阅读理解48-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选48 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解阅读单选 。文章长度：约410词 。核心知识点：环境保护、说明文 。考查重点：细节理解、写作目的、主台大意 材料剖析 ·文章结构：引出争议→阐述“保留派”观点→反驳“共享派”观点质疑农业集约化 →说明自然不限于保护区→提出平衡方案 。核心争议：“保留”(sparing)与“共享”(sharing)两种土地利用理念 。观点对立：Beniamin Phalan(保留派)vs Claire Kremen(共享派) 阅读理解短文 It is one of the biggest questions in environmental protection:Should we be sharing our landscapes with nature by restoring small woodlands and adopting small-size eco-friendly farming? Or should we instead be sparing large areas of land for nature-by creating more national parks and industrializing agriculture on existing farmland? The argument between 'sparing'and 'sharing'began decades ago.Leading today's argument for the sparers is the researcher Beniamin Phalan,who believes that by producing more food per unit of farm area,more land would be available for wildlife.He looked at the relationship between crop yields and the number of bird and tree species in the forests in Africa and Asia,and found that biodiversity did best where intensified cropping left space for unfarmed habitats He concluded that "most species will have larger populations if food is produced on as small an area as possible, while sparing as large an area of nature as possible." Game over?Not so fast.A leading supporter of wildlife-friendly farming,Claire Kremen of the University of California Berkeley,has come out fighting.She says that Phalan's findings "don' t assess the long-term consequences of isolating (species in protected areas.Her research shows that "even very large protected areas will lose species if they remain isolated over time."So in the long run,sparing won't spare more land for nature conservation or feed the world for ever. To avoid mass extinction and ecosystem breakdown,we must integrate biodiversity protection into the landscape we use. So,sparing or sharing?In fact,agricultural intensification won't deliver more land for nature unless there are tough rules to protect land not yet farmed.In the 19th century,more efficient 3 coal-powered engines did not reduce coal burning but massively increased it by kick-starting the industrial revolution.Following that example,the result of agricultural intensification will probably be more land to be farmed. Nature does not recognize the boundaries of national parks.Whether migrating elephants in Kenya or monarch butterflies in North America.much nature exists in human-made agricultural landscapes.Recent research suggests that simply reserving land will remove all threats to very few species -only 3 percent in fact. So the potential to share the land without giving up nature's last wild places is much greater than once thought.Like what Kremen says,"We can spare 50 percent and share the rest. 题目选项列表 1.What will the sparers probably agree with? A.Relying on birds to get rid of pests. B.Protecting insects by organic farming. C.Erasing the boundaries of national parks D.Enlarging the size of naturally growing forests. 2.Why does the author mention the coal-powered engines in Paragraph 4? .A.To analyse the consequence of the industrial revolution. B.To remind us of the possible risk of intensified cropping. C.To present an example of failure in environmental protection. D.To compare agricultural intensification with wildlife-friendly farming. 3.What is mainly talked about in the passage? A.How to quiet the argument about eco-friendly farming. B.How to balance environmental protection and agriculture. C.How to tackle the challenge of preventing ecosystem breakdown. D.How to reduce environmental damage caused by mixed agriculture. 