题型05 阅读理解之说明文15篇（陕西专用）（中考真题+习题综合练习）-2026年中考英语总复习（陕西专用）

题型05 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (陕西专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 容易 科普知识,说明文,植物 2 适中 音乐与舞蹈,说明文 3 适中 意见/建议,说明文 4 较易 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 5 适中 传统节日,说明文,中华文化 6 适中 科普知识,说明文 7 适中 中华文化,说明文 8 适中 科普知识,说明文 9 适中 发明与创造,常见动物,说明文 10 较易 发明与创造,说明文 11 适中 文化差异,说明文,中华文化 12 适中 中华文化,说明文 13 适中 中华文化,说明文 14 较易 健康饮食,健康与运动,说明文 15 较易 家庭关系,青少年问题,说明文 【中考真题】 Most people agree that trees look nice. But not too many people know trees can also help us save money. Environmental scientists did some research and they learned that just one tree can save a city about 2,800 yuan over the tree’s lifetime. One way trees save money is by helping us save energy. Big trees stop the summer sun from shining directly to the buildings. Big trees block (遮挡) the winter wind. In this way, they help people to save the energy to make their homes and offices cool or warm. Saving energy means saving money! There are other ways for trees to help a city save money. For example, when it rains, a city’s sewers (下水道) fill up with water. Cities have to spend lots of money cleaning that water. But trees’ leaves and roots take in rainwater before it gets to the dirty sewers. With the help of trees, there is less water to clean and money is saved. 1．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to protect trees. B．How to study trees. C．How trees help cities save money. D．How trees make cities look nice. 2．The underlined word “they” refers to “_________”. A．city cleaners B．environmental scientists C．big trees D．tall buildings 3．To better support the topic sentence of Paragraph 3, the writer _________. A．gives an example B．asks a question C．uses pictures D．lists numbers 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了树木如何帮助城市节省金钱。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Most people agree that trees look nice. But not too many people know trees can also help us save money.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论树木如何通过多种方式（如节约能源、吸收雨水等）帮助城市节省开支。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Big trees stop the summer sun from shining directly to the buildings. Big trees block (遮挡) the winter wind. In this way, they help people to save the energy to make their homes and offices cool or warm.”可知，大树挡住了夏天的阳光直射到建筑物上。大树挡住了冬天的风。通过这种方式，它们帮助人们节省能源，使他们的家庭和办公室变冷或变暖，故此处的“they”指代前文提到的“big trees”，因为大树通过遮挡阳光和寒风帮助人们节约能源。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, when it rains, a city’s sewers (下水道) fill up with water.”可知，作者通过举例（雨水被树叶和根系吸收）来支持段落主题句“树木帮助城市节省金钱的其他方式”。故选A。 SHARE THE MAGIC of Italian song with Jonas Kaufmann as he shows us both on and off stage, how he fell in love with Italy and its music. “ITALIANS LOVE TO SING. They sing in the street. They sing while they go about their business. It is not just a cliché—in Italy, you see grown-up men just singing while they work, because they want to somehow express their feelings. Music is not only to make you smile, music is to make you think, and sometimes to understand that you’re not the only one carrying great problems with you. By expressing that in a song, you can better live with it, because somebody found the right words, the right way to express what you’re feeling at that moment. The songs on this album show the whole range of emotions that Italian music is capable of, just like in opera...” —Jonas Kaufmann The word “album” in the text means a group of songs or pieces of music on a CD． The underlined part means the rich feelings that Italian music is able to express. 1．The songs on this album are sung in ________. A．Russian B．French C．English D．Italian 2．From Kaufmann’s words, we can know ________. A．how much Italians love music B．how he created his music C．his experience of learning music D．his advice on making music 3．Which of the following would Kaufmann most probably agree according to the text? A．Music is a tool to learn a language. B．Music can work as the key to the door of art. C．Music is the most beautiful art form. D．Music can make people less lonely. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍乔纳斯·考夫曼是如何爱上意大利和它的音乐的。 1．细节理解题。根据“Dolce Vita is the Italian language for the English expression...”可知，专辑是意大利语的，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“ITALIANS LOVE TO SING. They sing in the street. They sing while they go about their business. It is not just a cliché—in Italy, you see grown-up men just singing while they work, because they want to somehow express their feelings.”可知，意大利人喜欢唱歌。他们在街上唱歌。他们一边做自己的事一边唱歌。这不仅仅是一种陈词滥调——在意大利，你会看到成年男性在工作时唱歌，因为他们想以某种方式表达自己的感受。由此可知，意大利人非常喜欢音乐。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“and sometimes to understand that you’re not the only one carrying great problems with you”可知，音乐有时候让明白你并不是唯一一个有大问题的人，所以音乐可以使人不那么孤独。故选D。 Chemistry is usually thought to be more difficult than other subjects, at least for the beginners. There are some reasons for this idea. For one thing, chemistry has a very specialized vocabulary（学科专用语汇）. At first, studying chemistry is like learning a new language. Also, some concepts（概念）of chemistry are hard to understand. However, with hard work and careful study, you can finish this subject successfully— and even enjoy it. Here are some suggestions to help you develop good study habits and better understand the topics in the book: ●Firstly, attend classes on time. Listen to your teacher and take careful notes in class. If possible, always review the topics you learn in class, and review your notes on the same day. ●Secondly, think carefully whether you really understand the meaning of a term or the use of an equation（方程式）. A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else. ●Thirdly, pay attention to things which have something to do with chemistry in life. Watch or do experiments in class carefully. ●Fourthly, question often and do not be afraid to ask your teacher or classmates for help. You will find that chemistry is much more than numbers, formulas（分子式）and equations. It’s often used in daily life just like math and physics. Once you fall in love with it, you’ll get lots of fun. 1．How many suggestions does the writer give the readers? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．The writer thinks that a good way to test your understanding of the formula “H2CO3” is to ________. A．write it on the blackboard B．read it aloud in class C．explain it to someone else D．ask others the meaning of it 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Chemistry is more often used than physics. B．Some concepts of chemistry are hard to understand. C．Studying chemistry is like learning our mother language. D．Chemistry is usually thought to be as difficult as other subjects. 4．The passage is mainly about ________. A．differences between chemistry and physics B．the importance of chemistry and physics C．why chemistry is hard for beginners D．how students study chemistry 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯，更好地理解化学的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“●Firstly...●Secondly...●Thirdly...●Fourthly”可知作者给读者4条建议，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else.”可知作者认为测试你对“H2CO3”公式理解程度的一个好方法是向别人解释它。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Also, some concepts（概念）of chemistry are hard to understand.”可知有些化学概念很难理解。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Here are some suggestions to help you develop good study habits and better understand the topics in the book:”可知本文主要介绍了帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯，更好地理解化学的建议，故选D。 【热点话题练习】 The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics has been given to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton! They helped make computers learn better. John J. Hopfield was born in Chicago, USA, in 1933. Geoffrey E. Hinton was born in London, UK, in 1947. They have been friends and worked together on neural networks (神经网络) since the 1980s. Neural networks are like brains for computers. They help computers learn and do things like recognizing pictures. Hopfield made a special kind of memory for computers. It’s like a photo album where computers can store and look at pictures and other things. Hinton found a way for computers to learn from data. Their work has made machine learning, which is when computers learn to do things without being told, much better and faster. The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry goes to three amazing scientists: David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John M. Jumper! They won for their work on making and understanding proteins (蛋白质). David Baker is from the University of Washington in the USA．He is like a cook who makes new and tasty dishes but with proteins instead of food! Demis Hassabis works at DeepMind, a smart company in London, UK. He is like a detective (侦探) who finds out how things work. John M. Jumper is also from the USA．He is like an artist who makes beautiful and useful things with proteins. Proteins are very important for life. They are like the building blocks of our bodies. Without their hard work, common people could hardly understand how to make new proteins and what these scientists have done. Their work has helped us make better medicines, foods, and even new materials. 1．What’s the main achievement of John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton? A．