专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文）（期末真题汇编，天津专用）八年级英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文） 主题01 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·河东区·期末） A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city. Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city. Even so, travel isn't difficult. The water ways have always been the best way to get around. There are 177 canals and more than 400 bridges that can guide you to where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat. They like to enjoy the scenery and cool summer nights while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along. Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1,500 years ago, and built homes there. Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes. Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by about 23 centimetres. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋) melt(融化) . Every year, high water hits the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater. Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which is planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem. 41．According to the passage, Venice is ________ of Italy. A．in the northeast B．in the west C．in the southwest D．in the south 42．________ have always been the best way to go here and there in the city. A．Taxis and cars B．The waterways C．The bridges D．Boats and rain shoes 43．Venice ________ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1,500 years ago. A．changed into B．used to be C．became D．developed from 44．Which is NOT the reason why the city gets lower and lower? A．The higher temperature. B．Overused underground water. C．Too many waterways. D．The rising seawater. 45．The passage is mainly about ________ of Venice. A．the waterways and bridges B．the MOST project and problems C．the specials and problems D．the history and scenery 【答案】41．A 42．B 43．D 44．C 45．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了威尼斯这座水城的独特之处和问题所在。 41．细节理解题。根据“Venice is in the northeast of Italy.”可知，威尼斯在意大利的东北部。故选A。 42．细节理解题。根据“The water ways have always been the best way to get around.”可知，水路一直是最好的出行方式。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据“Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1,500 years ago, and built homes there.”可知，1500多年前，一些意大利人从一场战争中逃离，在咸水湖上的小岛上建起了家园。也就是说威尼斯是1500多年前由咸水湖上的小岛发展而来的。故选D。 44．细节理解题。根据“Once, people used too much underground water.”和“Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋) melt(融化) .”可知，人们使用太多的地下水、不断上升的海水和气温一直在上升都对威尼斯产生了影响，故选C。 45．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文主要向我们威尼斯的特点以及目前存在的问题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·河西区·期末） Americans think much about time. From childhood they learn to value (珍视) time. They are taught to be on time to go to school, to work and to do everything. When they are having a good time, they say that time goes easily. When a person is dying, they say he is living on a borrowed time. Time is money. Time is knowledge. Time is everything in America. A working American has to work hard for eight hours a day or forty hours a week. This is the working time. In his free time, he also works hard for more money. Even on Saturday and Sunday, he also works hard as usual. In the street, you can hardly see a man walking slowly. They walk very fast. In fact, they are running. They love time because time can bring them money and lots of things. But sometimes they also hate time, because they feel they have become servants (仆人) of the clock. 36．What do the Americans mean by “Time is money”? A．It is not easy to make money. B．It takes quite a lot of time to make money. C．Working hard can bring people health. D．If someone has time and works hard, he can make much money. 37．Americans think it wrong ________. A．to work on time B．to get up early C．to be late for school D．to be on time to do everything 38．This passage says that a dying person ________. A．is having a good time B．is living on a borrowed time C．thinks time goes easily D．is saving time 39．From this passage we can be sure that ________. A．Americans live a hard life B．Americans sometimes walk fast C．Americans live in a quick rhythm (节奏) D．Americans are not good at saving time 40．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Americans’ Ideas about Time B．Never Waste Time C．Time Is Money D．Learn to Be on Time 【答案】36．D 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国人的时间观念。 36．句意猜测题。根据第二段“A working American has to work hard for eight hours a day or forty hours a week. This is the working time. In his free time, he also works hard for more money. Even on Saturday and Sunday, he also works hard as usual.”可推知，美国人所说的“时间就是金钱”的意思是如果有人有时间并且努力工作，他可以赚很多钱。故选D。 37．推理判断题。根据第一段“They are taught to be on time to go to school”可知，美国人被教导要准时上学。由此推知，美国人认为上学迟到是错误的。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据第一段“When a person is dying, they say he is living on a borrowed time.”可知，文中表示一个将死的人活在借来的时间里。故选B。 39．推理判断题。根据第二段“In the street, you can hardly see a man walking slowly. They walk very fast. In fact, they are running.”可知，在街上，你几乎看不到一个慢慢行走的人，他们走得很快，事实上，他们正在跑。由此推知， 美国人生活在快节奏中。故选C。 40．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国人的时间观念。因此，选项A“美国人对时间的看法”是最佳标题。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·九十中学·期末） Because of the success of phones and e-readers, e-books have become popular. Still, there is something special about the feel of traditional paper books. Some teenagers shared their ideas about different books. Hannah,15: I prefer e-books to paper books. Buying e-books online can not only improve readers’ reading speed, but also save money, because e-books are cheaper than paper books. So why not choose e-books? Steve,14: I would rather read e-books than paper books. E-books are easy to carry. I can read them anytime and anywhere. What’s more, e-books are cheaper than paper books. More books can be bought with the same amount of money. In addition, e-books are environmentally friendly. Paper books may use many trees, but e-books don’t need to use any pieces of paper. Andrew,14: I am in favor of paper books. I enjoy the feeling of holding books in my hands rather than looking through them quickly on screens. After all, paper books can seem like a friend that can keep us company and “talk” to us. Besides, when we read paper books, it’s easy to take notes and write down our thoughts. Sophia,15: Compared with e-books, I feel more comfortable when I read paper books. In this way, I can understand deep meanings written between the lines. In addition, some enjoyable experiences can only be gotten from paper books, including visiting the bookstore, getting signatures (签名) from our favorite writers and the smell of a new book. 26．Who thinks e-books are better? A．Hannah and Steve. B．Andrew and Sophia. C．Hannah and Andrew. D．Steve and Sophia. 27．What does Steve think of e-books? A．They are more expensive. B．They are better for the environment. C．Readers can read them faster. D．They can easily hurt people’s eyes. 28．Which is not the advantage of paper books according to the passage? A．We can enjoy the feeling of holding books in our hands. B．It’s easy to take notes and write down our thoughts. C．We can read paper books anytime and anywhere. D．We can understand deep meanings written between the lines. 29．Readers can get many enjoyable experiences from paper books except ________. A．visiting the bookstore B．getting signatures from their favorite writers C．enjoying the smell of a new book D．talking about books with friends 30．Where do you most possibly see the passage? A．In a novel. B．In a newspaper. C．In a storybook. D．In a guidebook. 【答案】26．A 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．B 【导语】本文主要讲了几个青少年对于纸质书和电子书的不同观点。 26．细节理解题。根据“Hannah,15: I prefer e-books to paper books. ”和“Steve,14: I would rather read e-books than paper books.”可知Hannah和Steve更喜欢电子书。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据“e-books are environmentally friendly”可知Steve认为电子书对环境更有好处。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据“E-books are easy to carry. I can read them anytime and anywhere.”可知可以随时随地阅读是电子书的优点，不是纸质书的优点。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据“In addition, some enjoyable experiences can only be gotten from paper books, including visiting the bookstore, getting signatures (签名) from our favorite writers and the smell of a new book.”可知从纸质书中不能获得的愉快经历是：和朋友谈论书籍。故选D。 30．文章来源题。根据第一段“Some teenagers shared their ideas about different books.”可知本文主要讲了几个青少年对于纸质书和电子书的不同观点，本文最有可能来自报纸。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·五十五中学·期末） Is Losing Weight an Important Health Goal? Advertisements, pop culture and even doctors can talk about health and weight as if they are one and the same: smaller bodies are healthier, and larger bodies must be unhealthy. But neither health nor bodies are that simple, and health can differ from person to person. “A higher body mass index (BMI) has to do with health conditions like diabetes (糖尿病)”, said Philipp Scherer, a professor at the University of Texas. “However, it’s not that clear when researchers look at a single person.” People in smaller bodies can develop heart disease or diabetes, and plenty of people in larger bodies are considered completely metabolically (新陈代谢地) healthy. “It’s just a result of our genetic heterogeneity (遗传异质性) and how we do with calories (卡路里) more than needed,” he added. Dr. Asher Larmie, a doctor in the UK noted, “BMI is just one of many factors causing changes in a person’s well-being. Medical care, environment, society and biology make up most of the factors that decide our health. We can’t take one look at a person’s body and get a sense of their health. Can we see somebody’s medical records? Are we talking to their doctors? And often health is honestly sometimes out of our control. There are so many illnesses that people just develop. ” Then, how can we really keep healthy? Health is decided by many factors. Not falling ill is one, but so are staying mentally (精神地) healthy, keeping active social networks, getting enough sleep and lowering stress. Taking in fewer calories or cutting out certain foods may be bad for your health if it hurts your mental health or keeps you from enjoying time with friends and family. “Weight loss doesn’t mean that you’ll necessarily get healthy. Sometimes how you lose weight could also be detrimental to your health. You may become unhealthy because of dieting,” said Charles Spence, a professor from the University of Oxford. “We should improve our health by moving more, sleeping better, stressing less and eating the foods your body is telling you that you need,” Larmie added. 36．Which sentence is right according to this passage? A．Health can differ from person to person. B．A higher body mass index (BMI) must do with health conditions like diabetes. C．People in larger bodies can’t be completely metabolically healthy. D．People in smaller bodies cannot develop heart disease or diabetes. 37．What can we learn about health according to Dr. Asher Larmie? A．Health is greatly under our control. B．We can tell if people are healthy from their BMI. C．