阅读理解17-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解专项训练17 试题基本信息 ·题型：阅读理解-阅读单选(4题，约440词) ·核心知识点：科普知识、说明文 ·考查重点：词义猜测、段落主旨、细节理解、主旨大意 材料剖析 。第一段：以贝多芬为例引出两种创造力模式，重点引出”心流状态”的概念，并指出其因 机制不明而难以理解和研究的现状 ·第二段：提出研究的核心问题，即心流状态是涉及高度集中注意力还是注意力的释放，明 确了研究的基本方向。 ·第三段：介绍研究的具体实施情况，包括研究对象(32名爵士吉他手，分为新手和资深 者)以及让他们即兴演奏的实验任务。 ·第四段：呈现研究的初步结果，即资深音乐家心流状态的强度和频率更高，其即兴演奏也 被评为更具创造性。 第五段：通过对比高心流与低心流状态下的大脑活动，发现高心流时大脑前额叶（与认知 控制相关)活动减少。 。第六段：对比资深与新手音乐家在脑区活动上的差异，指出资深者在心流状态下听觉和视 觉等感官区域会被激活。 ·第七段：总结心流状态发生的两个条件，即通过练习形成专业脑网络以及释放有意识的控 制。 ·第八段：强调在心流状态下创作的价值，指出其成果虽未必顶尖但会是个人最佳且过程愉 悦。 阅读理解短文 Beethoven's notebooks show that he spent countless hours developing and revising the musical ideas.It was a painful and all-consuming process.Beethoven was also the most gifted improviser (即兴演奏者)of his time..He would sit at the piano and create,on demand,beautiful and imposing compositions. Beethoven illustrates two modes of creativity.Most people are familiar with the first type-the creative struggle-from personal experience.But the latter kind-the flow state-is more elusive. Researchers knew little about its inner mechanisms,and this lack of understanding hindered the development of techniques for training flow to boost one's creative production. In a study at Drexel University's Creativity Research Lab,we addressed this gap by pos- ing a basic question about the nature of creative flow:Does it involve intense concentration and 2 hyperfocused attention,or does it involve the release of attention and "letting go"? Our study examined flow in the context of jazz improvisation.We recruited 32 jazz guitarists for the study.Some were relative novices,whereas others were highly experienced.We directed them to improvise solos while listening to recorded jazz accompaniments. Notably,the most experienced musicians reported,on average,greater intensity and frequency of fow states.This finding makes sense because it is hard to imagine feeling effortless attention while performing an unfamiliar task.Also unsurprising was that,on average,the judges rated the experts'improvisations as more creative than the novices'improvisations. Next,to identify brain regions associated with the flow state,we compared brain activity during high-flow performances with that during low-flow performances.One striking finding was that high-flow performance were associated with reduced activity in the brain's frontal lobes 前额叶)，which are associated with executive function and cognitive control. Then we compared the most experienced musicians with the least experienced ones.The most experienced participants showed activity in a network of brain areas associated with hearing and vision during a flow state-sensory regions that were not activated in the low-experience musicians. So it seems that creative flow can occur when two conditions are met.First,one has to gain expertise by practicing the task enough to develop a specialized brain network for performing that task.Second,one must release conscious control so the specialized network can take over and produce ideas on autopilot,without the performer overthinking what they are doing. The end result might not be like a Beethoven sonata ()But if you can create it during a fow state,it will be your best work,and you will enjoy the process. 问题与选项 1.What does the word "elusive"underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Worthy of practice. B.Attractive to figure out. C.Accessible to achieve. D.Challenging to comprehend. 2.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A.The subjects of the study. B.A stage of the study. C.An assumption of the study. D.The objective of the study. 3.What can we learn from the study? A.Flow is a state of low cognitive control rather than hyperfocus. B.Flow state helps an inexperienced musician to concentrate easily. C.The brain's frontal lobes are less active during low-flow performance. D.Hearing and vision networks are activated in less experienced musicians. 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain two modes of creativity. B.To present the findings of a study of flow state. 