Developing new computer games. B．Improving computers’ learning abilities. C．Inventing a new kind of computer. D．Discovering a way to communicate with computers directly. 2．Which of the following statements about proteins is TRUE? A．Proteins play an unimportant role for life. B．Proteins serve as building blocks of our bodies. C．Proteins can be easily created and understood. D．Understanding proteins can hardly help in making medicines and foods. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of the Nobel Prize. B．The development of neural networks. C．The introduction of proteins. D．The Nobel Prize winners in 2024. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖的获奖者及其在相关领域的重大贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据“They helped make computers learn better.”和“Their work has made machine learning, which is when computers learn to do things without being told, much better and faster.”可知，John J. Hopfield和Geoffrey E. Hinton的主要成就是提高了计算机的学习能力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Proteins are very important for life. They are like the building blocks of our bodies.”可知，蛋白质是生命的重要组成部分，是身体的构建基石。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖的获奖者及其成就。故选D。 The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month and is also called the Double Ninth Festival. In China, nine has the similar pronunciation with the word “forever”, meaning long life. So the Chinese government set the day as the Seniors’ Day in 1989. The festival has a history of over 2,000 years. During the Warring States Period (战国时期), there was the Chongyang Festival. The name of the Chongyang Festival first appeared in the Three Kingdoms Period. During the Jin Dynasty, there were customs of enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine on the day. It was not officially (正式地) set as a festival until the Tang Dynasty. Since then, people have spent the festival with all kinds of activities. As September has the clear sky and fresh air, it is a very good time to climb the mountain. Since the Western Han Dynasty, it has been the custom of climbing on the Chongyang Festival. On the day, enjoying chrysanthemums is very popular as the flower means long life. Drinking chrysanthemum wine is regarded as a way to prevent bad things and stay warm. Inserting (插) Zhuyu and sticking chrysanthemums are also traditions to avoid bad things. 1．What does the writer mainly talk about in Paragraph 2? A．The history of the Chongyang Festival. B．The different names of the Chongyang Festival. C．The food people eat during the Chongyang Festival. D．The importance of the Chongyang Festival in different dynasties 2．When did people start the custom of climbing on the Chongyang Festival? A．During the Warring States Period. B．During the Western Han Dynasty. C．During the Tang Dynasty. D．During the Ming Dynasty. 3．Which question can help readers know the main idea of the text? A．How do people in other countries celebrate similar festivals? B．When did the Chinese government set the day as the Seniors’ Day? C．Why is the Chongyang Festival called the Double Ninth Festival? D．What are the traditions and customs of the Chongyang Festival? 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了重阳节的相关信息，包括其日期、“老人节”的由来、两千多年的历史渊源，以及登高、赏菊、饮菊花酒、插茱萸等传统习俗。 1．主旨大意题。第二段开篇点明“节日有两千多年历史”，随后按战国时期、三国时期、晋朝、唐朝的时间顺序，梳理了重阳节的起源、名称出现、习俗形成及正式确立的过程，核心围绕“重阳节的历史”展开。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Since the Western Han Dynasty, it has been the custom of climbing on the Chongyang Festival.”可知，重阳节登高的习俗始于西汉。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。文章围绕重阳节展开，既介绍了节日的起源、历史发展，也详细说明了相关传统习俗，核心是让读者了解重阳节的习俗与传统。选项D“重阳节的传统和习俗是什么？”能帮助读者了解文章的大意。故选D。 In 2025, the northern China has seen much more rain than usual. As we all know, the rain in Xi’an has lasted for over 40 days. Moss and mushrooms even appeared on the City Wall. This situation results from two main reasons: unusual atmospheric circulation (大气环流) and global warming. One direct reason is the unusual Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH, 西太平洋副热带高压). Normally, it moves north to North China in late July, but this year it arrived half a month earlier. It brought warm and wet air from the South China Sea to northern areas. At the same time, cold air moved south. The two kinds of air met. Then the rain came. Global warming also plays a key role. As temperatures rise quickly, the atmosphere can hold 7% more water vapor (水汽) for every 1°C increase. This has increased the number of heavy rain days. Faced with the continuous rainfall, people get less sunlight, and a large number of people feel down and tired. They may also lose interest in everyday activities. What's more, they feel like sleeping a lot and find it hard to get up in the morning. Focusing on study in class is a challenge for students. According to the UK National Health Service (NHS), not getting enough sunlight could make our brain not work well. And then makes people feel blue. So what can we do to deal with the problem and make us energetic? There are many choices for us. We can choose to exercise indoors. We can also use special lamps at home to simulate sunlight. 1．Why does the author mention the moss and mushrooms in paragraph 1? A．to introduce two plants to readers B．to lead into the topic of the City Wall in Xi'an C．to show the influence of the continuous rainfall D．to explain the formation of rain 2．According to Paragraph 2, which picture can best describe how the rain formed in Shaanxi? A． B． C． D． 3．What will be probably talked about next? A．Why students feel sleepy in class. B．When is the best time to enjoy sunlight. C．How different the climate is between the south and north China. D．What other ways we have to make us energetic. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了 2025 年中国北方（以西安为例）降雨异常偏多的两大原因（西太平洋副热带高压异常和全球变暖），以及持续降雨导致人们因缺乏阳光而情绪低落、精力不足的问题，并给出了相关应对方法。 1．推理判断题。根据“As we all know, the rain in Xi’an has lasted for over 40 days.”可知，西安连续下了40多天的雨；因此第一段提到苔藓和蘑菇长到了城墙上，目的是表明连绵不断的降雨所带来的影响，而不是单纯介绍植物或讲述城墙的话题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Normally, it moves north to North China in late July, but this year it arrived half a month earlier. It brought warm and wet air from the South China Sea to northern areas. At the same time, cold air moved south. The two kinds of air met. Then the rain came.”可知，“冷空气南下”与“从南海带来的暖湿气流”在陕西上空交汇形成降雨。选项A所示图最能体现“北方冷空气向南”和“副高带来的暖湿气流向北”这两股气流在陕西地区相遇的情形，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“not getting enough sunlight could make our brain not work well. And then makes people feel blue. So what can we do to deal with the problem and make us energetic? There are many choices for us. We can choose to exercise indoors. We can also use special lamps at home to simulate sunlight.”可知，短文最后提到应对“心情低落、精神萎靡”可以选择“室内锻炼”，“用特殊灯光模拟阳光”等方法，并表示“还有很多其他方法”。由此可推测下文仍会介绍“让人保持活力的其他做法”，故选D。 Tea is not strange to us Chinese. But how much do you know about tea sets? Do you know they have changed a lot over time? Tea sets became smaller and simpler after many changes in history. There are few records of tea sets before the Tang Dynasty. In Cha Jing, a great book written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, 28 kinds of tools used for making and drinking tea are included. The tea sets in the Song Dynasty were more nice-looking. At that time, a game about tea drinking enjoyed great popularity. The teapot used in the game often had a big belly, a long neck and a mouth that was not straight! The mouth could help the water more freely while filling a cup. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea sets became simple, and those made of gold and silver slowly disappeared. To test the color of tea, white tea sets were more popular. In the Qing Dynasty, professional tea sets made in Yixing, Jiangsu began to flourish and were much-loved. It’s said that tea made with Yixing purple clay tea sets still tastes good after being kept in the teapot for one night even in hot summer. 1．The writer starts the passage by________. A．showing facts B．raising questions C．giving examples D．telling stories 2．Which teapot may people in the Song Dynasty use in tea drinking game? A． B． C． D． 3．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “flourish”? flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ v. ① to develop quickly and be successful ② to be healthy and happy ③ to wave something around in a way that makes people look at it ④ to grow well A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Tea Sets with Different Materials B．Good Tea Sets Make Good Tea C．The Development of Tea Sets D．The Popularity of Tea Sets 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国茶具的历史演变过程，从唐朝的初步记录到宋朝的精美茶具，再到明清时期的简单茶具以及宜兴紫砂壶的兴起，展示了茶具在不同历史时期的特点和变化。 1．细节理解题。根据“Tea is not strange to us Chinese. But how much do you know about tea sets? Do you know they have changed a lot over time?”可知，作者通过提问的方式开启文章，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The teapot used in the game often had a big belly, a long neck and a mouth that was not straight! The mouth could help the water more freely while filling a cup.”可知，宋朝人在茶饮游戏中使用的茶壶通常有大肚子、长脖子和弯曲的壶嘴，这样的壶嘴在倒水时更顺畅，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“In the Qing Dynasty, professional tea sets made in Yixing, Jiangsu began to flourish and were much-loved.”可知，在清朝，江苏宜兴制作的专业茶具开始兴盛起来，深受人们喜爱。结合字典释义，“flourish”在这里的意思是“发展迅速并取得成功”，故选A。 