阅读理解38-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选38 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选 。文章长度：约410词 ·知识点：科普知识 。体裁：说明文 ·考查重点：细节理解、词义猜测、段落主旨 材料剖析 。文章主题：人类起源理论的新研究挑战“走出非洲”理论，提出更复杂的多区域假说。 ·结构分析： 一第一段：引出话题，指出新研究质疑“走出非洲”理论，提出人类发展可能更复杂。 一第二段：阐述“多区域假说”的内容，并提到亚洲化石证据支持该假说。 一第三段：通过DNA研究进一步支持人类进化的复杂性，以尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人 DNA为例。 一第四段：提到亚洲和欧洲的古代工具发现，暗示多次迁徙或独立发展。 一第五段：总结观点，指出人类起源更复杂，涉及多个大陆相互关联的种群。 阅读理解短文 In recent years,new research has led scientists to question the accuracy of the widely accepted "Out of Africa"theory,which suggests that all modern humans originated from a single group that left Africa around 60,000 years ago.While this theory has been supported by numerous genetic and fossil (studies,alternative ideas suggest that human development may have been far more complex,involving multiple regions rather than a single migration (wave from Africa.One alternative view is the "Multi-regional Hypothesis ().This hypothesis suggests that early human populations in Africa,Asia,and Europe developed relatively independently but experienced substantial gene flow between regions.According to this idea,Homo sapiens()did not emerge only in Africa but instead formed gradually across regions through the exchange of genetic mate- rial.This concept is backed by fossil evidence from Asia,such as skulls and bones found in China and Indonesia,which differ from African remains but are anatomically similar to modern humans.These fossils are over 100,000 years old-much older than what would be expected if humans only spread from Africa around 60,000years ago.Furthermore,recent DNA studies have found genetic material in modern non-African populations does not match any known African lin- eages,suggesting that ancient humans mated with other groups in Eurasia,such as Neanderthals 2 and Denisovans.For example,Neanderthal DNA is discovered in both European and Asian popu- lations but devoid in most sub-Saharan African populations,challenging the timeline proposed by the "Out of Africa"theory.Additionally,research indicates that Denisovan DNA appears only in Melanesian and some Southeast Asian populations,suggesting these regional exchanges were not part of a single,linear migration.Adding to the debate is the discovery of ancient tools and artifacts in Asia and Europe that predate the supposed migration from Africa.These findings imply that early humans may have left Africa in multiple waves or even developed advanced cultural practices independently outside Africa.Some scientists now believe that humanity's origins involve multiple migrations,with groups moving in and out of Africa at different times,contributing to the genetic diversity we see today.Although the "Out of Africa"theory remains influential,these findings invite us to rethink human evolution ()It is increasingly likely that modern humans arose not from a single migration but from interconnected populations across several continents,reflecting a far richer and more complex evolutionary history. 题目列表 32.Why does the author mention fossil evidence from Asia? (a)A.To argue that modern humans developed in Africa. (b)B.To provide proof for the Multi-regional Hypothesis. (c)C.To question the existence of gene flow between regions. (d)D.To highlight the age of fossils compared to African remains. 