范畴二 话题12 历史与社会-【一战成名新中考】2026贵州中考英语（课标版）·一轮复习·话题读写思维训练优质PPT课件（练册）

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦“人与社会”范畴下“历史与社会”核心话题，系统覆盖对突出贡献人物、社会变迁等中考常考角度，结合教材单元梳理课标高频词句和长难句，分析近三年考点分布如2023省一模阅读B考查公共秩序，按“词汇-阅读-写作”模块归纳题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题精析+素养融合”模式，如以《The Last Days of Old Beijing》阅读示范后续推断题“三步骤解题法”，培养语言理解和思维品质。通过商鞅故事训练语法填空，渗透文化意识。设计易错点对比和限时训练，帮助学生掌握技巧，教师可依此制定冲刺计划，提升复习效率。

英语 1 2 第一部分 话题读写精讲练 ★范畴二 人与社会 话题12 历史与社会 3 【常考角度】对世界、国家、人民和社会有突出贡献的人物 [3次] 、公共秩 序与法律法规，个人信息安全与国家安全 [2023省一模阅读B] 、社会热点与国际 事务 [2024省一模阅读B] 、家乡和社会变迁与发展 【教材单元链接】 人教 课标 八(上) Unit 7 未来的 生活 八(下) Unit 10 家乡 的变迁 九(上) Unit 1 Topic 1 & Topic 2 社会变迁与人 的变化 九(下) Unit 5 Topic 2 & Topic 3 历史名人 4 社会发展与变迁 1.hometown 家乡 2.countryside 乡村 3.population 人口 4.transportation 交通 5.set up 建立 6.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 7.live a hard life 过着艰苦的生活 5 8.with the development of 随着……的发展 9.great changes have taken place 发生了巨大改变 10.make sth. a reality 使……成为现实 11.provide people with work 提供就业机会 12.living standard has improved 生活水平提高了 13.have great effects on 对……有很大影响 6 有突出贡献的人物 1.expert 专家 2.do research 做研究 3.be talented/gifted in 在……方面有天赋 4.the pioneer in the field of... ……领域的先驱 5.the discovery of scientific truths 发现科学真理 6.solve the problem of... 解决……的问题 7.devote oneself to doing sth. 致力于做某事 8.make contributions to... 为……做贡献 7 公共秩序与法律法规 1.make laws 制定法律 2.public rules 公共规则 3.wait in line 排队等待 4.in order 秩序井然 5.follow/obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 8 6.break/against the rules 打破/违反规则 7.keep quiet in the library 在图书馆保持安静 8.have the right to do sth. 有权利做某事 9.be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 10.force sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 9 一、课标高频词句 1.catch one's eye ________________ 2.think about ____________ 3.experience the local culture ______________ 4.go through ____________ 5.make way for… ____________ 6.in the face of ______ 吸引某人的注意 思考；考虑 体验当地文化 经历；经受 为……让路 面对 10 7.hold onto ______________ 8.move forward ________________ 抓紧；保持住 前进；向前移动 二、 长难句分析 【分析】铺灰句中包含一个由how引导的 ______从句，该从句中又包含一 个 __________从句。 宾语 时间状语 11 I like reading a lot. One afternoon in a bookstore, I found a book called The Last Days of Old Beijing by US writer Michael Meyer. The name caught my eye and made me think about my home city, Beijing, and its past. Meyer's writing takes us back in time to Beijing about 20 years ago. In 2005, Meyer . .1. . into a shared courtyard (庭院) home in one of Beijing's oldest neighborhoods, Dashilan, on one of its hutongs. There he . .2. . English at a local school. And he became the only Westerner there living among . .3. . 12 people. This gave him a chance to experience the local culture.Meyer . .4. . some of the great changes this neighborhood went through. The old houses made way for high-rise . .5. . and shopping malls. However, some parts of old Beijing's culture stayed strong in the face of big changes. People still kept traditions like . .6. . Spring Festival couplets (对联). And artists worked hard to pass down . .7. . like acrobatics (杂技). Meyer shows us how these traditions helped people hold onto their roots . .8. . old buildings went away around them. I was born in Beijing in the 2010s, so I know more about the city's . .9. . side. Reading The Last Days of Old Beijing opened my eyes to new sides of the city that I hadn't seen . .10. .. Those small details (细节) of daily life in the old neighborhoods touched my heart. It made me think about how we can keep our traditions alive while also moving forward.#4 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过阅读Michael Meyer的作品《再会，老北京》了解了“胡同”文化和社区的巨大变化，从 而引发了作者对于如何在保持传统的同时也能随着变化向前发展的思考。 