题型05 阅读理解之说明文15篇（辽宁专用）（中考典例+习题综合练习）-2026年中考英语总复习（辽宁专用）

题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (辽宁专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 较易 科普知识,方法/策略,说明文 2 较易 植物,说明文 3 较易 发明与创造,说明文 4 较易 发明与创造,说明文 5 适中 科普知识,身体部位,说明文 6 适中 发明与创造,环境保护,说明文 7 较难 方法/策略,科学技术,说明文 8 较易 环境保护,说明文 9 较易 中华文化,说明文 10 适中 守则,说明文 11 适中 科普知识,身体部位,说明文 12 适中 航天与航空,科学技术,说明文 13 较易 天体与宇宙,说明文 14 适中 合作与交流,科普知识,说明文 15 适中 科普知识,颜色,说明文 【中考真题】 We have many ways to get close to nature, such as dancing in the rain, stepping on fallen leaves or digging in the soil, but my favourite is walking barefoot (赤脚). Walking barefoot can be enjoyable and helpful. It can help us sleep better and feel rested in mind and body. It can also build our foot muscles (肌肉) and improve our balance. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, walking barefoot can be good for our health. When you want to try walking barefoot, there’s no need to hurry. At first, walking barefoot for 10 minutes can be fine. After that, add 5 minutes every day until you can walk for 20 to 30 minutes. If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time. Walking barefoot, however, isn’t always safe. People with health problems like flat feet or back pain should avoid this practice. What’s more, walking barefoot in cold or wet environments might cause health problems. To make walking barefoot safe, remember the following points: ·Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand. ·Stay away from things like rocks or broken glass. ·Keep shoes at hand if you worry that your feet will get too sore. ·Listen to your body—stop if you feel pain or discomfort. Walking barefoot is a great way to feel connected with nature, but it’s important to stay safe and consider your own health condition. 1．Which of the following is the writer’s favourite way to get close to nature? A．Dancing in the rain. B．Stepping on fallen leaves. C．Digging in the soil. D．Walking without shoes on. 2．What does the underlined word “curtail” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Tell. B．Make. C．Value. D．Reduce. 3．According to the text, remember to ________ when you are walking barefoot. A．try a cold surface B．practice on hard rocks C．find a safe place D．walk in wet environments 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The introduction to health problems. B．The suggestions on outdoor activities. C．The information about walking barefoot. D．The effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We’re plants. Give us your care and we will bring joy to you. Please take us home, will you? PLANTS Get to know us Flowers We bring bright colors! Houseplants We are green and light up rooms! Succulents (多肉植物) We don’t need much care! Vegetables How about home-grown food? Give us a home We can live in a pot. It can be put near a window, by a sofa or under a tree. Placing us on a wall will bring you much fun. We love it, too. Care for us Spring We may need fertilizers (化肥). Summer We hate harmful insects. Autumn We need less water. Winter Give us a larger home if necessary. 1．According to the text, ________ don’t need much care. A．flowers B．houseplants C．succulents D．vegetables 2．It’s fun to put a pot of plants ________. A．on a wall B．by a sofa C．near a window D．under a tree 3．Plants need to be protected from harmful insects, especially in ________. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 4．Which part of a magazine is the text most probably taken from? A．Art. B．Life. C．Sports. D．History. 【热点话题练习】 Getting it just right Pull-ups (引体向上) are one of the most common exercises. But they’re hard to do in the right way. Recently, three junior middle school students from Beijing made a monitor (监测器) to help people do pull-ups better. They won the first prize for their work in the 44th Beijing Youth Science Creation Competition in March. The three are from different schools in Beijing. Their shared interest in programming (编程) brought them together in a class at a science museum.“Each of us was good at different parts of programming, so we decided to take part in the competition as a team,” said 13-year-old Zhang Luotu, the team leader. “Many classmates were doing pull-ups in the wrong way without realizing they could get hurt,” said Zhang.“So we made this to help.” The monitor has two parts—two small sensors (传感器) and a pair of gloves. First, users put the sensors on their arms. While doing pull-ups, the sensors measure (测量) the electrical signals from each arm. The monitor then checks if the numbers match. If not, the gloves shine a red light. This can help people know they do pull-ups in the wrong way. “Pull-ups are a common PE test in many places, but we think they should be more than that,” Zhang said.“They are a great exercise and we should try to do them in the right way.” 1．What did the three students make to win the first prize in the competition? A．A monitor.     B．A web page. C．A robot. D．A PE exercise. 2．