核心词汇详解 1.intensification 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：强化；加剧（农业、环境等领域常用），例agricultural intensification(农业集约化)；增强；加强（抽象概念），例intensification of efforts(努力的加强) 词性转换 动词：intensify(强化；加剧)、形容词：intensive(密集的；强化的) 例：intens2 ve farming(集约农业) 高频搭配 名词：crop intensification(作物集约化)，process intensification(过程强化) 动词：lead to intensification(导致强化) 易混辨析 intensification vs enhancement:前者侧重“强度/程度增加”，后者侧重 “质量/价值提升” 2.biodiversity 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：生物多样性（生态保护核心术语），指一定区域内生 物种类的丰富程度，例loss of biodiversity(生物多样性丧失) 词性转换 形容词：biodiverse(生物多样性的) 例：a biodiverse ecosystem(生物多样性的生态系统) 高频搭配 biodiversity conservation(生物多样性保护)、biodiversity hotspot(生物多 样性热点) 易混辨析 biodiversity vs ecosystem:前者“物种多样性”，后者“生物与环境整体” 3.extinction 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：灭绝；消亡（物种相关），例mass extinction(大规 模灭绝)：熄灭（物理意义，较少考） 词性转换 动词：extinct(使灭绝，罕用)、形容词：extinct(灭绝的) 例：an extinct species(已灭绝的物种) 高频搭配 face extinction(面临灭绝)、extinction event(灭绝事件) 易混辨析 extinction vs disappearance:前者“永久消亡”，后者“消失（可能临 时)” 4.ecosystem 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：生态系统（生物与环境构成的整体），例ecosystem breakdown(生态系统崩溃) 词性转换 形容词：ecological(生态的) 例：ecological balance(生态平衡) 高频搭配 marine ecosystem(海洋生态系统)、ecosystem services(生态系统服务) 易混辨析 ecosystem vs environment:前者“生物群落与环境相互作用”，后者“周 围环境总体” 5 5.migrating 核心词性 动词(v.,现在分词作定语/表语)：迁徙；迁移（动物或人），例migrating elephants(迁徙的大象)；原型为migrate,名词形式migration(迁徙) 词性转换 名词：migration(迁徙)、migrant(移民；候鸟)、形容词：migratory(迁 徙的) 例：migratory birds(候鸟) 高频搭配 migrate to(迁徙到)、seasonal migration(季节性迁徙) 易混辨析 migrate vs emigrate,/immigrate:前者“动物迁徙或人口移动”，后者 “移出/移入某国” 6.integration 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：整合；融合，例integrate biodiversity protection into landscapes(将生物多样性保护融入景观)：动词形式integrate(整合) 词性转换 动词：integrate(整合)、形容词：integrated(整合的) 例：an integrated approach(综合方法) 高频搭配 economic integration(经济一体化)、integration into(融入) 易混辨析 integration vs combination:前者“深度融合形成整体”，后者“简单结 合” 7.isolated 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：孤立的：隔绝的，例isolated species(孤立的物 种)；动词形式isolate(使孤立) 词性转换 动词：isolate(使孤立)、名词：isolation(孤立) 例：social isolation(社会孤立) 高频搭配 isolated area(孤立区域)、feel isolated(感到孤立) 易混辨析 isolated vs separate:前者“被隔离开”，后者“分开的（可能自愿）” 8.reserving 核心词性 动词(v.,现在分词作定语/表语)：保留；预留，例reserving land(预留土 地)；名词形式reservation(保留地；预订) 词性转换 名词：reservation(保留；预订)、形容词：reserved(保留的；预订的) 例：a reserved seat(预留座位) 高频搭配 nature reserve(自然保护区)、make a reservation(预订) 易混辨析 reserve vs preserve: 前者“预留以备后用”，后者“保护维持原状” 6 9.boundaries 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：边界；界限（地理、抽象均可），例national park boundaries(国家公园边界)：单数形式boundary 词性转换 形容词：boundaryless(无界限的) 例：boundaryless thinking(无边界思维) 高频搭配 cross boundaries(跨越边界)、set boundaries(设定界限) 易混辨析 boundary vs border:前者“抽象或具体界限”，后者“国界/边境” 10.landscapes 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：景观；地貌（自然或人文），例agricultural landscapes (农业景观)：也可指“风景画”（较少考） 词性转换 形容词：landscape(景观的)，例landscape photography(景观摄影) 高频搭配 cultural landscape(文化 景观)、landscape design(景观设 计) 易混辨析 landscape vs scenery:前者“可数，侧重整体地貌”，后者“不可数，泛 指风景” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-33DBB 1.D(Enlarging the size of naturally growing forests.) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：根据题千“sparers probably agree with”定位到第二段。该段提到sparers的代表 人物Beniamin Phalan认为“通过提高单位农田产量，更多土地可用于野生动物”，并得出结论 "most species will have larger populations if food is produced on as small an area as possible, while sparing as large an area of nature as possible”(在尽可能小的面积上生产食物，同时保留 尽可能大的自然区域)。D项“扩大自然生长森林的面积”符合“保留自然区域”的观点。 选项辨析：A项“依靠鸟类除虫”、B项“有机农业保护昆虫”均属“sharing”(共享土地)的 观点；C项“消除国家公园边界”与sparers主张“sparing large areas of land for nature'”(划 大片土地给自然)相悖。 2.B (To remind us of the possible risk of intensified cropping.) 考点：写作目的题 语境逻辑：第四段提到“19世纪高效的燃煤发动机并未减少煤炭消耗，反而通过工业革命大规 7 模增加了煤炭使用”，随后指出“农业集约化的结果可能是更多土地被开垦”。可见作者用燃煤 发动机的例子类比农业集约化，提醒其可能导致“开垦更多土地”的风险，而非真正实现“节省 土地给自然”。 选项辨析：A项“分析工业革命的后果”偏离主旨：C项“呈现环保失败案例”以偏概全；D 项“比较农业集约化与野生动物友好型农业”未体现，举例目的是警示风险，而非对比。 3.B(How to balance environmental protection and agriculture.) 考点：主旨大意题 语境逻辑：文章开篇提出核心争议“sparing(划地保护自然)vs sharing(共享土地)”，随后分 别讨论两种观点的利弊，最终得出“spare50%and share the rest”(保留50%，共享其余)的 结论，即如何平衡环境保护与农业用地。 选项辨析：A项“平息生态友好农业的争论”非重点，文章旨在探讨解决方案而非平息争论： C项“应对生态系统崩溃的挑战”、D项“减少混合农业的环境破坏”均为局部细节，未涵盖 “sparing vs sharing”的核心矛盾及平衡策略。