阅读理解44-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读表达44 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读表达（约440词） 。 核心知识点：学习、个人经历 ·考查重点：细节理解、逻辑判断、观点表达 材料剖析 故事发展线索：选择化学专业因职业选择多样→读硕士时参与实验项目质疑不适合读博 的想法→硕士毕业前在就业与读博间挣扎后退掉头offr选择读博→成为研究者后从 “不情愿”到热爱化学，享受探索过程 ·感情发展线索：最初对专业无热爱→实验中产生兴趣→面临选择时的困惑→成为研 究者后的平静满足+领悟主旨：热爱可逐步培养，过程中的探索与成就感同样重要 阅读表达短文 Life felt like a mountain hike with designated stops-high school,college-where I could figure out my direction.I chose chemistry as my college major because it seemed to provide different career options.Learning organic chemistry reactions wasn't frustrating or boring,but I did not "love" my subject. After finishing my undergraduate degree,I wanted financial independence.I looked for jobs but most needed a master's degree.I got into a graduate program and chose it,though I didn't plan to continue to a Ph.D. However,I began to question my belief that I was not suited for a Ph.D.when I started the laboratory research project.I spent a lot of time in the lab and never felt bored.Mastering my project required constant learning and discovering.I started to prefer experiments over classes. As my master's was drawing to a close,my confusion peaked.With my scores,I was in a good position to be hired by government-funded companies-a great opportunity I didn't want to waste.And everyone I talked to advised securing a stable job instead of pursuing a Ph.D., so I continued on to the interview stage.Still,I couldn't ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company,I backed out.I was going to pursue a Ph.D. I've completed my doctorate and am now an independent academic researcher.I have worked with others who are far more enthusiastic and were always sure they wanted to be scientists.I wondered how I traveled so far without "love"for the subject.Over the years,though,I have realized that neither success nor failure makes me go overboard or slip into depression.There are 2 ups and downs,but it just feels right every morning to go to the laboratory and do experiments to learn something new.Although I have started my career as a“reluctant'”(不情愿的)chemist, I am now ready to proclaim my love for what I do.All the way I try to see the relevant problems and solve them for my own satisfaction.That makes me no less capable than my peers,and no less deserving of a space in science. 问题列表 53.Why did the author choose chemistry as his college major? 54.When did the author begin to question his belief about not being suited for a Ph.D.? 55.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. The author decided to pursue a Ph.D.because he failed in the job interview. 56.Do you think it's necessary for people to love what they do?Why or why not?(In about 40 words) 核心词汇详解 1.independence 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：核心含义是“独立；自主”，强调个体或国家不受他 人控制的状态，常用搭配financial independence(经济独立)、independence from sb./sth.(摆脱…的独立)。 必记词性转换 形容词：independent,核心含义是“独立的；自主的”，高考常用搭配be independent of sb./sth.(不依赖…的)、independent thinking(独立思考)。 动词：independ,.核心含义是“独立；自主”，例She has learned to independ since childhood.(她从小就学会了独立)。 高频搭配 名词independence的搭配：gain independence(获得独立)、declare in- dependence(宣布独立)、achieve independence(实现独立)、struggle for independence(为独立而斗争)。 易混辨析 independence vs dependence:independence表“独立；自主性”，是积 极状态；dependence表“依赖；依靠”，是被动状态，搭配dependence on (依赖于…)。 independent vs dependent:independent是“独立的”，dependent是 “依赖的”，两者互为反义词，后缀-et均表形容词属性。 3 2.reluctant 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义是“不情愿的：勉强的”，强调内心不 愿但被迫行动，常用搭配be reluctant to do sth.(不情愿做某事)、reluctant agreement(勉强的同意)。 必记词性转换 副词：reluctantly,核心含义是“不情愿地；勉强地”，修饰动词，例He nodded reluctantly.(他勉强地点了点头)。 名词：reluctance,核心含义是“不情愿；勉强”，常用搭配show reluctance to do sth.(表现出不愿做某事)。 高频搭配 形容词reluctant的搭配：reluctant helper(不情愿的帮手)、reluctant smile (勉强的微笑)、reluctant decision(不情愿的决定)、reluctant acceptance (勉强接受)。 易混辨析 reluctant vs unwilling:两者均表“不情愿的”，reluctant更正式，侧重 内心矛盾；unwilling更口语化，直接表拒绝态度，搭配unwilling to do(不 愿做…)。 reluctant vs hesitant:reluctant强调“不愿做”，hesitant强调“犹豫 做”，前者是态度问题，后者是行为迟疑。 3.proclaim 核心词性 动词（v,高频核心)：核心含义是“宣布；宣告；声明”，强调公开正式地 表明立场或事实，常用搭配proclaim sth.to the public(向公众宣布某事)、 proclaim one's love(表白爱意)。 必记词性转换 名词：proclamation,核心含义是“公告；宣言”，指正式书面声明，例the Emancipation Proclamation(《解放宣言》)。 