33.What does the underlined word "devoid"in Paragraph 3 probably mean? (a)A.Present. (b)B.Obtained. (c)C.Absent. (d)D.Ignored. 34.What does the author aim to express in the last paragraph? (a)A.Modern human evolution was a linear process. (b)B.The "Out of Africa"theory has been disproven (c)C.Human origins are more complex than once thought. (d)D.The genetic diversity of modern humans originated in Africa. 3 核心词汇详解 1.hypothesis 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：假说：假设（科学研究中基于有限证据提出的推测性 观点) 常用搭配：put forward a hypothesis(提出假说) 例：The argument is based on a false hypothesis.(该论点基于错误的前提) 词性转换 动词：hypothesize(假设；假定) Scientists hypothesize that the phenomenon is caused by climate change. (科学家假设该现象由气候变化引起) 形容词：hypothetical(假设的；推测的) 例：hypothetical situation(假设情境) 高频搭配 test a hypothesis(验证假说)、support a hypothesis(支持假说)、alternative hypothesis(替代假说)、working hypothesis(初步假说) 易混辨析 hypothesis vs theory:hypothesis指“未经充分验证的初步假设”，是理 论形成的前期阶段；theory指“经过大量证据支持的系统理论” 例：The hypothesis was later developed into a scientific theory.(该假说后 来发展为科学理论) hypothesis vs assumption:hy pothesis强调“基于一定证据的推测，用 于科学研究”；assumption侧重“未经证实的主观假定” 例：We made an assumption that he would agree.(我们假定他会同意) 2.migration 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：迁徙；迁移（动物或人类群体的大规模移动） 常用搭配：migration wave(迁徙浪潮) 移居；移民（个体或群体从一地到另一地定居的行为） 例：rural-to-urban migration（农村向城市的移居) 词性转换 动词：migrate（迁徙；移居) 例：Birds migrate south in winter.(鸟类冬季南迁) 名词：migrant(移民；迁徙动物) 例：migrant workers(农民工) 高频搭配 seasonal migration(季节性迁徙)、human migration(人类迁徙)、migration route(迁徙路线)、prehistoric migration(史前迁徙) 易混辨析 migration vs immigration:migration泛指“任何形式的群体迁移”，范 围广；immigration特指“从外国移居入境” 例：His immigration to Canada was approved.(他移民加拿大的申请获批) migration vs emigration:emigration特指“离开本国移居外国” 例：Emigration from the country increased last year..（去年该国的移民出境 人数增加) 3.anatomically 核心词性 副词(dv.,高频核心)：结构上；解剖学上（用于从解剖学角度描述事物特 征) 例：The two species are anatomically similar.(这两个物种在解剖结构上相 似) 词性转换 名词：anatomy（解剖学；解剖结构) 例：human anatomy(人体解剖学) 形容词：anatomical(解剖学的；结构上的) 例：anatomical features(解剖特征) 高频搭配 anatomically distinct(结构上不同)、anatomically correct(解剖学上准确 的)、anatomically related(解剖学上相关的) 易混辨析 anatomically vs structurally:anatomically侧重“从解剖学角度（如生 物体器官、骨骼等)的结构”；structurally泛指“任何事物的结构方面” 例：The building is structurally unsound.(这栋建筑结构不安全) 4.lineage 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：血统；世系；谱系（家族或物种的遗传线） 常用搭配：genetic lineage(遗传谱系) lineage(连续的系列) 例：a lineage of kings(一脉相承的国王) 词性转换 动词：line(排成行；沿…排列，词源相关但含义差异大) 例：Trees line the street..（街道两旁绿树成荫) 名词：lineal(直系的；世袭的) 例：lineal descendant（直系后代) 高频搭配 direct lineage(直系血统)、ancestral lineage(祖先谱系)、evolutionary lineage (进化谱系)、matrilineal lineage(母系血统) 易混辨析 lineage vs ancestry:lineage强调“连续的遗传或家族线”，侧重线性传 承；ancestry指“祖先的总称”，范围更广 例：Her ancestry can be traced back to Europe.(她的祖先可追溯到欧洲) lineage vs descent:descent侧重“从祖先到后代的传承过程”；lineage 侧重“传承的谱系本身” 例：He is of noble descent..(他出身贵族) 5 5.interconnected 核心词性 形容词（dj,高频核心)：相互连接的；相互关联的（强调事物间的密切联 系) 常用搭配：interconnected systems(相互关联的系统) 词性转换 动词：interconnect(相互连接；相互关联) 例：The two cities are interconnected by a high-speed railway..