阅读理解46-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选46 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选(3题，全文约380词) 核心知识点：记叙文、运动种类 ·考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、词义辨析 材料剖析 。故事发展线索：作者尝试室内攀岩→到达顶部后紧张恐惧→探究攀岩流行原因→引 用攀岩者观点解释吸引力→关注女性参与优势→受小女孩启发决定再试 ·感情发展线索：恐惧紧张→好奇探究→理解认同→受鼓舞再试 阅读理解短文 It's a Saturday morning and I'm just four metres from the ground,clinging to (a wall. I've reached the top and can't find a foothold to start back down.My heart is beating fast and my whole body is cold.I could just let go and drop to the thick,soft safety mats (below;but although I know that wouldn't hurt,somehow it seems incredible. I am here to find out why so many people are falling in love with indoor climbing.It is reported that there are over 35 million climbers worldwide,and in the UK alone the numbers are growing by 15-20%a year. So,what's the attraction?"I find it really hard not to think about work all the time,"says Paul Lennon,who has been climbing for two years."The wall is the one place where I don't even need to try to switch off.You just focus on what you're doing and it's very relaxing.There's lots of problem-solving,working out where to put your hands and feet.The mental effort distracts you from doing much else." Another thing that interests me,is the number of women in this activity."It's non-threatening, and you don't need to be a great athlete to do it."says 24-year-old Yasmine,who has been climbing for three years."I don't feel at a disadvantage,and I know some other women climbers feel like me.If a tall strong guy does the climb with a one-arm pull-up,I can do it by stretching out one of my legs and balancing on a hold.My years of gymnastics when I was at school have really helped. Although I'm short and look relatively weak compared with others,I've got a leg-up in other ways.” When I eventually unfreeze and make it back down to earth,I notice a nine-year-old girl.She seems much more mature in the decision making and team-working skills than I would normally expect from children of her age.Having learned that she has been to classes for about two years. 3 I decide to have another go! 题目选项列表 25.Reaching the top of the wall,the author feels. A.bored B.disappointed C.depressed D.frightened 26.Paul Lennon likes wall climbing because it helps him. A.build up his body B.find the meaning of life C.get away from work D.solve physical problems 27.According to Yasmine,what is her advantage in wall climbing? A.Body flexibility.B.Teamwork spirit.C.Teaching experience. D.Professional knowledge. 核心词汇详解 1.foothold 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：核心含义一是“（攀岩等的）立足处：支撑点”（具体含 义，物理空间上的支撑位置)：二是“（事业、计划等的）立足点：基础”（抽 象含义，比喻在某领域获得的初步进展或基础)，例gain a foothold in the market(在市场上获得立足点)。 