3 C.To illustrate how to enter a state of effortless attention. D.To stress how important it is to create music during a flow state. 核心词汇详解 1.elusive 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：难以理解的；难懂的；难以捉摸的；不易记住的； 难以实现的：难获得的 例：The concept of flow state is elusive to many researchers.(心流状态的 概念对许多研究者来说难以理解) 词性转换 动词：elude(逃避；躲避；不为…所理解) 名词：elusion(逃避：回避) 高频搭配 elusive concept(难懂的概念)、elusive goal(难以实现的目标)、elusive truth (难以捉摸的真相) 易混辨析 elusive vs ambiguous:前者侧重”难以理解、捕捉或实现”；后者侧重”模 棱两可的：有歧义的” elusive vs evasive:前者主要描述事物特性；后者侧重人”回避的；推托 的” 2.improvisation 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：即兴创作；即兴表演：临时凑成的事物 例：Ja2 z improvisation requires great skill and creativity..(爵士乐即兴演奏 需要高超的技巧和创造力) 词性转换 动词：improvise(即兴创作；即兴表演；临时做) 形容词：improvised(临时的；即兴的) 高频搭配 musical improvisation(音乐即兴创作)、improvisation skills(即兴能力)、 free improvisation(自由即兴表演) 易混辨析 improvisation vs invention:前者侧重”无准备的现场创作”；后者侧重” 发明；创造” improvisation vs adaptation:前者强调”即兴创作”；后者侧重”改编； 改写” 3.cognitive 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：认知的；认识的；感知的 例：Cognitive control is important for focused attention..(认知控制对于专 注注意力很重要) 词性转换 名词：cognition(认知；认识) 副词：cognitively(认知上地；在认知方面) 高频搭配 cognitive control(认知控制)、cognitive function(认知功能)、cognitive psychology(认知心理学) 易混辨析 cognitive vs intellectual:前者侧重”认知能力”；后者侧重”智力的；脑 力的” cognitive vs mental:前者更专业，特指认知过程；后者含义更广，泛指” 精神的；心理的” 4.executive 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：行政的：执行的：有执行权的 名词(，高频核心)：主管：经理；行政部门：执行机构 例：The brain's frontal lobes are responsible for executive functions..(大脑 前额叶负责执行功能) 词性转换 动词：execute(执行；实施；处决：制作) 名词：execution(执行；实施；处决；表演) 高频搭配 executive function(执行功能)、executive decision(行政决策)、chief executive o伍cer(首席执行官) 易混辨析 executive vs administrative:前者侧重”决策和执行权”；后者侧重”行 政管理的：事务性的” executive vs manager:前者通常指高层管理者；后者泛指”经理” 5.expertise 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：专门知识；专业技能；专家的意见；鉴定 例：Gaining expertise requires years of practice.（获得专业技能需要多年的 练习) 词性转换 名词：expert(专家；能手) 形容词：expertised(具有专业知识的) 高频搭配 professional expertise(专业技能)、technical expertise(技术专长)、domain expertise(领域专长) 易混辨析 expertise vs skill:前者侧重”高度专业化的知识或技能”；后者泛指”技 能：技巧” expertise vs knowledge:前者是”专业知识”；后者泛指”知识” 5 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：28-31DBAB 1.D (Challenging to comprehend) 考点：词义猜测 语境逻辑：前文提到第一种创造力模式(creative struggle)”大多数人从个人经历中熟悉”， 而"the latter kind一the flow state -is more elusive”,通过对比”熟悉”与”elusive'”,以及 后文Researchers knew little about its inner mechanisms'”(研究者知之甚少)，可知”elusive'”意 为”难以理解的”。 选项辨析：A.Worthy of practice(值得练习)：B.Attractive to figure out(吸引人去弄明白)： C.Accessible to achieve(容易实现)；D.Challenging to comprehend(难以理解)。只有D符 合”研究者了解少”的语境。 2.B (A stage of the study) 考点：段落主旨 语境逻辑：第四段描述了研究的具体操作：”recruited32 jazz guitarists”"directed them to im- provise solos while listening to recorded jazz accompaniments'”,即研究的实施阶段。 选项辨析：A.The subjects of the study(研究对象)仅为部分内容；C.An assumption of the study(研究假设)未提及；D.The objective of the study(研究目的)是第三段内容。该段主 要介绍研究的一个具体阶段，故选B。 3.A (Flow is a state of low cognitive control rather than hyperfocus) 考点：细节理解 语境逻辑：第五段提到high-ow performance were associated with reduced activity in the brain's frontal lobes,which are associated with executive function and cognitive control"( 流状态前额叶活动减少，而前额叶与认知控制相关)，说明心流状态认知控制较低，而非高度专 注。 选项辨析：B.Flow state helps an inexperienced musician to concentrate easily(心流帮助新 手集中注意力)与第五段"it is hard to imagine feeling effortless attention while performing an unfamiliar task”矛盾；C.The brain's frontal lobes are less active during low-flow performance(低 心流前额叶活动少)与原文high-ow..reduced activity”相反；D.Hearing and vision networks are activated in less experienced musicians(新手激活视听网络)与第六段”sensory regions that were not activated in the low-experience musicians'”矛盾。A符合原文。 4.B (To present the findings of a study of flow state) 考点：主旨大意 语境逻辑：文章开头以贝多芬引出心流状态，第三段提出研究问题，第四至七段详细阐述研究 过程与发现，最后总结心流状态的条件。核心是呈现关于心流状态的研究发现。 选项辨析：A.To explain two modes of creativity(解释两种创造力模式)仅为开头引入；C. To illustrate how to enter a state of effortless attention(说明如何进入轻松专注状态)非重点； D.To stress how important it is to create music during a flow state(强调心流时创作音乐的重 要性)以偏概全。B准确概括主旨。