According to Zhang Luotu, why did they decide to work as a team? A．Because they all went to the same school. B．Because their teacher asked them to work together. C．Because they had the same interests in both study and life. D．Because each of them was good at different parts of programming. 3．What does the pull-up monitor do to show that people do pull-ups in the wrong way? A．It makes a loud sound. B．The gloves shine a red light. C．It stops working immediately. D．The sensors send messages to teachers. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Ways to do pull-ups correctly. B．The importance of pull-ups in PE tests. C．Three students’ invention that can help with pull-ups. D．The benefits of the science creation competitions for young people. On October 21st, 2024, a robot dog became a star at Mount Taishan. It carried a heavy bag on its back as it climbed the mountain’s stone steps, along the way, it used a clear voice to remind tourists to throw trash into bins and protect the mountain’s natural environment. Many visitors stopped to take photos of this hard-working “little helper”, catching many visitors’ eyes. Robots are no longer just objects in labs or exhibitions—they are stepping into people’s daily lives. As early as the autumn of 2023, two robot dogs named X30 were put to use at Zhejiang University. They helped students carry heavy school bags, easily walked through crowded campuses, and smoothly climbed up and down the stairs (楼梯) of teaching buildings, saving students a lot of trouble. The robot dogs were named X30. They have been used in many areas. They can work in freezing weather conditions. They can also work in bright light, weak light and even complete darkness, with a reach of 10 km. In recent years, the rapid growth of China’s robotics industry (机器人产业) has led to the use of robots in different areas. For example, the humanoid robots (人形机器人) are increasingly used in many industries, such as cars, computers and communications. In the car factories, humanoid robots finish tasks done only by humans. With the development of science and technology, robot products will be deeply used in the real economy (经济) in China by 2027. They will play bigger roles in more areas, from daily life to industrial production. The robot industry will have a bright future. 1．What did the robot dog do on Mount Taishan? A．It carried a heavy bag and cooked food for visitors. B．It carried a heavy bag and helped clean Mount Taishan. C．It carried a heavy bag and sold cheap water to the visitors. D．It carried a heavy bag and reminded visitors to protect the environment. 2．What can the X30 robot dogs probably be used for according to Paragraph 3? A．Helping people cook meals. B．Producing things in the factories. C．Making video calls with the elderly. D．Searching for people in dark places. 3．In which industries are humanoid robots increasingly used according to the passage? ①Cars. ②Fishing. ③Computers. ④Communications. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Good Helper for the Elderly B．Humanoid Robots’ Importance C．Robot Dogs and Their Advantages D．Robots’ Uses and Development in China Do you know the five main senses (感官) we have? They are touch, taste, sight, smell and hearing. They are controlled by different parts of our brains. Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it. Brains are also life-saving heroes. Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react (作出反应) to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Some scientists believe that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors (祖先) were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives. Here is more about brains. Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing. Scientists think this happens when different senses intermingle (相互交织). Another fact is that temperature sometimes influences our senses. Some people can feel storms coming through knee pain (疼). So we often joke that we’re “human weather apps”. Also, our brains are able to make adjustment (调整) to some senses. If someone can’t see well, his hearing or touch might become stronger. Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey. 1．What do the two examples in the first paragraph show? A．Human brains are different. B．Brains help our bodies work well. C．People have many living habits. D．Humans can touch their noses easily. 2．Which of the following animals is probably a “predator”? A．A tiger. B．A giraffe. C．A butterfly. D．A rabbit. 3．According to Paragraph 3, what might happen if your senses mix? A．You can tie your shoes without looking. B．You taste sweetness when seeing an apple. C．You jump when someone shouts suddenly. D．You feel pain in your knees before the rain comes. 4．What is the writing purpose (目的) of the last paragraph? A．To encourage brain studies. B．To improve people’s memory. C．To show the importance of brains. D．