阅读理解47-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选47 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选(3题，全文约370词) 。 核心知识点：科普知识、说明文 ·考查重点：细节理解、词义猜测、作者态度 材料剖析 ·文章主题：微笑的欺编性，探讨杜兴微笑(Duchenne smile)是否真正代表真实情感，以 及假微笑的积极作用。 ·结构线索：引出微笑可能误导的观点→介绍杜兴微笑及其传统认知→波士顿研究挑战 该认知→研究发现杜兴微笑可被伪造→分析假微笑的积极意义→给出实用建议。 。感情发展：质疑微笑真实性→科学验证→接受假微笑的合理性。 阅读理解短文 It's true that there's something pleasant and trustworthy about a smile-but this can be misleading.Dig a little deeper and you will find that the smile is actually one of the biggest fakes going We all put on a smile now and again to comfort our fellow humans and avoid unnecessary conflict.We all suppose,however,that a genuine smile of true enjoyment is something very different.In fact,it has been given a name:the Duchenne smile.This smile uses the muscles around the eyes to lift the cheeks,producing wrinkles around the eyes,and has long been held as an inimitable(不可仿效的)sign of true human emotion.Or at least it was until20l3,when researchers from Boston destroyed that saying. In their study,one group of volunteers were asked to reproduce smiles shown in photographs, and another group to evaluate whether the first group's smiles were genuine Some of the pho- tographs showed mouth-only smiles,but others showed smiles using both mouth and eye-muscles. Two-thirds of individuals turned out to be able to fake a supposedly genuine smile,and they were also able to do this well in their everyday lives. These findings indicate that even the supposedly genuine Duchenne smile can be convincingly simulated.So much for smiling being an inimitable sign of true human emotion.But why are some people so good at this kind of simulation?The answer isn't necessarily evil or harmful.In fact, more researches have demonstrated that you can actually smile yourself into a better mood.Fake or not,putting on a Duchenne smile may be just the medicine to fight against physical and mental difficulties 2 The smile,then,can be a false friend.People smile-or not-for all kinds of reasons beyond simply how happy they are feeling.But,as the saying goes,if you can't beat them,join them. Next time you're having your photograph taken,don'tsay“cheese”;say“cheeks'”.Saying "cheeks"will not only shape your mouth nicely,but will also remind you to squeeze your cheeks upwards into a visually satisfying,genuine-looking Duchenne smile. 题目列表 28.The Boston researchers'study proves that A.smiles don't help with communication B.not all genuine-looking smiles show true enjoyment C.the Duchenne smile can't be replaced by other expressions D.the volunteers with true smiles won't get upset easily in daily life 29.What does the underlined word "simulated"in Paragraph 4 mean? A.Adjusted.B.Spread.C.Pretended.D.Tested. 30.What is the author's attitude toward false smiles? A.Reserved.B.Hesitant.C.Accepting.D.Negative. 核心词汇详解 1.misleading 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：误导性的；令人误解的（强调信息或行为容易使 人产生错误判断) 常用搭配：misleading information(误导性信息)、misleading impression(错 误印象) 动词(v.,延伸)：mislead(误导；使误信) 例：He was misled by the advertisement..