15 1.( ) A. discussed B. blew C. moved 【解析】根据下文提到他住在了这里可知，他2005年搬到了大栅栏。 2.( ) A. taught B. agreed C. made 【解析】根据后半句提到的学校可知，他在一所当地的学校教英语。 3.( ) A. local B. clear C. round 【解析】根据下文他有了体验当地文化的机会可知，他和当地人住在一起。 4.( ) A. heard B. smelt C. saw √ √ √ √ 16 5.( ) A. buildings B. instruments C. journeys 【解析】根据上文提到他见证了这个社区经历的巨大变化可知，旧房子被 高层建筑和购物中心所取代。 6.( ) A. going past B. putting up C. digging in 7.( ) A. bells B. clouds C. skills 8.( ) A. when B. since C. or 【解析】根据上文提到虽然这里发生了巨大的改变，但有些老北京文化仍 然保留着可知，此处意为Meyer向我们展示了这些传统是如何帮助人们在 周围的老建筑消失的情况下保持自己的根基的。 √ √ √ √ 17 9.( ) A. ancient B. foreign C. modern 【解析】根据上文Meyer记录的北京变迁的时间与“我”出生的时间对比可 知，“我”了解得更多的是这个城市现代化的一面。 10.( ) A. soon B. before C. later √ √ 18 Task 1： The writer would most probably talk about ___ after Paragraph 4. A. the development of daily life in the old neighborhoods B. some ways to keep traditions alive while moving forward C. the reason why there are fewer and fewer old houses in Beijing √ 19 后续推断题 [2023.51] ：此类试题需根据文章已知的细节信息对文章结尾 接下来的讨论目标作推测。设问方式有：The writer would most probably talk about ____ after Paragraph… 针对此类试题，学生可参考以下解题步 骤： Step 1 通读全文，了解文章各段落的主旨大意(说明文)或故事情节发展 (记叙文)。 20 Step 2 紧扣文章结尾段，尤其是最后一到两句话中的线索，明确接下来 的写作落点或故事走向。 根据最后一段最后一句可知作者接下来可能会讲如何在社会发展的同时保 留传统。 Step 3 结合选项判断是否符合原文的细节信息，从而确定答案。#1.1.4 Task 2：Would you like to visit Beijing during your vacation? Why? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Yes. Because I want to learn more about the history and culture of Beijing. I want to visit some places of interest, such as the Great Wall, the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace. What's more, I'd like to taste some local food, like Beijing Duck. I can't wait to take a trip to Beijing.(开放性题目，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。) 22 Passage 1[2025铜仁三模] 一、课标高频词句 1.point out ______ 指出 2.turning point ________ 3.take place ______ 转折点 发生 4.pass down ______ 传承 23 二、 长难句分析 【分析】铺灰句是一个由that引导的 ______从句，with后的内容作后置定 语。句中的party意为“ ______”，属于熟词生义。 宾语 党派 24 A. which B. through C. an D. of E. and F. in On January 15, 2025, the 90th anniversary (周年纪念日) of the Zunyi Conference was held in Zunyi, Guizhou. The conference pointed out that the Zunyi Conference was 1. ___ important meeting with a great turning point in the history of our party.#3 C 25 A. which B. through C. an D. of E. and F. in The Zunyi Conference took place 2. ___ January 1935, during a key time for the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党). At the conference, important decisions 3. ___ changed the course of the party's history were made. Leaders reviewed past mistakes 4. ___ set a new direction for the future, which greatly encouraged the party members and the people.#4 F A E 26 A. which B. through C. an D. of E. and F. in The spirit of the Zunyi Conference is about seeking (寻找) truth from facts, correcting mistakes, and unity (团结). This spirit has been passed down 5. ___ generations and continues to guide the party in its work. The conference also marked a great step in building Mao Zedong's leadership within the party. The great contributions of the Zunyi Conference would go down in history, and the spirit of the Zunyi Conference would shine forever.#5 B 27 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2025年1月15日在贵州 遵义举行的遵义会议90周年纪念活动，指出遵义会议是党在历史上生死攸 关的转折点。 28 Task：Which of the following is not the spirit of the Zunyi Conference? ___ A. Seeking truth. B. Correcting mistakes. C. Remembering our history. √ 29 Passage 2[2025新疆改编] 一、课标高频词句 1.hear of ______ 2.work out ______ 3.believe in… __________ 4.come up with ____________ 听说 制定 相信…… 提出；想出 30 5.have a try ______ 6.to one's surprise ________________ 7.a man of his word ______________ 尝试 令某人惊讶的是 信守承诺的人 二、 长难句分析 【分析】铺灰句said后的内容是一个 ______从句，该从句的谓语是 ______________，从句中包含一个由who引导的 ______从句，该从句的谓 语是 ______。 宾语 would receive 定语 took 31 Have you ever heard of the story Xi Mu Li Xin? During the Warring States Period (战国时期), many 1. _______ (state) made changes to become stronger. One of the most successful changes 2. ____________ (create) by Shang Yang in Qin. states was created useful first Shang Yang worked out a set of 3. _______(use) plans. At 4. _____ (one), these plans were not easily accepted because people didn't believe in him. 32 How could he make people trust him and follow the rules? 5. _________ (solve) this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He ordered his men to put a thin wooden pole (杆) at the south gate. Then he said anyone who took the pole to the north gate would receive 10 gold pieces. The task was so easy that nobody believed it was true. They all 6. ________ (think) Shang Yang was joking. After 7. _______ (see) that, Shang Yang said he would offer 50 gold pieces to anyone who did it. To solve thought seeing And 8. _______ (final), a man wanted to have a try. He put the pole on his shoulder and walked to the north gate. To his surprise, Shang Yang paid him 50 gold pieces. The news spread across the capital. Soon, people were saying Shang Yang was a man of 9. ____ (he) word. Then people followed his new laws without question. With his efforts, Qin became the 10. _________ (strong) of all the states.#1.5 finally his strongest 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了战国时期，商鞅通过 “徙木立信”赢得百姓的信任，进而推行新法，最终帮助秦国成为最强诸侯 国的故事。 35 1. _______ 2. ____________ states was created 【解析】前面的主语“One of...”为单数，且此处讲述过去发生的事情，时 态为一般过去时，根据下文的by可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。 3. _______ 4. _____ 5. _________ useful first To solve 【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处动词作非谓语，表目的，应用不定式形 式。注意句首单词首字母大写。 36 6. ________ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. ____ thought seeing finally his 【解析】a man of his word为固定搭配，表示“信守承诺的人”。 10. _________ strongest 【解析】根据空前的the和句意可知，此处表示“最强大的”，应用形容词 的最高级形式。 37 Task 1： How does the writer lead into the topic? ___ A. By asking a question. B. By introducing a fact. C. By giving an example. √ 38 Task 2：The man who succeeded in putting the pole to the north gate got ________ gold pieces finally. 50/fifty Task 3：The task was so easy that nobody believed it was true. (so… that… 如此……以至于……) 仿写： __________________________________________________________ __________ (贵州是如此美丽，以至于每年都有成千上万的游客来游玩。) Guizhou is so beautiful that thousands of tourists visit it every year. 39 Passage 3 1.be born in ________ 2.set up ______ 3.at last ____________ 4.give up ______ 5.pass away ______ 出生于 建立 最终；最后 放弃 去世 40 Sun Yat-sen was a very important leader in Chinese history. He was born in a small village in Guangdong Province on November 12, 1866. He is a great revolutionary (革命的) pioneer because he helped to set up the Republic of China. When Sun Yat-sen was a teenager, he went to Hawaii to study. #3 There, he learnt about Western ideas and saw how different the Western countries were from China. 