Medical care is the most important for people’s health. D．Many factors have to do with people’s health conditions. 38．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．mental health is less important than physical health B．our lifestyle plays a very important role in our health C．losing weight is a common way to help us keep healthy D．sleeping better and stressing less can help us lose weight 39．The words “be detrimental to” in Paragraph 5 probably mean “________”. A．improve B．harm C．serve D．describe 40．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show us some useful ways to lose weight. B．To tell us the importance of keeping healthy. C．To make us clear on the relation between health and weight. D．To call on us to keep a smaller body size through exercising third of 【答案】36．A 37．D 38．B 39．B 40．C 【导语】本文探讨了体重和健康之间的复杂关系，批评了将两者简单化等同的观点。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段“But neither health nor bodies are that simple, and health can differ from person to person.”可知，健康可以因人而异。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段“BMI is just one of many factors causing changes in a person’s well-being. Medical care, environment, society and biology make up most of the factors that decide our health.”可知，Asher Larmie医生认为很多因素与人们的健康状况有关。故选D。 38．推理判断题。根据第四段“Not falling ill is one, but so are staying mentally (精神地) healthy, keeping active social networks, getting enough sleep and lowering stress. Taking in fewer calories or cutting out certain foods may be bad for your health if it hurts your mental health or keeps you from enjoying time with friends and family.”可知，健康不仅仅取决于是否生病，还包括精神健康、保持活跃的社交网络、充足的睡眠和减少压力等因素；据此可以推断，作者可能认为我们的生活方式对健康起着非常重要的作用。故选B。 39．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Weight loss doesn’t mean that you’ll necessarily get healthy. Sometimes how you lose weight could also be detrimental to your health. You may become unhealthy because of dieting,”可知，减肥并不意味着你一定会变得健康，有时你可能因为节食而变得不健康，所以你减肥的方式也可能对你的健康有害；据此可以推断，划线部分“be detrimental to”意为“有害的”。故选B。 40．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，文章开篇指出人们常将健康与体重简单划等号的错误观念，接着通过专家观点说明健康与体重没有必然联系，还介绍了影响健康的多种因素，最后强调减肥不一定健康，应通过正确方式提升健康水平，所以本文的主要目的是让我们清楚健康和体重之间的关系。故选C。 主题03 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·南开区·期末） Feeling hot? So is Earth. Because of problems like climate (气候) change and bad ways of farming, much of the land is drying up. What can we do to solve this problem? The United Nations set up a holiday. In 1994, the UN started World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought (世界防治荒漠化和干旱日), to let more people know about desertification. It is on June 17 every year. Desertification happens when healthy land filled with water and nutrients (营养) becomes desert. It is dry and unhealthy. Every year, 20,000 km² to 50,000 km² of Earth’s land is lost to desertification. In Africa scientists predict (预测) that about 70% of Africa’s healthy land will be lost by 2025. Desertification sometimes happens because of climate change. Big and fast changes in temperature can kill plants and trees. However, it also happens because people use land too much, and in bad ways, to grow food on their farms. If we grow too many plants in the same soil (土壤) within too short a time, it will take away the soil’s nutrients. That can turn the soil into dry sand, like a desert. The UN suggests some different actions to stop desertification. One is to teach people better ways of farming, including the use of better fertilizers (肥料). Another is reforestation (重新造林). It means planting more trees. Today China has 61 million hectares (公顷) of new land to plant trees—more than anywhere else in the world. 36．What is land like if desertification happens? A．It is full of water. B．It has more nutrients. C．It is dry and unhealthy. D．It is easy to live on. 37．What do scientists guess will happen in Africa by 2025? A．There will be 20,000 km² of land desertification in Africa. B．Africa will have about 50,000 km² of healthy land. C．Growing plants will help Africa have more healthy land. D．Most of Africa’s land will be dry and unhealthy. 38．Why isn’t it good to grow too many plants in the same soil? A．Because it can change the climate fast. B．Because it can take away the soil’s nutrients. C．Because it can change dry sand into bad soil. D．Because it can take the places of forests. 39．Which of the following does NOT cause desertification? A．Climate change. B．Overusing the land. C．Using poor fertilizers. D．Plant more trees. 40．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The UN’s advice for stopping desertification. B．The UN’s plans for improved farming. C．The importance of reforestation. D．The causes of desertification. 【答案】36．C 37．D 38．B 39．D 40．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了土地沙漠化的原因和解决办法。 36．细节理解题。根据“Desertification happens when healthy land filled with water and nutrients (营养) becomes desert. It is dry and unhealthy”可知当充满水和营养的健康土地变成沙漠时，就会发生荒漠化，这时土地干燥且不健康。故选C。 37．细节理解题。根据“In Africa scientists predict (预测) that about 70% of Africa’s healthy land will be lost by 2025.”可知科学家预测，到2025年，非洲约70%的健康土地将消失，即非洲的大部分土地将变得干燥和不健康。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据“If we grow too many plants in the same soil (土壤) within too short a time, it will take away the soil’s nutrients”可知如果我们在太短的时间内在同一土壤中种植太多的植物，就会带走土壤的养分。故选B。 39．细节理解题。根据“Desertification sometimes happens because of climate change”“However, it also happens because people use land too much, and in bad ways, to grow food on their farms”以及“Another is reforestation (重新造林). It means planting more trees”可知天气变化、过度使用土地以及不良耕作方式会造成沙漠化，而多种树不会造成沙漠化。故选D。 40．主旨大意题。根据“The UN suggests some different actions to stop desertification”可知本段主要介绍了联合国关于遏制荒漠化的建议。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·西青区·期末） Winter has arrived. The temperature has dropped below 10℃. Do you want to complain (抱怨) that you still have to go to school on such cold days? You should know about the life in Oymyakon, Russia. Oymyakon is famous as the coldest village in the world. During the winter, the temperature averages (平均) -50 ℃. The village recorded the lowest in 2013, when the temperatures went down to -72 ℃. Amos Chapple is a reporter from New Zeal and in 2015, he traveled to Oymyakon to see what life was like there. He said, “It’s hard to take pictures. My camera would often get too cold to work properly. ” About 500 people live in Oymyakon now. Though the living condition is terrible, people ride bikes and even go swimming. Frozen fish stand in boxes. People in heavy winter clothing walk by them. It’s impossible to grow crops in Oymyakon. The local food is mostly meat. The meat is sometimes eaten frozen. The local people actually like cold food. And the freezing weather doesn’t prevent children from going to the classroom. Usually, schools in Oymyakon won’t close until the temperature drops to -46℃. 36．What is the average winter temperature in Oymyakon? A．10℃ B．-10℃ C．-50℃ D．-70℃ 37．When did Oymyakon record the lowest temperature in its history? A．In 2005 B．In 2013 C．In 2015 D．In 2017 38．Why was it hard for Amos Chapple to take pictures in winter in Oymyakon? A．Because his camera was often wet with snow and ice. B．Because people there didn’t allow him to take pictures. C．Because it was too cold to work properly. D．Because his hands froze and couldn't control the camera at all. 39．What do the local people mostly eat? A．Crops B．Frozen fish C．Meat D．Chicken 40．Which of the following sentences is true? A．People in Oymyakon don’t feel cold. B．Oymyakon is the coldest city in the world. C．People in Oymyakon can’t grow crops. D．Frozen fish is the most popular food in Oymyakon. 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．C 39．C 40．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最冷的地方——位于俄罗斯的奥伊米亚康。 36．细节理解题。由第三段的第二句“During the winter, the temperature averages (平均) -50 ℃.”可知，该地冬天的平均气温是零下50摄氏度。故选C。 37．细节理解题。由第三段的最后一句“The village recorded the lowest in 2013, when the temperatures went down to -72 ℃.”可知，在2013年的时候，该地的最低气温达到了最低值即零下72 摄氏度。故选B。 38．细节理解题。由第四段的最后一句“It’s hard to take pictures. My camera would often get too cold to work properly.”可知，之所以拍照困难，是因为温度太低导致照相机不能正常工作。故选C。 39．细节理解题。根据“The local food is mostly meat. The meat is sometimes eaten frozen.”可知，当地食物主要是肉。故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“It’s impossible to grow crops in Oymyakon.”可知，在该地种植庄稼是不可能的。由此推断C项是正确的。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年八年级上·九十中学·期末） In the middle of the South Atlantic Ocean, one island stands alone. It is near Antarctica. But it is far away that people had difficulty finding it. At about 6.4 km long, the island is covered in glaciers（冰川）. It is home to an inactive volcano（死火山）and huge amounts of ice. The sharp and high rocks around the island make sea landings almost impossible. This is Bouvet Island, the loneliest island in the world. A French man found out Bouvet Island in 1739, but the island was so difficult to reach that nobody set foot on it for nearly a hundred years. No people live on Bouvet Island, and few plants grow there. Seals（海狮）come and go, but they haven’t seen people since the government didn’t allow people to catch seals and whales in the area any more. The island is cold all year round, with an average（平均的）temperature of about-1.7℃. In recent years, Bouvet Island has been known a little more by the world. Norway, which claimed（宣称拥有）the island in 1928, set up an unmanned weather station there in 1977. Today, this quiet island near the South Pole sends weather data to a satellite（卫星）, which passes the information to researchers in Norway. Scientists learn more every day about the island and its environment. Anyhow, Bouvet Island stands strong and silent in the cold weather condition. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 31．What is Bouvet Island like? A．It’s lonely and icy. B．It is full of volcanoes. C．It’s about 4.6 km long. D．It’s far from Antarctica. 32．When might humans first arrive on the island? A．In 1739. B．In 1822. C．In 1928. D．In 1977. 33．What can we learn from the text? A．Bouvet Island is close to the North Pole. B．There are many plants in the Bouvet island. C．Bouvet Island belongs to the United States. D．Catching whales isn’t allowed in the island. 34．What is the topic of the text mainly about? A．Sports and health. B．Music and art. C．Problems and advice. D．Geography and nature. 35．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Loneliest Island B．The Best Weather Station C．The Newest Research D．The Hardest Weather Condition 【答案】31．A 32．B 33．D 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了世界上最孤独的岛屿——布韦岛。 31．细节理解题。根据“one island stands alone...and huge amounts of ice”可知布韦岛很孤独，而且有大量的冰。故选A。 32．推理判断题。根据“A French man found out Bouvet Island in 1739, but the island was so difficult to reach that nobody set foot on it for nearly a hundred years.”可知一个法国人在 1739 年发现了布韦岛，但该岛非常难以到达，以至于近一百年来没有人踏上它，由此可推至可能在1832年有人踏上布韦岛。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据“the government didn’t allow people to catch seals and whales in the area any more”可知政府不允许人们在该地区捕捉海豹和鲸鱼。故选D。 34．主旨大意题。