重具有保护功能的） 常用搭配：protective gear(防护装备，原文核心短语)、protective measures (防护措施) 派生含义：爱保护人的（形容人时表保护欲强的），例a protective mother (爱保护孩子的母亲) 词性转换 动词：protect(保护；防护)，核心搭配protect..from/against. 例：protect eyes from sunlight（保护眼睛免受阳光伤害) 名词：protection(保护；防护)，抽象不可数名词 高频搭配 protective equipment(防护设备)、protective clothing(防护服) protective barrier(防护屏障)、protective effect(保护作用) 易混辨析 protective vs preventive:前者侧重保护功能，后者侧重预防措施 5.dispose 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：处理；处置（及物动词，常与of搭配） 常用搭配：dispose of(处理；丢弃)，原文搭配disposing of waste properly (正确处理废物) 派生含义：安排；布置（侧重规划事物的位置或顺序） 例：dispose the furniture in the room(布置房间里的家具) 词性转换 名词：disposal(处理；处置)，核心搭配waste disposal(废物处理) 形容词：disposable(一次性的：可丢弃的)，例disposable masks(一次性 口罩) 高频搭配 dispose of sth.(处理某物，原文核心短语)、dispose of waste(处理废物) dispose assets(处置资产)、at one's disposal(任某人支配) 易混辨析 dispose vs deal with:前者侧重处置具体物体，后者侧重处理抽象问题 6 6.component 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：组成部分；成分（侧重构成整体的单个部分） 常用搭配：dangerous components(危险成分，原文核心短语)，key components (关键部件) 技术语境中表：元件；组件，例electronic components(电子元件) 词性转换 动词：compose(组成；构成)，被动搭配be composed of(由…组成) 例：The team is composed of3 members.(原文原句) 名词：composition(构成：作文；作曲)，侧重整体组成结构 高频搭配 main components(主要成分)、chemical components(化学成分) system components(系统组件)、dangerous components(危险成分，原文 原句) 易混辨析 component vs ingredient:前者多指机械/抽象组成部分，后者多指食 品/配方成分 7.guardian 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：监护人（法律或正式语境中指负责保护未成年人的 人) 原文搭配：guardians look up..(监护人查阅…) 派生含义：守护者；保护者（抽象含义），例the guardian of public morals (公共道德的守护者) 词性转换 动词：guard(守卫；保护；警惕) 例：guard the door(守门) 名词：guard(守卫；警戒；警卫人员) 高频搭配 legal guardian(法定监护人)、parental guardian(父母监护人) guardian's responsibility(监护人的责任，原文隐含含义) 易混辨析 guardian vs parent:前者为法律术语，后者为家庭关系术语 8.summarise 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：总结；概括（侧重提炼要点，缩短内容） 高考写作与阅读高频，例summarise their project(总结他们的项目，原文 原句) 派生含义：概述，例The report summarises the main findings..(报告概述 了主要发现) 词性转换 名词：summary（总结；概要)，核心搭配in summary(总之) 形容词：summarised（总结性的；概括的) 高频搭配 summarise the main points(,总结要点)、briefly summarise(简要概括) 易混辨析 summarise vs conclude: 前者侧重概括内容，后者侧重得出结论 7 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-33CAB 1.C (be high school students) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：文中明确提到“Participation is free and open to all high school students!”,说明参 与者必须是高中生。 选项辨析：A.form a3-member team(原文“team of no more than3 members”表示团队最 多3人，而非必须3人)：B.apply for STEM courses(文中未提及需申请STEM课程，仅 提到应用STEM知识)；D.come from the same grade(团队可包含不同年级学生，按oldest participant年级评判)。只有C符合原文限定条件。 2.A (Submit their display poster) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：提交要求中明确列出“Create an electronic display poster,email it to the science fair committee”,且需在截止日期前完成。 选项辨析：B.Fill in the registration form individually(原文“one per team”要求每队提交一 份报名表，而非个人单独填写)；C.Video the investigation process(视频需“explaining their project”,而非记录整个调查过程)：D.Present their project to judges in person(要求提交视 频，无需亲自到场展示)。A项与原文“electronic display poster.email'”完全一致。 3.B (Involving harmful chemicals in the project) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：安全规则中明确指出“Projects that include the dangerous components..will not be displayed or judged”,harmful chemicals属于dangerous components。. 选项辨析：A.Getting rid of project waste improperly(未按规定处理废物属于需避免的行 为，但未明确说明会导致取消展示)；C.Performing experiments without a guardian(监护人 需“accept responsibility”，,但未禁止无监护人实g验)；D.Conducting investigations without protection(需“wear proper protective gear when necessary”,但未说明无保护会直接取消展 示)。只有B项“涉及危险成分”被明确列为取消展示的原因。