41 Later, he went to Hong Kong to study medicine and became a doctor, but he wanted more than just to help people with medicine. He wanted to help China become a strong and modern country. In 1894, Sun Yat-sen founded an organization known as Xingzhonghui in America. The organization aimed to set up a new government in China but failed at last. Sun Yat-sen didn't give up and 42 continued to fight for a modern China. In 1905, he formed Chinese Tongmenghui in Tokyo, where he became the leader and came up with the Three Principles of the People. He believed that China needed a big change, so in 1911 he led the Xinhai Revolution to end more than 2,000 years' feudal monarchy (封建帝制) in China. He returned to China and became the first provisional (临时的) president of the Republic of China. In 1925, Sun Yat-sen passed away in Beijing. The year 2025 is the 100th anniversary (周年) of his death. People all over the world honor him and his ideas. Sun Yat-sen is a great man fighting for China's future and his spirit will encourage us to move forward forever.#6 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孙中山先生从少年时期 到领导革命，为建立中华民国所做出的努力，以及他的伟大精神对后世的 深远影响。 44 1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?( ) A. Sun Yat-sen's family background. B. The choices of Sun Yat-sen's jobs. C. The changes of Sun Yat-sen's ideas. 【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，他了解了西方的思想，看到 了西方国家与中国的不同。学医之后发现他想要的不仅仅是用医学帮助人 们，他想帮助中国成为一个强大的现代化国家。这一段主要介绍孙中山的 思想发生了变化。 √ 45 2. Which is the right order of the events about Sun Yat- sen?( ) ①He led the Xinhai Revolution. ②He set up Xingzhonghui in America. ③He became the first provisional president. ④He raised the Three Principles of the People. A. ②③①④ B. ②③④① C. ②④①③ 【解析】细节排序题。根据第三段第一句和第四、五、六句可知，正确顺 序是:②在美国成立兴中会→④他提出了三民主义→①他领导了辛亥革命 →③他成为第一任临时总统。 √ 46 3.Which word can best describe Sun Yat-sen according to the text? ( ) A. Family-loving. B. Nation-loving. C. Fashion-loving. 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，他是一个爱国的人。 √ 47 4. What is the writer's purpose in writing the text? ( ) A. To tell a moving and funny story. B. To introduce a great national hero. C. To compare two old organizations. 【解析】写作目的题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段第一句可知，文章主 要介绍了伟大的民族英雄孙中山先生的一生，所以文章的目的是介绍一位 伟大的民族英雄。 √ 48 Task 1：When Sun Yat-sen studied in Hawaii, he realized that Western countries ___________________ China and wanted to help China become stronger. were different from Task 2：… and his spirit will encourage us to move forward forever. (encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事) 仿写： __________________________________________________________ ____________________________ (网上的很多短视频都鼓励人们保护我们的传统文化。) Many short videos on the Internet encourage people to protect our traditional culture. 49 Passage 4 一、课标高频词句 1.in the past ____________ 2.keep in touch with… ________________ 3.with the development of technology ________________ 过去；从前 与……保持联系 随着科技的发展 50 4.connect with… ____________ 5.use to do sth. ________________ 与……联系 过去常常做某事 6.what's more ____________ 而且；此外 二、 长难句分析 【分析】铺灰句是一个由and连接的 ______句，前一分句是一个由 _____ 引导的宾语从句；后一分句是一个由 ______引导的宾语从句。 并列 how what 51 In the last few years, great changes have taken place in our lives. Let's take a look at how things used to be in the past and what they are like now. 1. ___ In the past, people used to keep in touch with their relatives and friends by writing letters. B A. The quality of life has improved. B. The way we communicate has changed a lot. C. This has made our lives much more convenient. D. They would listen to the radio for news and music. E. These changes that have taken place in our lives are truly amazing. F. In the past, public transportation was the most common travel for most people.#6 52 Writing and sending a letter could take days or even weeks. However, now with the development of technology, we can quickly connect with anyone around the world through emails, social media and video calls. 