4．最佳标题。文章主要讲述了茶具随着时间的变化而发生的演变，从唐朝的记录到宋朝的精美茶具，再到明清时期的简单茶具以及宜兴紫砂壶的兴起，都体现了茶具的发展历程。因此，最佳标题是“The Development of Tea Sets”。故选C。 Scientists pride themselves on being able to predict what will happen in the future. However, even with the most powerful (强大的) computers, they still can’t predict the weather more than a few days ahead—why is that? According to a scientific idea from the 1960s, some things, like the weather, are too hard to predict perfectly. This is because even very small differences at the start can lead to big and unexpected changes later. This idea is called the butterfly effect (蝴蝶效应). It was first explained by a math expert named Edward Lorenz. He said it was like a butterfly flapped its wings (振翅) in Brazil and caused a big storm in Texas, US. It may seem silly to think that one small insect would cause a huge storm thousands of miles away. But what if the beat of wings could change the air? This could influence the temperature and the conditions for a storm to gather. Finally, there might be a huge storm. Could someone who saw the butterfly flapping have predicted the storm? Lorenz’s theory says no. Even with all available data (可获得的数据), systems like the weather are too sensitive to small changes for us to be certain about how they will develop. The butterfly effect is an important idea in chaos theory. It helps us design airplane wings, make safe computer systems, and even predict traffic jams. So, next time you see a butterfly flapping, just think: could it cause a big storm somewhere far away? The word “sensitive” means being easily influenced by something. 1．Who first explained the butterfly effect? A．A weather scientist. B．A math expert. C．A computer engineer. D．A geography teacher. 2．The following examples are the butterfly effect EXCEPT ______. A．a student worked very hard and made great progress B．a tiny hole in a ship made it go below the surface of the sea C．a small finding led to a huge scientific breakthrough D．a small match caused a huge wildfire in the forest 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Scientists can predict the weather more than a week ahead now. B．The butterfly effect is a scientific idea from the 1990s. C．The weather system is sensitive to small changes. D．The butterfly effect has no use in our daily life. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“蝴蝶效应”的概念及其应用。文章通过气象预测的局限性引出“蝴蝶效应”理论，并说明其在混沌理论中的重要性及实际应用。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“It was first explained by a math expert named Edward Lorenz.”可知，蝴蝶效应是由数学专家提出的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。蝴蝶效应的核心是“微小的变化引发巨大而意外的后果”。A项“学生努力学习取得进步”是因果关系，不涉及不可预测的连锁反应；B项“船上的小洞导致沉没”、C项“小发现引发科学突破”、D项“小火柴引发森林大火”均符合蝴蝶效应。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“systems like the weather are too sensitive to small changes”可知，天气系统对小变化敏感。故选C。 To get a better idea of how far bees usually travel, researchers at Penn State worked to develop a way to follow bees. Researchers worked with engineers to create “AprilTags”, which are similar to QR codes (二维码). These codes are easy for cameras to find and read, even when the light isn’t good. They are smaller than a coin, and can be stuck on the back of bees without causing any harm. However, it was a demanding task to stick thousands of “AprilTags”. The researchers mainly studied young bees. They tagged (贴标签) 600 of them every two weeks. Over the spring and summer, the researchers tagged over 32,000 bees spread across six different hives (蜂箱). By putting a camera powered by the sun and a tiny computer above the door to each hive, the researchers could follow the tagged bees. The new system gave the researchers a lot of information about the bees’ flying. They found that most trips outside the hive took between one and four minutes. They thought these short trips were used for quick jobs. But about 34% of the bees took trips that lasted longer than two hours. The researchers said this could show that the bees were making longer trips to collect food. They noticed that the bees spent more time out collecting food when there were fewer flowers around. Researchers know that bees use a special “dance” to communicate with each other about where to collect food. Now they want to see how their new findings match up with the special dance. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How to stick small codes on bees safely. B．The features and advantages of “AprilTags”. C．How QR codes help cameras read information. D．The cost of producing “AprilTags” for bee studies. 2．The underlined word “demanding” in the third paragraph probably means “________”. A．relaxing B．small C．personal D．difficult 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Young bees were chosen because they are easier to train. B．More than half of the bee trips lasted longer than two hours. C．Bees change their flying time according to the environment. D．The camera system used to protect the bees. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文讲述了研究人员开发了“AprilTags”系统来追踪蜜蜂的飞行行为，发现蜜蜂的飞行时间与环境有关，并计划进一步研究蜜蜂的沟通方式。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Researchers worked with engineers to create “AprilTags”, ... without causing any harm.”可知，这种标签类似于二维码，体积小、易于相机识别，并能安全地贴在蜜蜂背上而不造成伤害。这是在介绍“AprilTags”的特性和优势。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“They tagged (贴标签) 600 of them every two weeks. Over the spring and summer, the researchers tagged over 32,000 bees spread across six different hives (蜂箱).”可知，研究人员每两周要粘贴600只蜜蜂，整个春夏季节粘贴超过32,000只，表明任务量大、耗时费力。因此，“demanding”在这里意为“困难的”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“They noticed that the bees spent more time out collecting food when there were fewer flowers around.”可知，蜜蜂在周围花朵较少时，会花更多时间外出采集食物。这表明蜜蜂的飞行时间会根据环境变化。故选C。 Do you get tired when climbing mountains? A special robot now can help you. At Mount Tai in Shandong Province, tourists can try exoskeleton robots. These amazing robots help them climb Mount Tai much more easily and quickly. The exoskeleton robot is light and weighs only 1.8 kg. Tourists can carry it easily. When they start climbing, they can wear it around the waist (腰部) and the top part of each leg. With the help of AI, the robot senses the wearer’s movement. Every time they take a step, it helps to lift their legs so they won’t feel tired when climbing. Li Chengde, a 68-year-old tourist from Jinan, tried the robot when he climbed Mount Tai. “It worked really well. Once I put it on, my legs didn’t hurt anymore. It felt like someone was pulling me up the mountain,” he said. A worker at Mount Tai said the exoskeleton robots could help older tourists experience the mountain’s beauty firsthand. “Some old people want to see the sights along the way, but sitting in cable cars (缆车) makes it hard for them to enjoy the full scenery. With the help of these robots, they can truly experience the joy of climbing,” he added. Some young people are also interested in such exoskeleton robots, but the old need them more as there are millions of old people in our country. By the end of 2024, the population aged 60 and above in China was 310 million. This number is still growing. To better serve the old people’s needs, there will be more lightweight exoskeleton robots to help them with walking, running and climbing. 1．In what way is the exoskeleton robot special? A．It helps tourists stay in good health. B．It makes climbing easier and faster. C．It tells tourists more about Mount Tai. D．It keeps tourists safe during the climb. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How the exoskeleton robot looks. B．How the exoskeleton robot gets popular. C．How tourists wear the exoskeleton robot. D．How the exoskeleton robot helps tourists. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Old tourists like cable cars better. B．Exoskeleton robots are too heavy. C．Young people like the robots more. D．Old people may use the robots most. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在山东泰山，游客可以尝试使用外骨骼机器人来帮助他们更轻松、快速地攀登泰山，文章还介绍了这种机器人的特点、使用方式以及游客和工作人员对其的评价。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These amazing robots help them climb Mount Tai much more easily and quickly.”可知，这些惊人的机器人帮助他们更轻松、快速地攀登泰山，这是外骨骼机器人的特别之处。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The exoskeleton robot is light and weighs only 1.8 kg. Tourists can carry it easily...Every time they take a step, it helps to lift their legs so they won’t feel tired when climbing.”可知，本段主要介绍了外骨骼机器人的重量、游客如何穿戴它以及它如何帮助游客攀登，即外骨骼机器人如何帮助游客。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some young people are also interested in such exoskeleton robots, but the old need them more as there are millions of old people in our country.”可知，一些年轻人也对这种外骨骼机器人感兴趣，但老年人更需要它们，因为我们国家有数百万的老年人，因此可推断出老年人最有可能使用这些机器人。故选D。 