必记词性转换 无高频词性转换考点（该词主要以名词形式考查，无常见衍生形容词或动 词)。 高频搭配 名词foothold的搭配：find a foothold(找到立足点)、secure a foothold(稳 固立足点)、lose foothold(失去支撑)、foothold on the wall(墙上的立足 处)。 易混辨析 foothold vs base:base侧重“基础；基地”，范围更广，可指具体的基地 或抽象的基础：foothold侧重“（狭小的）支撑点”，尤其用于攀岩、登山等 场景，或比喻意义上的初步立足点，强调“初步、狭小但关键的支撑”。 2.incredible 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义一是“难以置信的；惊人的”（强调程度 超出常理，让人难以相信)，例an incredible story(一个难以置信的故事)： 二是“极好的；极大的”（口语中表示赞赏，相当于excellent),例The view is incredible!(景色太棒了！)。 必记词性转换 副词：incredibly,核心含义是“极其；难以置信地”，常修饰形容词或副词， 高考常用搭配incredibly difficult(极其困难)、incredibly fast(快得惊人)。 名词：incredibility,核心含义是“不可信；难以置信”，侧重抽象概念，例 the incredibility of his excuse(他借口的不可信)。 反义词：credible(adj.,可信的：可靠的)，例a credible witness(可信的 证人)：incredible为否定前缀in-+credible构成。 高频搭配 形容词incredible的搭配：incredible speed(惊人的速度)、incredible strength (惊人的力量)、incredible achievement(了不起的成就)、sound incredible (听起来难以置信)。 易混辨析 incredible vs unbelievable:二者为近义词，均可表示“难以置信的”，但 incredible更强调“程度惊人、极好”，口语中可表赞赏；unbelievable侧重 “不符合常理，让人无法相信”，语气略中性。 incredible vs impossible:impossible表示“不可能的”（客观上无法实 现)；incredible表示“难以置信的”（主观上难以相信，但客观上可能存在）。 3.distract 核心词性 动词(v,高核心)：核心含义是“分散（注意力）；使分心”，强调将注意 力从原本关注的事物上移开，常用搭配distract sb.from sth.(使某人从某 事上分神)。 必记词性转换 名词：distraction,核心含义是“分心；干扰物”，高考常用搭配avoid dis- tractions(避免分心)、a distraction from study(学习的干扰)。 形容词：distracting,核心含义是“分心的；使人注意力分散的”，例a distracting noise(让人分心的噪音)。 形容词：distracted,核心含义是“心烦意乱的；注意力不集中的”，例look distracted（看起来心不在焉)。 高频搭配 动词distract的搭配：distract sb.from doing sth.(使某人在做某事时分 心)、be distracted by(被…分心)、distract attention（分散注意力)。 易混辨析 distract vs disturb:distract侧重“分散注意力，使无法专注”；disturb 侧重“打扰、干扰（正常秩序或安宁）”，可指物理上的打扰或情绪上的扰乱。 distract vs attract:attract表示“吸引（注意力）”，方向与distract相 反；distract是“分散、移开（注意力）”。 5 4.non-threatening 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义是“无威胁的；不具危险性的”，由否 定前缀non-+threatening(威胁的)构成，强调不会让人感到害怕或受到 威胁。 必记词性转换 动词：threaten,核心含义是“威胁；预示（危险）”，高考常用搭配threaten to do sth.(威胁要做某事)、threaten the environment(威胁环境)。 名词：threat,核心含义是“威胁：构成威胁的人/事”，常用搭配pose a threat to(对…构成威胁)、under threat(受到威胁)。 形容词：threatening,核心含义是“威胁的；恐吓的”，例a threatening look (威胁的表情)。 高频搭配 形容词non-threatening的搭配：non-threatening environment(无威胁的环 境)、non-threatening manner(友善的态度)、scem non-threatening(看起 来没有威肋)。 易混辨析 non-threatening vs harmless:harmless表示“无害的；不致伤的”（侧 重不会造成实际伤害)；non-threatening表示“无威胁的；不吓人的”（侧重 不会让人感到害怕或有压力)。 5.disadvantage 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：核心含义一是“不利条件；劣势”（与advantage相 反)，高考常用搭配at a disadvantage(处于劣势)、have the disadvantage of(有…的缺点)：二是“损害：损失”（较冷门，指不利的影响）。 必记词性转换 形容词：disadvantaged,核心含义是“处于不利地位的；贫困的”，例dis advantaged children(贫困儿童)。 反义词：advantage(n.,优势；有利条件)，常用搭配take advantage of(利 用)、have an advantage over(比…有优势)。 动词：disadvantage,核心含义是“使处于不利地位”（较正式），例be disadvantaged by lack of education(因缺乏教育而处于不利地位)， 高频搭配 名词disadvantage的搭配：overcome the disadvantage(克服劣势)、disad- vantage of doing sth.