To admire the scientists’ research. Unlike what you may imagine, taking good care of a plant can be difficult, especially when it comes to how to water a plant. Many people are not sure how often or how much they need to water their plants. Even some farmers may have the same problem. Luckily, a new technology called GrowStream can help them “talk” to their plants. GrowStream is a watering system (系统). Its tubes (管子) have special tiny holes in them. When plants need water, they will release (分泌) chemicals (化学物质). When the holes detect these chemicals, they will open. The plants then get water from these holes. As the plants “drink” enough water, they stop releasing these chemicals. And that “tells” the holes to close back up and stop watering. This system can help save 45 to 50 percent more water than common watering systems. It was created by a company called RDI. The company has brought the GrowStream system to many farms in South Africa. It is also testing the system in the US. It will be used to make the city greener while saving more water. “GrowStream is more than just a technology,” said Jan Gould, CEO of RDI. “We want it to ‘talk’ to people, too. It ‘says’ two things: The earth’s natural resources (资源) are not so much, and we should take better care of the planet through new technology.” 1．Why is it difficult to water a plant? A．Plants need too much water. B．Watering a plant takes too much time. C．It is hard to tell whether the plant needs water. D．Some farmers don’t teach you how to water a plant. 2．What does the underlined word “detect” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Discover. B．Lose. C．Create. D．Change. 3．What is the main advantage (优点) of this system? A．Saving time. B．Easy to use. C．Saving water. D．Cheap to buy. 4．What does Jan Gould mean by saying the words? A．The earth is heavily polluted. B．People can talk with GrowStream. C．We have to find more natural resources. D．New technology can help save natural resources. Today, we often see pictures created with the help of an AI tool on social media. It seems that these pictures are real ones. Siwei Lyu, a computer scientist from America, offers some tips about how to find out whether a picture online is AI-created or not. The first step is to slow down. On social media, it only takes us 13 milliseconds (毫秒) to process a picture. That may be enough to notice what it is, but not enough to think about whether it’s real or not. “Next time we see something interesting or funny, take more time to look and think about it.” Lyu says. Secondly, AI programs are trained to create pictures by looking at a large number of real ones. These programs only know what they’ve been given. They don’t know what details (细节) to pay attention to. This results in problems that are easy to find through careful checks. If there is a person in a picture, Lyu suggests looking at their hands and eyes. Today’s AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands. They may have six fingers, or fingers that are in the same length or look strange. And why the eyes? Humans almost always have circular pupils (圆形瞳孔), but AI often produces strangely shaped shadows in the center of eyes. Light reflecting off (反射) the eyes should also be in the same place on each eye. It’s something that today’s AI tools are still trying to work out. Thirdly, many AI-created pictures also have unnatural smoothness (平滑度) where there should be textures (纹理). Things that should be straight may be curved (弯曲的). You can start looking out for AI-created pictures today. Check first before you believe anything you see! 1．How many tips does the writer introduce to us in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Why does Lyu suggest looking at hands and eyes of a person in a picture? A．Everyone’s eyes and hands are different. B．AI-created pictures always have unnatural smoothness. C．AI programs are not able to create lifelike hands and eyes. D．Light reflecting off the eyes is in the same place. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．AI-created pictures still have challenging problems for AI to solve. B．AI clearly knows what it should pay attention to when creating pictures C．AI-created pictures can’t have natural smoothness without special training. D．AI can’t create pictures unless they look at a large number of real ones. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Some AI-created pictures. B．Some useful tips. C．Some social media. D．