七选五4-北京市部分地区近两年（2024-2025）高二英语期末真题汇编

1 阅读理解-七选五4 试题基本信息 。题型：阅读理解-七选五（约280词） 。核心知识点：情绪、科普知识 ·考查重点：上下文逻辑衔接、语义呼应、段落过渡、转折关系、解决方案 材料剖析 。文章结构：第一段引出话题并提出核心观点，指出“你本来就很完美”这种安慰具有暗中 危害性，引出“自我提升偏差”概念；第二段阐述自我提升偏差的具体表现；第三段揭示 其负面后果；第四段提出解决困境的正确态度。 ·感情发展线索：从表面安慰到揭示危害，从短期积极情绪到长期负面后果，最终强调接受 不完美的健康态度。 阅读理解七选五短文 You're Not Perfect Imagine that you are feeling down.Someone who loves you wants to help by saying something really affirming.How about "You're perfect just the way you are"?That sounds nice!In fact, this is perhaps the most insidious(暗中有害的)thing that people tell us一or that we tell ourselves -when we feel sad or insecure.35 This is called "self-enhancement bias",and it gives rise to all sorts of distortions (in perception.Famously,back in the 1980s,research showed that up to 80 percent of motorists considered themselves to have above-average driving skills.Obviously, this cannot be true-even if you persist in believing it about yourself. People also tend to rate themselves more highly on positive moral traits.36 And they tend to rate other people higher on negative traits such as being lazy,cold,and insincere.This is especially true for young and middle-aged adults,who rank themselves as better-than-average on multiple measures.37Sooner or later,you're bound to be confronted with a painful adjustment to the truth.For instance,research showed that when college students held an inflated (view of their own academic ability,it enhanced their mood and positive affect-that is,they enjoyed happier feelings.38 In fact,the students tended to fail at their academic expectations,and that in part led to lower self-esteem over the long term. So we face a dilemma in life:We want to feel better and make others feel better,but people's tendency to do so through self-enhancement is a short-lived solution with possibly enduring ultimate costs.39 Accepting your imperfections is healthier than trying to convince yourself that they don't exist.What's more,treating yourself with this kind of compassion()makes you more 2 compassionate toward others. 题目选项列表 A.The zone of enjoyment moves up as you increase in skill. B.But that didn't translate into better academic performance. C.One reason is that it acts as protection against the mental pain. D.Although self-enhancement feels good,it is not a long-term solution. E.They are likely to see themselves as hard-working,honest,and warm. F.We always have a tendency to compare ourselves favorably with others. G.The best way is to emphasize to yourself that you are normal in imperfection. 核心词汇详解 1.affirming 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：肯定的；确认的（用于观点、言论）；积极的；鼓 励的（侧重情感支持） 常用搭配：affirming words(肯定性话语)、an affirming response(鼓励性回 应) 动词(v.,原形afrm,高频考点)：断言；坚称（正式表达观点）：证实； 确认（官方或正式场合）：批准（法律术语） 例：He affirmed his innocence.（他坚称自己无辜) 词性转换 名词：affirmation(肯定；断言；证实)、副词：affirmatively(肯定地；积 极地) 例：erpress affirmation(表达肯定)、nod affirmatively（点头肯定) 高频搭配 形容词：affirming feedback（肯定性反馈)、affirming attitude(积极态度) 动词：affirm one's belief(坚定信念)、affirm the importance of(强调… 的重要性) 易混辨析 affirm vs confirm:affirm侧重“主观断言或法律上的正式确认”，语气更 强硬；confirm侧重“通过证据或事实证实某事的真实性” affirming vs positive:affirming更强调“主动给予鼓励或认可”，针对性 更强；positive泛指“积极的，不含负面因素的”，范围更广 3 2.insidious 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频难词)：暗中有害的；潜伏的（危害渐进且不易察觉）：阴 险的；狡诈的（形容人或行为） 常用搭配：an insidious disease(潜伏性疾病)、an insidious plot(阴险的阴 谋) 词性转换 名词：insidiousness(潜伏性；阴险)、副词：insidiously(潜伏地；阴险地) 例：the insidiousness of the problem(问题的潜伏性)、the disease spreads