阅读理解36-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选36 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（4题，全文约370词) 。 核心知识点：家人和亲人、记叙文、生活故事 。考查重点：细节理解、主旨大意、语境逻辑 材料剖析 。故事发展线索：To决定傍晚去家附近的山徒步并告知家人傍晚返回→未按时归来，家 人联系不上，哥哥Jck寻找到其背包但未见人，家人更加焦虑→家人午夜求助专业搜 救队，搜救队携带装备开始搜寻→To脚踝受伤躺在山下，在黑暗中用手电筒闪烁求救， 最终黎明时被搜救队发现→Tom分享是对家人的思念和团聚的希望支撑他度过困境 ·感情发展线索：家人从担忧到焦虑无助（母亲担忧Tom状况、父亲强装镇定）→Tom从 怀疑恐惧到坚持希望（与自我怀疑斗争，依靠家人的希望支撑）→团聚后家人的狂喜与 感恩、Tom的如释重负+领悟主旨（希望是困境中的支撑） 阅读理解短文 One evening,Tom Peterson decided to go on a hike in the mountains near his home.He told his family he'd be back by nightfall,so when he didn't return as expected,they became concerned. At around 8 p.m.,they tried to reach him on his cell phone but received no response.Tom's brother,Jack,decided to head to the trail (and look for him.When Jack arrived,he found Tom's backpack on the side of the trail,but there was no sign of Tom himself.Tom's family became even more anxious.His mother kept picturing him lost and alone,wondering if he was cold, scared,or even injured.She felt helpless,knowing she couldn't protect her son.His father,on the other hand,struggled to remain calm,reassuring his wife while silently fearing the worst.As midnight approached,Tom's family decided it was time to call for professional help.The search team arrived swiftly,equipped with flashlights and heat-sensitive cameras,and began combing the trail.Tom,down the hill with an injured ankle,lay in the dark,battling waves of doubt.As the cold night deepened,he questioned if anyone would find him,feeling small and defenceless against the vast wilderness.He turned his flashlight on and off,hoping someone would notice the weak light,holding on to the last bit of hope he had.Finally,at dawn,the team spotted him about a mile from the main path.Seeing the rescuers approach,Tom's relief washed over him,and his worries melted away.His family was overjoyed when they saw him,their worst fears replaced by deep thankfulness and newfound appreciation for each other.Later,when asked about how he made it through the long,dark hours alone,Tom shared that it was the thought of his family that 2 kept him going.For him,holding onto the hope of reuniting with them was his only choice in the vast,lonely wilderness. 题目选项列表 24.Why did Tom's mother feel helpless during the night? A.She was then unable to join the search. B.She didn't know what was happening to Tom. C.She had a difficult time contacting the rescue team. D.She was worried about the cold weather in the mountains. 25.What made it difficult for Tom to get back on his own? A.He injured his ankle. B.He had lost his way. C.He caught a bad cold. D.He felt small and defenceless. 26.What did Tom do as a last effort to seek help? A.He called his brother Jack. B.He tried to climb up the hill. C.He left his backpack on the trail. D.He used his flashlight to signal for help 27.Which best represents the main idea of the story? A.Hope is the light in the darkest hour. B.After the storm comes the calm. C.A friend in need is a friend indeed. D.Where there's a will,there's a way. 3 核心词汇详解 1.anxious 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：焦虑的；担忧的（描述人因不确定或危险而心神 不宁)：渴望的：急切的 例：She was anzrious about her son's safety.（她为儿子的安全感到焦虑) 例：He was ancious to return home.(他渴望▣家) 词性转换 名词：anxiety(焦虑；忧虑，不可数名词) 副词：anxiously（焦虑地；不安地) 例：She waited anciously for news..(她焦急地等待消息) 高频搭配 be anxious about sth.(为某事担忧)、be anxious for sb.(为某人担忧)、be anxious to do sth.(渴望做某事)、be anxious that..(担心…，后接虚拟 语气) 易混辨析 anxious vs worried:anxious更强调“因不确定性或潜在危险而产生的 紧张、急切的焦虑”，程度稍重；worried侧重“因实际问题或困难而感到不 安”，日常使用更普遍。 