高频搭配 动词proclaim的搭配：proclaim independence(宣布独立)、proclaim victory (宣告胜利)、proclaim sb.innocent(宣布某人无罪)、proclaim as(宣布为 …)。 易混辨析 proclaim vs announce:proclaim更正式，多用于重大事件（如宣言、政 策)：announce较通用，可指日常通知，搭配announce a meeting(宣布开 会)。 proclaim vs declare:proclaim侧重“公开声明”，语气更强；declare侧 重“官方正式宣布”，如declare war(宣战)，两者近义但语体有别。 4.enthusiastic 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义是“热情的；热心的”，强调对事物有 强烈兴趣和积极态度，常用搭配be enthusiastic about sth.(对某事热情)、 enthusiastic support(热情支持)。 必记词性转换 名词：enthusiasm,核心含义是“热情；热忱”，常用搭配show enthusiasm for(对…表现出热情)、with enthusiasm(热情地)。 副词：enthusiastically,核心含义是“热情地；热心地”，修饰动词，例She spoke enthusiastically about her project.(她热情地谈论自己的项目)。 高频搭配 形容词enthusiastic的搭配：enthusiastic audience(热情的观众)、enthusiastic participant(热心参与者)、enthusiastic response(热烈反响)、enthusiastic learner(积极学习者)。 易混辨析 enthusiastic vs passionate:两者均表“热情的”，enthusiastic侧重对 事物的兴趣和积极投入；passionate侧重强烈的情感和激情，程度更深，如 passionate love(炽热的爱)。 enthusiastic vs eager:enthusiastic强调“因兴趣而热情”，eager强调 “因渴望而急切”，搭配eager to do(渴望做…)。 5.designated 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义是“指定的；选定的”，强调预先确定的 用途或对象，常用搭配designated area(指定区域)、designated driver(代 驾司机)。 必记词性转换 动词：designate,.核心含义是“指定；指派；命名”，常用搭配designate sb. to do sth.(指派某人做某事)、designate sth.as(将某物命名为…)。 名词：designation,核心含义是“指定；名称；称号”，例official designation (官方名称)。 高频搭配 形容词designated的搭配：designated time(指定时间)、designated seat (指定座位)、designated function(指定功能)、designated representative(指 定代表)。 易混辨析 designated vs appointed:两者均表“指定的”，designated侧重“预先确定 用途或范围”；appointed侧重“官方正式任命职位”，如appointed manager (任命的经理)。 designated vs specific:designated强调“被明确指定的”，specific强调 “具体的：特定的”，前者有“人为指定”含义，后者强调细节明确。 5 6.pursue 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：核心含义一是“追求；致力于”，指为目标持续努力， 常用搭配pursue a career(追求事业)、pursue happiness(追求幸福)：二是 “追赶；追踪”，例pursue a criminal(追捕罪犯)。 必记词性转换 名词：pursuit,核心含义是“追求；职业；爱好”，常用搭配in pursuit of (为追求…)、leisure pursuits(业余爱好)。 形容词：pursuing,核心含义是“追求的；追赶的”，例pursuing team(追 赶的队伍)。 高频搭配 动词pursue的搭配：pursue studies(继续学业)、pursue goals(追求目标)、 pursue interests(培养兴趣)、pursue a Ph.D.(攻读博士学位)。 易混辨析 pursue vs follow:pursue强调“主动、持续地追求目标或追赶”，有目的 性；follow强调“跟随；遵循”，如follow instructions(遵循指示)，被动性 更强。 pursue vs chase:pursue可指抽象目标（如事业、梦想），chase侧重具体 “追逐；追赶”，如chase a ball(追球)，更口语化。 7.depression 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：核心含义一是“抑郁；抑郁症”（医学/心理术语）， 常用搭配suffer from depression(患抑郁症)、clinical depression(临床抑郁 症)；二是“萧条：不景气”（经济术语），例the Great Depression(大萧条)： 三是“凹陷：洼地”（物理形态）。 必记词性转换 形容词：depressed,核心含义是“抑郁的；沮丧的”，常用搭配feel depressed (感到沮丧)、depressed area(贫困地区)。 动词：depress,核心含义是“使抑郁；使沮丧；使不景气”，例The bad news depressed her..(坏消息让她很沮丧). 形容词：depressing,核心含义是“令人沮丧的；沉闷的”，修饰事物，例 depressing weather(沉闷的天气)。 高频搭配 名词depression的搭配：battle depression(对抗抑郁)、economic depression (经济萧条)、severe depression(严重抑郁)。 易混辨析 depression vs sadness:depression是持续性的心理疾病，sadness是短 暂的情绪低落。 depression vs recession:depression指严重经济萧条，recession指经济 衰退，程度较轻。 6 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：53.Because it seemed to provide different career options. 54.When he started the laboratory research project during his graduate program. 55.The false part is "because he failed in the job interview".The author backed out of the interview one week before it was scheduled,not because he failed. 56.(Not necessary.One can start with practical reasons and develop love gradually through engagement and solving problems,as the author did 53.考点：细节信息查找 语境：文中明确提到“I chose chemistry as my college major because it seemed to provide different career options.”,直接说明了选择化学专业的原因是“它似乎能提供不同 的职业选择”。 54.考点：细节信息定位 语境：根据“However,I began to question my belief that I was not suited for a Ph.D. when I started the laboratory research project.”可知，作者开始质疑自己不适合读博的 信念是在“开始实验室研究项目时”，且此时他正在攻读研究生，故补充“during his graduate program”使信息更完整。 55.考点：细节理解与逻辑判断 语境：文中提到“One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice com- pany,I backed out.I was going to pursue a Ph.D.”,说明作者是主动在面试前一周退出， 并非面试失败才选择读博，因此“because he failed in the job interview”是错误部分。 56.考点：观点表达与逻辑阐述 语境：作者以自身经历说明最初并非热爱化学，但通过接触研究、解决问题逐渐产生热爱。因此 可从“不必一开始就热爱，可在实践中培养”的角度回答，结合文中“it just feels right..…do experiments to learn something new”“solve them for my own satisfaction”等内容 支持观点，注意控制字数在40词左右。