根据“ This is Bouvet Island, the loneliest island in the world.”以及全文内容可知本文主要讲述了世界上最孤独的岛屿——布韦岛，所以话题是地理和自然。故选D。 35．最佳标题题。根据“ This is Bouvet Island, the loneliest island in the world.”以及全文内容可知本文主要讲述了世界上最孤独的岛屿——布韦岛，以选项A“最孤独的岛屿”为标题更合适。故选A。 主题04 人与自然——灾害防范与宇宙探索 （24-25学年八年级上·五十五中学·期末） It’s easy to think “that will never happen to me,” but natural disasters (灾难) are becoming both more common and serious. Millions of families face floods, tornadoes (龙卷风) and other natural disasters every year. In Australia, for example, its wildfires from 2019 to 2020 were caused by the high temperature and a drought (干旱), taking away the lives of hundreds of people and billions of animals. While you can’t stop disasters from happening, you can stay safe during one if you know what to do. Flood Floods can happen very suddenly. Flood water can be deeper than it looks. It can carry you away, so stay away! Glass, snakes, and dirty things can be in flood water. They can make you sick, so don’t drink it even if you are thirsty. Tornado A tornado happens during some storms. If there’s a tornado warning, go someplace, such as a small and sturdy (结实的) bathroom, which is safe from the wind and flying things. Remember to keep away from windows or anything heavy that might fall on you. Get down low and cover your head with your arms. Earthquake You can stay safe during an earthquake by moving away from things that might fall. Get down under something that’s strong if you can’t rush out of the building right away. Protect your neck and head with your arm. If you’re outside, go to an open space. Stay away from trees or anything that might fall over and hurt you. Bushfire Bushfires, also known as wildfires, are common across the world during the hotter months. It is important that you try to stay calm in a bushfire. Some fires can start so quickly that they threaten (威胁) homes and lives within minutes, so your safest choice is always to leave early. You’d better prepare an emergency survival kit and have it handy at all times. No one wants to be caught in a dangerous and extreme situation. If the unthinkable does take place, having a plan and knowing what to do could make all the difference for you and your loved ones. 31．The writer mentions Australian wildfires to show ________. A．a natural disaster will never happen to us B．the fires can cause the death of people and animals C．natural disasters are becoming more and more serious D．the high temperature and a drought may lead to wildfires 32．How many kinds of natural disasters are mentioned in the passage? A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6 33．When disasters happen, what can you do to keep safe? A．Drink flood water if you are thirsty when a flood happens. B．Stop moving and wait for other people’s help in a bushfire. C．Stay away from windows or flying things when a tornado comes. · D．Stay under the trees after getting out of buildings in an earthquake. 34．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Predictions about Natural Disasters B．The Ways to Keep Safe in Natural Disasters C．The Reasons Why Natural Disasters Happen D．The Types of Natural Disasters around the World 35．Where can the passage be find? A．A science magazine B．A dictionary C．A diary D．A sports poster 【答案】31．C 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．A 【导语】本文讲述了如何在自然灾害中的保持安全，并提供了具体的应对措施。文章通过介绍几种常见的自然灾害，包括洪水、龙卷风、地震和丛林大火，来告诉读者如何在这些灾害中确保自身安全。文章强调了制定计划以及掌握防灾知识的重要性，以应对不可预见的极端情况。 31．细节理解题。根据“It’s easy to think ‘that will never happen to me,’ but natural disasters are becoming both more common and serious.”以及“In Australia, for example, its wildfires from 2019 to 2020 were caused by the high temperature and a drought, taking away the lives of hundreds of people and billions of animals.”可知，作者通过开头和对澳大利亚野火的描述是为了强调自然灾害变得越来越普遍和严重，用来举例说明自然灾害的严重性。故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据“Flood”、“Tornado”、“Earthquake”以及“Bushfire”可知，文中提到了四种自然灾害：洪水、龙卷风、地震和山火，故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据“Remember to keep away from windows or anything heavy that might fall on you.”可知，龙卷风来临时要远离窗户和飞的物体，故选C。 34．最佳标题题。根据“While you can’t stop disasters from happening, you can stay safe during one if you know what to do.”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了在自然灾害中的一些安全措施，选项B“在自然灾害中保持安全的方法”符合本文主题。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文内容涉及自然灾害及如何应对，适合刊登在科学杂志上。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·部分区·期末） India has a population of 1.27 billion. Its population is the second largest in the world. China has the largest population of over 1.36 billion. One out of six people on this planet live in India. Although, the crown (王冠) of the world’s most populous (人口稠密的) country is on China’s head for ten years. India will take the position (位置) by 2030. With the population growth rate (率) at 1.58%, India will have more than 1.53 billion people by the end of 2030. Now more than 50% of India’s population is below the age of 25 and over 65% below the age of 35. About 72.2% of the population lives in 638,000 villages. Some of the reasons for India’s quickly growing population are poverty (贫穷), illiteracy (无知), decrease (减少) in death rates and immigration (移民) from Bangladesh and Nepal. India started taking measures (措施) to stop the growth rate quite early. India had the “National (国家的) Family Planning Program” in 1952. It became the first country in the world to have a population policy (政策). However, it didn’t reach the final goal (目标). 56．India’s population is the ________ largest in the world. A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 57．Which country will be the world’s most populous country by 2030? A．China. B．India. C．Bangladesh. D．Nepal. 58．Over 65% of India’s population is below the age of ________. A．15 B．25 C．35 D．45 59．________ is NOT the reason for India’s quickly growing population. A．Poverty B．Illiteracy C．Immigration D．Increase in death rates 60．Which of the following is TRUE? A．In 1953, Indian started the “National Family Planning Program”. B．About 72.2% of India’s population lives in the city. C．One out of seven people on the earth live in India. D．India’s population growth rate is 1.58%. 【答案】56．B 57．B 58．C 59．D 60．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了印度的人口增长情况，以及印度人口增长的原因，还介绍了印度控制人口增长率的措施。 56．细节理解题。根据第一段的“India has a population of 1.27 billion. Its population is the second largest in the world.”可知，印度又12.7亿人口。它的人口是世界上第二多的。故选B。 57．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Although, the crown (王冠) of the world’s most populous (人口稠密的) country is on China’s head for ten years. India will take the position (位置) by 2030.”可知，虽然，世界人口最多的国家的王冠在中国头上十年了。但是印度将在2030年登上这个位置。故到2030年印度的人口最多。故选B。 58．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Now more than 50% of India’s population is below the age of 25 and over 65% below the age of 35.”可知，现在印度超过50%的人口在25岁以下，超过65%的人口在35岁以下。故选C。 59．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Some of the reasons for India’s quickly growing population are poverty (贫穷) , illiteracy (无知) , decrease (减少) in death rates and immigration (移民) from Bangladesh and Nepal.”可知，印度人口快速增长的一些原因是贫穷、无知、死亡率的下降和来自孟加拉国和尼泊尔的移民。故死亡率的增长不是印度人口快速增长的原因。故选D。 60．推理判断题。根据第二段“With the population growth rate (率) at 1.58%, India will have more than 1.53 billion people by the end of 2030.”可知，随着人口增长率为1.58%，到2030年底印度将有超过15.3亿人。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·河北区·期末） When it comes to Chengdu, people may think of its delicious food and interesting places. These days, a hotpot-themed (火锅主题的) bus has creatively combined (结合) these things. The bus first appeared in Chengdu in May 2022. It gives a new experience to both local people and travelers in Chengdu. People can not only eat hotpot on the bus but also enjoy the beauty of Chengdu along the way. There is also a guide talking about the culture of hotpot and the stories of the places of interest. People have so many things to do on the bus, so their trip is never boring. At first, the bus only ran at 19:00 every day. Now it runs twice a day at 15:00 and 19:00. It has 8 dining tables inside. In order to let people enjoy their food and the city’s beauty safely, it travels slowly. It takes 90 minutes to travel about 10 kilometers. The food on the bus comes from a famous hotpot restaurant. It is ready-to-eat food. People can eat it directly (直接地). Travelers from different places have different tastes. However, everyone can find something they like on the bus. Since the hotpot-themed bus is popular, there will probably be more buses with different themes on the roads in Chengdu in the near future. 36．What does the word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The road. B．The bus. C．The city. D．The hotpot. 37．Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________. A．where the bus goes B．what people can do on the bus C．when the bus first appeared in Chengdu D．what the guide talks about along the way 38．What do we know about the hotpot-themed bus? A．It runs twice a day. B．It runs every morning. C．It travels very quickly. D．It carries 8 people at a time. 39．Where is the food on the bus from? A．A street market near the bus station. B．A large bus company in the country. C．A comfortable hotel in the city centre. D．A famous hotpot restaurant in Chengdu. 40．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Hotpot, a healthy meal B．Chengdu, a wonderful city C．A cool hotpot bus D．An enjoyable trip 【答案】36．B 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．C 【导语】本文讲述了成都市推出一辆火锅主题巴士，游客可以在巴士上享用火锅并欣赏成都风景，同时了解火锅文化和旅游景点故事。 36．词义猜测题。根据“The bus first appeared in Chengdu in May 2022. It gives a new experience to both local people and travelers in Chengdu.”可知，划线词“It”指的是火锅巴士“the bus”。故选B。 37．段落大意题。根据“People can not only eat hotpot on the bus but also enjoy the beauty of Chengdu along the way. There is also a guide talking about the culture of hotpot and the stories of the places of interest. People have so many things to do on the bus, so their trip is never boring.”可知，本段主要讲的就是人们可以在巴士上做什么事情。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据“At first, the bus only ran at 19:00 every day. Now it runs twice a day at 15:00 and 19:00.”可知，这辆火锅主题的巴士每天运行两次。故选A。 39．细节理解题。根据“The food on the bus comes from a famous hotpot restaurant.”可知，巴士上的食物来自成都的一家著名火锅店。故选D。 40．最佳标题题。整篇文章介绍了成都的火锅主题巴士，从巴士上的体验到起源与路线等，最适合的题目是“酷炫的火锅巴士”。故选C。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·滨海新区·期末） In cities, farming (农耕) is changing. Now, we can find farms in city balconies (阳台), too. and a lot of people begin to plant vegetables for gardening (园艺). Most of these people are young and were born after 1995. For example, Zhang Chao is from Anhui and now lives in the city. He became interested in planting when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside. His grandpa often planted vegetables in their garden at that time. Zhang also learnt to grow vegetables. It was hard work, but Zhang still felt happy when he saw seeds (种子) grow into plants. Zhang’s place doesn’t have a garden but he has not stopped planting. He uses his balcony as a garden now. He says that growing fruits and vegetables gives him healthy food and reminds (提醒) him of the good times with his grandpa. Fang Min from Shenzhen also likes planting. She is 16 years old and uses planting to relax herself and learn patience. She started planting vegetables on her balcony in 2021 to lower stress (减压) from school. Many of the seeds were from her friends. She planted them and then waited. Half a year later, her balcony became a small garden with flowers and herbs. After doing her homework, Fang likes walking in her balcony garden. She says the different colours and fresh (新鲜的) air in the garden make her feel close to nature. Her vegetables and herbs may not be the main food on the table, but they add flavour (增添风味) to the family and make their days more exciting. Gardening is not just about living a life anymore, it can also make young people feel happy and give meaning to their lives. 36．Where can people find farms in cities now? A．In gardens. B．On balconies. C．In public parks. D．In schools. 37．Why did Zhang Chao begin growing his own vegetables? A．Because he wanted to make money. B．Because his friends introduced this hobby to him. C．Because growing healthy food is his favourite hobby. D．Because it brings him healthy food and happy meniories (回忆). 38．What can the plants do for Fang Min? A．They help her make more friends. B．They make her relaxed from school. C．They make her eat more food than before. D．They bring her different ideas and fresh air. 39．Which of the following is True? A．Zhang Chao learned to grow vegetables from his parents in the city. B．Fang Min started planting vegetables on her balcony at the age of 16. C．All people begin to plant vegetables for gardening (园艺). D．Fang Min’s family’s days are more exciting because of the vegetables and herbs. 40．This passage tells us ________ A．Gardening is the main source (来源) of food. B．Gardening is the most popular hobby among young people. C．Gardening is a difficult hobby and it needs hard work. D．Gardening brings happiness and meaning to young people’s lives. 【答案】36．B 37．D 38．B 39．D 40．D 【导语】本文通过两个年轻人在阳台种水果和蔬菜的经历说明：种植正在走进城市，它给年轻人的生活带来了快乐。 36．细节理解题。根据“Now, we can find farms in city balconies (阳台), too.”可知，现在人们在阳台见到农场。故选B。 37．细节理解题。根据“He says that growing fruits and vegetables gives him healthy food and reminds (提醒) him of the good times with his grandpa.”可知，他在阳台种菜不仅可以收获健康的水果和蔬菜，同时能够怀念与爷爷相处的美好时光。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据“She is 16 years old and uses planting to relax herself and learn patience.”可知，种菜帮助她放松，并学会耐心。故选B。 39．细节理解题。根据“Her vegetables and herbs may not be the main food on the table, but they add flavour (增添风味) to the family and make their days more exciting.”可知，她的蔬菜和香草可能不是餐桌上的主要食物，但它们给家人增添了风味，让他们的日子更加精彩。故选D。 40．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段可知，园艺不再只是一种生活，它还可以让年轻人感到快乐，赋予生活意义。选项D“园艺给年轻人的生活带来快乐和意义。”符合文章的主要内容。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·部分区·期末） Once upon a time, there was a wild donkey (驴) and a tame donkey. The wild donkey was thin and small. He spent his life outdoors. The grass on the hill was his food all year around. Sometimes, he had to walk miles to find fresh water and at night there was always danger from wolves. The tame donkey was fat and strong. During summer he ate the rich grass while in winter he had corn and hay (干草) to eat. There was always fresh water for him to drink and at night he stayed safely in a stable (马厩). The wild donkey always wished he could live like the tame donkey. One day, the wild donkey was looking for food on the hill. Looking down, he saw the tame donkey walking slowly along the road, carrying a heavy load of wood. As he watched, the tame donkey stopped to eat some grass by the roadside. Suddenly, his owner began to beat him with a stick. “I’ve changed my mind about your way of life,” thought the wild donkey. “I see that you have to pay heavily for the food they give you.” 51．What does the underlined word “tame” in the passage mean in Chinese? A．驯养的 B．漂亮的 C．傲慢的 D．强壮的 52．What did the wild donkey look like? A．tall and thin B．tall and fat C．small and thin D．fat and strong 53．What did the tame donkey eat in summer? A．fresh vegetables B．rich grass C．wood D．corn 54．The wild donkey looked down at the hill and saw________. A．the tame donkey was carrying wood B．the tame donkey was eating and drinking freely C．another donkey was looking for food D．a man was giving his donkey something to eat 55．What can we learn from this passage? A．The wild donkey lived a bad life. B．The tame donkey lived a good life. C．Life is not easy for everyone. D．We should always help others. 【答案】51．A 52．C 53．B 54．A 55．C 【导语】本文主要描述了一头野生的驴羡慕被驯养的驴的优越的生活，因此希望也能成为一头被驯养的驴。但是在一天看到这头驴，运送木头，被主人用棍子驱赶后，认识到任何事情都是有代价的，就改变了这种想法。 51．词句猜测题。分析“The tame donkey was fat and strong. During summer he ate the rich grass while in winter he had corn and hay (干草) to eat. There was always fresh water for him to drink and at night he stayed safely in a stable (马厩).”可知，夏天他吃肥美的草，冬天他吃玉米和干草。总是有新鲜的水给他喝，晚上他安全地待在马厩里。所以他是被驯养的，故选A。 52．细节理解题。根据“The wild donkey was thin and small.”可知，野驴又瘦又小。故选C。 53．细节理解题。根据“During summer he ate the rich grass”可知，夏天他吃肥美的草，故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据“he saw the tame donkey walking slowly along the road, carrying a heavy load of wood”可知，他看见那头被驯养的驴子驮着沉重的木头，在路上慢慢地走着。故选A。 55．推理判断题。根据“I see that you have to pay heavily for the food they give you.”可知，我知道你必须为他们给你的食物付出沉重的代价，所以生活对每个人来说都不容易。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年八年级上·红桥区·期末） During my last year of Junior high school, our teacher, Mrs Debby, gave us a test. I was a hard-working student and I did well in all subjects. I finished the questions successfully until I read the last one: What is the first name of the woman who cleans the school? Of course I thought that must have been a joke. I saw the cleaning woman every day. She was short and about 50 years old. She had dark hair. But how could I know her name? I had never talked with her before. In fact, I’d never even thought about talking to her. I looked at my paper and started to feel rather guilty. Finally, I handed in my paper, leaving the last one unanswered. Before the test ended, one student asked if the last question would be counted in our grades. “Of course,” the teacher said. “In your life, you will meet many people. They are all important. They deserve (值得) your attention and care, even if all you do is to smile and say hello.” I’ve never forgotten that lesson. Everyone deserves my attention and I should get to know all of the people who work and live around me. That was, perhaps, the most important lesson of my life. Later, I also learned that the cleaning woman’s name was Hannah. 41．What did the cleaning woman look like? A．She was tall and had dark hair. B．She was tall and had brown hair. C．She was short and had dark hair. D．She was short and had brown hair. 42．We can know from the passage that the writer ________ during junior high school. A．did well in all subjects B．was not hard-working C．didn’t like to go to school D．always talked with the cleaning woman 43．The underlined world “guilty” in Paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese. A．自豪的 B．内疚的 C．震惊的 D．悲伤的 44．What was the writer’s answer to the last question? A．“Debby”. B．“Hannah”. C．“I don’t know.” D．He didn’t answer it. 45．By the last question of the test, the teacher wanted to tell the students that ________ A．they should work hard B．they should be friendly to each other C．they should clean the school by themselves D．they should pay attention to all the people around them 【答案】41．C 42．A 43．B 44．D 45．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过一个测试明白了一个道理：每个人都应该值得我们关注，我们应该了解所有在我们周围工作和生活的人。 41．细节理解题。根据文中“I saw the cleaning woman every day. She was short and about 50 years old. She had dark hair.”可知，这位清洁女工个子不高，一头黑发。故选C。 42．细节理解题。根据文中“I was a hard-working student and I did well in all subjects.”可知，作者全部的科目都很好。故选A。 43．词句猜测题。根据文中“I had never talked with her before. In fact, I’d never even thought about talking to her. I looked at my paper and started to feel rather guilty.”可知，作者为自己从来没有想过和这位每天都见面的清洁女工说话这件事而感到内疚。故选B。 44．细节理解题。根据文中“Finally, I handed in my paper, leaving the last one unanswered.”可知，作者最后没有回答最后一个问题。故选D。 45．推理判断题。根据文中“I’ve never forgotten that lesson. Everyone deserves my attention and I should get to know all of the people who work and live around me.”可知，老师想要告诉学生们应该注意他们周围所有的人。故选D。 主题03 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·耀华中学·期末） ①Can animals talk? It is true that they are not able to use words like ours, but most of them can talk in their own way. ②When the cat is happy and pleased, how does she show it? She purrs (发出呼噜声), and this is her way of saying. “I am quite happy now.” If she is unhappy, or in pain, or hungry, she mews. If she is angry, she sets up her back and moves her tail from side to side. If she is treated (对待) in a way she does not like, her tail goes straight up in the air, and she walks out of the room. ③If your dog is pleased, he puts back his ears, waves his tail, and seems to smile. If he is angry, he growls (咆哮), shows his teeth, puts up his tail and the hair along his back and neck, walks around slowly, and makes himself look very fierce (凶猛). This is the dog’s way of saying. “I am mad, I have a mind to bite you.” ④When a hen sees a dog coming near her chickens, have you not noticed how she waves her wings, raises her tail, and rushes to the dog? This is her way of saying “Be off, or I will peck (啄) you with my hard beak (喙).” If she sees a hawk, she makes a strange noise, and her chickens at once run away and hide themselves. They understand their mother to say “Quick, get out of sight, dears! There is danger near.” When she finds some nice food, she makes another kind of noise. The chickens know quite well what it means, and run at once to share the food their mother has found for them. ⑤In such ways as these, animals make themselves understood almost as well as if they could talk like humans. They tell their feelings to one another by acts and by sounds just as we do by words. 36．A cat’s tail goes straight up in the air when ________. A．she is treated in a way she dislikes B．she is hungry or in pain C．she is happy and pleased D．she is interested in something 37．Which of the following is the right order when a hen sees a hawk? a. Chickens understand what their mother says.   b. Chickens run away.   c. A hen makes a strange noise.   d. Chickens hide themselves. A．c→a→b→d B．b→c→d→a C．c→b→d→a D．b→d→a→c 38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．A dog puts back his ears and waves his tail to show he is angry. B．A dog always comes near the hen to bite the chickens when he is happy. C．The hen knows her chickens quite well and run to share the food with them. D．The chickens run away and hide themselves when there is danger near. 39．How is the passage organized? A． B． C． D． 40．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．Teach us to talk like animals. B．Introduce how animals make themselves understood. C．Tell us that animals can talk like humans. D．Ask us to be friendly to animals. 【答案】36．