ins2 diously（疾病潜伏蔓延) 高频搭配 insidious threat(潜在威胁)、insidious influence(暗中影响)、insidious manner(狡诈的态度) 易混辨析 insidious vs dangerous:insidious强调“危害的隐蔽性和渐进性”；dan- gerous泛指“危险的”，侧重即时性危害 insidious vs subtle:subtle侧重“细微的；不明显的”（中性）；insidious 含负面色彩，强调“暗中有害” 3.insecure 核心词性 形容词(adj,高频核心)：缺乏安全感的；不安的（心理状态）；不稳固的： 不安全的（具体事物）：无保障的（指地位、工作） 常用搭配：feel insecure(感到不安)、an insecure ladder(不稳固的梯子)、 insecure job(不稳定的工作) 词性转换 名词：insecurity(不安全感；不安定)、反义词：secure(安全的；稳固的： 有把握的：锁牢；确保) 例：sense of insecurity（不安全感)、secure future（稳定的未来)、feel secure about（对…有把握) 高频搭配 insecure about(对…感到不安)、insecure position(不稳定的地位) 名词：emotional insecurity(情感上的不安全感)、economic insecurity(经 济不稳定) 易混辨析 insecure vs unsafe:insecure侧重“心理上的不安或抽象的不稳固”；unsafe 侧重“物理上的不安全” insecure vs unstable:unstable更强调“易变的；动荡的”；insecure侧 重“缺乏保障或心理不安” 4.distortion 核心词性 名词(，高频核心)：曲解；歪曲（信息、事实）；变形：失真（声音、图 像)：偏差（数据、统计） 常用搭配：distortion of truth(歪曲事实)、audio distortion(音频失真)、 data distortion(数据偏差) 词性转换 动词：distort(歪曲；扭曲；使失真)、形容词： distorted(歪曲的；变形 的)、副词：distortedly(歪曲地；扭曲地) 例：distort the facts（歪曲事实)、distorted view(扭曲的观点)、report distortedly（歪曲报道) 高频搭配 distortion of information(信息曲解)、signal distortion(信号失真)、mental distortion(心理歪曲) 动词：distort sb,'s words(歪曲某人的话)、distort the reality(扭曲现实) 易混辨析 distortion vs misunderstanding:distortion强调“刻意或无意的歪曲 导致信息失实”；misunderstanding侧重“误解；误会”（双方信息不对称） 5.motorist 核心词性 名词(n,中频核心)：汽车驾驶员；驾车者（尤指私人汽车） 常用搭配：careless motorist(粗心的驾车者) 词性转换 词根：motor(发动机；马达)、衍生词：motorcycle(摩托车)、motorway (高速公路，英式英语) 例：motor vehicle（机动车)、motor industry(汽车工业) 高频搭配 drunk motorist(醉酒驾车者)、motorist's license(驾驶执照)、motorist safety(驾驶员安全) 易混辨析 motorist vs driver:motorist特指“汽车驾驶员”，尤指私人小汽车：driver 泛指“驾驶员”，可指汽车、卡车、火车等 5 6.ultimate 核心词性 形容词(adj.,高频核心)：最终的；最后的（时间或顺序）：根本的；首要 的（重要性）：最佳的；极致的（强调程度） 常用搭配：ultimate goal(最终目标)、ultimate cause(根本原因)、ultimate luxury(极致奢华) 名词(n,低频考点)：终极；顶点；基本原则 例：the ultimate in comfort（舒适的极致) 词性转换 副词：ultimately(最终；根本上) 例：Ultimately,,we succeeded.（最终我们成功了) 高频搭配 形容词：ultimate aim(最终目的)、ultimate solution(根本解决方案)、 ultimate responsibility(根本责任) 名词：the ultimate goal(终极目标)、the ultimate truth(终极真理) 易混辨析 ultimate vs final:ultimate侧重“一系列过程的终点或抽象的根本性质”； fnal侧重“时间或顺序上的最后” ultimate vs fundamental:ultimate强调“最终的、最高层次的”；fun damental强调“基础的、根木的” 答案与逐题解析 正确答案：35-39 FEDBG 1.35.F (We always have a tendency to compare ourselves favorably with others.) 考点：上下文逻辑衔接+段落主旨 语境逻辑：前文指出“你本来就很完美”是暗中有害的说法，后文引出“自我提升偏差”(sf enhancement bias)及其导致的认知曲解，空后举例“80%的司机认为自己驾驶技术高于平均水 平”。F项“我们总是倾向于拿自己和别人比较，且对自己更有利”是对“自我提升偏差”的概 括，与后文司机的例子形成逻辑衔接。 2.36.E (They are likely to see themselves as hard-working,honest,and warm. 考点：上下文语义呼应十并列结构 语境逻辑：前文提到“人们也倾向于在积极道德品质上给自己更高评价”，E项“他们可能认为 自己勤奋、诚实、热情”是对“积极道德品质”的具体举例，与后文“他们倾向于认为别人更懒 惰、冷漠、不真诚”(negative traits)形成对比，符合“positive moral traits”的语境。 3.37.D (Although self-enhancement feels good,it is not a long-term solution. 考点：段落过渡+因果逻辑 语境逻辑：前文指出年轻人和中年人在多项指标上认为自己优于平均水平，后文转折“迟早会 面临痛苦的真相调整”，D项“虽然自我提升感觉良好，但不是长期解决方案”承上启下，既总 结前文“自我提升”的表面好处，又引出后文“真相调整”的负面结果，符合“短期感觉好→ 长期有代价”的逻辑。 4.38.B (But that didn't translate into better academic performance.) 考点：转折关系十例证细节 6 语境逻辑：前文提到“大学生对自己学术能力的过高评价能提升情绪”，后文转折“事实上，学 生往往达不到学术期望，长期导致自尊降低”。B项“但这并没有转化为更好的学术表现”中的 “that”指代“enhanced mood”,与后文“failed at their academic expectations”形成因果衔接， 体现情绪提升与实际表现的脱节。 5.39.G (The best way is to emphasize to yourself that you are normal in imperfec- tion.） 考点：段落主旨十解决方案 语境逻辑：前文提出“通过自我提升让自己感觉更好是短期解决方案，可能有持久代价”，后文 建议“接受不完美更健康，且能培养对他人的同情心”。G项“最好的方法是告诉自己，不完美 是正常的”是对前文“困境”的解决方案，既呼应“accepting your imperfections'”,又引出后文 “compassion toward others'”,符合“提出问题→解决问题”的结构。