(他被广告误导了) 词性转换 动词：mislead(核心)、名词：misleader(误导者)、misleadingness(误导 性) 例：the misleadingness of the report(报告的误导性) 高频搭配 形容词：misleading statement(误导性陈述)、misleading statistics(误导性 统计数据) 动词：mislead the public(误导公众)、mislead about sth.(在某事上误导) 易混辨析 misleading vs confusing:前者侧重“导致误解”，后者侧重“使人困惑” misleading vs deceptive:前者语气较弱，可能无意；后者语气强，强调 故意欺骗 3 2.genuine 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：真诚的；真正的；名副其实的（指情感或物品真 实无伪) 常用搭配：genuine friendship(真挚的友谊)、genuine leather(真皮) 例：She genuinely cares about us..(她真心关心我们) 词性转换 副词：genuinely（真诚地)、名词：genuineness（真诚；真实性) 例：the genuineness of his apology(他道歉的真诚度) 高频搭配 genuine concern(真诚的关心)、genuine interest(真正的兴趣)、genuine article（真货) 易混辨析 genuine vs real:前者强调“非伪造”，后者侧重“客观存在” genuine vs sincere:前者可指人或物，后者主要指人“真诚的” 3.inimitable 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：不可仿效的；独一无二的（强调因独特性而无法 被复制) 常用搭配：inimitable style(独特的风格)、inimitable talent(无与伦比的天 赋) 词性转换 动词：imitate(模仿)、名词：imitation(模仿；仿制品)、副词：inimitably (独特地) 例：She sings inimitably.(她唱歌独具一格) 高频搭配 inimitable charm(独特的魅力)、inimitable way(独特的方式) 易混辨析 inimitable vs unique:前者强调“无法被模仿”，后者强调“唯一” inimitable vs unparalleled:前者侧重“无法仿效”，后者侧重“无与伦 比” 4.simulate 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：模拟：模仿：假装（指通过人工手段再现或假装某种 状态) 常用搭配：simulate the conditions of space(模拟太空环境)、simulate hap- piness(假装快乐) 词性转换 名词：simulation(模拟；仿真)、形容词：simulative(模拟的) 例：computer simulation（计算机模拟) 高频搭配 simulate a process(模拟一个过程)、simulate interest(假装感兴趣)、simulate reality(模拟现实) 易混辨析 simulate vs imitate:前者侧重“技术模拟或假装”，后者侧重“复制行为” simulate vs pretend:前者更正式，后者更口语化 5.convincingly 核心词性 副词(adv,高频核心)：令人信服地；有说服力地（强调观点或行为使人相 信) 常用搭配：argue convincingly(有说服力地争辩)、speak convincingly(说 话有说服力) 词性转换 形容词：convincing(有说服力的)、动词：convince(说服；使确信) 例：a convincing argument(有说服力的论点) 高频搭配 prove convincingly(令人信服地证明)，、act convincingly(表演得令人信服) 易混辨析 convincingly vs persuasively:前者侧重“使人相信为真”，后者侧重“使 人接受观点或行动” 6.demonstrate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：证明；证实；展示；演示；游行示威 常用搭配：demonstrate the truth of a theory(证明理论的真实性)、demon- st缸rate against(示威反对) 词性转换 名词：demonstration(证明；演示；示威)、demonstrator(演示者；示威 者) 例：a demonstration of new technology(新技术演示) 高频搭配 demonstrate one's ability(展示某人的能力)、demonstrate that.(证明… ) 易混辨析 demonstrate vs prove: 前者更强调“通过实验、演示证明”，后者更通用 demonstrate vs show:前者更正式，侧重“详细展示” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：28-30BCC 28.B (not all genuine-looking smiles show true enjoyment) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：文章第三段提到波士顿研究中，三分之二的志愿者能伪造出看似真诚的杜兴微笑 (Duchenne smile),第四段总结“这些发现表明，即使是所谓真诚的杜兴微笑也能被令人信服地 模仿”。由此可知，并非所有看起来真诚的微笑都代表真正的愉悦。 选项辨析：A项“微笑无助于沟通”与原文“我们有时会微笑来安慰他人、避免冲突”矛盾：C 项“杜兴微笑不能被其他表情替代”与研究结论“杜兴微笑可被伪造”相悖；D项“有真微笑 的志愿者日常不易沮丧”原文未提及，故B项正确。 29.C (Pretended) 考点：词义猜测题 语境逻辑：前文提到志愿者能“fake a supposedly genuine smile”(伪造看似真诚的微笑)，后文 5 用“These findings indicate'”承接，可知“simulated”与“fake”为同义替换，意为“假装，模 仿”。 选项辨析：A项“调整”、B项“传播”、D项“测试”均不符合“伪造微笑”的语境，C项“假 装”符合上下文逻辑。 30.C(Accepting） 考点：作者态度题 语境逻辑：作者在第五段提到“假微笑未必邪恶有害，甚至能改善情绪”，最后建议“如果无法 打败，就加入它们”，并给出伪造杜兴微笑的实用技巧。可见作者对假微笑持接受态度。 选项辨析：A项“保留的”、B项“犹豫的”、D项“否定的”均与作者鼓励合理使用假微笑的 态度不符，C项“接受的”正确。