Walking around the city, you will see girls wearing hanfu or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters in the streets. A new trend (潮流) is getting popular in China. It’s guochao or China-Chic. Guochao adds traditional Chinese culture into products, and it shows the rise of China’s native fashion. Guochao got people’s attention in 2018. Before that, the market was controlled by foreign companies. There were few Chinese brands. To win the market share, many Chinese brands followed the footsteps of these Western brands. In 2018, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning made changes to the situation. It introduced its Wu Dao collection to the world. The collection not only looked fashionable, but also included elements (元素) of traditional Chinese culture. It quickly caught people’s attention at home and abroad. And it created amazing sales. Later, many Chinese brands, from food, drinks and clothing to mobile phones and cars, started to add Chinese culture into their products. These brands got what they wanted. Young people gradually converted their attention from Western culture to guochao. They accepted it with pleasure. What’s more, they started to develop interest in traditional Chinese art and literature. Now they wear traditional clothes, practice Chinese calligraphy (书法) and play Chinese musical instruments. At the same time, people of different ages start to choose products “made in China”. According to a survey, 68% Chinese people prefer Chinese brands. Among them, 62% say they are open to international brands, but Chinese brands remain the first choice. 1．How does the writer introduce guochao in Paragraph 1? A．By listing a fact. B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By making a comparison. 2．From Paragraph 2, we can learn that Chinese brand Li-Ning ________. A．increased the world market share before 2018 B．always followed the footsteps of foreign brands C．started the trend of guochao around the world D．lowered the price of its sportswear with Chinese elements 3．The underlined word “converted” in Paragraph3 means “________”. A．started B．developed C．changed D．improved 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Development of Li-Ning B．Young People’s Love for Chinese Brands C．The Advantages of Chinese Brands D．Guochao, A New Fashion Trend 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了“国潮”这一新时尚趋势的兴起、发展及其对年轻人文化认同的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“Walking around the city, you will see girls wearing hanfu or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters in the streets.”可知，作者通过描述街头现象来引入“国潮”，属于列举事实的方式。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 2018, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning made changes to the situation. It introduced its Wu Dao collection to the world...it created amazing sales.”可知，李宁通过推出“悟道”系列开启了国潮趋势。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Young people gradually converted their attention from Western culture to guochao.”可知，年轻人将注意力从西方文化“转向”国潮，因此converted意为“改变”。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕“国潮”这一新时尚趋势的兴起、发展及其影响展开说明，因此“Guochao, A New Fashion Trend”是最佳标题。故选D。 Have you eaten a “China burger” yet? In recent years, “China Burger” fast food restaurants have opened and become more and more popular. Although they go by different names, like Tastien and Ranxiong, they are like McDonald’s, KFC or Burger King, but more Chinese. I wanted to try something special from Tastien. So a few days ago I got a Peking duck burger with a drink. When I got my food, I loved the packaging (包装). The paper bag and boxes came in red, white and blue colors. They also had the words “Made in China” on them. The burger is pretty good. It has the Peking duck meat with some cucumber, lettuce and plum sauce. I really like their freshly made bread. It’s better than the bread from other brands. Although the Chinese bread used was not perfect, the China Burger gave people a more Chinese taste. It opened the door for me to try more different burgers. I’d still like to eat more from this and other China Burger restaurants in the future. Tastien started selling burgers in 2017, and since then it has grown fast. With its slogan (标语) of “Chinese stomachs love Chinese burgers,” Tastien now has over 5,400 stores, making it the fourth-largest burger chain in China. A Tastien customer spends just 19 yuan for every meal, far less than that spent at McDonald’s and KFC． And these “Chinese burgers” are often on sale for as little as 7 yuan. The popularity is also connected to growing national pride among Chinese consumers (消费者). Chinese products are getting more fans and young Chinese consumers think “Made in China” is not bad at all. 1．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT right about the food from Tastien? A．The paper bag and boxes are in red, white, and blue. B．There aren’t any words on the packaging. C．You can have Peking duck meat in the burger. D．The bread is freshly made. 2．In Paragraph 4, the writer mentions McDonald’s and KFC to show ________. A．food from Tastien is very cheap B．Tastien is more popular than them C．the burger from Tastien tastes much better D．food from Tastien is always on sale 3．What can we infer (推判) from the passage? A．The writer would like to try food from Ranxiong in the future. B．Only Chinese burgers are popular among Chinese customers. C．Tastien will be the largest burger chain in China. D．Most young people don’t think Chinese products are good. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Less Junk Food, A Healthier Life B．Burgers: A Cheaper Choice C．Chinese Stomachs Love Chinese Burgers D．Chinese Food Is the Best 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“中国汉堡”快餐品牌（如塔斯汀）的流行情况，包括其产品特点、包装、价格优势，以及流行背后的民族自豪感因素。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“They also had the words: “Made in China” on them.（包装上还有“中国制造”的字样。）”可知，选项B“包装上没有任何文字”表述错误。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“A Tastien customer spends just 19 yuan for every meal, far less than that spent at McDonald’s and KFC.”可知，提及麦当劳和肯德基是为了说明塔斯汀的食物很便宜。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章“Although they go by different names, like Tastien and Ranxiong... I’d still like to eat more from this and other China Burger restaurants in the future.”可知，作者未来可能会尝试燃熊的食物。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章“With its slogan of ‘Chinese stomachs love Chinese burgers’... The popularity is also connected to growing national pride among Chinese consumers.”可知，它的标语是“中国胃爱中国汉堡”……其流行还与中国消费者日益增长的民族自豪感有关，所以C选项“Chinese Stomachs Love Chinese Burgers”能概括文章核心内容。故选C。 Welcome to Amazing China. We’ll continue our series on the 24 solar terms (节气). Our topic for today is Cold Dew (Hanlu). As the 17th solar term in the 24 solar terms of the Chinese lunar calendar, Cold Dew usually comes around October 8th or 9th. It marks an important change in the weather: temperatures drop further compared to White Dew, and the dew on the grass and leaves becomes colder. For ancient Chinese farmers, Cold Dew was an important time for farm work. Crops like late rice and corn needed to be harvested (收割) on time because of the colder and colder nights. At the same time, fruit trees became ripe* during this time, and their bright colors turned the countryside into a warm picture. Cold Dew also has rich cultural meanings. One traditional custom is climbing mountains. People believe that climbing high places during this time can help dispel bad luck and make their bodies stronger. Besides, drinking chrysanthemum wine is popular. Because drinking it is good for health and keeps colds away. These traditions show how Chinese people respected nature and lived in harmony with it. Today, many young people do not know much about the 24 solar terms. However, these terms are an important part of Chinese culture. They carry the wisdom of our ancestors (祖先) and help us understand the changing seasons. By learning about Cold Dew and other solar terms, we can keep this valuable tradition alive. *The word “ripe” means fruit or grain is fully grown and ready to eat. 1．Compared with White Dew, which picture shows the temperature change of Cold Dew? A． B． C． D． 2．Why was Cold Dew important for ancient farmers? A．Because it was the best time for farmers to plant new crops. B．Because it allowed farmers to have a break from farm work. C．Because it meant some of the crops began their harvest season. D．Because it meant more rain so farmers didn’t have to water crops. 3．The underlined word “dispel” in Paragraph 3 means “________”. A．drive away B．bring back C．give up D．take place 4．What is the main purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To introduce different kinds of activities of Cold Dew. B．To ask more people to watch Amazing China. C．To explain the cultural meanings of Cold Dew. D．To call on more people to pay attention to our culture. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的二十四节气之一的寒露，包括其时间、天气变化、对古代农民的重要性、文化意义以及在现代的价值，旨在呼吁人们关注我们的传统文化。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It marks an important change in the weather: temperatures drop further compared to White Dew, and the dew on the grass and leaves becomes colder.”可知，与白露相比，寒露标志着气温进一步下降，草和叶子上的露水变得更冷。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For ancient Chinese farmers, Cold Dew was an important time for farm work. Crops like late rice and corn needed to be harvested (收割) on time because of the colder and colder nights.”可知，寒露对古代农民很重要，因为一些作物开始进入收获季节。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“People believe that climbing high places during this time can help dispel bad luck and make their bodies stronger.”以及常识可知，人们认为在这个时候爬高处可以帮助驱走厄运，使身体更强壮，所以“dispel”意为“驱走，赶走”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Today, many young people do not know much about the 24 solar terms. However, these terms are an important part of Chinese culture. They carry the wisdom of our ancestors (祖先) and help us understand the changing seasons. By learning about Cold Dew and other solar terms, we can keep this valuable tradition alive.”