anxious vs eager:anxious表“渴望”时，常带有“担忧能否实现”的意 味；eager纯粹指“积极渴望，充满热情”，无担忧色彩。 2.swiftly 核心词性 副词(adv.,高中核心)：迅速地；敏捷地（强调动作快且高效） 例：The team responded swiftly to the emergency.(团队对紧急情况迅速做 出反应) 词性转换 形容词：swit(迅速的；敏捷的) 名词：swiftness(迅速；敏捷，抽象名词) 例：a swift decision(迅速的决定) 高频搭配 act swiftly(迅速行动)、reply swiftly(迅速回复)、move swiftly(快速移动) 易混辨析 swiftly vs quickly vs rapidly:swiftly强调“动作敏捷、不拖延”，带 有“优雅或高效”的意味；quickly侧重“时间短、速度快”，使用范围最广： rapidly强调“变化或增长的速度快”。 3.battling 核心词性 动词（v,现在分词/动名词，高中核心)：与…搏斗；打斗（物理对抗）； 努力应对；与…作斗争（抽象对抗，后接困难、疾病等） 例：The soldiers battled the enem以.（士兵们与敌人搏斗） 例：She has been battling cancer for years.(她与癌症抗争多年) 词性转换 动词原形：battle(用法同现在分词) 名词：battle(战斗；战役斗争；较量) 例：the battle against poverty(与贫困的斗争) 高频搭配 battle with/against sb./sth.(与…搏斗/斗争)、battle for sth.(为…而 战)、battle to do sth.(努力做某事，强调困难) 易混辨析 battle vs fight vs struggle:battle多指“大规模、有组织的战斗或长期 斗争”：fght可指“任何形式的打斗、争吵或努力争取”，范围最广；struggle 侧重“在困难中挣扎、努力”，强调过程的艰难。 4.defenceless 核心词性 形容词(adj,高中核心)：无防御能力的：无助的（指无法保护自己或抵抗 攻击) 例：The villagers were defenceless against the storm.(村民们在暴风雨面前 毫无防御能力) 词性转换 动词：defend(防御；保卫；辩护) 名词：defence/defense(美式)（防御；保卫；辩护） 形容词：defensive(防御性的；戒备的) 高频搭配 be defenceless against sth.(对某事无防御能力)、leave sb.defenceless(使 某人失去防御能力) 易混辨析 defenceless vs helpless:defenceless侧重“无法抵御外部威胁或攻击”； helpless侧重“因自身能力不足而无法做某事，感到无助”。 5 5.vast 核心词性 形容词(adj,高中核心)：广阔的：浩瀚的（形容空间、面积大）；大量的： 巨大的（形容数量或程度） 例：the va.st ocean(浩瀚的海洋) 例：a vast amount of data(大量数据) 词性转换 名词：vastness(广阔；浩瀚；巨大，抽象名词) 例：the vastness of the desert(沙漠的广阔) 高频搭配 a vast area(广阔的区域)、vast numbers of..(大量的…)、vast amounts of.(大量的…，后接不可数名词)、the vast majority(绝大多数) 易混辨析 vast vs large vs huge:vast强调“面积、范围或数量的极大，带有‘辽 阔、浩瀚'的意境”，多用于书面语；large最普通，侧重“尺寸、数量超过 般标准”：huge强调“体积、程度或重要性异常大”，语气强于large。 6.wilderness 核心词性 名词(，高中低频)：荒野；荒地（指未开发、无人居住的自然区域）；荒 芜的地方；无人涉足的领域（比喻） 例：They got lost in the wilderness.(他们在荒野中迷路了) 例：the wilderness of modern art(现代艺术的未知领域) 词性转换 形容词：wild(野生的；未驯化的：荒凉的：狂热的：失控的) 副词：wildly(疯狂地；失控地) 例：2 vild animals（野生动物) 高频搭配 in the wilderness(在荒野中)、the great wilderness(大片荒野) 易混辨析 wilderness vs desert:wilderness泛指“未开发的荒野”，可能包含植被： desert特指“沙漠”，干旱少雨。 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：24-27BADA 24.B (She didn't know what was happening to Tom.) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：根据文中“His mother kept picturing him lost and alone,.wondering if he was cold, scared,or even injured.”可知，母亲不断想象汤姆可能的遭遇，却不知道他真实的情况，因此 感到无助。 选项辨析：A选项“无法加入搜寻”文中未提及；C选项“联系救援队困难”与“as midnight approached.call for professional help”不符，家人是主动决定求助且救援队迅速到达；D选项 “担心山里寒冷天气”是母亲担忧的具体内容之一，并非无助的根本原因。B选项“不知道汤姻 发生了什么”最能概括母亲因信息缺失产生的无助感。 25.A (He injured his ankle. 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：文中明确提到“Tom,down the hill with an injured ankle,lay in the dark..”,可知 汤姆脚踝受伤导致他无法自行返回。 选项辨析：B选项“迷路”未在文中体现，他是在小径附近受伤：C选项“患重感冒”无中生 有；D选项“感到渺小无助”是心理感受，而非客观阻碍。A选项“脚踝受伤”是直接导致他 无法行动的原因。 26.D (He used his flashlight to signal for help.) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：根据“He turned his flashlight on and off,hoping someone would notice the weak light,holding on to the last bit of hope he had.”可知，汤姆通过开关手电简发出信号求救。 选项辨析：A选项“打电话给哥哥杰克”与“they tried to reach him on his cell phone but received no response'”矛盾；B选项“试图爬上山”文中未提及；C选项“将背包留在小径旁” 是事故发生时的状态，并非主动求救行为。D选项“用手电筒发信号求助”符合原文描述的最 后努力。 27.A (Hope is the light in the darkest hour. 考点：主旨大意题 语境逻辑：故事中汤姆在困境中“holding on to the last bit of hope”,最终因救援队发现而获 救，且他提到“it was the thought of his family that kept him going”,体现了希望在绝望时刻 的重要性。 选项辨析：B选项“雨过天晴”侧重困境后的平静，未突出“希望”的核心作用；C选项“患 难见真情”强调友谊，与本文家庭主题无关：D选项“有志者事竞成”侧重意志力实现目标，而 文中汤姆的生存更依赖外部救援和内心希望。A选项“希望是黑暗时刻的光芒”最契合“依靠 希望坚持到获救”的主线。