(这两座城市 由高铁相连) 名词：interconnection(相互连接；关联) 例：the interconnection between economy and environment(经济与环境的 关联) 高频搭配 interconnected networks(互联网络)、interconnected problems(相互关联 的问题)、globally interconnected(全球互联的) 易混辨析 interconnected vs connected:interconnected强调“事物间双向的、复 杂的相互联系”；connected泛指“有联系的”，可单向 例：The two events are connected..(这两件事有关联) interconnected vs interdependent:interconnected侧重“物理或结构 上的连接”；interdependent侧重“功能上的相互依赖” 例：Countries are interdependent in the global economy.(各国在全球经济 中相互依赖) 6 6.substantial 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：大量的；显著的（强调数量或程度） 常用搭配：substantial evidence(大量证据) 实质的；真实的（强调本质而非表面） 例：substantial changes(实质性变化) 坚固的；结实的（描述物体材质） 例：a substantial building(坚固的建筑) 词性转换 名词：substance(物质；实质；重要性) 例：chemical substance(化学物质)、the substance of the argument(论点 的实质)、a matter of substance(重要问题) 副词：substantially(大量地；显著地) 例：The cost has increased substantially..(成本显著增加) 高频搭配 substantial progress(显著进步)、substantial amount(大量)、substantial contribution(重大贡献)、substantial difference(实质差异) 易混辨析 substantial vs significant:substantial侧重“数量或规模上的大”；sig nificant侧重“意义或影响上的重大” 例：a significant discovery(重大发现) substantial vs abundant:abundant指“资源、数量极为丰富”；substantial 强调“足够多且重要” 例：abundant natural resources(丰富的自然资源) 7.diversity 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：多样性；差异（强调种类或形式的多样） 常用搭配：genetic diversity(遗传多样性) 多元文化 例：cultural diversity（文化多样性) 词性转换 形容词：diverse(多样的；不同的) 例：diverse cultures(多样的文化) 动词：diversify(使多样化) 例：The company diversified its products.（公司使产品多样化) 高频搭配 biological diversity(生物多样性)、diversity of opinion(意见分歧)、promote diversity(促进多样性) 易混辨析 diversity vs variety:diversity强调“差异性和多元性”，常指本质不同； variety侧重“种类繁多”，可指同一类别下的不同形式 例：a variety of fruits(多种水果) 7 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：32-34BCC 32.B (To provide proof for the Multi-regional Hypothesis. 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：第二段提到“One alternative view is the'Multi-regional Hy pot hesis.This hypothesis suggests...Homo sapiens did not emerge only in Africa but instead formed gradually across regions through the exchange of genetic material.This concept is backed by fossil evidence from Asia.”,明确指出亚洲化石证据是为“多区域假说”提供支持。 选项辨析：A项与“多区域假说”相悖；C项与原文“experienced substantial gene flow”矛 盾；D项仅强调化石年龄对比，未体现作者提及该证据的核心目的是支持假说。只有B项符合 上下文逻辑。 33.C (Absent.) 考点：词义猜测题 语境逻辑：前文提到“Neanderthal DNA is discovered in both European and Asian populations but devoid in most sub-Saharan African populations”,通过“but”可知前后为转折关系，前 半句说在欧亚人群中“发现”尼安德特人DNA,后半句则应表示在撒哈拉以南非洲人群中“没 有”，与“discovered”形成反义。 选项辨析：A.Present(存在的)：B.Obtained(获得的)；D.Ignored(被忽视的)均不符合转 折逻辑，只有C.Absent(缺席的，不存在的)符合语境。 34.C (Human origins are more complex than once thought.) 考点：段落主旨题 语境逻辑：最后一段指出“Although the'Out of Africa'theory remains influential,these findings invite us to rethink human evolution.It is increasingly likely that modern humans arose not from a single migration but from interconnected populations across several continents,reflecting a far richer and more complex evolutionary history”,强调人类起源并非单一迁徙，而是多大陆 相互关联的种群结果，进化史更复杂丰富。 选项辨析：A项“线性过程”与原文“not a single migration”矛盾；B项“已被推翻”与 “remains influential”不符；D项“起源于非洲”与“interconnected populations across several continents”相悖。C项“人类起源比曾经认为的更复杂”准确概括段落主旨。