阅读理解9-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

2 阅读理解-阅读单选9 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（4小题，全文约420词) 。核心知识点：动物行为、议论文、科普说明 ·考查重点：作者态度、写作目的、词义猜测、段落主旨 材料剖析 ·文章主题：探讨老虎为何不频繁攻击人类的原因，提出视觉观察假说 结构脉络：现象引入→反驳旧观点→提出新假设→详细解释视觉理论→对比论证 。论证方式：通过逻辑推理和形象对比（直立vs蹲姿）支持观点 阅读理解短文 As you leave the Bandhavgarh National Park in India,there is a notice which shows a huge tiger.The notice says,"You may not have seen me,but I have seen you.There are more than a billion people in India and Indian tigers probably see humans every single day.Tigers can and do kill almost anything they meet in the jungle.However,it is a little strange that attacks on humans are not that frequent. Some people might argue that these attacks were in fact common in the past.But there were far more tigers around in those days.So,to some extent,attacks appear to have been as rare then as they are today. People think it is because of fears,but what exactly are tigers afraid of?Can they really know that we may be even better armed than they are?Surely not.Has the species programmed the experiences of all tigers with humans into its genes to be inherited as instinct?Perhaps.But I think the explanation may be simpler and,in a way,more interesting. I suspect that a tiger's fear of humans lies in the way he actually observes us visually.Imagine a tiger sees a man who is 1.8 meters tall.A tiger is less than 1 meter tall but he may be up to 3 meters long from head to tail.So when a tiger sees the man face on,it might not be unreasonable for him to assume that the man is 6 meters long.If he met a deer of this size,he might attack the animal by leaping on its back,but when he looks behind the man,he can't see a back.From the front the man is huge,but looked at from the side he all but disappears.This must be very disturbing.A hunter has to be confident that it can kill its prey,and no one is confident when they are disconcerted. The opposite is true of a squatting human.A squatting human is half the size and presents twice the spread of back,and appears like a medium-sized deer.Many incidents of attacks on 3 people involve villagers bending over to cut grass.The fact that humans stand upright may not just distinguish them from other species,but also help them to survive in an unpredictable environment. 题目列表 1.As for some people's opinion on tiger attacks,the author is A.objective B.unconcerned C.supportive D.disapproving 2.Why does the author raise three questions in Paragraph 3? A.To present assumptions.B.To evaluate arguments. C.To question findings.D.To confirm opinions. 3.What does the underlined word "disconcerted"in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Confused.B.Annoyed.C.Depressed.D.Surprised. 4.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A.It is the genes that cause the tiger's fear of humans B.It is hard for a tiger to make out the shape of humans. C.Tigers sense the danger the moment they spot humans. D.Tigers are less confident when facing squatting humans. 核心词汇详解 1.inherit 核心词性 动词(V,高频核心)：继承（财产、头衔等）；经遗传获得（特征、品质等） 例：inherit a fortune(继承一笔财产)：inherit good health from parents（从 父母那里遗传到良好的健康状况) 词性转换 名词：inheritance(继承；遗产；遗传) 形容词：inherited(遗传的；继承的) 例：inheritance ta.x(遗产税)；inherited traits（遗传特征) 高频搭配 inherit from(从…继承；从…遗传)、inherit property(继承财产)、inherit genes(遗传基因) 易混辨析 inherit vs acquire:inherit强调“通过遗传或法律继承获得”，acquire强 调“通过努力、学习或经历主动获得” inheritance vs heritage:inheritance侧重“依法继承的财产或遗传的特 征”，heritage侧重“文化、历史等方面的遗产” 2.instinct 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：本能；天性；直觉 例：maternal instinct（母性本能)：trust your instinct（相信你的直觉) 词性转换 形容词：instinctive(本能的；直觉的) 副词：instinctively(本能地；直觉地) 例：instinctive reaction（本能反应)；react instinctively(本能地做出反应) 高频搭配 by instinct(凭本能)、animal instinct(动物本能)、survival instinct(求生 本能) 易混辨析 instinct vs