可知，如今，许多年轻人对二十四节气了解不多，然而，这些节气是中国文化的重要组成部分，它们承载着我们祖先的智慧，帮助我们了解季节的变化，通过了解寒露和其他节气，我们可以让这一宝贵的传统得以延续，所以文章的主要目的是呼吁更多人关注我们的文化。故选D。 Now, as living standards get better, obesity (肥胖症) has become a new problem in China. It can cause health problems like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart disease. To fight obesity and improve public health, the government started a “Weight Management Year” activity from 2025 to 2027. The goal is to help people live a healthier life. Here are China’s guidelines for treating obesity. First, it is important for people to know their Body Mass Index (BMI) (体重指数). A healthy adult’s BMI should be between 18.5 and 24. If it is between 24 and 28, he is overweight and if it is 28 or higher, he is considered obese. Next, eating a balanced diet and exercising matters. Instead of eating fried foods and sugary snacks, try healthy foods like brown rice, fresh vegetables, fish, chicken, or beans. Also, remember not to eat too much salt and oil. After the meal, you can take a walk for at least 30 minutes. Experts suggest doing activities like walking, cycling, or dancing for 150 to 300 minutes each week. If you sit for a long time studying, stand up and stretch (伸展) for 3 to 5 minutes every hour. What’s more, schools and communities are helping. Many schools now make sure students get at least two hours of exercise every day. Hospitals have set up “weight treatment centers” that offer diet plans, exercise tips, and even traditional Chinese methods. Weight management is not about being perfect. Even small change, like drinking water instead of soda or taking the stairs, can help us build a healthier future. 1．Why did China start the program of “Weight Management Year”? A．To change people’s unhealthy eating habits. B．To meet most people’s needs of losing weight. C．To help people fight obesity and improve public health. D．To catch people’s attention to teenagers’ health problems. 2．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By explaining reasons. B．By asking questions. C．By telling a story. D．By listing numbers. 3．Which is healthier than the other three according to the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Which paragraph shows schools’ and communities’ efforts? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国为对抗肥胖、改善公共健康启动 “体重管理年” 活动及相关指导方针。 1．细节理解题。根据“To fight obesity and improve public health, the government started a ‘Weight Management Year’ activity from 2025 to 2027.”可知，中国启动该项目是为了帮助人们对抗肥胖并改善公共健康。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“18.5 and 24”“24 and 28”“28 or higher”等数字可知，作者在第二段通过列数字来支撑观点。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“try healthy foods like brown rice, fresh vegetables, fish, chicken, or beans”“doing activities like walking, cycling, or dancing”可知，选项D中的自行车、蔬菜和苹果更健康。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“What’s more, schools and communities are helping.”可知，第四段展示了学校和社区的努力。故选D。 “I don’t like my parents. They always tell me I should do this, and should not do that. It sometimes makes me angry,” said Zhang Hua, a middle school student in Guangzhou. Do you have the same problem? Perhaps your parents had the same problem when they were at your age long ago. Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their children’s eyes? One of the biggest problems is when someone becomes a parent, he or she likes worrying about things. They worry about everything about you from the time you were born. They do a lot for you though something would make you angry, because they care about you and worry about you. They worry about your choice of friends, food you eat, your work at school, how much sleep you get, etc. All these things are part of your life. They want you to grow up healthily and happily. So how can you make things easier on your own? It’s easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what you’re doing. Get them to know your friends. Phone them if you stay somewhere late so that your parents won’t call everyone you know to look for you. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility (责任) for what you have done. Talk about your ideas with them. They may talk about theirs with you. Most of all, try to think about why your parents do this or do that. They are still practicing being parents and need help. Some day, when you become a parent, they may be able to help you know how to get on with your children. 1．The writer thinks one of the biggest problems for parents is to ________. A．hate their children B．hate themselves C．worry about themselves D．worry about everything about their children 2．All the things that parents do are to ________. A．make their children angry B．make their children smart C．want their children to grow up healthily and happily D．want their children to love them 3．The writer thinks we should ________ if we go back home later than usual. A．tell our friends B．tell the teacher C．make a telephone call to our parents D．tell our classmates 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Parents’ Responsibility B．How to Get on with Others C．Zhang Hua’s Problem D．How to Get on with Parents 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了青少年与父母之间容易产生矛盾的问题，并分析了父母爱担忧的原因，最后给出了如何与父母更好相处的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“One of the biggest problems is when someone becomes a parent, he or she likes worrying about things. They worry about everything about you...”可知，父母最大的问题之一是担忧孩子的一切。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They want you to grow up healthily and happily.”可知，父母所做的一切都是希望孩子健康快乐地成长。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Phone them if you stay somewhere late so that your parents won’t call everyone you know to look for you.”可知，如果比平时晚回家，应该给父母打电话。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要分析了父母爱担忧的原因，并给出了如何与父母更好相处的建议，因此最佳标题是“如何与父母相处”。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型05 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (陕西专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 容易 科普知识,说明文,植物 2 适中 音乐与舞蹈,说明文 3 适中 意见/建议,说明文 4 较易 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 5 适中 传统节日,说明文,中华文化 6 适中 科普知识,说明文 7 适中 中华文化,说明文 8 适中 科普知识,说明文 9 适中 发明与创造,常见动物,说明文 10 较易 发明与创造,说明文 11 适中 文化差异,说明文,中华文化 12 适中 中华文化,说明文 13 适中 中华文化,说明文 14 较易 健康饮食,健康与运动,说明文 15 较易 家庭关系,青少年问题,说明文 【中考真题】 Most people agree that trees look nice. But not too many people know trees can also help us save money. Environmental scientists did some research and they learned that just one tree can save a city about 2,800 yuan over the tree’s lifetime. One way trees save money is by helping us save energy. Big trees stop the summer sun from shining directly to the buildings. Big trees block (遮挡) the winter wind. In this way, they help people to save the energy to make their homes and offices cool or warm. Saving energy means saving money! There are other ways for trees to help a city save money. For example, when it rains, a city’s sewers (下水道) fill up with water. Cities have to spend lots of money cleaning that water. But trees’ leaves and roots take in rainwater before it gets to the dirty sewers. With the help of trees, there is less water to clean and money is saved. 1．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to protect trees. B．How to study trees. C．How trees help cities save money. D．How trees make cities look nice. 2．The underlined word “they” refers to “_________”. A．city cleaners B．environmental scientists C．big trees D．tall buildings 3．To better support the topic sentence of Paragraph 3, the writer _________. A．gives an example B．asks a question C．uses pictures D．lists numbers SHARE THE MAGIC of Italian song with Jonas Kaufmann as he shows us both on and off stage, how he fell in love with Italy and its music. “ITALIANS LOVE TO SING. They sing in the street. They sing while they go about their business. It is not just a cliché—in Italy, you see grown-up men just singing while they work, because they want to somehow express their feelings. Music is not only to make you smile, music is to make you think, and sometimes to understand that you’re not the only one carrying great problems with you. By expressing that in a song, you can better live with it, because somebody found the right words, the right way to express what you’re feeling at that moment. The songs on this album show the whole range of emotions that Italian music is capable of, just like in opera...” —Jonas Kaufmann The word “album” in the text means a group of songs or pieces of music on a CD． The underlined part means the rich feelings that Italian music is able to express. 1．The songs on this album are sung in ________. A．Russian B．French C．English D．Italian 2．From Kaufmann’s words, we can know ________. A．how much Italians love music B．how he created his music C．his experience of learning music D．his advice on making music 3．Which of the following would Kaufmann most probably agree according to the text? A．Music is a tool to learn a language. B．Music can work as the key to the door of art. C．Music is the most beautiful art form. D．