Some research. Bird migration (迁徙) is one of nature’s most amazing things. Every year, millions of birds fly thousands of kilometres between their home areas and winter places. Why do birds take such long and dangerous journeys? The reasons are food and weather. In cold seasons, food becomes difficult to find, and birds move to warmer places to find enough insects or plants to eat. Scientists studied how birds travel for a long time. In the past, scientists used small metal rings (金属环) to record where birds go. Today, scientists use GPS to help them. They found that birds use different ways to find their directions, like looking at the sun and stars, and remembering mountains and rivers to help them know their ways. Migration is arduous. Birds face many dangers, such as storms, enemies (天敌), and tall buildings. To prepare for the trip, they eat more food to store energy. During the journey, birds fly in groups to save energy by following the first bird. Bird migration is important to ecosystems. For example, some birds help flowers grow through pollination (授粉). However, climate change and human activities are making migration harder. Scientists say that some birds may change their ways or even disappear if we don’t protect their rest areas. By building bird-friendly cities and using less light at night, humans can help these amazing travelers. 1．What’s the reason for bird migration? A．To save energy during trips. B．To see rivers and mountains. C．To find food and better weather. D．To protect themselves from enemies. 2．How does the writer tell how birds find directions in Paragraph 2? A．By comparing different kinds of birds. B．By describing tools birds use to find directions. C．By listing numbers in a scientist’s study. D．By telling the result of climate change. 3．What does the underlined word “arduous” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Difficult. B．Exciting. C．Helpful. D．Boring. 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To tell the history of scientific tools. B．To encourage people to feed birds in cities. C．To show how to build bird-friendly gardens. D．To describe a natural event and its importance. “Made in China” is having its moment now—and it’s a fashionable one. The story of Chinese fashion began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, the two Chinese sports shoe brands, suddenly got international attention. Their products were seen all over the world. A famous Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September, 2018. They showed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters. Shaun Rein, managing director of China Market Research Group, said that the latest Chinese brands no longer catch customers’ eye by low price. He told CNN, “They are sure that they can go head to head with foreign brands.” Maybe it is because China’s young people are now more confident about their own culture. They don’t show immediate interest in Western culture any more. “Today’s young people in China are crazy about Chinese cultural elements (元素),” Jin Qu, the manager of a clothing shopping website, said at a cultural festival in 2018. “They like these elements printed on their clothes, even the brand picture of Laoganma in China, which was once seen as outside of fashion. But now young people are proud of these Chinese symbols.” In fact, many stars in the West now are interested in Chinese cultural elements in fashion. Rihanna, a US singer, for example, wore a Chinese red dress to the 2015 Met Gala in New York. The dress was designed and made by Chinese designer Guo Pei. “We have to move from making to creating,” Chinese-American designer Aric Chen once told The New York Times. “We want to replace the words ‘Made in China’ with ‘Designed in China’.” 1．The new designs of a famous Chinese sportswear brand in September, 2018 were ________. A．coats and scarves in Chinese red B．sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters C．coats and scarves with American symbols D．sweaters and jackets with English words 2．The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refers to “________”. A．today’s young people in China B．the workers in Jin Qu’s shop C．some famous stars in the West D．directors of some Chinese companies 3．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Chinese Clothes Brands B．Sports in China C．Chinese Cultural Festival D．Designed in China 4．The passage above may be taken from a(n) ________. A．novel B．guidebook C．newspaper D．ad When you want to ask your teacher a question during the class, what do you do? Do you simply shout out your question as soon as it enters your mind? Or do you raise your hand and wait until the teacher calls your name? If you politely raise your hand first, it’s probably because your teacher has a rule of what you are allowed to do when you have a question. Can you imagine what it would be like if everyone could simply talk whenever they wanted during class? Do you think learning would take place? Instead of a peaceful learning environment, a classroom without rules would be chaotic! When you learn to drive, you’ll realize how many rules you have to follow. You can’t go as fast as you want at any time in any place. You can’t park your car wherever you want. You’re not even allowed to drive a car if you are under 18 years old. The rules for driving share a common purpose (目的) with many rules you must follow in your daily life to keep you safe. As the saying goes, “No rules, no standards.” If you make a list of the rules you follow each day, you will quickly realize how many of them can keep you safe and make your life more enjoyable as a result. Although sometimes a rule is not fair, don’t break it. Instead, decide what you can do to try to change the rule. Working within the rules to change the rules is what you need to do. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking some questions. B．By listing some numbers. C．By providing some materials. D．By sharing an idea. 2．What does the underlined word “chaotic” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Quiet. B．Crowded. C．Active. D．Messy. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean in Chinese? A．不以规矩，不能成方圆。 B．吃一堑，长一智。 C．不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 D．言无二贵，法不两适。 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to make fair rules. B．How students should act in school. C．Why society needs rules. D．What changes you can make to rules. No one is born with skills like surfing, skateboarding or standing on their tiptoes. Humans have no balance at birth—they can’t walk or stand. Before that can happen, their body must develop. This takes months, and for some activities, even years. You might have noticed some people are great at keeping balance. But they weren’t born with this ability. Instead, it took practice. The more you practice, the better you become. Though some people are naturally skillful at it. Experts say good balance depends on information the brain receives from several body parts. These include the inner ear, eyes, muscles (肌肉), bones and joints (关节). The inner ear plays a major role in balance. The part controlling balance is the vestibular (前庭的) system with five different organs (器官). Inside these organs, there is fluid (液体). When our body and head move, the fluid sends signals (信号) to the brain, which in turn helps us know our position and stay balanced. When the vestibular system fails, we may feel dizzy (眩晕的) and fall. Eyesight also matters for balance. We need a clear sense of our surroundings (环境) to stay on our feet. If you doubt this, try standing on one foot with your eyes closed. When someone has eyesight problems, their ability to judge distances and depth can lead to loss of balance. Nerves in muscles and joints tell the brain about changes. When you step on ice, the brain quickly sends reaction instructions. If our muscles and joints are weak or slow, we are more likely to fall. Failure in any one of these three systems may result in balance problems. But when one system is affected, the other two can be trained to make up for it. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Riding skateboards. B．Standing on tiptoes. C．Keeping balance. D．Taking practice. 2．What’s the function (功能) of the inner ear in balance? A．To improve eyesight. B．To control body temperature. C．To strengthen muscles and joints. D．To send signals about balance to the brain. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Head plays a key role in keeping balance. B．The balance skills are naturally born in humans. C．Stepping on ice can cause people to think slowly. D．The other systems will improve balance if one doesn’t work. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The secrets of Balance B．The Changes of Brain C．The Problems of Eyesight D．The Importance of Muscles ①So far, humans have landed on the moon six times. If humans want to stay on the moon for long in the future, there will be a need for a source (来源) of food. It’s really a challenge, but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌). ②Researchers from China tested five kinds of bacteria. They found during a period of 10 to 21 days, three of them doubled phosphorus content (磷含量), which is necessary for the growth of plants. ③In the next step of the study, the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems and roots (茎和根) after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria. ④Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants use energy from light to grow. ⑤China has made a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030 to do scientific study. As astronauts need to live on the moon for a long time, bringing all food to the moon will cost a lot of money. Growing plants there will be helpful. However, earlier tests showed that moon soil is bad for growing plants. Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a good possible pick-me-up. 1．Chinese researchers are taking steps towards ________. ①growing plants in Mars soil ②making moon farming possible ③growing plants on the moon ④bringing food to the moon A．①③ B．②③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 3? A．By using sayings. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By comparing facts. 3．What does the underlined word “pick-me-up” mean in Paragraph 5? A．A plan to help moon farming. B．A source of hope. C．A new type of bacteria. D．A way to save money. 4．