阅读理解14-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解14 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读表达（约410词） 。 核心知识点：方法/策略、社会问题与社会现象 。考查重点：细节理解、归纳判断、实践应用 材料剖析 ·内容发展线索：金融素养的定义÷日常活动转化为学习机会区分需求与欲望→参 与家庭讨论→不同阶段金融工具→持续学习的重要性 。逻辑发展线索：实用技能→具体实践→决策能力→意识培养→工具使用→终身学 为 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题 Mastering financial literacy -the ability to understand and effectively manage personal fi- nances-is a critical skill that can shape your future success.Financial literacy isn't something distant or abstract.It's a set of practical skills that can be developed from an early age.As you start a new school year,it's an ideal time to explore topics such as budgeting and the importance of responsible spending. You can turn everyday activities into learning opportunities to enhance your financial educa- tion.For example,grocery shopping can be a way to practice budgeting.You can help make a shopping list,estimate the prices of items,and discuss why it's essential to stick to a budget.This not only helps you understand the value of money but also teaches you to compare prices and think about whether you really need to spend more on certain items. When purchasing school supplies or holiday gifts,take a moment to reflect on what you truly need versus what you simply want.Learning to differentiate between "needs"and "wants"will empower you to make smarter spending decisions in the future. Getting involved in family discussions about larger purchases can also help you build financial awareness.Asking questions like,"Do we have enough savings?"You will gain a better understand- ing of the importance of money management and develop clear financial goals. As you grow older,you'll need tools to manage your money effectively.Banks offer various tools to support financial literacy at different stages of development.For younger individuals,debit cards with parental controls can provide real-life experience with spending and saving.As you progress into your high school years,you can transition to accounts that offer more independence while still allowing parents to maintain oversight. 2 However,developing financial literacy doesn't stop when you turn 18.Discussions should continue,focusing on more advanced topics such as credit building,debt management,and long- term financial planning. By starting early and engaging in these financial discussions,you will lay a solid foundation for your future and cultivate good financial habits that will last a lifetime. 题目 1.38.What is financial literacy according to the passage? 2.39.Why can grocery shopping help practice budgeting? 3.40.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. As you enter high school,you will have access to accounts that give you more independence without parental involvement. 4.41.If you get Y500 as pocket money,what are you going to do with it to show your financial literacy?(In about 40 words) 核心词汇详解 1.literacy 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义是”读写能力；素养”，文中搭配financial literacy(金融素养，重点考点)；拓展含义”精通；通晓”，例computer literacy (计算机应用能力) 词性转换 形容词：literate,核心含义是”有读写能力的；有文化的”，反义lliterate (文盲的，高频否定考点) 动词：literate无直接动词形式，相关动词为learn(学习)、acquire(获得)， 例acquire literacy skills(习得读写技能) 高频搭配 名词literacy的搭配：financial literacy(金融素养，文中核心短语)、digital literacy(数字素养，新兴考点)、basic literacy(基础读写能力) 易混辨析 literacy vs education:literacy侧重”具体技能的掌握（如读写、金融知 识应用)”；education侧重”系统性的教育过程或体系”，范围更广 literacy vs competence:literacy强调”对特定领域知识的理解与运用能 力”，如financial literacy;competence侧重”完成任务所需的综合能力”，更 泛化 3 2.budgeting 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：核心含义是”预算编制；预算规划”，文中搭配practice budgeting(练习预算规划)；动词(v.,高频核心)：核心含义是”制定预算； 规划开支”，例budget for monthly expenses(为月度开支做预算) 词性转换 名词：budget,核心含义是”预算；经费”，常用搭配make a budget(制定 预算)、within budget（在预算内) 形容词：budgetary,核心含义是”预算的”，例budgetary constraints(预 算限制，写作高级词汇) 高频搭配 名词budgeting的搭配：practice budgeting(练习预算规划，文中短语)、 personal budgeting(个人预算规划) 动词budget的搭配：budget money for sth.(为某事预算资金)、budget carefully(谨慎做预算) 易混辨析 budgeting vs saving:budgeting侧重”对收入与支出的系统性规划”； saving侧重”将收入的一部分留存起来”，是budgeting的具体行动之一 budgeting vs accounting:budgeting是”事前的预算规划”，accounting 是”事后的账目核算”，时间维度不同 3.responsible 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义一是”负责任的；有责任感的”，文中 搭配responsible spending(负责任的消费)；二是”有责任的；应承担责任 的”，常用搭配be responsible for(对…负责) 词性转换 名词：responsibility,核心含义是”责任；义务”，常用搭配take responsibility for(对…承担责任)、sense of responsibility(责任感) 副词：responsibly,核心含义是”负责任地”，例spend money responsibly (负责任地花钱) 高频搭配 形容词responsible的搭配：responsible spending(负责任的消费，文中短 语)、responsible citizen（负责任的公民)、be responsible for(对…负责， 高考高频短语) 易混辨析 responsible vs liable:responsible强调”主观上有责任感”，如responsible spending;liable侧重”法律上或道义上的责任”，例liable for damages(对 损害负责) responsible vs reliable:responsible侧重”对事情负责”，reliable侧重” 人或事物的可靠性”，如a reliable friend(可靠的朋友) 4.differentiate 核心词性 动词(v.,高频核心)：核心含义是”区分；辨别”，文中搭配differentiate between needs and wants(区分需求与欲望)；常用搭配differentiate A from B/differentiate between A and B(区分A和B) 词性转换 名词：difference,核心含义是”差异；不同”，常用搭配make a difference (有影响)、the difference between A and B(A与B的区别) 名词：differentiation,核心含义是”区分；差异化”，例product differentiation (产品差异化，商业类写作词汇) 形容词：different,核心含义是”不同的”，基础词汇，搭配be different from (与…不同) 高频搭配 动词differentiate的搭配：differentiate between needs and wants(区分需求 与欲望，文中短语)、differentiate oneself from others(使自己与他人区别开 来，写作高级表达) 易混辨析 differentiate vs distinguish:两者近义，均可搭配between A and B,但 differentiate更强调”通过细节或特征进行区分”，distinguish更强调”清晰 地识别差异” 5.independence 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：核心含义是”独立；自主”，文中搭配more indepen- dence(更多自主权)；常用搭配gain independence(获得独立)、financial independence(经济独立，高频考点) 词性转换 形容词：independent,核心含义是”独立的；自主的”，常用搭配be inde- pendent of(独立于…)、independent thinking(独立思考) 副词：independently,核心含义是”独立地，例work independently(独立 工作) 高频搭配 名词independence的搭配：financial independence(经济独立)、personal independence(个人独立)、more independence(更多自主权，文中短语) 易混辨析 independence vs freedom:independence侧重”不依赖他人的自主状态"， 如financial independence;freedom侧重”行动或选择不受限制的自由”，范 围更广 5 6.parental 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：核心含义是”父母的；亲代的”，文中搭配parental controls(家长控制)、parental involvement(家长参与)；常用搭配parental guidance(家长指导) 词性转换 名词：parent,核心含义是”父亲；母亲；家长”，复数parents(父母)，常 用搭配parent company(母公司，商业词汇) 名词：parenthood,核心含义是”父母身份；亲子关系”，例the responsibilities of parenthood(为人父母的责任) 高频搭配 形容词parental的搭配：parental controls(家长控制，文中短语)、parental involvement(家长参与，文中否定考点)、parental support(家长支持) 易混辨析 parental vs maternal/,paternal:parental泛指”父母双方的”；maternal 仅指”母亲的”，paternal仅指”父亲的”，范围更具体 7.involvement 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义是”参与；介入；牵连”，文中搭配parental involvement(家长参与)；常用搭配involvement in sth.(参与某事)、active involvement(积极参与) 词性转换 动词：involve,核心含义是”包含；涉及；使参与”，高频搭配be involved in(参与；卷入)、involve doing sth.(需要做某事) 形容词：involved,核心含义是”参与的；复杂的”，例the involved process (复杂的过程) 高频搭配 名词involvement的搭配：parental involvement(家长参与，文中短语)、 involvement in community activities(参与社区活动) 动词involve的搭配：be involved in financial discussions(参与金融讨论，文 中变体)、involve a lot of work(需要大量工作) 易混辨析 involvement vs participation:involvement侧重”参与的程度或状态”， 可深可浅；participation侧重”正式的、主动的参与行为”，更强调动作本身 6 8.credit 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：核心含义一是”信用；信贷”，文中搭配credit building (信用建设)；二是”学分”，例earn credit(获得学分)；三是”赞扬”，例get credit for sth.(因某事受赞扬) 动词(v.,次核心)：核心含义是”把…归于；相信”，例credit sb.with sth.(认为某人有某事的功劳) 词性转换 形容词：creditable(值得赞扬的)、形容词：credible(可信的) 高频搭配 名词：credit card(信用卡)、build credit(建立信用)、credit score(信用 评分) 动词：credit sb.with sth.(把功劳归于某人)、credit sth.tosb.(把某事归 功于某人) 易混辨析 credit vs trust:credit侧重”经济信用或信任”，如build credit:trust侧 重”信任”，更广泛 credit vs belief:credit侧重”认可或相信”，belief侧重”信念或信仰” 答案与逐题解析 答案： 38.The ability to understand and effectively manage personal finances. 39.Because you can help make a shopping list,estimate prices,discuss sticking to a budget,understand money value,compare prices and think about needs vs wants. 40.The false part is "without parental involvement".The passage states"accounts that offer more independence while still allowing parents to maintain oversight". 41.I will save most for future needs,spend a small part on necessary stationery,and set aside some for occasional wants to balance saving and reasonable spending. 1.38.考点：细节理解题 语境：文章首句直接定义"Mastering financial literacy一the ability to understand and effectively manage personal finances”,直接提取关键信息即可。 2.39.考点：细节归纳题 语境：第二段明确提到"grocery shopping can be a way to practice budgeting.You can help make a shopping list,estimate the prices of items,and discuss why it's essential to stick to a budget.This not only helps you understand the value of money but also teaches you to compare prices and think about whether you really need to spend more on certain items'”,需整合清单 制作、价格估算、预算坚持、价值理解、比价及需求思考等要点。 3.40.考点：细节判断题 语境：第五段指出”As you progress into your high school years,you can transition to accounts that offer more independence while still allowing parents to maintain oversight","still allowing parents to maintain oversight'”与题干"without parental involvement”矛盾，据此判断错误部分 并解释。 > 4.41.考点：实践应用题 语境：需体现文章倡导的预算、需求区分、储蓄等财务素养，结合”differentiate between'needs' and'wants'"build financial awareness'"”saving”等核心概念，合理分配5O0元零花钱，展示储 蓄、必要支出与合理消费的平衡。