Music can make people less lonely. Chemistry is usually thought to be more difficult than other subjects, at least for the beginners. There are some reasons for this idea. For one thing, chemistry has a very specialized vocabulary（学科专用语汇）. At first, studying chemistry is like learning a new language. Also, some concepts（概念）of chemistry are hard to understand. However, with hard work and careful study, you can finish this subject successfully— and even enjoy it. Here are some suggestions to help you develop good study habits and better understand the topics in the book: ●Firstly, attend classes on time. Listen to your teacher and take careful notes in class. If possible, always review the topics you learn in class, and review your notes on the same day. ●Secondly, think carefully whether you really understand the meaning of a term or the use of an equation（方程式）. A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else. ●Thirdly, pay attention to things which have something to do with chemistry in life. Watch or do experiments in class carefully. ●Fourthly, question often and do not be afraid to ask your teacher or classmates for help. You will find that chemistry is much more than numbers, formulas（分子式）and equations. It’s often used in daily life just like math and physics. Once you fall in love with it, you’ll get lots of fun. 1．How many suggestions does the writer give the readers? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．The writer thinks that a good way to test your understanding of the formula “H2CO3” is to ________. A．write it on the blackboard B．read it aloud in class C．explain it to someone else D．ask others the meaning of it 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Chemistry is more often used than physics. B．Some concepts of chemistry are hard to understand. C．Studying chemistry is like learning our mother language. D．Chemistry is usually thought to be as difficult as other subjects. 4．The passage is mainly about ________. A．differences between chemistry and physics B．the importance of chemistry and physics C．why chemistry is hard for beginners D．how students study chemistry 【热点话题练习】 The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics has been given to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton! They helped make computers learn better. John J. Hopfield was born in Chicago, USA, in 1933. Geoffrey E. Hinton was born in London, UK, in 1947. They have been friends and worked together on neural networks (神经网络) since the 1980s. Neural networks are like brains for computers. They help computers learn and do things like recognizing pictures. Hopfield made a special kind of memory for computers. It’s like a photo album where computers can store and look at pictures and other things. Hinton found a way for computers to learn from data. Their work has made machine learning, which is when computers learn to do things without being told, much better and faster. The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry goes to three amazing scientists: David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John M. Jumper! They won for their work on making and understanding proteins (蛋白质). David Baker is from the University of Washington in the USA．He is like a cook who makes new and tasty dishes but with proteins instead of food! Demis Hassabis works at DeepMind, a smart company in London, UK. He is like a detective (侦探) who finds out how things work. John M. Jumper is also from the USA．He is like an artist who makes beautiful and useful things with proteins. Proteins are very important for life. They are like the building blocks of our bodies. Without their hard work, common people could hardly understand how to make new proteins and what these scientists have done. Their work has helped us make better medicines, foods, and even new materials. 1．What’s the main achievement of John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton? A．Developing new computer games. B．Improving computers’ learning abilities. C．Inventing a new kind of computer. D．Discovering a way to communicate with computers directly. 2．Which of the following statements about proteins is TRUE? A．Proteins play an unimportant role for life. B．Proteins serve as building blocks of our bodies. C．Proteins can be easily created and understood. D．Understanding proteins can hardly help in making medicines and foods. 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of the Nobel Prize. B．The development of neural networks. C．The introduction of proteins. D．The Nobel Prize winners in 2024. The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month and is also called the Double Ninth Festival. In China, nine has the similar pronunciation with the word “forever”, meaning long life. So the Chinese government set the day as the Seniors’ Day in 1989. The festival has a history of over 2,000 years. During the Warring States Period (战国时期), there was the Chongyang Festival. The name of the Chongyang Festival first appeared in the Three Kingdoms Period. During the Jin Dynasty, there were customs of enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine on the day. It was not officially (正式地) set as a festival until the Tang Dynasty. Since then, people have spent the festival with all kinds of activities. As September has the clear sky and fresh air, it is a very good time to climb the mountain. Since the Western Han Dynasty, it has been the custom of climbing on the Chongyang Festival. On the day, enjoying chrysanthemums is very popular as the flower means long life. Drinking chrysanthemum wine is regarded as a way to prevent bad things and stay warm. Inserting (插) Zhuyu and sticking chrysanthemums are also traditions to avoid bad things. 1．What does the writer mainly talk about in Paragraph 2? A．The history of the Chongyang Festival. B．The different names of the Chongyang Festival. C．The food people eat during the Chongyang Festival. D．The importance of the Chongyang Festival in different dynasties 2．When did people start the custom of climbing on the Chongyang Festival? A．During the Warring States Period. B．During the Western Han Dynasty. C．During the Tang Dynasty. D．During the Ming Dynasty. 3．Which question can help readers know the main idea of the text? A．How do people in other countries celebrate similar festivals? B．When did the Chinese government set the day as the Seniors’ Day? C．Why is the Chongyang Festival called the Double Ninth Festival? D．What are the traditions and customs of the Chongyang Festival? In 2025, the northern China has seen much more rain than usual. As we all know, the rain in Xi’an has lasted for over 40 days. Moss and mushrooms even appeared on the City Wall. This situation results from two main reasons: unusual atmospheric circulation (大气环流) and global warming. One direct reason is the unusual Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH, 西太平洋副热带高压). Normally, it moves north to North China in late July, but this year it arrived half a month earlier. It brought warm and wet air from the South China Sea to northern areas. At the same time, cold air moved south. The two kinds of air met. Then the rain came. Global warming also plays a key role. As temperatures rise quickly, the atmosphere can hold 7% more water vapor (水汽) for every 1°C increase. This has increased the number of heavy rain days. Faced with the continuous rainfall, people get less sunlight, and a large number of people feel down and tired. They may also lose interest in everyday activities. What's more, they feel like sleeping a lot and find it hard to get up in the morning. Focusing on study in class is a challenge for students. According to the UK National Health Service (NHS), not getting enough sunlight could make our brain not work well. And then makes people feel blue. So what can we do to deal with the problem and make us energetic? There are many choices for us. We can choose to exercise indoors. We can also use special lamps at home to simulate sunlight. 1．Why does the author mention the moss and mushrooms in paragraph 1? A．to introduce two plants to readers B．to lead into the topic of the City Wall in Xi'an C．to show the influence of the continuous rainfall D．to explain the formation of rain 2．According to Paragraph 2, which picture can best describe how the rain formed in Shaanxi? A． B． C． D． 3．What will be probably talked about next? A．Why students feel sleepy in class. B．When is the best time to enjoy sunlight. C．How different the climate is between the south and north China. D．What other ways we have to make us energetic. Tea is not strange to us Chinese. But how much do you know about tea sets? Do you know they have changed a lot over time? Tea sets became smaller and simpler after many changes in history. There are few records of tea sets before the Tang Dynasty. In Cha Jing, a great book written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, 28 kinds of tools used for making and drinking tea are included. The tea sets in the Song Dynasty were more nice-looking. At that time, a game about tea drinking enjoyed great popularity. The teapot used in the game often had a big belly, a long neck and a mouth that was not straight! The mouth could help the water more freely while filling a cup. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea sets became simple, and those made of gold and silver slowly disappeared. To test the color of tea, white tea sets were more popular. In the Qing Dynasty, professional tea sets made in Yixing, Jiangsu began to flourish and were much-loved. It’s said that tea made with Yixing purple clay tea sets still tastes good after being kept in the teapot for one night even in hot summer. 