Which is the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． The Moon was long believed to be dry, but over the last tens of years several studies have shown there is water both on the surface and inside minerals (矿物). Recently, scientists have discovered water inside tiny glass beads (玻璃珠) from the Moon and the water could be used as a future water source for astronauts. The study, carried out by a team led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the glass beads “are probably the main reservoir in the water cycle on the Moon’s surface”. The team studied 117 glass beads. They were in the soil collected by China’s Chang’e-5 spacecraft in December 2020 and brought back to the Earth. The glass beads are formed by tiny meteorites (陨石) that hit the surface of the Moon. They may make up around three to five percent of the Moon’s soil according to the study. And they may store up to 330 billion tons of water across the Moon’s surface. But how can we free the water from the beads? “If we want to get the water in glass beads, first we collect them, then boil them and cool the water vapor (水蒸气). Finally, you will get some liquid water in a bottle,” said Hu Sen, a scientist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. “There is good news. The glass beads are universal in the Moon’s soil. They can be found in many places. While much more research is needed, the glass beads will provide “explorers of tomorrow” with water to help them search other worlds in a better way. 1．Where can glass beads be seen on the Moon? A．In the soil. B．In the reservoir. C．In the water vapor. D．In the tiny meteorites. 2．What does the underlined word “universal” mean? A．Unusual. B．Strange. C．Common. D．Expensive. 3．What can we learn about the study? A．People will live on the Moon safely. B．It was done by an international team. C．People can drink water with no paying. D．It will give support to explore space. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Water on the Moon B．Future of the Moon C．Glass Beads on the Moon D．Development of the Moon ①For years, scientists have known how to find out the intelligence of a person. Recently, they began to do research into group intelligence. Early research shows that group intelligence is not the total of the intelligence of the persons in it. So what is the secret of a group’s success? ②Researchers at a research company and a university have both dealt with this question. In the study of the company, researchers collected information and studied it to find patterns. They discussed many opinions, but found no patterns to support them. Instead, the difference between more effective teams and less effective teams was that there was communication among the members. The university group collected information by using digital badges (徽章) that people agreed to wear. They provided much information, including how long people spoke, where they were looking during communication, and their body language. ③Not only the research company but also the university group found that the key to an effective team was how members communicated with each other. ④Among the findings, the most important is that, in effective teams, members spoke for almost the same amount of time—not at every meeting or communication, but the whole course of a project. The second one was that members showed an understanding of how it might feel to walk in somebody else’s shoes. A high level of these two characteristics makes a member feel comfortable when he expresses his opinions. They believe that others will listen to them and value what they say. ⑤One might say that most of these findings are clear. However, understanding group intelligence can help people make the basic changes that are necessary to increase the chance of a group’s success. 1．How did the university group do their research? A．They collected information on how people behaved. B．They studied the findings of the earlier research. C．They dealt with the question and explained the answer D．They talked about their opinions and found no patterns. 2．What can we learn about the researchers’ findings? A．The same speaking time at one meeting is important. B．Members need to understand each other’s feelings. C．Being doubted is common in effective groups. D．Group intelligence is the total of the persons’ intelligence 3．How is the text organized? A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Value of Team Members B．The Secret of Group Research C．The Key to Successful Work Teams D．