阅读理解5-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-阅读表达5 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读表达（约420词） 。核心知识点：学校生活、环境保护 ·考查重点：细节理解、信息判断、观点表达 阅读短文 A Schoolyard Garden Have you ever eaten something that you grew in your own garden?Many people have not had the pleasure of this experience.Alice Waters,the owner of a restaurant,set out to change all that for a special group of students at a middle school. Waters worked with the school's principal to create a cooking and gardening program at the school.Waters believes in the importance of people knowing where their food comes from.She also believes that there is a strong relationship between food,health,and the environment.Her goal at the middle school was to show children the pleasure in gardening and in preparing the foods that they cultivated.She wanted to teach them that a healthy body and a healthy environment go hand in hand. The project that Waters began took a lot of time and patience.She relied on the help of teachers,students,and community volunteers to turn a parking lot into a garden.At the same time,renovation was begun to turn an old cafeteria into a kitchen where students could prepare foods and share meals with their teachers. Then,the first usable crops were planted.They included various vegetables.In the following year they brought the addition of plants.Every year since then,new crops are added and old crops are evaluated to make sure that they are best suited for the environment and the needs of the school. Students have found that they look forward to the time they spend in the garden each week. They have learned how to weed,prune,and harvest.They have learned about the life cycles of various plants.They also know how to enrich the soil through composting,a process in which leftover scraps of fruits and vegetables are used as fertilizer.Many have discovered that they like fruits and vegetables that they had never before been willing to try. Alice Waters dreams that one day there will be a garden in every school.She hopes that school lunches can be prepared using the produce from the gardens and other locally-grown organic produce. 2 问题与答案 1.Why did Waters create this gardening and cooking program in the school? Answer:Because she wanted to show children the pleasure in gardening and preparing the foods they cultivated.and teach them that a healthy body and a healthy environment go hand in hand. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"Her goal at the middle school was to show children the pleasure in gardening and in preparing the foods that they cultivated.She wanted to teach them that a healthy body and a healthy environment go hand in hand”可知，Waters创建该项目的目的是 向孩子们展示园艺和准备自己种植的食物的乐趣，并教他们健康的身体和健康的环境相辅相成。 2.What preparation(s)did they make before the project? Answer:They turned a parking lot into a garden and renovated an old cafeteria into a kitchen. 解析：细节理解题。第三段提到"She relied on.to turn a parking lot into a garden.At the same time,renovation was begun to turn an old cafeteria into a kitchen”,明确指出项目前的 准备工作是将停车场改造成花园，并将旧食堂翻新成厨房。 3.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. To make the soil more suitable for various crops and vegetables,they bought chem- ical fertilizers to enrich the soil. Answer:The false part is "they bought chemical fertilizers".Because the passage says "they know how to enrich the soil through composting,a process in which leftover scraps of fruits and vegetables are used as fertilizer". 解析：细节判断题。第四段提到"they know how to enrich the soil through composting,a process in which leftover scraps of fruits and vegetables are used as fertilizer”,说明他们通过堆肥（用 果蔬残渣作肥料)来改良土壤，而非购买化肥。故bought chemical fertilizers”是错误部分。 4.If there were a similar project in your school,would you like to take part in it? Why or why not?(In about 40 words) Answer:Yes,I would.Because I can learn gardening skills,know where food comes from,and enjoy fresh produce,which is meaningful and interesting. 解析：观点表达题。结合自身实际表达观点，需围绕项目的意义（如学习技能、了解食物来源、 亨享受新鲜农产品等)展开，理由合理即可。示例从学习技能和体验乐趣角度作答，符合题目要 求。 3 核心词汇详解 1.principal 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：校长（中小学校长，美国英语常用）：本金（金融术 语)；主角（戏剧或影视作品） 形容词(adj.,次高频)：最重要的；主要的 词性转换 副词：principally(主要地；大部分地) 名词：principle(原则；原理，易混词，注意拼写差异) 高频搭配 school principal(中小学校长)、principal amount(本金金额)、principal reason(主要原因) 易混辨析 principal vs principle:principal可作形容词表”主要的”或名词表”校 长、本金”；principle仅作名词，表”原则、原理” 2.renovation 核心词性 名词(.，高频核心)：翻新；修复；整修（对建筑物、房间等的修复和改进） 词性转换 动词：renovate(修复；翻新) 形容词：renovated(翻新的；修复的) 高频搭配 renovation work(翻新工程)、under renovation(正在翻新)、carry out renovation(进行翻新) 易混辨析 renovation vs decoration:renovation侧重”对旧事物的修复和功能性改 进”；decoration侧重”装饰；装潢” 3.cultivate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：种植；栽培（农作物、植物)；培养；培育（习惯、技 能、关系等) 词性转换 名词：cultivation(种植；培养) 形容词：cultivated(有教养的；栽培的) 高频搭配 cultivate vegetables(种植蔬菜)、cultivate a habit(培养习惯)、cultivate friendship(培养友谊) 易混辨析 cultivate vs grow:cultivate更正式，强调”有目的、系统性地种植或培 养”：grOw更口语化，泛指”生长；种植” 4.composting 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：堆肥；堆肥法（将有机废弃物分解为肥料的过程或产 物) 动词(v,次高频)：制作堆肥；给…施堆肥 词性转换 名词：compost(堆肥；混合肥料) 动词：compost（把…制成堆肥) 高频搭配 composting process(堆肥过程)、organic composting(有机堆肥)、composting bin(堆肥箱) 易混辨析 composting vs fertilizer:composting指”制作堆肥的过程”或”堆肥这 种方法”；fertilizer指”肥料”（统称） 5.organic 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：有机的：有机种植的（不使用化学肥料的）；有 机体的：生物的：有机统一的 词性转换 名词：organism(有机体；生物) 名词：organ(器官；机构) 高频搭配 organic food(有机食品)、organic farming(有机农业)、organic matter(有 机物) 易混辨析 organic vs natural:organic强调”符合有机标准（无化学物质）”；natural 强调”自然存在的：非人造的” 6.evaluate 核心词性 动词(v,高频核心)：评价；评估；估计（对价值、能力、效果等进行判断） 词性转换 名词：evaluation(评价；评估) 形容词：evaluative(评价性的；评估的) 高频搭配 evaluate performance(评估表现)、evaluate risks（(评估风险)、evaluate options(评估选项) 易混辨析 evaluate vs assess:evaluate更侧重”通过仔细分析得出价值或效果的判 断”；assess侧重”对大小、数量、价值等进行估算”