阅读理解8-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读单选8 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-阅读单选（约410词) 。 核心知识点：科普知识说明文 ·考查重点：细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意 材料剖析 ·文章结构线索：介绍“笑实验室”项目背景与目的→阐述研究意义与初步发现→分析 男女幽默感差异→探讨国家幽默感差异→测试计算机生成笑话的结果 ·逻辑发展线索：从具体项目描述到抽象研究目的，逐步揭示幽默的跨文化、跨性别特征， 最终强调人类幽默的独特性 阅读理解短文 Dr.Wiseman started "the laugh lab"project in September.It is the largest study of humour. Participants (are invited to log on to the laugh lab website,give a few personal details,tell their favourite jokes and judge the jokes told by other people. The project will last for a year,and the organisers hope to finally discover the world's funniest joke.But there is also a serious purpose.The researchers want to know what people from different nations and cultures find funny.And they want to find out the differences between the male and female sense of humour.The idea is that if we want to understand each other.we have to find out what makes us laugh. This is a subject that has long attracted psychologists and philosophers.Most of the time, people are not completely honest.We do things that society expects us to and say things that help us get what we want.But laughing cannot be controlled.When we laugh,we tell the truth about ourselves.By December over 10,000 jokes had been submitted ()This gave the scientists enough evidence to make early conclusions.It seems that men and women do have different senses of humour,for instance. "Our findings show the major differences in the ways in which males and females use humour, said Dr.Wiseman."Males use humour to appear superior to others,while women are more skilled in languages and prefer wordplay. Researchers also found that there really is such a thing as a national sense of humour.The British enjoy what is usually called "toilet humour".But the French like their jokes short and sharp:"You're a high priced lawyer.Will you answer two questions for $500?""Yes.What's the second question?"The Germans are famous for not having a sense of humour.But the survey 2 found that German participants were more likely to find submitted jokes funny than any other nationality.Perhaps that proves the point.Is this joke funny?I don't know,but let's say yes, just to be safe. Dr.Wiseman and his workmates also submitted jokes created by computers.But none of those who took part in the survey found any of them amusing.Perhaps this is relief.Computers already seem like they can do everything.At least they should leave the funny stuff to us. 题目选项列表 28.The purpose of“the laugh lab”project is_ A.to find the funniest joke in European countries B.to get more personal details about participants C.to know what funny people are like from different nations and cultures D.to find out the differences between the male and female sense of humour 29.We can infer from the passage that A.most of the people all over the world are completely honest B.scientists have collected enough evidence to make final conclusions C.men and women have similar senses of humour D.jokes created by computers are less amusing to people 30.What is the best title for the passage? A.Funny or not? B.Laugh louder! C.Men laugh better D.Watch out for the trap in jokes! 核心词汇详解 1.psychologist 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：心理学家（研究人类心理和行为的专业人员） 常用搭配：clinical psychologist(临床心理学家)、developmental psychologist (发展心理学家) 词性转换 名词：psychology(心理学)、形容词：psychological(心理的) 例：study psychology(学习心理学)、psychological problems(心理问题) 高频搭配 名词：research psychologist(研究心理学家)、cognitive psychologist(认知 心理学家) 易混辨析 psychologist vs psychiatrist:前者侧重心理疏导和行为干预；后者指“精 神科医生”，可开具药物治疗 3 2.philosopher 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：哲学家（研究哲学理论、思考存在与知识等根本问题 的学者) 常用搭配：ancient philosopher(古代哲学家)、moral philosopher(道德哲 学家) 词性转换 名词：philosophy(哲学)、形容词：philosophical(哲学的：豁达的) 例：major in philosophy(主修哲学)、philosophical questions（哲学问题) 高频搭配 名词：natural philosopher(自然哲学家)、political philosopher(政治哲学 家) 易混辨析 philosopher vs physicist:前者研究哲学思想；后者指“物理学家”，专注 自然科学现象 3.superior 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：更好的；更优等的；职位更高的 常用搭配：be superior to(优于…)、superior officers(上级军官) 名词(n,略考)：上级；长官 例：report to your superior（向上级汇报) 词性转换 名词：superiority(优越性)、反义词：inferior(较差的) 例：sense of superiority（优越感)、be inferior to（劣于…） 高频搭配 形容词：superior quality(优质)、superior performance(卓越表现) 易混辨析 superior vs better:前者语气正式，必须与to搭配；后者为比较级，直接 接than 4.submitted 核心词性 动词(v.,高频核心)：提交：递交(submit的过去式/过去分词) 常用搭配：submit sth.tosb.(向某人提交某物)、submitted papers(提交 的论文) 词性转换 动词原形：submit(提交)、名词：submission(提交；提交的文件) 例：submit an application（提交申请)、deadline for submission(提交截止 日期) 高频搭配 submitted data(提交的数据)、be submitted to(被提交给…) 易混辨析 submitted vs presented:前者强调正式递交；后者侧重“展示；呈现” 5.evidence 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：证据：证明（不可数名词） 常用搭配：have evidence of(有…的证据)、scientific evidence(科学证据) 词性转换 形容词：evident(明显的)、副词：evidently(显然地) 例：It is evident that...（显然…)、Evidently,,he was telling a lie..（显然， 他在撒谎) 高频搭配 名词：strong evidence(有力证据)、in evidence(明显的) 易混辨析 evidence vs proof: 前者指证明材料，不一定是结论：后者强调确凿证据 6.amusing 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：好笑的；有趣的 例：an amusing story（有趣的故事) 词性转换 动词：amuse(逗乐)、名词：amusement(娱乐) 例：amuse oneself（自娱自乐)、to one's amusement(令某人发笑的是) 高频搭配 形容词：amusing jokes(好笑的笑话)、highly amusing（非常有趣的) 易混辨析 amusing vs funny:前者语气正式，侧重轻松愉快；后者口语化，可指“奇 怪的” 7.relief 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：宽慰；轻松；救济 常用搭配：a sense of relief(如释重负)、flood relief(抗洪救灾) 词性转换 动词：relieve(缓解)形容词：relieved(感到宽慰的) 例：relieve stress(缓解压力)、She looked relieved..(她看起来如释重负) 高频搭配 名词：to one's relief(令某人宽慰的是)、sigh of relief(松一口气) 易混辨析 relief vs relaxation: 前者侧重负面情绪消除；后者指“放松；休息” 8.participants 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：参与者；参加者(participant的复数形式) 常用搭配：participants in.…(…的参与者)、study participants(研究参 与者) 词性转换 动词：participate(参加)、名词：participation(参与) 例：participate in(参与…）、active participation（积极参与) 高频搭配 名词：conference participants(会议参会者) 易混辨析 participants vs attendants:前者强调主动参与；后者指“服务人员；出 席者” 5 9.conclusions 核心词性 名词(n.,高频核心)：结论；推论(conclusion的复数形式) 常用搭配：draw/reach a conclusion(得出结论)、early conclusions(早期结 论) 词性转换 动词：conclude(得出结论)、形容词：conclusive(决定性的) 例：conclude a meeting(结束会议)、conclusive evidence(确凿证据）) 高频搭配 名词：final conclusions(最终结论)、logical conclusions(逻辑结论) 易混辨析 conclusions vs results:前者侧重推理得出的结果；后者指“结果：成果” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：28-30CDA 28.C (to know what funny people are like from different nations and cultures) 考点：细节理解题 语境逻辑：文章第二段明确提到“The researchers want to know what people from different nations and cultures find funny.And they want to find out the differences between the male and female sense of humour.”,C选项是对前半句的同义转述。 选项辨析：A选项“European countries'”缩小范围，原文是“world”;B选项“get more personal details”是参与者登录网站时的要求，并非项目目的；D选项是项目目的之一，但不全面，C选 项更概括核心目的。 29.D (jokes created by computers are less amusing to people) 考点：推理判断题 语境逻辑：最后一段提到“Dr.Viseman and his workmates also submitted jokes created by computers.But none of those who took part in the survey found any of them amusing." 电脑生成的笑话不被认为有趣，D选项可由此推断。 选项辨析：A选项与原文“Most of the time,,people are not completely honest”相悖；B选 项“final conclusions'”错误，原文是“early conclusions”;C选项与“men and women do have different senses of humour”矛盾。 30.A (Funny or not?) 考点：主旨大意题 语境逻辑：文章围绕“笑实验室”项目展开，探讨不同国家、性别对幽默的理解差异，以及电脑 生成笑话是否有趣等，核心是“什么是有趣的”。 选项辨析：B选项“Laugh louder!!”未提及；C选项“Men laugh better”片面，仅涉及性别差 异；D选项“Watch out for the trap in jokes!”无中生有。A选项“Funny or not?”概括了对 幽默的探讨，符合全文主旨。