阅读理解13-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选13 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解(4题，约480词) ·核心知识点：动物、科普知识、议论文 。考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、标题归纳 3 阅读理解文章 Ask most scientists if we're animals and you'll get a funny look.Of course,we're humans!But very commonly,humans are set apart from animals using random division. In 2018,a pair of long-tailed macaques were cloned to be used in biomedical research.A few years earlier,the United Nations stated that cloning people goes against human dignity. That may be a good ruling.But what exactly is dignity,and why do humans have it while intelligent,.aware primates(灵长目a动物)such as macaques do not?A macaque may not think or talk about dignity,but does that mean it doesn't possess it?The fact is,biology won't leap to our assistance here because dignity is a human invention. “Dignity”originates in Enlightenment dualist(二元论者)ideas separating cognition from physicality and instinct,and later a new binary emerged:the human mind and our physical bodies.In this worldview,the impulses and feelings of animal bodies(including our own)are viewed as less important than our mental experiences. Many of our laws and guidelines today create hard borders between humans and other animals on the basis of our supposedly superior mental properties.To maintain a strict boundary between our experiences and those of all other animals,we find ourselves pri- oritizing what we consider mind-based phenomena when making policies.So we demote experiences of fear and promote the idea that knowing fear-recognizing it,naming it-is what matters morally.We brush under the carpet the fact that these cognitive capacities,if present at all,change throughout our lives without altering our moral status.For example, babies experience fear but can't conceptualize it.This doesn't alter our belief in their moral subjecthood. I look at the history of science and psychology research to understand how our discomfort with some aspects of being animals-from moral confusion to mortality-can spur us to tell ourselves that we're not really animals.I conclude that it's time for a much-needed change in belief that no longer splits the world into unhelpful and unscientific binaries.The overwhelming bulk of scientific data from the past few decades points to how essential our animal,physical life is to our actions,feeling and thoughts.A research into child development has shown that significant,measurable advantages in acquiring language and mathematics follow the use of physical movement and gesture. We urgently need to get a handle on what it means to be an animal and move beyond old-fashioned dualism.It's not just that we're animals:embodied,physical experiences are richer and more meaningful than we've recognized.If that means we need to rethink our relationship to other animals.so be it. 问题部分 29.What can we know about "dignity"in the passage? (a)A.It is a term which separates humans from animals. (b)B.It is a cognitive standard shared by all primates. 4 (c)C.It is an idea combining human body and mind. (d)D.It is an emotional feature of human being. 30.Why does the author mention the example of babies in Para.3? (a)A.To prove cognitive ability is needed for moral subjecthood. (b)B.To show the change of cognitive ability in moral development. (c)C.To highlight the importance of cognitive ability in policy making. (d)D.To stress the existence of moral status regardless of level of cognition. 31.What is the writer trying to propose? (a)A.A shift away from dualistic thinking. (b)B.A new method for scientific research. (c)C.Less emphasis on physical experiences. (d)D.More attention to cognitive development. 32.Which is the best title of the article? (a)A.But We Are Animals,Aren't We? (b)B.Thus We Claim Dignity,Don't We? (c)C.But We Are Truly Different,Aren't We? (d)D.So We Prefer Our Animal Nature,Don't We? 核心词汇详解 1.dignity 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：尊严；自尊（抽象概念，强调个体价值与权利） 文中搭配：human dignity(人类尊严) 延伸含义：庄严：端庄（指举止、态度的庄重感） 高频搭配 human dignity(人类尊严)、sense of dignity(尊严感) with dignity(有尊严地)、beneath one's dignity(有失身份) 易混辨析 dignity vs respect:前者是”自身尊严”，后者是”对他人的尊敬” dignity vs honor:前者强调”内在价值”，后者强调”外在荣誉” 2.biomedical 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：生物医学的（结合生物学与医学的交叉学科领域） 文中搭配：biomedical research(生物医学研究) 词性转换 名词：biomedicine(生物医学) 高频搭配 biomedical engineering(生物医学工程)、biomedical science(生物医学科 学) 5 3.primate 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：灵长目动物（生物学分类，包括人类、猴子等） 文中搭配：intelligent aware primates(有智慧、有意识的灵长目动物) 高频搭配 non-human primates(非人灵长类)、primate behavior(灵长类行为) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：29-32ADAA 29.A (It is a term which separates humans from animals.) 考点：细节理解 语境：文章提到"dignity is a human invention”以及”Enlightenment dualist ideas separating cognition from physicality...later a new binary emerged:the human mind and our physical bodies'”,说明”尊严”是人类创造的、用于区分人与动物的概念。 辨析：B项”所有灵长类共有的认知标准”与原文humans have it while.macaques do not'” 矛盾；C项”结合身心的概念”与”separating cognition from physicality”不符：D项”人类的 情感特征”未提及，原文强调其为”human invention'”和”dualist ideas”的产物，核心是分离人 与动物，故选A。 30.D (To stress the existence of moral status regardless of level of cognition.) 考点：推理判断 语境：第三段提到"these cognitive capacities..change throughout our lives without altering our moral status'”,随后以婴儿为例"babies experience fear but can't conceptualize it.,This doesn't alter our belief in their moral subjecthood”,可见作者用婴儿例子是为了论证道德地位不取决 于认知能力的高低。 辨析：A项”证明道德主体性需要认知能力”与原文”without altering our moral status'”相悖； B项”展示认知能力在道德发展中的变化”非重点：C项”强调认知能力在政策制定中的重要 性”与原文批判"prioritizing mind-based phenomena”的态度不符，故选D。 31.A (A shift away from dualistic thinking.) 考点：主旨大意 语境：文章结尾明确提出”it's time for a change..no longer splits the world into unhelpful and unscientific binaries'”"move beyond old-fashioned dualism”,可见作者主张摒弃二元论思维。 辨析：B项”新的科研方法”未提及；C项”减少对身体体验的重视”与”embodied,physical experiences are richer and more meaningful”相悖；D项”更多关注认知发展”与批判"prioritizing mind-based phenomena”不符，故选A。 32.A (But We Are Animals,Aren't We?) 考点：标题归纳 语境：文章开篇以”Ask most scientists if we're animals..Of course,we're humans!!But.”引 出核心疑问，全文围绕”人类是否为动物”展开，批判二元论对人与动物的割裂，强调”we' animals”及"essential our animal,physical life”。 辨析：B项”尊严”是文中用于区分人与动物的概念，非核心主题；C项”我们真的不同吗？” 6 与作者主张”we're animals”的态度相悖；D项”更喜欢动物本性”过度引申，原文强调”承认是 动物”而非”偏好”，A项以反问引发思考，契合全文对”人类动物本质”的探讨，故选A。