阅读理解23-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选23 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-阅读单选(4题，全文约420词) ·核心知识点：科普知识、科学技术 。体裁：说明文 ·考查重点：细节理解、段落主旨、词义猜测、作者态度 材料剖析 ·段落结构： 1.第一段：引出克隆话题+定义与自然实例 2.第二段：克隆的现有用途+技术难度对比 3.第三段：克隆的未来应用方向 4.第四段：克隆的主要担忧一道德问题 5.第五段：提出克隆的终极疑问 。论证方式：举例说明、对比分析、利弊探讨 阅读理解短文 When it was announced in 2018 that the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai had created the world's first cloned monkeys,Zhongzhong and Huahua,heated discussions followed online.In fact,cloning has always been with us.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when identical twins are produced from the same egg.These are both examples of natural clones. Cloning has two major uses.First,gardeners use it to produce large quantities of plants for sale. Second,it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning plants is fairly straightforward,while cloning animals is much more complicated and difficult.Over the years,many scientists failed in their attempts to clone animals,but their determination and patience paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep. With the advances of scientific research,cloning will have several major uses in the future. For one thing,it could be used to breed animal species which are endangered,or even bring back species which are now extinct.For another,it could be used to grow human organs or tissue in animals,which could be used for human organ transplants or medical treatments.Finally,cloning could be used to breed animals that will provide us with higher quality meat,milk,or eggs. While there are technical issues that need to be worked through to make widespread cloning possible,the biggest concerns are moral.For example,if scientists brought an extinct animal back 3 into existence,it would probably end up living in a zoo.That is not very good for the animal.Even worse for the animal is using it as a source of organ transplants-because it will be injured or even die.In addition,many people worry that eating animal products that result from cloning might be harmful to our health over time.The possibility of using cloning to produce human beings is an even bigger concern.What would happen if such knowledge ended up in the wrong hands? When it comes to cloning,we wonder,ultimately,whether cloning will help or harm the world. No doubt,we will be talking about this question for a long time to come. 题目选项列表 31.What can we learn about cloning? A.Cloned animals first appeared in 2018. B.Cloned plants are mainly used for medical research. C.Cloning technology can be used in the study of new plant species D.Cloning plants is more complicated and difficult than cloning animals. 32.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A.Future uses of cloning. B.Scientific researches of cloning. C.The products provided by cloning. D.The medical treatments brought about by cloning. 33.What does the underlined word "moral"in Paragraph 4 refer to? ·A.Physical health. B.Technical development C.Principle and belief. D.Knowledge and experience. 34.What's the author's attitude towards cloning? ·A.Supportive. 。B.Objective. ·C.Disapproving. ·D.Unconcerned. 4 核心词汇详解 1.clone 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：克隆动物；克隆植物：克隆技术 例：Zhongzhong and Huahua are cloned monkeys.（中中和华华是克隆猴) 动词(v,高中核心)：克隆；复制 例：Scientists cloned Doll则the sheep in19g6.（科学家于19g6年克隆出多 莉羊) 词性转换 形容词：cloned(克隆的) 名词：cloning(克隆过程或技术) 例：cloned animals,/plants（克隆动物/植物)、the debate on cloning（关于 克隆的辩论) 高频搭配 名词：natural clone(自然克隆)、cloned monkey(克隆猴)、human clone (克隆人) 动词：clone an animal（克隆动物)、clone a plant(克隆植物)、attempt to clone(尝试克隆) 易混辨析 clone vs copy:clone特指基因层面的生物复制：copy泛指物体、文件等 的复制 cloning vs reproduction:cloning强调无性繁殖；reproduction泛指生 物繁殖 2.endangered 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：濒危的；有灭绝危险的 例：endangered species（濒危物种)、endangered animal（濒危动物) 词性转换 动词：endanger(危害；使濒危) 名词：danger(危险)、endangerment(濒危) 例：Pollutants endanger the lives of animals.(污染物危害动物的生命) 高频搭配 形容词：endangered species(濒危物种)、endangered tiger(濒危老虎) 动词：endanger public health(危害公众健康)、endanger the environment (危害环境) 易混辨析 endangered vs dangerous:前者表示”处于危险中的：后者表示”危险 的” endangered vs threatened:前者濒危程度更严重；后者表示”受威胁的” 5 3.extinct 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：（物种）灭绝的；绝种的；（火山）死的：（语言 等)不再存在的 例：extinct species（灭绝物种)、become extinct（灭绝) 词性转换 动词：extinguish(熄灭；使消亡) 名词：extinction(灭绝；消亡) 例：extinguish a fire（灭火)、the extinction of dinosaurs（恐龙的灭绝) 高频搭配 形容词：extinct animal(灭绝动物)、long extinct(早已灭绝) 名词：mass extinction(大规模灭绝)、risk of extinction(灭绝风险) 易混辨析 extinct vs extinctive:extinct意为”已灭绝的”；extinctive意为”使灭 绝的” extinct vs disappeared:extinct指永久性消失；disappeared可能指暂 时消失 4.transplant 核心词性 名词(n,高核心)：（器官）移植：移植手术 例：organ transplant（器官移植)、heart transplant(心脏移植) 动词(v,高中核心)：移植（器官、组织、植物等） 例：transplant organs from animals to humans(将动物器官移植到人类身 上) 词性转换 名词：transplantation(移植过程) 例：organ transplantation（器官移植) 高频搭配 名词：bone marrow transplant(骨髓移植)、transplant recipient(移植接受 者) 动词：transplant into(移植到…里)、transplant from（从…移植) 易混辨析 transplant vs transfer:transplant指器官、植物移植；transfer泛指转 移、调动 transplant vs implant:transplant指整体移植；implant指植入人造物 6 5.moral 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：道德的：道义上的；品行端正的 例：moral concern(道德担忧)、moral problem(道德问题) 名词（n.,高中核心)：道德；道德规范（常用复数morals) 例：public morals（公共道德)、traditional morals（传统道德) 词性转换 副词：morally(道德上；道义上) 名词：morality(道德；道德准则) 例：morally wrong(道德上错误的)、the decline of morality(道德的沦丧) 高频搭配 形容词：moral issue(道德问题)、moral dilemma(道德困境) 名词：have high morals(品德高尚)、lower one's morals(降低道德水准) 易混辨析 moral vs ethical:moral侧重个人道德；ethical侧重职业伦理 moral vs mortal::moral意为”道德的”；mortal意为”致命的；终有一死 的” 6.straightforward 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：简单的；易懂的：坦率的；直截了当的 例：straightforward task（简单的任务)、st切aightforward explanation（易懂 的解释) 词性转换 副词：straightforwardly(直截了当地) 名词：straightforwardness(简单；坦率) 高频搭配 straightforward process(简单的过程)、straightforward person(坦率的人) 易混辨析 straightforward vs simple:前者强调”易懂、不复杂”；后者侧重”不复 杂、容易” straightforward vs direct:前者强调”简单明了”；后者强调”直接、不绕 弯” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34CACB 31.C (Cloning technology can be used in the study of new plant species.) 考点：细节理解题 语境分析：第二段明确提到Second,it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.”,说明克隆技术可用于新植物物种的研究。 选项辨析： 。A项与文中”1996年克隆羊多莉诞生”不符 ·B项”克隆植物主要用于医学研究”错误，第二段首句指出植物克隆主要用于”produce large quantities of plants for sale" 7 ·D项与”Cloning plants is fairly straightforward,while cloning animals is much more compli-- cated'”相悖 32.A (Future uses of cloning.) 考点：段落主旨题 语境分析：第三段首句"With the advances of scientific research,cloning will have several major uses in the future..”为该段主题句，后文For one thing..For another...Finally.”均围绕未来 克隆技术的应用展开。 选项辨析： ·B项”克隆的科学研究”范围过大 。C项”克隆提供的产品”仅为未来用途的部分内容 ·D项”克隆带来的医疗手段”是未来用途之一，不能概括全段 33.C (Principle and belief.) 考点：词义猜测题 语境分析：第四段后文列举的”复活灭绝动物困于动物园”动物作为器官移植来源受伤害”克 隆食品健康风险”克隆人伦理争议”等内容，均涉及道德准则和价值观层面的担忧。 选项辨析： 。A项”身体健康”仅对应”eating animal products..harmful” ·B项”技术发展”与”moral'”所在句”the biggest concerns are moral”及后文内容无关 ·D项”知识与经验”不符合语境 ”moral'”在此处指”道德原则和信仰”。 34.B (Objective.) 考点：作者态度题 语境分析：文章既介绍了克隆技术的当前用途和未来潜力（如拯救濒危物种、器官移植等），也 客观分析了其存在的道德争议（动物权益、健康风险、克隆人等），最后以whether cloning will help or harm the world”的疑问结尾，未明确表达支持或反对。 选项辨析： ·A项”支持的”、C项”反对的”均不符合作者中立陈述利弊的态度 ·D项”不关心的”与作者对克隆技术长远影响的探讨相悖 作者态度是客观的。