A 37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了动物虽然不能像人类一样用语言交流，但它们能以自己的方式表达情感，使自己被理解，文章通过举例说明了猫、狗、母鸡等动物的交流方式。 36．细节理解题。根据“If she is treated (对待) in a way she does not like, her tail goes straight up in the air, and she walks out of the room.”可知，当猫被以它不喜欢的方式对待时，它的尾巴会笔直地竖在空中，故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据“If she sees a hawk, she makes a strange noise, and her chickens at once run away and hide themselves. They understand their mother to say ‘Quick, get out of sight, dears! There is danger near.’”可知如果母鸡看到鹰，就会发出奇怪的声音，小鸡理解了妈妈说的话，会立刻跑开躲起来，故正确顺序是是cabd。故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据“If she sees a hawk, she makes a strange noise, and her chickens at once run away and hide themselves. They understand their mother to say ‘Quick, get out of sight, dears! There is danger near.’”可知，当鸡看到有危险靠近时，会跑开并躲藏起来，故选D。 39．篇章结构题。文章第一段提出动物能用自己的方式交流的观点，第二、三、四段分别举例说明猫、狗、母鸡的交流方式，第五段进行总结，故选C。 40．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了动物虽然不能像人类一样用语言交流，但它们能以自己的方式表达情感，使自己被理解，文章通过举例说明了猫、狗、母鸡等动物的交流方式，故作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍动物如何让自己被理解，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·小外·期末） In this activity, children will take a closer look at leaves and find out more about leaf characteristics and how leaves can be used to identify plants. Next time you are in a forest, you can collect leaves of different shapes, sizes, and colors on the ground. Ask these questions: ◯What differences and similarities can you see? ◯What do the leaves feel like? Do they have hairs? Or teeth? ◯Can you find the tree that each leaf came from? Explain that leaves can be used to identify trees. Use a field guide to identify a tree. Find a leaf from that tree, and compare the leaf in the field guide to the real-life leaf you found on the ground. How many other trees can you find with this same type of leaf? The edges or margins (边缘) of leaves can give us clues to the tree’s identity. Another characteristic to identify a tree is the way its leaves grow on the twigs (嫩枝). Even needle leaves grow in patterns. For example, leaves on pines may grow in clusters (簇) of two, three, or more. Now, make prints of the leaves you collect. To make a leaf crayon rubbing, place a leaf on a smooth and hard surface, vein (叶脉) side up, and cover it with a piece of paper. Rub a crayon back and forth across the paper, directly above the leaf. What do you see? What will appear on the paper as you rub? 21．Children look at leaves and they can tell ________. ① what leaves look like        ② how old the tree is ③ which tree the leaves come from    ④ the weather in the future A．①② B．②③ C．①③ D．①④ 22．What can children take with them in order to identify trees? A．A new camera. B．A small knife. C．A field guide. D．A city map. 23．To identify a pine, we can look at ________. A．the margins of its leaves B．the way its leaves grow C．the sizes of its leaves D．where the tree lives 24．After making prints of a leaf, you can ________. A．know where to buy a leaf crayon B．tell how to identify a tree C．guess where you collect the leaf D．see the leaf’s margin and veins on a paper 25．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Looking at Leaves B．Identifying trees C．Collecting Leaves D．Making Prints of Leaves 【答案】21．C 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何观察树叶。 21．细节理解题。根据“In this activity, children will take a closer look at leaves and find out more about leaf characteristics and how leaves can be used to identify plants.”可知孩子们将仔细观察叶子，了解更多关于叶子特征以及如何用叶子来识别植物的信息，即①③。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据“Use a field guide to identify a tree.”可知使用现场指南来识别树。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据“Another characteristic to identify a tree is the way its leaves grow on the twigs”可知识别一棵树的另一个特征是它的叶子在树枝上生长的方式。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据“To make a leaf crayon rubbing, place a leaf on a smooth and hard surface, vein (叶脉) side up, and cover it with a piece of paper. Rub a crayon back and forth across the paper, directly above the leaf”可知要制作叶子蜡笔拓印，将一片叶子放在光滑坚硬的表面上，叶脉朝上，然后用一张纸盖住，用蜡笔在纸上来回摩擦，可以在纸上看到叶子的边缘和叶脉。故选D。 25．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了如何观察树叶，以选项A“观察树叶”为标题最合适。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年八年级上·小外·期末） Something has been washed up on the beaches of Cornwall, England for the last 17 years. Some may call it treasure, but everyone calls it Lego (乐高积木)! That’s right—Lego pieces have been washed up on beaches since 1997! On February 13, 1997, a shipping container filled with close to 5 million Lego pieces was thrown into the sea when the New York bound ship carrying it was hit by a huge wave. Sixty-one other containers were also thrown into the sea. British writer Tracey William set up a Facebook page to show Lego discoveries and share them with the world. She also set up a beach-cleaning group, which encourages Lego fans to help keep beaches clean. “These days we’ve found some pieces of octopuses or dragons on the beach,” Williams said. “I only know three octopuses have been found, and one was by me. It’s quite interesting. If you heard that your neighbor had found a green dragon, you’d want to go out and find one yourself.” So far the pieces have only washed up on UK shores. About 3.2 million of the 4.8 million pieces were light enough to stay on the sea water. There is no way to know how many of them have been collected over the last 17 years. “If you look at the washed-up Lego, it looks perfect, like it’s just come out of the box,” said Tracey. “Plastic in the sea is not going to just decompose (分解) and go away. So treasure searchers are being encouraged to take home any pieces they may find so that they don’t get washed back out into the ocean!” 26．What have been washed up on beaches in the last 17 years? A．Some fish. B．Some Lego pieces. C．Some pieces of paper. D．Some pieces of octopuses. 27．How many shipping containers were thrown into the sea? A．Only one container. B．Five million containers. C．Sixty-two containers. D．Seventeen containers. 28．In Williams’ opinion, it’s ________ to find Lego pieces on the beach. A．interesting B．difficult C．dangerous D．impossible 29．Which of the following is true? A．The Lego pieces have washed on many beaches in the world. B．We don’t know how many of the pieces have been collected. C．All the Lego pieces are light enough to stay on the sea water. D．About 3.2 million pieces have been collected in the past years. 30．In the last paragraph, Tracy agrees that ________. A．it’s good to take the plastic pieces home from the sea B．it’s good to let the Lego pieces keep staying on the sea C．it’s impossible to find all the Lego pieces in the sea D．plastic pieces in the sea usually go away very soon 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一艘货船遭遇巨浪，一个载有500万块乐高积木的集装箱被抛进大海。多年以来，乐高积木不断被人发现，海洋中的塑料不会分解消失。因此鼓励寻宝者把他们发现的任何碎片带回家，这样他们就不会被冲回大海。 26．细节理解题。根据“Lego pieces have been washed up on beaches since 1997”可知，过去的17年被冲上海滩的是乐高积木。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据“On February 13, 1997, a shipping container filled with”及“Sixty-one other containers were also thrown into the sea.”可知，共有62个集装箱被抛入海中。故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据“It’s quite interesting.”可知，威廉姆斯认为在海滩上寻找乐高积木是有趣的。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据文章中“There is no way to know how many of them have been collected over the last 17 years.”可知，我们无法得知过去17年里有多少乐高积木被收集了。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“… So treasure searchers are being encouraged to take home any pieces they may find so that they don’t get washed back out into the ocean!”可知，Tracy认为，把塑料碎片带回家是好的做法。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文） 主题01 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·河东区·期末） A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city. Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city. Even so, travel isn't difficult. The water ways have always been the best way to get around. There are 177 canals and more than 400 bridges that can guide you to where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat. They like to enjoy the scenery and cool summer nights while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along. Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1,500 years ago, and built homes there. Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes. Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by about 23 centimetres. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋) melt(融化) . Every year, high water hits the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater. Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which is planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem. 41．According to the passage, Venice is ________ of Italy. A．in the northeast B．in the west C．in the southwest D．in the south 42．________ have always been the best way to go here and there in the city. A．Taxis and cars B．The waterways C．The bridges D．Boats and rain shoes 43．Venice ________ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1,500 years ago. A．changed into B．used to be C．became D．developed from 44．Which is NOT the reason why the city gets lower and lower? A．The higher temperature. B．Overused underground water. C．Too many waterways. D．The rising seawater. 45．The passage is mainly about ________ of Venice. A．the waterways and bridges B．the MOST project and problems C．the specials and problems D．the history and scenery Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·河西区·期末） Americans think much about time. From childhood they learn to value (珍视) time. They are taught to be on time to go to school, to work and to do everything. When they are having a good time, they say that time goes easily. When a person is dying, they say he is living on a borrowed time. Time is money. Time is knowledge. Time is everything in America. A working American has to work hard for eight hours a day or forty hours a week. This is the working time. In his free time, he also works hard for more money. Even on Saturday and Sunday, he also works hard as usual. In the street, you can hardly see a man walking slowly. They walk very fast. In fact, they are running. They love time because time can bring them money and lots of things. But sometimes they also hate time, because they feel they have become servants (仆人) of the clock. 36．What do the Americans mean by “Time is money”? A．It is not easy to make money. B．It takes quite a lot of time to make money. C．Working hard can bring people health. D．If someone has time and works hard, he can make much money. 37．Americans think it wrong ________. A．to work on time B．to get up early C．to be late for school D．to be on time to do everything 38．This passage says that a dying person ________. A．is having a good time B．is living on a borrowed time C．thinks time goes easily D．is saving time 39．From this passage we can be sure that ________. A．Americans live a hard life B．Americans sometimes walk fast C．Americans live in a quick rhythm (节奏) D．Americans are not good at saving time 40．