(做某事的缺点)、turn disadvantage into advantage (化劣势为优势)。 易混辨析 disadvantage vs weakness:weakness侧重“（人或事物的）弱点；缺 点”（内在的不足）；disadvantage侧重“（外部环境或条件带来的）不利因 素；劣势”（外在的不利条件）。 6 6.flexibility 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是“灵活性；柔韧性”，既可指身体的柔韧 性，也可指计划、思维等的灵活性，例exibility of mind(思维的灵活性)。 必记词性转换 形容词：flexible,核心含义是“灵活的：柔韧的”，高考常用搭配lexible schedule(灵活的日程表)、flexible body(柔韧的身体)。 动词：lex,核心含义是“弯曲（四肢等）；收缩（肌肉）”，例flex one's muscles(展示肌肉；显示实力)。 高频搭配 名词flexibility的搭配：physical flexibility(身体柔韧性)、mental flexibility (思维灵活性)、flexibility in doing sth.(做某事的灵活性)、lack of flexibility (缺乏灵活性)。 易混辨析 且exibility vs agility:agility侧重“敏捷；机敏”（强调动作迅速、反应 快)：丑exibility侧重“柔韧性：灵活性”（强调可弯曲性或适应变化的能力）。 且exibility vs adaptability:adaptability表示“适应能力”（适应新环境、 新情况的能力)：lexibility表示“灵活性”（本身具有的可调整、可变化的特 性)。 7.mature 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义一是“成熟的；心智成熟的”（指人或行 为)，例a mature decision(成熟的决定)：二是“（果实、酒等）成熟的”（指 事物发展到完善阶段)，例mature wine(陈酿的酒)。 动词(v,中频核心)：核心含义是“成熟；长成”，可指人或事物发展到成 熟阶段，例The plan matured over time.(计划随着时间逐渐完善。) 必记词性转换 名词：maturity,核心含义是“成熟；完成”，例reach maturity(达到成熟)。 副词：maturely,核心含义是“成熟地”，例behave maturely(行为成熟)。 高频搭配 形容词mature的搭配：mature attitude(成熟的态度)、mature for one's age(比实际年龄成熟)。 动词mature的搭配：mature into(成长为)、mature with age(随着年龄成 熟)。 易混辨析 nature vs ripe:mature用于人时指心智成熟，用于物指发展到完善阶段； ripe通常指水果、谷物等“成熟的”，强调可食用或收获。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：25-27DCA 25.D (frightened) 考点：细节理解题 语境：根据第一段描述“My heart is beating fast and my whole body is cold.I could just let 7 go and drop to the thick,soft safety mats below;but although I know that wouldn't hurt, somehow it seems incredible.”,作者到达顶部后心跳加速、全身发冷，尽管知道安全垫不会造 成伤害，但仍感到无法动弹，这些细节均体现出“恐惧”的情绪。 辨析：A.bored(无聊的)；B.disappointed(失望的)：C.depressed(沮丧的)；D.frightened (害怕的)。只有D符合“心跳加速、全身发冷、无法移动”的生理和心理反应。 26.C(get away from work) 考点：细节理解题 语境：Paul Lennon提到“I find it really hard not to think about work all the time..The wall is the one place where I don't even need to try to switch off.You just focus on what you're doing and it's very relaxing.”,明确说明攀岩让他无需刻意就能摆脱工作压力，专注于当下， 辨析：A.build up his body(锻炼身体)；B.find the meaning of life(寻找人生意义)；C.get away from work(远离工作)：D.solve physical problems(解决身体问题)。Paul未提及身体锻 炼或人生意义，“problem-solving”指的是攀爬中的策略思考，而非生理问题，故C正确。 27.A (Body flexibility) 考点：推理判断题 语境：Yasmine提到“My years of gymnastics when I was at school have really helped.Although I'm short and look relatively weak compared with others,I've got a leg-up in other ways.", 结合“stretching out one of my legs and balancing on a hold”,可推断体操训练赋予她身体灵 活性优势。 辨析：A.Body flexibility(身体灵活性)：B.Teamwork spirit(团队精神)：C.Teaching experience (教学经验)；D.Professional knowledge(专业知识)。Yasmine未提及团队合作、教学经验或专 业知识，体操背景与“伸展、平衡”直接关联，故A正确。