阅读理解12-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选12 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（4题，全文约460词) 。 核心知识点：科普知识、社会问题与社会现象 ·文章类型：说明文 。考查重点：词义猜测、细节理解、作者态度、语境逻辑 材料剖析 。文章主题：Ghosting(幽灵式断联)现象及其社会影响 ·结构分析： 一第一段：定义“Ghosting”并说明其表现 一第二段：对比互联网前后切断联系的难易程度及原因 -第三段：分析“Ghosting”的原因之一（避免情感麻烦） -第四段：分析“Ghosting?”的另一原因（无限选择与决策疲劳） -第五段：说明“Ghosting”对被实施者(ghostee)的影响 -第六段：说明“Ghosting”对实施者(ghoster)的影响 一第七段：提出对结束关系方式的看法和建议 。感情发展线索：客观定义→原因分析→影响阐述→批判性建议 阅读理解短文 Ghosting is a term that refers to the practice of one person ending all forms of communication with another,without any warning or reason.Messages are left on "read",calls are ignored,and social media ties may be severed. Before the internet,many relationships were formed within inter-connected circles,typically through friends or at work.It would have been much harder to completely sever contact with someone without the awkwardness of bumping into them or facing negative social implications within the community.Now with so many relationships initiated online with fewer connections in common,there are fewer consequences to deal with if we decide to disconnect from someone in a less-than-ethical way. Ghosting can be seen as an effortless solution for avoiding the emotional messiness of having to explain to somebody why you no longer want to continue engaging with them.Deliberately avoiding conflicts can be a form of self-protection to safeguard the ghoster from anxiety or stress, especially if they have had negative experiences dealing with conflict in the past. Ghosting culture can also be interpreted as resulting from the unlimited choices that we now 2 have at our fingertips when it comes to finding a new partner,job or social circle to join.With the huge array of possibilities out there for us to pick from,it has become far too easy to view others as commodities,ready to trade in at the click of a button for something bigger and better.Decision fatigue (plays a factor too,especially when we are trying to balance numerous options all in one go.Ghosting provides a practical strategy for weeding out less desirable candidates and saving our energy and time from having to explain why they didn't make the cut. Ghosting might be becoming increasingly frequent these days,but that doesn't mean it has become any easier to deal with.The ghostee might then endlessly re-examine every last interaction to pinpoint a cause for the termination of the relationship.This usually leads to negative conclusions and self-blame. However,it's not only the recipient who suffers from the consequences of ghosting.If ghosting and avoidance become a common occurrence in the ghoster's social interactions with others,they risk missing out on healthy long-term relationships that require effective communication skills, problem-solving and trust in order to thrive. Disconnection is an unavoidable aspect of life but how we choose to end relationships is fully within our control.It may seem cliche but adopting old-fashioned principles,such as treating others the way we would like to be treated,will prevent us from becoming a society haunted by undesirable behaviour. 题目选项列表 25.What does the underlined word "severed"in Para.1 mean? A.Built up.B.Cut off.C.Given away.D.Relied on. 26.Which of the following situations is an example of ghosting? A.A guide cancels the travel plan at the last minute. B.A child hangs out with friends without telling parents. C.A friend stops having any forms of interactions with you. D.A student refuses to hand in homework without explanation. 27.How might ghosting affect the ghostee? A.Self-defense in the face of criticism. B.Effective management of relationship. C.Self-doubt due to unexpected breakups. D.Long-term relief from intense conflicts. 28.What is the author's attitude towards ghosting? A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.Uncertain.D.Objective. 3 核心词汇详解 1.ghosting 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：幽灵式断联；突然失联（指单方面终止所有沟通且不 解释的行为) 例：Ghosting is a common phenomenon in online relationships.(幽灵式断 联是网络关系中的常见现象) 词性转换 动词：ghost（突然中断与…的联系；幽灵式断联) 例：She ghosted him after their third date.(第三次约会后她就跟他断联了) 高频搭配 名词：ghosting culture(幽灵式断联文化)、the consequences of ghosting(幽 灵式断联的后果)、avoid ghosting(避免幽灵式断联) 动词：ghost sb.(与某人断联)、ghost a relationship(中断一段关系) 易混辨析 ghosting vs disconnection:前者特指“无预警、无解释地终止所有沟通”， 强调行为的突然性和不负责任性：后者泛指“断开联系”，是中性词，可指主 动或被动、有解释或无解释的中断，范围更广 例：the disconnection of electricity(断电) 2.sever 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：切断；断绝（联系、关系等）；割断（实物）；分割： 分裂（国家、组织等） 例：social media ties may be severed(社交媒体联系可能被切断) 词性转换 名词：severance(断绝；解雇金) 例：severance of diplomatic relations(外交关系的断绝) 高频搭配 sever ties/connections with sb.(与某人断绝联系)、sever relations between (断绝…之间的关系)、sever a limb(截断肢体) 易混辨析 sever vs cut off:sever更正式，强调“彻底、永久性地切断”，多用于书 面语，尤其是描述关系、联系的断绝：cut off更口语化，可指“切断（实物、 供应等)”，也可指“中断（电话、思路等）” 例：We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.(我们谈话到一半被 打断了) 3.ethical 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：道德的；合乎道德的：伦理的；涉及伦理的；（职 业等)合乎职业道德的 例：ethical behavior(道德行为) 词性转换 名词：ethics(道德准则：伦理规范，常用复数；伦理学，单数) 例：business ethics(商业道德) 副词：ethically(道德上；伦理上) 例：ethically wrong(道德上错误的) 高频搭配 ethical principles(道德原则)、ethical dilemma(道德困境)、less-than-ethical way(不太道德的方式)、ethical decision(合乎道德的决定) 易混辨析 ethical vs moral:ethical更强调“符合特定职业、群体或社会公认的伦 理标准”，多用于正式语境；moral更侧重“个人的道德观念和善恶判断” 例：a moral person（有道德的人) 4.commodity 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：商品；货物（用于贸易、经济场景）：有用的东西：有 价值的物品；比喻义“被视为商品的人或事物” 例：view others as commodities(将他人视为商品) 词性转换 形容词：commoditized(商品化的) 例：commoditized products(商品化产品) 高频搭配 commodity market(商品市场)、commodity prices(商品价格)、raw com- modity(原材料商品)、human commodity(人力商品) 易混辨析 commodity vs goods:commodity指“可大规模交易的商品”，尤指原材 料或初级产品，多用于经济学语境；gOos泛指“供出售的商品”，是普通用 词，单复数同形 例：household goods(家居用品) 5.fatigue 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：疲劳；疲倦（生理或心理上的）；（金属等的)疲劳 (物理术语) 例：decision fatique(决策疲劳) 动词(v,高中略考)：（使）疲劳：（使）厌倦 例：The long journey fatigued her..(长途旅行使她疲惫不堪) 词性转换 形容词：fatigued(疲劳的；疲惫的) 例：feeling fatigued(感到疲惫) 高频搭配 名词：mental fatigue(精神疲劳)、physical fatigue(身体疲劳)、combat fatigue(战斗疲劳症)、suffer from fatigue(感到疲劳) 动词：fatigue sb./oneself(使某人/自己疲劳)、be fatigued with work(因工 作而疲劳) 易混辨析 fatigue vs tiredness:fatigue更正式，强调“长时间劳累或过度使用导致 的深度疲劳”，可能需要休息才能恢复，常用于医学或心理学语境：tiredness 是最普通用词，指“身体或精神上的疲倦”，程度较轻 例：I feel tiredness after a day's work.(工作一天后我感到疲倦） 6.termination 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：终止；结束（合同、关系、过程等）；解雇；终止雇佣 例：the termination of the relationship(关系的终止) 词性转换 动词：terminate(终止；结束；解雇) 例：terminate a contract(终止合同) 高频搭配 termination notice(终止通知)、the termination date(终止日期)、voluntary termination(自愿终止)、involuntary termination（非自愿终止) 动词：terminate with(以…结束)、terminate an agreement(终止协议)、 terminate due to(因…终止) 易混辨析 termination vs ending:termination更正式，多用于书面语，强调“有 计划或依法的终止”，尤指合同、雇佣、关系等的正式结束；ending是普通 用词，泛指“任何事物的结尾或结束部分” 例：the ending of the story（故事的结尾) 6 7.recipient 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：接受者；收件人 例：the recipient of the award(奖项获得者) 词性转换 动词：receive(收到；接受) 例：receive a letter(收到一封信) 形容词：recipient-.related(与接受者相关的) 高频搭配 the recipient of sth.(某物的接受者)、primary recipient(主要接受者)、 beneficiary recipient(受益接受者) 易混辨析 recipient vs receiver:recipient更正式，多指“奖项、信件、帮助等的接 受者”；receiver更通用，可指“电话听筒、无线电接收器”或“接收信息的 人” 例：the receiver of the phone call(电话接听者) 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：25-28BCCB 25.B (Cut off) 考点：词义猜测 语境逻辑：前文提到“结束所有形式的交流”“消息已读不回”“电话被忽略”，可知此处指社交 媒体联系可能被“切断”。 选项辨析：A.Built up(建立)；B.Cut off(切断)；C.Given away(赠送)：D.Relied on(依 赖)。只有B符合“完全停止交流”的语境逻辑。 26.C(A friend stops having any forms of interactions with you.) 考点：细节理解 语境逻辑：第一段定义“ghosting”为“一个人结東与另一个人的所有交流形式，没有任何警告 或理由”。 选项辨析：A项“导游取消计划”、B项“孩子不告知父母外出”、D项“学生不交作业”均未 体现“完全停止所有交流”，只有C项“朋友停止与你有任何形式的互动”符合定义。 27.C (Self-doubt due to unexpected breakups.) 考点：细节理解 语境逻辑：第五段提到“被冷落者可能会不断重新审视每一次互动，找出关系终止的原因，这通 常会导致负面结论和自责”。 选项辨析：A项“面对批评自我防御”、B项“有效管理关系”、D项“长期缓解冲突”均与原 文不符，C项“因意外分手产生自我怀疑”符合“负面结论和自责”的描述。 28.B(Disapproving.） 考点：作者态度 语境逻辑：最后一段提到“如何结束关系完全在我们的控制范围内”“用我们希望被对待的方式 对待他人，将防止我们成为一个被不良行为困扰的社会”，隐含对“ghosting”的否定。 选项辨析：作者指出ghosting对双方的伤害，并倡导“己所不欲勿施于人”，可见态度是不赞成 7 的，而非支持(A)、不确定(C)或客观(D)。