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Americans’ Ideas about Time B．Never Waste Time C．Time Is Money D．Learn to Be on Time 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·九十中学·期末） Because of the success of phones and e-readers, e-books have become popular. Still, there is something special about the feel of traditional paper books. Some teenagers shared their ideas about different books. Hannah,15: I prefer e-books to paper books. Buying e-books online can not only improve readers’ reading speed, but also save money, because e-books are cheaper than paper books. So why not choose e-books? Steve,14: I would rather read e-books than paper books. E-books are easy to carry. I can read them anytime and anywhere. What’s more, e-books are cheaper than paper books. More books can be bought with the same amount of money. In addition, e-books are environmentally friendly. Paper books may use many trees, but e-books don’t need to use any pieces of paper. Andrew,14: I am in favor of paper books. I enjoy the feeling of holding books in my hands rather than looking through them quickly on screens. After all, paper books can seem like a friend that can keep us company and “talk” to us. Besides, when we read paper books, it’s easy to take notes and write down our thoughts. Sophia,15: Compared with e-books, I feel more comfortable when I read paper books. In this way, I can understand deep meanings written between the lines. In addition, some enjoyable experiences can only be gotten from paper books, including visiting the bookstore, getting signatures (签名) from our favorite writers and the smell of a new book. 26．Who thinks e-books are better? A．Hannah and Steve. B．Andrew and Sophia. C．Hannah and Andrew. D．Steve and Sophia. 27．What does Steve think of e-books? A．They are more expensive. B．They are better for the environment. C．Readers can read them faster. D．They can easily hurt people’s eyes. 28．Which is not the advantage of paper books according to the passage? A．We can enjoy the feeling of holding books in our hands. B．It’s easy to take notes and write down our thoughts. C．We can read paper books anytime and anywhere. D．We can understand deep meanings written between the lines. 29．Readers can get many enjoyable experiences from paper books except ________. A．visiting the bookstore B．getting signatures from their favorite writers C．enjoying the smell of a new book D．talking about books with friends 30．Where do you most possibly see the passage? A．In a novel. B．In a newspaper. C．In a storybook. D．In a guidebook. Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·五十五中学·期末） Is Losing Weight an Important Health Goal? Advertisements, pop culture and even doctors can talk about health and weight as if they are one and the same: smaller bodies are healthier, and larger bodies must be unhealthy. But neither health nor bodies are that simple, and health can differ from person to person. “A higher body mass index (BMI) has to do with health conditions like diabetes (糖尿病)”, said Philipp Scherer, a professor at the University of Texas. “However, it’s not that clear when researchers look at a single person.” People in smaller bodies can develop heart disease or diabetes, and plenty of people in larger bodies are considered completely metabolically (新陈代谢地) healthy. “It’s just a result of our genetic heterogeneity (遗传异质性) and how we do with calories (卡路里) more than needed,” he added. Dr. Asher Larmie, a doctor in the UK noted, “BMI is just one of many factors causing changes in a person’s well-being. Medical care, environment, society and biology make up most of the factors that decide our health. We can’t take one look at a person’s body and get a sense of their health. Can we see somebody’s medical records? Are we talking to their doctors? And often health is honestly sometimes out of our control. There are so many illnesses that people just develop. ” Then, how can we really keep healthy? Health is decided by many factors. Not falling ill is one, but so are staying mentally (精神地) healthy, keeping active social networks, getting enough sleep and lowering stress. Taking in fewer calories or cutting out certain foods may be bad for your health if it hurts your mental health or keeps you from enjoying time with friends and family. “Weight loss doesn’t mean that you’ll necessarily get healthy. Sometimes how you lose weight could also be detrimental to your health. You may become unhealthy because of dieting,” said Charles Spence, a professor from the University of Oxford. “We should improve our health by moving more, sleeping better, stressing less and eating the foods your body is telling you that you need,” Larmie added. 36．Which sentence is right according to this passage? A．Health can differ from person to person. B．A higher body mass index (BMI) must do with health conditions like diabetes. C．People in larger bodies can’t be completely metabolically healthy. D．People in smaller bodies cannot develop heart disease or diabetes. 37．What can we learn about health according to Dr. Asher Larmie? A．Health is greatly under our control. B．We can tell if people are healthy from their BMI. C．Medical care is the most important for people’s health. D．Many factors have to do with people’s health conditions. 38．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．mental health is less important than physical health B．our lifestyle plays a very important role in our health C．losing weight is a common way to help us keep healthy D．sleeping better and stressing less can help us lose weight 39．The words “be detrimental to” in Paragraph 5 probably mean “________”. A．improve B．harm C．serve D．describe 40．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show us some useful ways to lose weight. B．To tell us the importance of keeping healthy. C．To make us clear on the relation between health and weight. D．To call on us to keep a smaller body size through exercising third of 主题03 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·南开区·期末） Feeling hot? So is Earth. Because of problems like climate (气候) change and bad ways of farming, much of the land is drying up. What can we do to solve this problem? The United Nations set up a holiday. In 1994, the UN started World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought (世界防治荒漠化和干旱日), to let more people know about desertification. It is on June 17 every year. Desertification happens when healthy land filled with water and nutrients (营养) becomes desert. It is dry and unhealthy. Every year, 20,000 km² to 50,000 km² of Earth’s land is lost to desertification. In Africa scientists predict (预测) that about 70% of Africa’s healthy land will be lost by 2025. Desertification sometimes happens because of climate change. Big and fast changes in temperature can kill plants and trees. However, it also happens because people use land too much, and in bad ways, to grow food on their farms. If we grow too many plants in the same soil (土壤) within too short a time, it will take away the soil’s nutrients. That can turn the soil into dry sand, like a desert. The UN suggests some different actions to stop desertification. One is to teach people better ways of farming, including the use of better fertilizers (肥料). Another is reforestation (重新造林). It means planting more trees. Today China has 61 million hectares (公顷) of new land to plant trees—more than anywhere else in the world. 36．What is land like if desertification happens? A．It is full of water. B．It has more nutrients. C．It is dry and unhealthy. D．It is easy to live on. 37．What do scientists guess will happen in Africa by 2025? A．There will be 20,000 km² of land desertification in Africa. B．Africa will have about 50,000 km² of healthy land. C．Growing plants will help Africa have more healthy land. D．Most of Africa’s land will be dry and unhealthy. 38．Why isn’t it good to grow too many plants in the same soil? A．Because it can change the climate fast. B．Because it can take away the soil’s nutrients. C．Because it can change dry sand into bad soil. D．Because it can take the places of forests. 39．Which of the following does NOT cause desertification? A．Climate change. B．Overusing the land. C．Using poor fertilizers. D．Plant more trees. 40．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The UN’s advice for stopping desertification. B．The UN’s plans for improved farming. C．The importance of reforestation. D．The causes of desertification. Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·西青区·期末） Winter has arrived. The temperature has dropped below 10℃. Do you want to complain (抱怨) that you still have to go to school on such cold days? You should know about the life in Oymyakon, Russia. Oymyakon is famous as the coldest village in the world. During the winter, the temperature averages (平均) -50 ℃. The village recorded the lowest in 2013, when the temperatures went down to -72 ℃. Amos Chapple is a reporter from New Zeal and in 2015, he traveled to Oymyakon to see what life was like there. He said, “It’s hard to take pictures. My camera would often get too cold to work properly. ” About 500 people live in Oymyakon now. Though the living condition is terrible, people ride bikes and even go swimming. Frozen fish stand in boxes. People in heavy winter clothing walk by them. It’s impossible to grow crops in Oymyakon. The local food is mostly meat. The meat is sometimes eaten frozen. The local people actually like cold food. And the freezing weather doesn’t prevent children from going to the classroom. Usually, schools in Oymyakon won’t close until the temperature drops to -46℃. 36．What is the average winter temperature in Oymyakon? A．10℃ B．-10℃ C．-50℃ D．-70℃ 37．When did Oymyakon record the lowest temperature in its history? A．In 2005 B．In 2013 C．In 2015 D．In 2017 38．Why was it hard for Amos Chapple to take pictures in winter in Oymyakon? A．Because his camera was often wet with snow and ice. B．Because people there didn’t allow him to take pictures. C．Because it was too cold to work properly. D．Because his hands froze and couldn't control the camera at all. 39．What do the local people mostly eat? A．Crops B．Frozen fish C．Meat D．Chicken 40．Which of the following sentences is true? A．People in Oymyakon don’t feel cold. B．Oymyakon is the coldest city in the world. C．People in Oymyakon can’t grow crops. D．Frozen fish is the most popular food in Oymyakon. Passage 3 （24-25学年八年级上·九十中学·期末） In the middle of the South Atlantic Ocean, one island stands alone. It is near Antarctica. But it is far away that people had difficulty finding it. At about 6.4 km long, the island is covered in glaciers（冰川）. It is home to an inactive volcano（死火山）and huge amounts of ice. The sharp and high rocks around the island make sea landings almost impossible. This is Bouvet Island, the loneliest island in the world. A French man found out Bouvet Island in 1739, but the island was so difficult to reach that nobody set foot on it for nearly a hundred years. No people live on Bouvet Island, and few plants grow there. Seals（海狮）come and go, but they haven’t seen people since the government didn’t allow people to catch seals and whales in the area any more. The island is cold all year round, with an average（平均的）temperature of about-1.7℃. In recent years, Bouvet Island has been known a little more by the world. Norway, which claimed（宣称拥有）the island in 1928, set up an unmanned weather station there in 1977. Today, this quiet island near the South Pole sends weather data to a satellite（卫星）, which passes the information to researchers in Norway. Scientists learn more every day about the island and its environment. Anyhow, Bouvet Island stands strong and silent in the cold weather condition. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 31．What is Bouvet Island like? A．It’s lonely and icy. B．It is full of volcanoes. C．It’s about 4.6 km long. D．It’s far from Antarctica. 32．When might humans first arrive on the island? A．In 1739. B．In 1822. C．In 1928. D．In 1977. 33．What can we learn from the text? A．Bouvet Island is close to the North Pole. B．There are many plants in the Bouvet island. C．Bouvet Island belongs to the United States. D．Catching whales isn’t allowed in the island. 34．What is the topic of the text mainly about? A．Sports and health. B．Music and art. C．Problems and advice. D．Geography and nature. 35．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Loneliest Island B．The Best Weather Station C．The Newest Research D．The Hardest Weather Condition 主题04 人与自然——灾害防范与宇宙探索 （24-25学年八年级上·五十五中学·期末） It’s easy to think “that will never happen to me,” but natural disasters (灾难) are becoming both more common and serious. Millions of families face floods, tornadoes (龙卷风) and other natural disasters every year. In Australia, for example, its wildfires from 2019 to 2020 were caused by the high temperature and a drought (干旱), taking away the lives of hundreds of people and billions of animals. While you can’t stop disasters from happening, you can stay safe during one if you know what to do. Flood Floods can happen very suddenly. Flood water can be deeper than it looks. It can carry you away, so stay away! Glass, snakes, and dirty things can be in flood water. They can make you sick, so don’t drink it even if you are thirsty. Tornado A tornado happens during some storms. If there’s a tornado warning, go someplace, such as a small and sturdy (结实的) bathroom, which is safe from the wind and flying things. Remember to keep away from windows or anything heavy that might fall on you. Get down low and cover your head with your arms. Earthquake You can stay safe during an earthquake by moving away from things that might fall. Get down under something that’s strong if you can’t rush out of the building right away. Protect your neck and head with your arm. If you’re outside, go to an open space. Stay away from trees or anything that might fall over and hurt you. Bushfire Bushfires, also known as wildfires, are common across the world during the hotter months. It is important that you try to stay calm in a bushfire. Some fires can start so quickly that they threaten (威胁) homes and lives within minutes, so your safest choice is always to leave early. You’d better prepare an emergency survival kit and have it handy at all times. No one wants to be caught in a dangerous and extreme situation. If the unthinkable does take place, having a plan and knowing what to do could make all the difference for you and your loved ones. 31．The writer mentions Australian wildfires to show ________. A．a natural disaster will never happen to us B．the fires can cause the death of people and animals C．natural disasters are becoming more and more serious D．the high temperature and a drought may lead to wildfires 32．How many kinds of natural disasters are mentioned in the passage? A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6 33．When disasters happen, what can you do to keep safe? A．Drink flood water if you are thirsty when a flood happens. B．Stop moving and wait for other people’s help in a bushfire. C．Stay away from windows or flying things when a tornado comes. · D．Stay under the trees after getting out of buildings in an earthquake. 34．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Predictions about Natural Disasters B．The Ways to Keep Safe in Natural Disasters C．The Reasons Why Natural Disasters Happen D．The Types of Natural Disasters around the World 35．Where can the passage be find? A．A science magazine B．A dictionary C．A diary D．A sports poster 主题01 人与社会——历史社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·部分区·期末） India has a population of 1.27 billion. Its population is the second largest in the world. China has the largest population of over 1.36 billion. One out of six people on this planet live in India. Although, the crown (王冠) of the world’s most populous (人口稠密的) country is on China’s head for ten years. India will take the position (位置) by 2030. With the population growth rate (率) at 1.58%, India will have more than 1.53 billion people by the end of 2030. Now more than 50% of India’s population is below the age of 25 and over 65% below the age of 35. About 72.2% of the population lives in 638,000 villages. Some of the reasons for India’s quickly growing population are poverty (贫穷), illiteracy (无知), decrease (减少) in death rates and immigration (移民) from Bangladesh and Nepal. India started taking measures (措施) to stop the growth rate quite early. India had the “National (国家的) Family Planning Program” in 1952. It became the first country in the world to have a population policy (政策). However, it didn’t reach the final goal (目标). 56．India’s population is the ________ largest in the world. A．first B．second C．third D．fourth 57．Which country will be the world’s most populous country by 2030? A．China. B．India. C．Bangladesh. D．Nepal. 58．Over 65% of India’s population is below the age of ________. A．15 B．25 C．35 D．45 59．________ is NOT the reason for India’s quickly growing population. A．Poverty B．Illiteracy C．Immigration D．Increase in death rates 60．Which of the following is TRUE? A．In 1953, Indian started the “National Family Planning Program”. B．About 72.2% of India’s population lives in the city. C．One out of seven people on the earth live in India. D．India’s population growth rate is 1.58%. Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·河北区·期末） When it comes to Chengdu, people may think of its delicious food and interesting places. These days, a hotpot-themed (火锅主题的) bus has creatively combined (结合) these things. The bus first appeared in Chengdu in May 2022. It gives a new experience to both local people and travelers in Chengdu. People can not only eat hotpot on the bus but also enjoy the beauty of Chengdu along the way. There is also a guide talking about the culture of hotpot and the stories of the places of interest. People have so many things to do on the bus, so their trip is never boring. At first, the bus only ran at 19:00 every day. Now it runs twice a day at 15:00 and 19:00. It has 8 dining tables inside. In order to let people enjoy their food and the city’s beauty safely, it travels slowly. It takes 90 minutes to travel about 10 kilometers. The food on the bus comes from a famous hotpot restaurant. It is ready-to-eat food. People can eat it directly (直接地). Travelers from different places have different tastes. However, everyone can find something they like on the bus. Since the hotpot-themed bus is popular, there will probably be more buses with different themes on the roads in Chengdu in the near future. 36．What does the word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The road. B．The bus. C．The city. D．The hotpot. 37．Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________. A．where the bus goes B．what people can do on the bus C．when the bus first appeared in Chengdu D．what the guide talks about along the way 38．What do we know about the hotpot-themed bus? A．It runs twice a day. B．It runs every morning. C．It travels very quickly. D．It carries 8 people at a time. 39．Where is the food on the bus from? A．A street market near the bus station. B．A large bus company in the country. C．A comfortable hotel in the city centre. D．A famous hotpot restaurant in Chengdu. 40．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Hotpot, a healthy meal B．Chengdu, a wonderful city C．A cool hotpot bus D．An enjoyable trip 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·滨海新区·期末） In cities, farming (农耕) is changing. Now, we can find farms in city balconies (阳台), too. and a lot of people begin to plant vegetables for gardening (园艺). Most of these people are young and were born after 1995. For example, Zhang Chao is from Anhui and now lives in the city. He became interested in planting when he lived with his grandpa in the countryside. His grandpa often planted vegetables in their garden at that time. Zhang also learnt to grow vegetables. It was hard work, but Zhang still felt happy when he saw seeds (种子) grow into plants. Zhang’s place doesn’t have a garden but he has not stopped planting. He uses his balcony as a garden now. He says that growing fruits and vegetables gives him healthy food and reminds (提醒) him of the good times with his grandpa. Fang Min from Shenzhen also likes planting. She is 16 years old and uses planting to relax herself and learn patience. She started planting vegetables on her balcony in 2021 to lower stress (减压) from school. Many of the seeds were from her friends. She planted them and then waited. Half a year later, her balcony became a small garden with flowers and herbs. After doing her homework, Fang likes walking in her balcony garden. She says the different colours and fresh (新鲜的) air in the garden make her feel close to nature. Her vegetables and herbs may not be the main food on the table, but they add flavour (增添风味) to the family and make their days more exciting. Gardening is not just about living a life anymore, it can also make young people feel happy and give meaning to their lives. 36．Where can people find farms in cities now? A．In gardens. B．On balconies. C．In public parks. D．In schools. 37．Why did Zhang Chao begin growing his own vegetables? A．Because he wanted to make money. B．Because his friends introduced this hobby to him. C．Because growing healthy food is his favourite hobby. D．Because it brings him healthy food and happy meniories (回忆). 38．What can the plants do for Fang Min? A．They help her make more friends. B．They make her relaxed from school. C．They make her eat more food than before. D．They bring her different ideas and fresh air. 39．Which of the following is True? A．Zhang Chao learned to grow vegetables from his parents in the city. B．Fang Min started planting vegetables on her balcony at the age of 16. C．All people begin to plant vegetables for gardening (园艺). D．Fang Min’s family’s days are more exciting because of the vegetables and herbs. 40．This passage tells us ________ A．Gardening is the main source (来源) of food. B．Gardening is the most popular hobby among young people. C．Gardening is a difficult hobby and it needs hard work. D．Gardening brings happiness and meaning to young people’s lives. Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·部分区·期末） Once upon a time, there was a wild donkey (驴) and a tame donkey. The wild donkey was thin and small. He spent his life outdoors. The grass on the hill was his food all year around. Sometimes, he had to walk miles to find fresh water and at night there was always danger from wolves. The tame donkey was fat and strong. During summer he ate the rich grass while in winter he had corn and hay (干草) to eat. There was always fresh water for him to drink and at night he stayed safely in a stable (马厩). The wild donkey always wished he could live like the tame donkey. One day, the wild donkey was looking for food on the hill. Looking down, he saw the tame donkey walking slowly along the road, carrying a heavy load of wood. As he watched, the tame donkey stopped to eat some grass by the roadside. Suddenly, his owner began to beat him with a stick. “I’ve changed my mind about your way of life,” thought the wild donkey. “I see that you have to pay heavily for the food they give you.” 51．What does the underlined word “tame” in the passage mean in Chinese? A．驯养的 B．漂亮的 C．傲慢的 D．强壮的 52．What did the wild donkey look like? A．tall and thin B．tall and fat C．small and thin D．fat and strong 53．What did the tame donkey eat in summer? A．fresh vegetables B．rich grass C．wood D．corn 54．The wild donkey looked down at the hill and saw________. A．the tame donkey was carrying wood B．the tame donkey was eating and drinking freely C．another donkey was looking for food D．a man was giving his donkey something to eat 55．What can we learn from this passage? A．The wild donkey lived a bad life. B．The tame donkey lived a good life. C．Life is not easy for everyone. D．We should always help others. Passage 3 （24-25学年八年级上·红桥区·期末） During my last year of Junior high school, our teacher, Mrs Debby, gave us a test. I was a hard-working student and I did well in all subjects. I finished the questions successfully until I read the last one: What is the first name of the woman who cleans the school? Of course I thought that must have been a joke. I saw the cleaning woman every day. She was short and about 50 years old. She had dark hair. But how could I know her name? I had never talked with her before. In fact, I’d never even thought about talking to her. I looked at my paper and started to feel rather guilty. Finally, I handed in my paper, leaving the last one unanswered. Before the test ended, one student asked if the last question would be counted in our grades. “Of course,” the teacher said. “In your life, you will meet many people. They are all important. They deserve (值得) your attention and care, even if all you do is to smile and say hello.” I’ve never forgotten that lesson. Everyone deserves my attention and I should get to know all of the people who work and live around me. That was, perhaps, the most important lesson of my life. Later, I also learned that the cleaning woman’s name was Hannah. 41．What did the cleaning woman look like? A．She was tall and had dark hair. B．She was tall and had brown hair. C．She was short and had dark hair. D．She was short and had brown hair. 42．We can know from the passage that the writer ________ during junior high school. A．did well in all subjects B．was not hard-working C．didn’t like to go to school D．always talked with the cleaning woman 43．The underlined world “guilty” in Paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese. A．自豪的 B．内疚的 C．震惊的 D．悲伤的 44．What was the writer’s answer to the last question? A．“Debby”. B．“Hannah”. C．“I don’t know.” D．He didn’t answer it. 45．By the last question of the test, the teacher wanted to tell the students that ________ A．they should work hard B．they should be friendly to each other C．they should clean the school by themselves D．they should pay attention to all the people around them 主题03 人与自然——生态自然与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年八年级上·耀华中学·期末） ①Can animals talk? It is true that they are not able to use words like ours, but most of them can talk in their own way. ②When the cat is happy and pleased, how does she show it? She purrs (发出呼噜声), and this is her way of saying. “I am quite happy now.” If she is unhappy, or in pain, or hungry, she mews. If she is angry, she sets up her back and moves her tail from side to side. If she is treated (对待) in a way she does not like, her tail goes straight up in the air, and she walks out of the room. ③If your dog is pleased, he puts back his ears, waves his tail, and seems to smile. If he is angry, he growls (咆哮), shows his teeth, puts up his tail and the hair along his back and neck, walks around slowly, and makes himself look very fierce (凶猛). This is the dog’s way of saying. “I am mad, I have a mind to bite you.” ④When a hen sees a dog coming near her chickens, have you not noticed how she waves her wings, raises her tail, and rushes to the dog? This is her way of saying “Be off, or I will peck (啄) you with my hard beak (喙).” If she sees a hawk, she makes a strange noise, and her chickens at once run away and hide themselves. They understand their mother to say “Quick, get out of sight, dears! There is danger near.” When she finds some nice food, she makes another kind of noise. The chickens know quite well what it means, and run at once to share the food their mother has found for them. ⑤In such ways as these, animals make themselves understood almost as well as if they could talk like humans. They tell their feelings to one another by acts and by sounds just as we do by words. 36．A cat’s tail goes straight up in the air when ________. A．she is treated in a way she dislikes B．she is hungry or in pain C．she is happy and pleased D．she is interested in something 37．Which of the following is the right order when a hen sees a hawk? a. Chickens understand what their mother says.   b. Chickens run away.   c. A hen makes a strange noise.   d. Chickens hide themselves. A．c→a→b→d B．b→c→d→a C．c→b→d→a D．b→d→a→c 38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．A dog puts back his ears and waves his tail to show he is angry. B．A dog always comes near the hen to bite the chickens when he is happy. C．The hen knows her chickens quite well and run to share the food with them. D．The chickens run away and hide themselves when there is danger near. 39．How is the passage organized? A． B． C． D． 40．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．Teach us to talk like animals. B．Introduce how animals make themselves understood. C．Tell us that animals can talk like humans. D．Ask us to be friendly to animals. Passage 2 （24-25学年八年级上·小外·期末） In this activity, children will take a closer look at leaves and find out more about leaf characteristics and how leaves can be used to identify plants. Next time you are in a forest, you can collect leaves of different shapes, sizes, and colors on the ground. Ask these questions: ◯What differences and similarities can you see? ◯What do the leaves feel like? Do they have hairs? Or teeth? ◯Can you find the tree that each leaf came from? Explain that leaves can be used to identify trees. Use a field guide to identify a tree. Find a leaf from that tree, and compare the leaf in the field guide to the real-life leaf you found on the ground. How many other trees can you find with this same type of leaf? The edges or margins (边缘) of leaves can give us clues to the tree’s identity. Another characteristic to identify a tree is the way its leaves grow on the twigs (嫩枝). Even needle leaves grow in patterns. For example, leaves on pines may grow in clusters (簇) of two, three, or more. Now, make prints of the leaves you collect. To make a leaf crayon rubbing, place a leaf on a smooth and hard surface, vein (叶脉) side up, and cover it with a piece of paper. Rub a crayon back and forth across the paper, directly above the leaf. What do you see? What will appear on the paper as you rub? 21．Children look at leaves and they can tell ________. ① what leaves look like        ② how old the tree is ③ which tree the leaves come from    ④ the weather in the future A．①② B．②③ C．①③ D．①④ 22．What can children take with them in order to identify trees? A．A new camera. B．A small knife. C．A field guide. D．A city map. 23．To identify a pine, we can look at ________. A．the margins of its leaves B．the way its leaves grow C．the sizes of its leaves D．where the tree lives 24．After making prints of a leaf, you can ________. A．know where to buy a leaf crayon B．tell how to identify a tree C．guess where you collect the leaf D．see the leaf’s margin and veins on a paper 25．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Looking at Leaves B．Identifying trees C．Collecting Leaves D．Making Prints of Leaves Passage 3 （24-25学年八年级上·小外·期末） Something has been washed up on the beaches of Cornwall, England for the last 17 years. Some may call it treasure, but everyone calls it Lego (乐高积木)! That’s right—Lego pieces have been washed up on beaches since 1997! On February 13, 1997, a shipping container filled with close to 5 million Lego pieces was thrown into the sea when the New York bound ship carrying it was hit by a huge wave. Sixty-one other containers were also thrown into the sea. British writer Tracey William set up a Facebook page to show Lego discoveries and share them with the world. She also set up a beach-cleaning group, which encourages Lego fans to help keep beaches clean. “These days we’ve found some pieces of octopuses or dragons on the beach,” Williams said. “I only know three octopuses have been found, and one was by me. It’s quite interesting. If you heard that your neighbor had found a green dragon, you’d want to go out and find one yourself.” So far the pieces have only washed up on UK shores. About 3.2 million of the 4.8 million pieces were light enough to stay on the sea water. There is no way to know how many of them have been collected over the last 17 years. “If you look at the washed-up Lego, it looks perfect, like it’s just come out of the box,” said Tracey. “Plastic in the sea is not going to just decompose (分解) and go away. So treasure searchers are being encouraged to take home any pieces they may find so that they don’t get washed back out into the ocean!” 26．What have been washed up on beaches in the last 17 years? A．Some fish. B．Some Lego pieces. C．Some pieces of paper. D．Some pieces of octopuses. 27．How many shipping containers were thrown into the sea? A．Only one container. B．Five million containers. C．Sixty-two containers. D．Seventeen containers. 28．In Williams’ opinion, it’s ________ to find Lego pieces on the beach. A．interesting B．difficult C．dangerous D．impossible 29．Which of the following is true? A．The Lego pieces have washed on many beaches in the world. B．We don’t know how many of the pieces have been collected. C．All the Lego pieces are light enough to stay on the sea water. D．About 3.2 million pieces have been collected in the past years. 30．In the last paragraph, Tracy agrees that ________. A．it’s good to take the plastic pieces home from the sea B．it’s good to let the Lego pieces keep staying on the sea C．it’s impossible to find all the Lego pieces in the sea D．plastic pieces in the sea usually go away very soon / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $