七选五19-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-七选五19 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-七选五(5空，全文约310词) 。 核心知识点：方法/策略、购物选择 ·考查重点：上下文逻辑衔接、段落主题句、指代关系、实验方法细节、实验结果对比 材料剖析 ·文章主题：商店陈列位置对购物选择的影响，特别是健康食品在结账区域的摆放如何改变 消费行为 。文章结构：引出话题（陈列位置影响购物）→研究案例支撑（替换健康食品可改变行为） →研究引起关注并推动实践→具体研究实施过程→研究结果呈现→总结意义并展望 。情感发展线索：现象陈述研究发现实践应用→结果呈现→未来展望 七选五短文 Healthy See,Healthy Do Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach,and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy.But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases.The location of store displays (also influences our shopping choices.The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food.Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves,for example.In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods.It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods."We know that the stores are full of cues (meant to encourage consumption,"says Tamar Adjoian,a research scientist at the department,"Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products."Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city's crowded urban checkout areas,so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed,just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area.Among those who did, however,customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2 The potential influence may seem small,but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers'eyes to nutritious,lower-calorie foods.Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City. 题目选项列表 1.A.These foods give people more energy. 2.B.They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often. 3.C.And it may make or break some healthy eating habits. 4.D.The supermarkets began to offer nutritious,lower-calorie foods. 5.E.These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health. 6.F.They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter. 7.G.And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior. 核心词汇详解 1.consumption 核心词性 名词（，高频核心)：核心含义一是”消费；消耗量”（经济、生活场景通 用)，例energy consumption(能源消耗)：二是”吃；喝”（正式书面语，强 调具体饮食行为)，例moderate alcohol consumption(适度饮酒)：三是”消 费额”（商业领域），例retail consumption(零售消费额) 词性转换 动词：consume(消耗)、形容词：consumable(可消耗的) 例：a consumable product(消耗性产品) 高频搭配 名词：energy consumption(能源消耗)、alcohol consumption(饮酒)、con- sumption tax(消费税) 动词：consume resources(消耗资源)、consume less energy(减少能源消耗) 易混辨析 consumption vs usage: 前者强调”消耗量”，后者强调”使用方式” 2.nutritious 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义是”有营养的；营养丰富的”（专指食物 含人体所需养分)，例nutritious meals(营养套餐)；近义替换healthy(但 nutritious更强调”富含营养成分”，healthy侧重”有益健康”) 词性转换 名词：nutrition（营养)、副词：nutritiously(有营养地) 例：eat nutritiou.sly（有营养地饮食) 高频搭配 nutritious food(有营养的食物)、nutritious value（营养价值) 易混辨析 nutritious vs nourishing:前者强调”含有营养成分”，后者强调”提供营 养” 3 3.potential 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：核心含义一是”潜在的；可能的”（尚未显现但存 在可能性)，例potential danger(潜在危险)：二是”有潜力的”（描述人或 事物具备发展能力)，例a potential leader(有潜力的领导者) 名词(.，高频核心)：核心含义是”潜力；潜能”（不可数，指内在未发挥 的能力)，常用搭配tap/realize one's potential(挖掘/发挥潜能) 词性转换 副词：potentially(潜在地) 例：potentially harmful(潜在有害的) 高频搭配 形容词：potential customer(潜在客户)、potential risk(潜在风险) 名词：development potential(发展潜力)、untapped potential(未开发的潜 力) 易混辨析 potential vs possible:前者强调”尚未实现的可能性”，后者强调”一般可 能性” 4.expand 高频搭配expand horizons(开阔眼界)、expand knowledge(扩展知识)、expand rapidly(迅 速扩张) 易混辨析expand vs extend:前者强调”在各方面扩展”，后者强调”延长或延伸 5.appealing 高频搭配appealing appearance(吸引人的外表)、appealing design(吸引人的设计) 易混辨析appealing vs attractive:前者强调”引起兴趣或好感”，后者强调”视觉上的吸引” 6.swap 核心词性 动词(v,中频核心)：核心含义是”交换；替换”（非正式场景，可直接接 双宾语)，例swap seats with sb.(和某人换座位)；常用搭配swap A for B (用A换B) 名词(n,中频核心)：核心含义是”交换；交易”，例do a swap(进行交换) 高频搭配 swap places(交换位置)、swap stories(交换故事)、swap something for something(用某物换取某物) 易混辨析 swap vs exchange:前者更口语化，后者更正式；前者强调”互换”，后者 强调”交换” 4 7.significantly 高频搭配significantly increase(显著增加)、significantly different(显著不同)、significantly affect(显著影响) 易混辨析significantly vs considerably:前者强调”统计上的显著”，后者强调”程度上的 相当” 8.explore 高频搭配explore possibilities(探索可能性)、explore new markets(开拓新市场)、explore thoroughly(彻底探索) 易混辨析explore vs investigate:前者强调”广泛探索”，后者强调”深入调查” 9.option 高频搭配have no option but to do(别无选择只能做)、consider all options(考虑所有选项) exercise one's options(行使选择权) 易混辨析option vs alternative:前者强调”可选项”，后者强调”替代方案” 10.calorie 核心词性 名词(n,高频核心)：核心含义是”卡路里”（热量单位，缩写cal,复数常 加s),例low-calorie food(低卡路里食物)；常用搭配count calories(计算 卡路里) 高频搭配 high-calorie food(高热量食物)、low-calorie diet(低热量饮食)、calorie intake(卡路里摄入量) 易混辨析 calorie vs kilocalorie:1 kilocalorie=1000 calories.,但在营养学中通常 用大写Calorie表示kilocalorie 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：35-39 CGEFB 1.C (And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.) 考点：上下文逻辑衔接 语境：前文指出商店陈列位置影响购物选择，此处需承接该影响的具体表现。后文提到结账区 是垃圾食品热点，说明陈列位置对健康饮食习惯的潜在决定性作用。 5 辨析：C项”它可能促成或破坏一些健康饮食习惯”中的”t”指代前文”位置影响选择”，并引 出下文对具体影响的举例，符合逻辑递进关系。 2.G(And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior. 考点：段落主题句+例证衔接 语境：前文提及结账区常见垃圾食品，后文紧接着用荷兰医院食堂和挪威冰岛超市的研究举例， 说明替换健康食品能改变选择。G项”一些研究表明，简单替换更健康的选择可以改变顾客行 为”作为过渡句，既呼应前文”陈列影响选择”，又引出下文具体研究案例。 辨析：选项G中的”a few studies'”与后文”A2012 study"2014..researchers also found”形成例 证呼应，符合总分结构。 3.E (These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health. 考点：指代关系+段落过渡 语境：前文介绍两项研究发现替换健康食品可改变消费行为，后文转而提到”它与1000多家 店主合作推广营养食品”，”t”需明确指代对象。E项”这些发现引起了纽约市卫生局的注意” 中的These findings'”总结前文研究结果，"New York City Department of Health”与后文"the department'”a research scientist at the department'”形成指代衔接。 4.F (They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.) 考点：实验方法细节补充 语境：前文提到Adjoiar团队选择三家布朗克斯超市进行研究，此处需说明研究具体操作。后 文记录购买情况，可知此处描述干预措施。F项”他们在结账台附近用水果和坚果替换了糖果和 饼干”中的"replaced..with.”与前文研究中的”swapping in healthier options”一致，明确实验 变量。 5.B (They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.) 考点：实验结果对比 语境：前文指出健康结账通道的顾客购买营养食品的频率是普通通道的两倍多，此处需补充另 一项对比结果。B项”他们购买不健康食品的频率降低了40%”通过数据对比进一步说明健康 陈列的效果，与”more than twice as often”形成并列的实验结论。 辨析：B项中”40 percent less often”与前文”more than twice as often”从正反两方面量化结果， 符合科学实验报告的表述逻辑。