阅读理解27-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选27 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（4题，全文约410词) 。 核心知识点：发明与创造、说明文、人工智能 。考查重点：细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断 材料剖析 。文章结构：介绍智能音箱当前功能→预测未来十年发展→举例说明相关技术→展望 更远未来技术 。发展脉络：健康监测技术→语音分析应用→脑机接口技术→自然环境互联 阅读理解短文 Smart speakers now already help play music,get the news and control appliances at home,and are expected within the decade to be able to spot oncoming colds and chronic health conditions before they appear by listening to a user's breathing,voice and heart rate. That is the prediction of a report from Vodafone into what consumer technology will look like by 2030.The report says that consumers will expect technology to be a key way they can monitor their health.It predicts that smart assistants will be able to spot early signs of diseases such as Parkinson's(帕金森病)from voice analysis alone,in a similar way to how temperature is an indicator of fever. In 2018 it was revealed that Google had filed a patent for a smart speaker that could determine a speaker's mood through the "volume of the user's voice,detected breathing rate,crying and so forth",and if they have a medical condition"based on detected coughing,sneezing and so forth". In January,at the Consumer Electronics Show,start-ups were offering light bulbs that could monitor a person's body temperature and floorboards that could analyse a user's changing weight. Martin Raymond,co-founder of the Future Laboratory,said that tech companies were working on smart mirrors that could detect changes in a user's skin colour and send alerts to an accompa- nying app if it detected that the person should consult a doctor. Such devices are also likely to connect with other WiFi-enabled appliances around the house as well as phones or smartwatches to build up a picture of somebody's health,before sending health recommendations if needed. The report says that by the end of the decade,using our voice to control devices will be "usurped"by mind reading devices,embedded in technology such as smartwatches and headphones. These will detect the brain signals made when people say words in their head and give commands 3 without people having to speak.In December 2021,a 62-year-old man with motor neurone disease was the first person in the world to send a tweet via his thoughts,using a brain implant(i入的装置)designed by the American-Australian company Synchron. The report adds that as we reach 2030,"nature itself will become connected"with sensors on trees to analyse the environment and send the data to conservationists. 题目列表 28.What are smart speakers expected to do within ten years? A.To detect whether people are ill. B.To help control home appliances. C.To play music and broadcast news. D.To make a plan for physical exercise 29.What can we learn from the passage? A.Doctors will receive alerts from a smart mirror of their patients. B.A smart floorboard has a changing weight restriction for its users. C.Voice analysis will be used to indicate the presence of Parkinson's. D.Google has claimed its right for the invention of all smart speakers. 30.What does the underlined word "usurped"mean in Paragraph 7? A.Operated. B.Replaced. C.Applied. D.Developed. 31.What is the best title for this text? A.Consumer Electronics Show. B.Smart Devices in the Next Decade. C.New Application of Smart Speaker. D.Connection between Sensors and Nature. 核心词汇详解 1.chronic 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：慢性的：长期的（用于描述疾病、问题等持续时 间长) 例：chronic health conditions(慢性健康状况) 词性转换 名词：chronicity(慢性；长期性) 高频搭配 chronic disease(慢性病)、chronic pain(慢性疼痛)、chronic problem(长 期存在的问题) 易混辨析 chronic vs acute:chronic强调”长期的；慢性的”；acute强调”急性的； 严重的” 2.neurone 核心词性 名词（n,高频核心)：神经元；神经细胞（生物学专用术语） 例：motor neurone disease(运动神经元疾病) 词性转换 形容词：neuronal(神经元的)、名词：neuron(美式拼写) 高频搭配 motor neurone(运动神经元)、sensory neurone(感觉神经元)、neurone disease(神经元疾病) 易混辨析 neurone vs nerve::neurone指单个神经细胞；nerve指由多个神经元组成 的神经束 3.implant 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：植入物；植入的装置 动词(v,高频核心)：植入；移植；灌输 例：brain implant（脑部植入装置)、implant a device（植入装置) 词性转换 名词：implantation(植入；移植) 高频搭配 brain implant(脑部植入装置)、implant surgery(植入手术)、implant into (植入…中) 易混辨析 implant vs insert:implant强调通过手术永久植入；insert强调简单插入 动作 4.conservationist 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：自然资源保护者；生态环境保护主义者 例：send data to conservationists（向环保人士发送数据) 词性转换 名词： conservation(保护；保存)、形容词： conservative(保守的) 高频搭配 environmental conservationist(环境保护主义者)、wildlife conservationist (野生动物保护者) 易混辨析 conservationist vs environmentalist:前者侧重自然资源保护；后者侧 重整体环境保护 5.usurp 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：篡夺：夺取；取代；替代 例：be usurped by mind reading devices（被读心设备取代) 词性转换 名词：usurpation（篡夺；夺取) 高频搭配 usurp power(篡夺权力)、usurp the throne(篡夺王位)、be usurped by(被 …取代) 易混辨析 usurp vs replace:usurp强调不正当取代；replace是中性词，指替代替换 5 6.start-up 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：初创企业；新创办的公司 例：start--ups were offering light bulbs（初创企业推出了灯泡） 词性转换 动词短语：start up(创办；开办) 高频搭配 tech start--up(科技初创企业)、start--up company(初创公司)、start-up funding(初创资金) 易混辨析 start-up vs enterprise::start-up特指初创期小型企业；enterprise泛指 任何规模企业 7.sensor 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：传感器；感应器 例：sensors on trees to analyse the environment（树上的传感器用于分析环 境) 词性转换 动词：sense(感觉到)、 形容词：sensory(感觉的) 高频搭配 temperature sensor(温度传感器)、motion sensor(运动传感器)、sensor data(传感器数据) 易混辨析 sensor vs detector:sensor用于监测传递信息；detector用于发现识别特 定物质 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：28-31ACBB 28.A (To detect whether people are ill.) 考点：细节理解题 语境：文章首段明确提到”are expected within the decade to be able to spot oncoming colds and chronic health conditions before they appear”,即智能音箱十年内有望检测疾病。 辨析：B、C选项是目前已实现的功能(”now already help.”),D选项”制定锻炼计划”未提 及，A选项”检测是否生病”符合”spot..health conditions'”的描述。 29.C (Voice analysis will be used to indicate the presence of Parkinson's. 考点：细节理解题 语境：第二段提到”smart assistants will be able to spot early signs of diseases such as Parkinson's from voice analysis alone'”,说明语音分析可用于检测帕金森病。 辨析：A选项”医生接收患者智能镜子的警报”错误，原文是”send alerts to an accompanying app”;B选项”智能地板对用户有体重限制”错误，原文是"analyse a user's changing weight'”; D选项”谷歌拥有所有智能音箱的发明权”错误，原文是”filed a patent for a smart speaker'”（为 一款智能音箱申请专利)，C选项符合原文表述。 6 30.B (Replaced.) 考点：词义猜测题 语境：第七段提到using our voice to control devices will be'usurped'by mind reading devices'”, 后文解释”give commands without people having to speak”,说明脑读设备将替代语音控制。 辨析：A.Operated(操作)；B.Replaced(替代)；C.Applied(应用)：D.Developed(发展)。 ”无需说话即可发令”表明脑读设备取代语音控制，B选项符合逻辑。 31.B (Smart Devices in the Next Decade.) 考点：主旨大意题 语境：全文围绕2030年（未来十年）的消费科技展开，涵盖智能音箱、脑读设备、自然传感器 等多种智能设备的预测。 辨析：A选项”消费电子展”仅为细节；C选项”智能音箱的新应用”片面，未涵盖脑读设备等 内容：D选项”传感器与自然的连接”仅为最后一段内容：B选项”未来十年的智能设备”概括 全文核心，符合主旨。