1．The writer starts the passage by________. A．showing facts B．raising questions C．giving examples D．telling stories 2．Which teapot may people in the Song Dynasty use in tea drinking game? A． B． C． D． 3．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “flourish”? flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ v. ① to develop quickly and be successful ② to be healthy and happy ③ to wave something around in a way that makes people look at it ④ to grow well A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Tea Sets with Different Materials B．Good Tea Sets Make Good Tea C．The Development of Tea Sets D．The Popularity of Tea Sets Scientists pride themselves on being able to predict what will happen in the future. However, even with the most powerful (强大的) computers, they still can’t predict the weather more than a few days ahead—why is that? According to a scientific idea from the 1960s, some things, like the weather, are too hard to predict perfectly. This is because even very small differences at the start can lead to big and unexpected changes later. This idea is called the butterfly effect (蝴蝶效应). It was first explained by a math expert named Edward Lorenz. He said it was like a butterfly flapped its wings (振翅) in Brazil and caused a big storm in Texas, US. It may seem silly to think that one small insect would cause a huge storm thousands of miles away. But what if the beat of wings could change the air? This could influence the temperature and the conditions for a storm to gather. Finally, there might be a huge storm. Could someone who saw the butterfly flapping have predicted the storm? Lorenz’s theory says no. Even with all available data (可获得的数据), systems like the weather are too sensitive to small changes for us to be certain about how they will develop. The butterfly effect is an important idea in chaos theory. It helps us design airplane wings, make safe computer systems, and even predict traffic jams. So, next time you see a butterfly flapping, just think: could it cause a big storm somewhere far away? The word “sensitive” means being easily influenced by something. 1．Who first explained the butterfly effect? A．A weather scientist. B．A math expert. C．A computer engineer. D．A geography teacher. 2．The following examples are the butterfly effect EXCEPT ______. A．a student worked very hard and made great progress B．a tiny hole in a ship made it go below the surface of the sea C．a small finding led to a huge scientific breakthrough D．a small match caused a huge wildfire in the forest 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Scientists can predict the weather more than a week ahead now. B．The butterfly effect is a scientific idea from the 1990s. C．The weather system is sensitive to small changes. D．The butterfly effect has no use in our daily life. To get a better idea of how far bees usually travel, researchers at Penn State worked to develop a way to follow bees. Researchers worked with engineers to create “AprilTags”, which are similar to QR codes (二维码). These codes are easy for cameras to find and read, even when the light isn’t good. They are smaller than a coin, and can be stuck on the back of bees without causing any harm. However, it was a demanding task to stick thousands of “AprilTags”. The researchers mainly studied young bees. They tagged (贴标签) 600 of them every two weeks. Over the spring and summer, the researchers tagged over 32,000 bees spread across six different hives (蜂箱). By putting a camera powered by the sun and a tiny computer above the door to each hive, the researchers could follow the tagged bees. The new system gave the researchers a lot of information about the bees’ flying. They found that most trips outside the hive took between one and four minutes. They thought these short trips were used for quick jobs. But about 34% of the bees took trips that lasted longer than two hours. The researchers said this could show that the bees were making longer trips to collect food. They noticed that the bees spent more time out collecting food when there were fewer flowers around. Researchers know that bees use a special “dance” to communicate with each other about where to collect food. Now they want to see how their new findings match up with the special dance. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How to stick small codes on bees safely. B．The features and advantages of “AprilTags”. C．How QR codes help cameras read information. D．The cost of producing “AprilTags” for bee studies. 2．The underlined word “demanding” in the third paragraph probably means “________”. A．relaxing B．small C．personal D．difficult 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Young bees were chosen because they are easier to train. B．More than half of the bee trips lasted longer than two hours. C．Bees change their flying time according to the environment. D．The camera system used to protect the bees. Do you get tired when climbing mountains? A special robot now can help you. At Mount Tai in Shandong Province, tourists can try exoskeleton robots. These amazing robots help them climb Mount Tai much more easily and quickly. The exoskeleton robot is light and weighs only 1.8 kg. Tourists can carry it easily. When they start climbing, they can wear it around the waist (腰部) and the top part of each leg. With the help of AI, the robot senses the wearer’s movement. Every time they take a step, it helps to lift their legs so they won’t feel tired when climbing. Li Chengde, a 68-year-old tourist from Jinan, tried the robot when he climbed Mount Tai. “It worked really well. Once I put it on, my legs didn’t hurt anymore. It felt like someone was pulling me up the mountain,” he said. A worker at Mount Tai said the exoskeleton robots could help older tourists experience the mountain’s beauty firsthand. “Some old people want to see the sights along the way, but sitting in cable cars (缆车) makes it hard for them to enjoy the full scenery. With the help of these robots, they can truly experience the joy of climbing,” he added. Some young people are also interested in such exoskeleton robots, but the old need them more as there are millions of old people in our country. By the end of 2024, the population aged 60 and above in China was 310 million. This number is still growing. To better serve the old people’s needs, there will be more lightweight exoskeleton robots to help them with walking, running and climbing. 1．In what way is the exoskeleton robot special? A．It helps tourists stay in good health. B．It makes climbing easier and faster. C．It tells tourists more about Mount Tai. D．It keeps tourists safe during the climb. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How the exoskeleton robot looks. B．How the exoskeleton robot gets popular. C．How tourists wear the exoskeleton robot. D．How the exoskeleton robot helps tourists. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Old tourists like cable cars better. B．Exoskeleton robots are too heavy. C．Young people like the robots more. D．Old people may use the robots most. Walking around the city, you will see girls wearing hanfu or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters in the streets. A new trend (潮流) is getting popular in China. It’s guochao or China-Chic. Guochao adds traditional Chinese culture into products, and it shows the rise of China’s native fashion. Guochao got people’s attention in 2018. Before that, the market was controlled by foreign companies. There were few Chinese brands. To win the market share, many Chinese brands followed the footsteps of these Western brands. In 2018, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning made changes to the situation. It introduced its Wu Dao collection to the world. The collection not only looked fashionable, but also included elements (元素) of traditional Chinese culture. It quickly caught people’s attention at home and abroad. And it created amazing sales. Later, many Chinese brands, from food, drinks and clothing to mobile phones and cars, started to add Chinese culture into their products. These brands got what they wanted. Young people gradually converted their attention from Western culture to guochao. They accepted it with pleasure. What’s more, they started to develop interest in traditional Chinese art and literature. Now they wear traditional clothes, practice Chinese calligraphy (书法) and play Chinese musical instruments. At the same time, people of different ages start to choose products “made in China”. According to a survey, 68% Chinese people prefer Chinese brands. Among them, 62% say they are open to international brands, but Chinese brands remain the first choice. 1．How does the writer introduce guochao in Paragraph 1? A．By listing a fact. B．By telling a story. C．By asking a question. D．By making a comparison. 2．From Paragraph 2, we can learn that Chinese brand Li-Ning ________. A．increased the world market share before 2018 B．always followed the footsteps of foreign brands C．started the trend of guochao around the world D．lowered the price of its sportswear with Chinese elements 3．The underlined word “converted” in Paragraph3 means “________”. A．started B．developed C．changed D．