2. ___ C A. The quality of life has improved. B. The way we communicate has changed a lot. C. This has made our lives much more convenient. D. They would listen to the radio for news and music. E. These changes that have taken place in our lives are truly amazing. F. In the past, public transportation was the most common travel for most people.#6 Our entertainment (娱乐) ways have also seen a great change. In the past, people used to listen to the radio and watch TV for entertainment. 3. ___ Sometimes they would watch TV programs when they were free. Nowadays, we have many new ways to enjoy D A. The quality of life has improved. B. The way we communicate has changed a lot. C. This has made our lives much more convenient. D. They would listen to the radio for news and music. E. These changes that have taken place in our lives are truly amazing. F. In the past, public transportation was the most common travel for most people.#6 movies, TV shows, and music on our smartphones, tablets (平板) and computers. What's more, the way we travel has also changed. 4. ___ Trains, buses, and bicycles were common on the roads. Nowadays, with the rise of private cars and ride-sharing F A. The quality of life has improved. B. The way we communicate has changed a lot. C. This has made our lives much more convenient. D. They would listen to the radio for news and music. E. These changes that have taken place in our lives are truly amazing. F. In the past, public transportation was the most common travel for most people.#6 apps, people have more choices when it comes to traveling. Lastly, our living environment has also improved much. In the past, many families lived in small and crowded houses with limited conveniences. However, today, more and more people are moving into A. The quality of life has improved. B. The way we communicate has changed a lot. C. This has made our lives much more convenient. D. They would listen to the radio for news and music. E. These changes that have taken place in our lives are truly amazing. F. In the past, public transportation was the most common travel for most people.#6 large and well-decorated apartments and houses. 5. ___ People now can get better healthcare and education more easily.#5 A A. The quality of life has improved. B. The way we communicate has changed a lot. C. This has made our lives much more convenient. D. They would listen to the radio for news and music. E. These changes that have taken place in our lives are truly amazing. F. In the past, public transportation was the most common travel for most people.#6 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从沟通、娱乐、出行和居住环 境等方面对比了过去生活和现在生活的变化。 58 1. ___ B 【解析】根据下文提到过去通过写信和亲戚朋友保持联系以及现在通过电 子邮件、社交媒体和视频电话进行沟通可知，本段主要介绍沟通方式的改 变。B项“我们交流的方式改变了很多。”符合语境。 2. ___ C 【解析】根据上文提到写信和寄信可能需要几天甚至几周的时间，但是通 过电子邮件、社交媒体和视频电话进行沟通非常快可知，此处表达科技的 发展给沟通带来了便利。C项“这使我们的生活更加方便。”符合语境。 59 3. ___ D 【解析】根据上文提到在过去，人们习惯于听收音机和看电视作为娱乐以 及下文提到人们在空闲的时候看电视节目可知，此处介绍过去在收音机上 的娱乐活动。D项“他们过去常通过收音机听新闻和音乐。”符合语境。 4. ___ F 【解析】根据空前和空后可知，此段在介绍出行方式的变化，与 Nowadays形成对比。F项“在过去，公共交通是大多数人最常见的出行方 式。”符合语境。 60 5. ___ A 【解析】根据下文提到人们现在可以更容易地获得更好的医疗保健和教育可 知，此处介绍人们的生活水平有了提高。A项“生活质量提高了。”符合语境。 61 Task 1：What has changed greatly in the last few years according to the text? ___ A. Our clothing styles. B. Our work environments. C. Our communication ways. Task 2：Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an entertainment choice in the past? ___ A. The radio. B. The computers. C. The television. √ √ 62 Task 3： Which of the following is the best title for the text? ___ A. Ways to Live Better B. We Can Travel Better C. Great Changes in Our Life √ 63 Task 4： What is the structure of the text? (P=Paragraph) ___ A. B. C. √ 64 $