阅读理解22-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选22 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选 。文章长度：约390词 。核心知识点：动物、科普知识 。文体：说明文 ·考查重点：写作意图推断、细节理解、信息比对、动作描述 材料剖析 ·文章主题：非洲象使用个体名字进行交流的研究发现 ·结构线索：第一段引出动物命名现象→第二段提出非洲象核心发现→第三段解释命名 行为原因→第四段描述研究方法→第五段验证实验结果→第六段总结命名意义 ·逻辑发展：从普遍动物命名现象过渡到具体研究对象（非洲象）→阐述研究发现→分析 社会结构背景介绍科学方法通过实验验证→升华主题意义 阅读理解短文 Humans have names,of course,and dogs and cats may react when their names are called. Some ocean animals,including the dolphin,invent their own names when they are very young. And the birds called parrots may also use names.Each of these naming animals also have the ability to learn and say individual new sounds throughout their lives,as does the African elephant, the research shows. African elephants are among the largest animals that live on land.They call each other by and answer to individual names,a new study finds.Such communication is rare in the animal world.The names are one part of the low sounds,or rumbles,elephants make.They can hear these sounds over long distances where they live in the savannah-large grassy areas of land mixed with woodlands. Scientists believe that animals with complex social structures may be more likely to use in- dividual names.Stuart Pimm of Duke University is an ecologist who was not involved with the study.He said:"If you're looking after a large family,you've got to be able to say,Hey,Virginia, get over here!" The study was released in the publication Nature Ecology and Evolution.In the study,bi- ologists used machine learning to find the use of names in recordings of savanna elephant sounds The sounds were recorded at Kenya's Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park. The researchers followed the elephants as they traveled to observe which one called out and which 2 one appeared to answer.By examining only the audio data,the computer model predicted which elephant was being called 28 percent of the time,likely due to the inclusion of its name.When fed meaningless data,the model only correctly predicted eight percent of calls. Researchers tested their results by playing recordings to individual elephants.The elephants reacted more energetically,moving their ears and lifting their trunks,to recordings that contained their names.Sometimes elephants did not react in any way to the sounds of elephant names other than their own. Ecologist George Wittemyer,who helped write the study,said "Elephants are incredibly social, always talking and touching each other-this naming is probably one of the things that underpins their ability to communicate to individuals." 题目选项列表 28.The author mentions many animals in Paragraph 1 to. A.question the result B.introduce the topic C.illustrate an argument D.present an assumption 29.From the passage,we can know that A.communication between animals is rare in the animal world B.African elephants can't hear low sounds over long distances C.African elephants use individual names when communicating D.animals with simple social structures tend to use individual names 30.What did the researchers do in the study? A.They used the computer model to analyze the audio data. B.They followed the elephants to record their daily routine. C.They used machine learning to communicate with elephants. D.They tested the results by playing recordings to a group of elephants. 核心词汇详解 1.rumble 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：核心含义一是”（低沉的）隆隆声”（如雷声、动物叫 声)，例the rumble of elephants(大象的隆隆声)；二是”（车辆等的）颠簸 声”，例the rumble of a truck(卡车的轰鸣声)。 动词(v.,高中略考)：核心含义是”发出隆隆声；低沉地说”，例The thunder rumbled in the distance.(雷声在远处隆隆作响)；He rumbled a reply.(他 低沉地回答)。 高频搭配 名词：low rumble(低沉的隆隆声)、distant rumble(远处的隆隆声) 易混辨析 rumble vs roar:前者”低沉连续”，后者”响亮猛烈”（如狮吼） 3 2.savannah 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：核心含义是”（非洲的）稀树草原”，指树木稀疏、长 满草的大片区域，例live in the savannah(生活在稀树草原)。 高频搭配 African savannah(非洲稀树草原)、savannah ecosystem(稀树草原生态系 统) 易混辨析 savannah vs prairie:前者”热带草原”，后者”温带草原” 3.ecologist 核心词性 名词（，高频核心)：核心含义是”生态学家”，指研究生态系统的科学家， 例ecologist George Wittemyer(生态学家乔治·维特迈尔)。 词性转换 名词：ecology(生态学)、形容词：ecological(生态的) 例：ecological balance(生态平衡) 高频搭配 marine ecologist(海洋生态学家)、field ecologist(野外生态学家) 4.complex 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义一是”复杂的；难懂的”（事物结构或关 系)，例complex social structures（复杂的社会结构)；二是”复合的”（语 法或化学术语)，例complex sentence(复合句)。 名词(n.,高中略考)：核心含义是”复合物；综合体”，例a complex of buildings(建筑群)。 词性转换 副词：complexly,核心含义是”复杂地”，例The problem is complexly structured.(这个问题结构复杂)。 名词：complexity,核心含义是”复杂性”，例the complexity of the issue (问题的复杂性)。 高频搭配 形容词：complex system(复杂系统)、complex problem(复杂问题) 易混辨析 complex vs complicated:前者中性”结构复杂”，后者贬义”难懂繁琐” 5.publication 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：核心含义一是”出版物”（报纸、杂志、书籍等），例 the publication Nature Ecology and Evolution(《自然·生态与进化》期刊)： 二是”出版；发表”，例the publication of the study(研究的发表)。 词性转换 动词：publish,核心含义是”出版；发表”，例publish a paper（发表论文)。 名词：publisher,核心含义是”出版商；出版机构”，例a book publisher(图 书出版商)。 高频搭配 academic publication(学术出版物)、online publication(在线出版物) 6.machine learning 核心词性 名词短语(.，高频核心)：核心含义是”机器学习”，指计算机通过数据自 动学习的技术，例use machine learning to analyze data(用机器学习分析 数据)。 高频搭配 apply machine learning(应用机器学习)、machine learning algorithm(机 器学习算法) 相关术语 artificial intelligence(人工智能)、deep learning(深度学习) 7.recording 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义一是”录音；录像”，例recordings of ele- phant sounds(大象声音的录音)；二是”录制的内容”，例play recordings to elephants(给大象播放录音)。 动词(v.,高中略考)：核心含义是”记录；录制”，例record the sounds(录 制声音)。 词性转换 动词：record,核心含义是”记录；录制；录音/像”，例record the experiment results(记录实验结果)。 高频搭配 audio recording(录音)、video recording(录像) 8.reserve 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义一是”自然保护区”，例Samburu National Reserve(桑布鲁国家保护区)：二是”储备（物）：保留”，例oil reserve(石 油储备)。 动词(v.,高频核心)：核心含义是”保留；预订；储备”，例reserve a seat (预订座位)：reserve resources(储备资源)。 高频搭配 名词：wildlife reserve(野生动物保护区)、natural reserve(自然保护区) 易混辨析 reserve vs preserve:前者”预留/保护区”，后者”保护/保存”（强调维持 原状) 9.energetically 核心词性 副词(adv.,高频核心)：核心含义是”精力充沛地；积极地”，例react more energetically(反应更积极)。 词性转换 形容词： energetic,核心含义是”精力充沛的；积极的”，例an energetic reaction(精力充沛的反应)。 名词：energy,核心含义是”能量；精力”，例physical energy(体力)。 高频搭配 work energetically(精力充沛地工作)、respond energetically(积极回应) 5 10.underpin 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：核心含义是”巩固；支撑；构成…的基础”，例 underpin their ability to communicate(支撑它们的交流能力)。 高频搭配 underpin the theory(支撑理论)、underpin the structure(支撑结构) 易混辨析 underpin vs support:前者书面语”基础性支撑”，后者通用”支持” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：28-30BCA 1.28.B (introduce the topic) 考点：写作意图推断 语境逻辑：第一段先列举人类、猫狗、海豚、鹦鹉等动物对名字的反应或使用能力，最后引出” 非洲象也有终生学习新声音的能力”，而下文主体内容均围绕非洲象的”名字交流”展开。 逻辑分析：通过提及多种动物的命名现象，自然过渡到本文核心话题—非洲象的个体名字使 用，属于典型的”引出话题”手法。其他选项：A（质疑结果)与原文肯定语气不符；C(例证论 点)此时论点尚未提出；D(呈现假设)第一段描述的是已知现象，非假设。 2.29.C (African elephants use individual names when communicating) 考点：细节理解与信息比对 语境逻辑：第二段明确指出”African elephants..call each other by and answer to individual names”,且后文研究结果（听到自己名字反应更强烈）进一步证实这一点。 辨析：A(动物间交流罕见)偷换概念，原文说"Such communication(指用个体名字交流)is rare'”; B(非洲象听不到远距离低频声音)与第二段”They can hear these sounds over long distances” 矛盾；D(社会结构简单的动物倾向用名字)与第三段”animals with complex social structures may be more likely to use individual names”相反。C项与原文完全一致。 3.30.A (They used the computer model to analyze the audio data.) 考点：细节理解与动作描述 语境逻辑：第四段提到biologists used machine learning to find the use of names in recordings. By examining only the audio data,the computer model predicted..”,明确说明研究中使用计算 机模型分析音频数据。 辨析：B(跟踪大象记录日常话动)错误，原文是”followed the elephants as they traveled to observe which one called out and which one appeared to answer”,观察的是呼叫与▣应，非日 常：C(用机器学习与大象交流)无中生有，机器学习用于分析声音，非交流：D(对一群大象 播放录音测试)与第五段”playing recordings to individual elephants”不符。A项准确概括研究 方法。