improved 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Development of Li-Ning B．Young People’s Love for Chinese Brands C．The Advantages of Chinese Brands D．Guochao, A New Fashion Trend Have you eaten a “China burger” yet? In recent years, “China Burger” fast food restaurants have opened and become more and more popular. Although they go by different names, like Tastien and Ranxiong, they are like McDonald’s, KFC or Burger King, but more Chinese. I wanted to try something special from Tastien. So a few days ago I got a Peking duck burger with a drink. When I got my food, I loved the packaging (包装). The paper bag and boxes came in red, white and blue colors. They also had the words “Made in China” on them. The burger is pretty good. It has the Peking duck meat with some cucumber, lettuce and plum sauce. I really like their freshly made bread. It’s better than the bread from other brands. Although the Chinese bread used was not perfect, the China Burger gave people a more Chinese taste. It opened the door for me to try more different burgers. I’d still like to eat more from this and other China Burger restaurants in the future. Tastien started selling burgers in 2017, and since then it has grown fast. With its slogan (标语) of “Chinese stomachs love Chinese burgers,” Tastien now has over 5,400 stores, making it the fourth-largest burger chain in China. A Tastien customer spends just 19 yuan for every meal, far less than that spent at McDonald’s and KFC． And these “Chinese burgers” are often on sale for as little as 7 yuan. The popularity is also connected to growing national pride among Chinese consumers (消费者). Chinese products are getting more fans and young Chinese consumers think “Made in China” is not bad at all. 1．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT right about the food from Tastien? A．The paper bag and boxes are in red, white, and blue. B．There aren’t any words on the packaging. C．You can have Peking duck meat in the burger. D．The bread is freshly made. 2．In Paragraph 4, the writer mentions McDonald’s and KFC to show ________. A．food from Tastien is very cheap B．Tastien is more popular than them C．the burger from Tastien tastes much better D．food from Tastien is always on sale 3．What can we infer (推判) from the passage? A．The writer would like to try food from Ranxiong in the future. B．Only Chinese burgers are popular among Chinese customers. C．Tastien will be the largest burger chain in China. D．Most young people don’t think Chinese products are good. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Less Junk Food, A Healthier Life B．Burgers: A Cheaper Choice C．Chinese Stomachs Love Chinese Burgers D．Chinese Food Is the Best Welcome to Amazing China. We’ll continue our series on the 24 solar terms (节气). Our topic for today is Cold Dew (Hanlu). As the 17th solar term in the 24 solar terms of the Chinese lunar calendar, Cold Dew usually comes around October 8th or 9th. It marks an important change in the weather: temperatures drop further compared to White Dew, and the dew on the grass and leaves becomes colder. For ancient Chinese farmers, Cold Dew was an important time for farm work. Crops like late rice and corn needed to be harvested (收割) on time because of the colder and colder nights. At the same time, fruit trees became ripe* during this time, and their bright colors turned the countryside into a warm picture. Cold Dew also has rich cultural meanings. One traditional custom is climbing mountains. People believe that climbing high places during this time can help dispel bad luck and make their bodies stronger. Besides, drinking chrysanthemum wine is popular. Because drinking it is good for health and keeps colds away. These traditions show how Chinese people respected nature and lived in harmony with it. Today, many young people do not know much about the 24 solar terms. However, these terms are an important part of Chinese culture. They carry the wisdom of our ancestors (祖先) and help us understand the changing seasons. By learning about Cold Dew and other solar terms, we can keep this valuable tradition alive. *The word “ripe” means fruit or grain is fully grown and ready to eat. 1．Compared with White Dew, which picture shows the temperature change of Cold Dew? A． B． C． D． 2．Why was Cold Dew important for ancient farmers? A．Because it was the best time for farmers to plant new crops. B．Because it allowed farmers to have a break from farm work. C．Because it meant some of the crops began their harvest season. D．Because it meant more rain so farmers didn’t have to water crops. 3．The underlined word “dispel” in Paragraph 3 means “________”. A．drive away B．bring back C．give up D．take place 4．What is the main purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To introduce different kinds of activities of Cold Dew. B．To ask more people to watch Amazing China. C．To explain the cultural meanings of Cold Dew. D．To call on more people to pay attention to our culture. Now, as living standards get better, obesity (肥胖症) has become a new problem in China. It can cause health problems like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart disease. To fight obesity and improve public health, the government started a “Weight Management Year” activity from 2025 to 2027. The goal is to help people live a healthier life. Here are China’s guidelines for treating obesity. First, it is important for people to know their Body Mass Index (BMI) (体重指数). A healthy adult’s BMI should be between 18.5 and 24. If it is between 24 and 28, he is overweight and if it is 28 or higher, he is considered obese. Next, eating a balanced diet and exercising matters. Instead of eating fried foods and sugary snacks, try healthy foods like brown rice, fresh vegetables, fish, chicken, or beans. Also, remember not to eat too much salt and oil. After the meal, you can take a walk for at least 30 minutes. Experts suggest doing activities like walking, cycling, or dancing for 150 to 300 minutes each week. If you sit for a long time studying, stand up and stretch (伸展) for 3 to 5 minutes every hour. What’s more, schools and communities are helping. Many schools now make sure students get at least two hours of exercise every day. Hospitals have set up “weight treatment centers” that offer diet plans, exercise tips, and even traditional Chinese methods. Weight management is not about being perfect. Even small change, like drinking water instead of soda or taking the stairs, can help us build a healthier future. 1．Why did China start the program of “Weight Management Year”? A．To change people’s unhealthy eating habits. B．To meet most people’s needs of losing weight. C．To help people fight obesity and improve public health. D．To catch people’s attention to teenagers’ health problems. 2．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By explaining reasons. B．By asking questions. C．By telling a story. D．By listing numbers. 3．Which is healthier than the other three according to the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．Which paragraph shows schools’ and communities’ efforts? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. “I don’t like my parents. They always tell me I should do this, and should not do that. It sometimes makes me angry,” said Zhang Hua, a middle school student in Guangzhou. Do you have the same problem? Perhaps your parents had the same problem when they were at your age long ago. Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their children’s eyes? One of the biggest problems is when someone becomes a parent, he or she likes worrying about things. They worry about everything about you from the time you were born. They do a lot for you though something would make you angry, because they care about you and worry about you. They worry about your choice of friends, food you eat, your work at school, how much sleep you get, etc. All these things are part of your life. They want you to grow up healthily and happily. So how can you make things easier on your own? It’s easier than you think. Just make sure your parents know what you’re doing. Get them to know your friends. Phone them if you stay somewhere late so that your parents won’t call everyone you know to look for you. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility (责任) for what you have done. Talk about your ideas with them. They may talk about theirs with you. Most of all, try to think about why your parents do this or do that. They are still practicing being parents and need help. Some day, when you become a parent, they may be able to help you know how to get on with your children. 1．The writer thinks one of the biggest problems for parents is to ________. A．hate their children B．hate themselves C．worry about themselves D．worry about everything about their children 2．All the things that parents do are to ________. A．make their children angry B．make their children smart C．want their children to grow up healthily and happily D．want their children to love them 3．The writer thinks we should ________ if we go back home later than usual. A．tell our friends B．tell the teacher C．make a telephone call to our parents D．tell our classmates 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Parents’ Responsibility B．How to Get on with Others C．Zhang Hua’s Problem D．How to Get on with Parents 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $