阅读理解49-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读表达49 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读表达（约330词） 。核心知识点：学习、方法/策略 ·考查重点：细节理解、段落主旨概括、拓展应用与语言表达 材料剖析 ·文章主题：成长型思维(growth mindset)的定义、对比、重要性及培养方法 ·结构线索：定义成长型思维→对比固定型思维→阐述重要性→提出培养步骤（迎接挑 战、重新定义失败、重视努力) 。感情基调：客观阐述、积极鼓励 阅读短文 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The growth mindset is a belief system that promotes the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed with time,effort,and devotion.These are all aspects of yourself that can grow and improve over time. According to a research,the concept of a "growth mindset"is a shift from the traditional "fixed mindset."Individuals with a fixed mindset believe their abilities are unchangeable.This can bring about self-created barriers and limit personal growth.In contrast,people with a growth mindset welcome challenges,and believe that their potential is unlimited.They understand that intelligence and skill can be developed. Developing a growth mindset is crucial because it builds toughness,promotes learning,and fuels success.It encourages you to view challenges as opportunities,improving adaptability and problem-solving skills.Having a growth mindset can transform the way you approach challenges and setbacks,leading to higher levels of achievement and satisfaction. An important step on developing a growth mindset is to welcome challenges into your life.See each challenge as a puzzle to solve,or a game to win.It's about shifting from "I can't do this"to "I can't do this,yet.Remember,growth mindset comes from stretching your abilities,stepping out of your comfort zone,and daring to do what you once thought impossible. The next step?Redefine failure.People with a growth mindset view failure as a learning experience -a stepping stone on their path to success.So,the next time you fail,analyze what went wrong,learn from it,and use that knowledge to do better next time. Even when progress seems slow,your effort isn't wasted;it's building the strength you need 2 to achieve your goals.Realizing the value of hard work and celebrating these efforts will strengthen the belief that abilities can be expanded with time and commitment. 问题列表 1.39.What is the growth mindset? 2.40.What is the disadvantage of“fixed mindset”？ 3.41.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?(About 10 words) 4.42.Speaking of language learning,how will you develop your growth mindset?(About 40 words) 核心词汇详解 1.mindset 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：思维模式；心态（指个人对事物的固定看法或认知方 式) 常用搭配：growth mindset(成长型思维)、fixed mindset(固定型思维) 例：People with a growth mindset believe in self-improvement..(有成长型思 维的人相信自我提升) 词性转换 形容词：minded(有…思想的) 例：open-ninded(思想开放的) 高频搭配 名词：positive mindset(积极心态)、change one's mindset(改变心态) 易混辨析 mindset vs attitude:前者“长期形成的思维模式”，后者“短期态度或看 法” 3 2.crucial 核心词性 形容词（adj,高频核心)：至关重要的；决定性的（强调对结果或过程的关 键影响) 常用搭配：be crucial to/for sth.(对某事至关重要) 例：Developing a growth mindset is crucial to success..(培养成长型思维对 成功至关重要) 词性转换 副词：crucially(关键地) 高频搭配 crucial role(关键作用)、crucial moment(关键时刻) 易混辨析 crucial vs important: 前者“不可或缺的”，后者“重要的”（程度较轻） 3.toughness 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：坚韧：韧性（抽象含义，指心理或性格上的抗压能 力)：坚硬：强度（具体含义，指物体的物理特性） 例：Mental toughness helps overcome challenges.(心理韧性有助于克服挑 战) 词性转换 形容词：tough(坚韧的；困难的)、动词：toughen（使坚韧) 例：a tough problem(难题)、toughen up(变得坚强) 高频搭配 emotional toughness(情绪韧性)、physical toughness(身体韧性) 易混辨析 toughness vs resilience:前者“内在坚韧”，后者“恢复力” 4.adaptability 核心词性 名词（.，高频核心)：适应性；适应能力（指对新环境、变化或挑战的适应 程度) 常用搭配：adaptability to sth.(对某事的适应能力) 例：Good adapta.bility is a key skill in modern life.（良好的适应能力是现代 生活的关键技能) 词性转换 动词：adapt(适应)、形容词：adaptable(适应性强的) 例：adapt to changes(适应变化) 高频搭配 high adaptability(高适应性)、improve adaptability(提高适应能力) 易混辨析 adaptability vs flexibility:前者“整体适应能力”，后者“灵活性” 5.setback 核心词性 名词（.，高频核心)：挫折：阻碍（指计划或进展中遇到的困难或失败） 例：career setbacks(职业挫折) 常用搭配：suffer a setback(遭遇挫折) 词性转换 动词：set back(阻碍；使受挫折) 例：The project was set back by bad weather.(项目因恶劣天气受阻) 高频搭配 major setback(重大挫折)、overcome setbacks(克服挫折) 易混辨析 setback vs failure: 前者“暂时阻碍”，后者“彻底失败” 6.potential 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：潜力；潜能（指未被开发的能力或可能性） 常用搭配：realize one's potential(实现某人的潜能) 例：Everyone has unlimited potential.(每个人都有无限潜能) 形容词(adj,高频核心)：潜在的；可能的（指存在但未显现的） 例：potential risks(潜在风险) 词性转换 副词：potentially(可能地) 高频搭配 achieve one's potential(发挥潜力)、potential success(潜在的成功) 易混辨析 potential vs ability:前者“未来可能性”，后者“现有能力” 7.commitment 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：承诺：献身（抽象含义，指对目标或事业的投入）：义 务；责任（指必须履行的职责） 常用搭配：commitment to sth.(对某事的投入) 例：a commitment to learning(对学习的投入) 词性转换 动词：commit(承诺；致力于)、形容词：committed(尽职的：坚定的) 例：commit to a goal(致力于目标) 高频搭配 long-term commitment(长期承诺)、work commitments(工作义务) 易混辨析 commitment vs dedication:前者“承诺投入”，后者“无私奉献” 5 8.devotion 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：奉献；专注（指对人、事业或目标的全身心投入） 常用搭配：devotion to sth./sb.(对某事/某人的奉献) 例：devotion to study(专注于学习) 词性转换 动词：devote(奉献：致力于)、形容词：devoted(忠诚的；专心的) 例：devote time to work(花时间工作) 高频搭配 total devotion(全心奉献)、with devotion(专注地) 易混辨析 devotion vs loyalty:前者“主动投入”，后者“忠诚不变” 9.redefine 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：重新定义：赋予新含义（指改变对事物的传统认知或 解释) 常用搭配：redefine sth.as.(将某物重新定义为…) 例：We need to redefine failure as a learning experience..(我们需要将失败 重新定义为学习经历) 词性转换 名词：redefinition(重新定义) 高频搭配 redefine success(重新定义成功)、redefine boundaries(重新定义界限) 易混辨析 redefine vs redefine:前者“彻底改变定义”，后者“调整定义” 10.barrier 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：障碍；壁垒（抽象含义，指阻碍进步或沟通的因素）： 障碍物：屏障（具体含义，指物理上的阻挡物） 例：language barriers(语言障碍) 词性转换 动词：bar(阻止；阻拦) 高频搭配 break down barriers(打破障碍)、nental barriers(心理障碍) 易混辨析 barrier vs obstacle:前者“更正式/系统性障碍”，后者“具体阻碍” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案： 39.A belief system that abilities and intelligence can be developed with time,effort,and devotion. 40.It can bring about self-created barriers and limit personal growth. 41.The importance of developing a growth mindset. 42.I'll view challenges as opportunities,learn from mistakes,keep practicing,and celebrate small progress in language learning. 6 1.39. 考点：细节理解 语境逻辑：文章首句直接定义“The growth mindset is a belief system that promotes the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed with time,effort,and devotion.”,直接提取核 心信息即可。 答案解析：答案直接引用原文关键信息，准确概括成长型思维的核心定义。 2.40 考点：细节理解 语境逻辑：第二段明确指出“Individuals with a fixed mindset..This can bring about self created barriers and limit personal growth.”,“This”指代固定型思维的特点，其后即为缺点。 答案解析：答案提取固定型思维的直接负面影响，突出其自我设障和限制成长的弊端。 3.41. 考点：段落主旨概括 语境逻辑：第三段首句“Developing a growth mindset is crucial because it builds toughness,. promotes learning,and fuels success.”为主旨句，点明该段核心是“培养成长型思维的重要性”， 后续内容均为具体阐释。 答案解析：答案用约10词精准概括段落核心，强调重要性，符合题目要求。 4.42. 考点：拓展应用与语言表达 语境逻辑：结合文章培养成长型思维的方法（欢迎挑战、重新定义失败、重视努力），联系语言 学习场景。需体现“将挑战视为机会、从错误中学习、坚持练习、庆祝进步”等要点，语言简洁 连贯。 答案解析：答案将抽象方法具体化到语言学习，通过“view challenges as opportunities”对应迎 接挑战，“learn from mistakes”对应重新定义失败，“keep practicing”对应重视努力，“celebrate small progress'”对应庆祝努力，逻辑清晰且字数符合要求。