intuition:instinct侧重“动物或人类天生的、无需思考的本 能反应”，intuition侧重“人类基于经验或潜意识的直觉判断” instinctive vs inherent:i instinctive强调“源于本能的”，inherent强调 “内在固有的、本质的” 3.disturbing 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：令人不安的：引起烦恼的；扰乱的 例：disturbing news(令人不安的消息)；disturbing noise(千扰性噪音) 动词(v.,原形disturb):打扰：干扰：使不安；扰乱 例：disturb sb.from work（打扰某人工作)：be disturbed by(被…打扰) 词性转换 名词：disturbance(打扰；骚乱；干扰) 副词：disturbingly(令人不安地；使人烦恼地) 例：sleep disturbance(睡眠障碍)：disturbingly high(高得令人不安) 高频搭配 disturbing trend(令人不安的趋势)、disturbing behavior(令人不安的行为) 易混辨析 disturbing vs disturbed:disturbing修饰事物，表示“令人不安的”， disturbed修饰人，表示“感到不安的” disturb vs interrupt:disturb侧重“使某人无法安静或专注”，interrupt 侧重“打断某人的谈话或活动” 5 4.prey 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：猎物；受害者；受骗者 例：hunt for prey（捕食猎物)；fall prey to(成为…的受害者) 动词()：捕食；捕猎；欺凌；坑害 例：birds preying on insects(捕食昆虫的鸟)：prey on the weak(欺负弱者) 词性转换 形容词：preyed(被捕食的；受迫害的) 例：preyed animals（被捕食的动物) 高频搭配 natural prey(天然猎物)、easy prey(容易捕获的猎物)、prey species(猎 物物种) 易混辨析 prey vs victim:prey多指“被动物捕食的猎物”或“被欺骗的受害者”， victim泛指“受害者” prey vs hunt:prey作动词时强调“捕食的行为”，hunt强调“狩猎的过 程” 5.squatting 核心词性 动词(v.,原形squat):蹲；蹲坐；非法占用（土地或房屋） 例：squat down(蹲下)；squat in an empty house（非法占用空房) 名词(n.):蹲坐；蹲姿；非法占用的建筑物 形容词(adj.):矮胖的；短粗的 例：sit in a squat(蹲着坐)；a squat building（矮胖的建筑) 词性转换 名词：squatter(蹲着的人；非法占地者) 例：homeless squatters（无家可归的占地者) 高频搭配 squat on(蹲在…上；非法占用)、squat for a rest(蹲下休息) 易混辨析 squat vs kneel:squat指“双脚着地、臀部靠近脚跟的蹲姿”，kneel指 “膝盖着地的跪姿” 6 6.unpredictable 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：不可预测的；难以预料的 例：unpredictable weather（多变的天气) 动词(v.,原形predict):预测；预料 例：predict the future（预测未来)） 词性转换 名词：unpredictability(不可预测性) 名词：prediction(预测：预言) 形容词：predictable(可预测的) 副词：unpredictably(不可预测地) 例：the unpredictability of life（生活的不可预测性)；make a prediction（做 预测) 高频搭配 unpredictable behavior(难以预料的行为)、unpredictable outcome(不可预 测的结果) 易混辨析 unpredictable vs changeable:unpredictable强调“无法提前预知”， changeable强调“容易变化” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：31-34DAAB l.D(disapproving） 考点：作者态度推断 语境逻辑：第二段开头“Some people might argue that these attacks were in fact common in the past.But there were far more tigers around in those days.So,to some extent,attacks appear to have been as rare then as they are today.”作者先用“Some people might argue”引出他人 观点，随后用“Bt”转折，指出过去老虎数量更多，因此攻击频率实际和现在一样低，通过转 折词“but”和反驳逻辑表明作者不赞同该观点。 选项辨析：A.objective(客观的)：B.unconcerned(不关心的)：C.supportive(支持的)；D. disapproving(不赞成的)。作者明确反驳了“过去老虎攻击人类更常见”的观点，故D正确。 2.A (To present assumptions.) 考点：写作目的分析 语境逻辑：第三段三个问题“Can they really know that we may be even better armed than they are?Surely not.Has the species programmed the experiences of all tigers with humans into its genes to be inherited as instinct?Perhaps.”作者提出问题后并未直接否定或肯定，而是用 “Surely not”“Perhaps”等词表明这些是待验证的假设，目的是引出后文自己的解释。 选项辨析：A.To present assumptions(提出假设)；B.To evaluate arguments(评估论点)；C. To question findings(质疑发现)：D.To confirm opinions(确认观点)。三个问题均为对老虎怕 人的原因的推测，属于呈现假设，故A正确。 3.A (Confused.) 考点：词义猜测 7 语境逻辑：第四段“From the front the man is huge,.but looked at from the side he all but disappears.This must be very disturbing.A hunter has to be confident that it can kill its prey,and no one is confident when they are disconcerted.”老虎看到人类正面巨大、侧面几乎 消失，这种视觉上的矛盾让老虎感到“disturbing”(令人不安的)，因此“disconcerted”应与 “disturbing”语义相近，指因困惑而不自信。 选项辨析：A.Confused(困惑的)；B.Annoyed(恼怒的)；C.Depressed(沮丧的)：D.Surprised (惊讶的)。“disconcerted”由“dis-”(否定)和“concerted”(协调的)构成，字面意为“不协 调的”，引申为“困惑的”，与“视觉上的矛盾导致不安”呼应，故A正确。 4.B (It is hard for a tiger to make out the shape of humans.) 考点：段落主旨理解 语境逻辑：第四段描述老虎看人类正面巨大、侧面消失，第五段提到“squatting human.appears like a medium-sized deer”“Many incidents..involve villagers bending over”。可知老虎对人类 直立和蹲下的形态有不同判断，难以准确识别人类的形状，导致攻击行为与人类姿势相关。 选项辨析：A.基因导致老虎怕人（作者在第三段质疑了基因论，认为解释更简单）：B.老虎难 以辨认人类的形状（符合“正面巨大、侧面消失”“蹲下像鹿”等视觉困惑的描述）；C.老虎发 现人类时立即感知危险（文中未提“危险感知”，强调的是视觉困惑）：D.面对蹲下的人类更不 自信（第五段说蹲下的人类像鹿，老虎更可能攻击，说明此时老虎更自信）。B正确。