The Competition between Groups Since Apple released its iPhone 17 on Sept 9, 2025, the “Cosmic Orange” color for the Pro model has drawn people’s attention. It is different from more common colors, such as white and black. Colors are more than just visual effects. According to the American Marketing Association, bright colors can make a product seem better, even if the color doesn’t change how the product works. This happens because the richness or purity of a color may make people more confident in the product. Why is this? According to an article from the University of Leeds, when light comes into our eyes, special cells (细胞) at the back of our eyes react to different colors and send signals to the brain. Most signals go to the visual cortex (视觉皮层), where we see pictures. But some are sent to another part of the brain called the hypothalamus (下丘脑). This part can rein things in our body, such as temperature and mood. So, this means colors can change how our bodies feel. For example, blue light can make our blood flow and heartbeat slow down. It can also lower our blood pressure and help us relax, according to the University of Derby in the UK. Orange, on the other hand, wakes up our senses, making it great for catching attention. However, no color has been shown to increase sales more than others, said researchers at the University of Southern California in the US. Still, successful brands often use colors to create their images. For example, Coca-Cola uses red because it increases heart rate and makes people want to eat more. 1．Which color makes products seem better according to the text? A．Brown. B．Black. C．Gray. D．Orange. 2．What does the underlined word “rein” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Connect. B．Control. C．Protect. D．Discover. 3．What effect does blue light have on people? A．It wakes up their senses. B．It increases heart rate. C．It enables us to take it easy. D．It makes them feel hungry. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How the body reacts to different colors. B．How special colors become popular. C．What new colors Apple used for its phones. D．Why bright colors are used for products. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (辽宁专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 较易 科普知识,方法/策略,说明文 2 较易 植物,说明文 3 较易 发明与创造,说明文 4 较易 发明与创造,说明文 5 适中 科普知识,身体部位,说明文 6 适中 发明与创造,环境保护,说明文 7 较难 方法/策略,科学技术,说明文 8 较易 环境保护,说明文 9 较易 中华文化,说明文 10 适中 守则,说明文 11 适中 科普知识,身体部位,说明文 12 适中 航天与航空,科学技术,说明文 13 较易 天体与宇宙,说明文 14 适中 合作与交流,科普知识,说明文 15 适中 科普知识,颜色,说明文 【中考真题】 We have many ways to get close to nature, such as dancing in the rain, stepping on fallen leaves or digging in the soil, but my favourite is walking barefoot (赤脚). Walking barefoot can be enjoyable and helpful. It can help us sleep better and feel rested in mind and body. It can also build our foot muscles (肌肉) and improve our balance. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, walking barefoot can be good for our health. When you want to try walking barefoot, there’s no need to hurry. At first, walking barefoot for 10 minutes can be fine. After that, add 5 minutes every day until you can walk for 20 to 30 minutes. If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time. Walking barefoot, however, isn’t always safe. People with health problems like flat feet or back pain should avoid this practice. What’s more, walking barefoot in cold or wet environments might cause health problems. To make walking barefoot safe, remember the following points: ·Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand. ·Stay away from things like rocks or broken glass. ·Keep shoes at hand if you worry that your feet will get too sore. ·Listen to your body—stop if you feel pain or discomfort. Walking barefoot is a great way to feel connected with nature, but it’s important to stay safe and consider your own health condition. 1．Which of the following is the writer’s favourite way to get close to nature? A．Dancing in the rain. B．Stepping on fallen leaves. C．Digging in the soil. D．Walking without shoes on. 2．What does the underlined word “curtail” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Tell. B．Make. C．Value. D．Reduce. 3．According to the text, remember to ________ when you are walking barefoot. A．try a cold surface B．practice on hard rocks C．find a safe place D．walk in wet environments 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The introduction to health problems. B．The suggestions on outdoor activities. C．The information about walking barefoot. D．The effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了赤脚行走的益处和安全实践的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“but my favourite is walking barefoot”可知，作者最喜欢的亲近自然的方式是赤脚行走。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time.”可知，若脚疼需休息或“减少”时间，结合选项，“curtail”意为“减少”，与选项D“Reduce”意义相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand.”可知，赤脚行走时需选择安全的地方。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕赤脚行走展开，介绍了其益处、适应方法、安全建议等，核心内容是“关于赤脚行走的信息”。故选C。 We’re plants. Give us your care and we will bring joy to you. Please take us home, will you? PLANTS Get to know us Flowers We bring bright colors! Houseplants We are green and light up rooms! Succulents (多肉植物) We don’t need much care! Vegetables How about home-grown food? Give us a home We can live in a pot. It can be put near a window, by a sofa or under a tree. Placing us on a wall will bring you much fun. We love it, too. Care for us Spring We may need fertilizers (化肥). Summer We hate harmful insects. Autumn We need less water. Winter Give us a larger home if necessary. 1．According to the text, ________ don’t need much care. A．flowers B．houseplants C．succulents D．vegetables 2．It’s fun to put a pot of plants ________. A．on a wall B．by a sofa C．near a window D．under a tree 3．Plants need to be protected from harmful insects, especially in ________. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 4．Which part of a magazine is the text most probably taken from? A．Art. B．Life. C．Sports. D．History. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些植物。 1．细节理解题。根据“Succulents (多肉植物) We don’t need much care!”可知，多肉植物不太需要照顾，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Placing us on a wall will bring you much fun.”可知，把植物挂在墙上会给你带来很多乐趣。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Summer We hate harmful insects.”可知，尤其是在夏天需要保护植物不受有害昆虫的侵害，故选B。 4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一些植物，所以可能在杂志的生活版块看到这篇文章，故选B。 【热点话题练习】 Getting it just right Pull-ups (引体向上) are one of the most common exercises. But they’re hard to do in the right way. Recently, three junior middle school students from Beijing made a monitor (监测器) to help people do pull-ups better. They won the first prize for their work in the 44th Beijing Youth Science Creation Competition in March. The three are from different schools in Beijing. Their shared interest in programming (编程) brought them together in a class at a science museum.“Each of us was good at different parts of programming, so we decided to take part in the competition as a team,” said 13-year-old Zhang Luotu, the team leader. “Many classmates were doing pull-ups in the wrong way without realizing they could get hurt,” said Zhang.“So we made this to help.” The monitor has two parts—two small sensors (传感器) and a pair of gloves. First, users put the sensors on their arms. While doing pull-ups, the sensors measure (测量) the electrical signals from each arm. The monitor then checks if the numbers match. If not, the gloves shine a red light. This can help people know they do pull-ups in the wrong way. “Pull-ups are a common PE test in many places, but we think they should be more than that,” Zhang said.“They are a great exercise and we should try to do them in the right way.” 1．What did the three students make to win the first prize in the competition? A．A monitor.     B．A web page. C．A robot. D．A PE exercise. 2．According to Zhang Luotu, why did they decide to work as a team? A．Because they all went to the same school. B．Because their teacher asked them to work together. C．Because they had the same interests in both study and life. D．Because each of them was good at different parts of programming. 3．What does the pull-up monitor do to show that people do pull-ups in the wrong way? A．It makes a loud sound. B．The gloves shine a red light. C．It stops working immediately. D．The sensors send messages to teachers. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Ways to do pull-ups correctly. B．The importance of pull-ups in PE tests. C．Three students’ invention that can help with pull-ups. D．The benefits of the science creation competitions for young people. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了三名北京初中生因共同爱好编程而组成团队，发明了一款用于规范引体向上动作的监测器，并因此在北京青少年科学创新大赛中获奖的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Recently, three junior middle school students from Beijing made a monitor to help people do pull-ups better. They won the first prize for their work in the 44th Beijing Youth Science Creation Competition in March.”可知，他们获奖的作品是一个监测器。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Each of us was good at different parts of programming, so we decided to take part in the competition as a team…”可知，他们组队的原因是各自擅长编程的不同领域。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“The monitor then checks if the numbers match. If not, the gloves shine a red light. This can help people know they do pull-ups in the wrong way.”可知，监测器通过手套亮红灯来提示动作错误。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要围绕三名学生发明引体向上监测器这一事件展开，介绍了他们组队的缘由、发明的动机以及监测器的工作原理。因此，文章的主旨是介绍这项能帮助规范引体向上动作的发明。选项C“三名学生的能帮助进行引体向上的发明。”准确概括了文章核心内容。故选C。 On October 21st, 2024, a robot dog became a star at Mount Taishan. It carried a heavy bag on its back as it climbed the mountain’s stone steps, along the way, it used a clear voice to remind tourists to throw trash into bins and protect the mountain’s natural environment. Many visitors stopped to take photos of this hard-working “little helper”, catching many visitors’ eyes. Robots are no longer just objects in labs or exhibitions—they are stepping into people’s daily lives. As early as the autumn of 2023, two robot dogs named X30 were put to use at Zhejiang University. They helped students carry heavy school bags, easily walked through crowded campuses, and smoothly climbed up and down the stairs (楼梯) of teaching buildings, saving students a lot of trouble. The robot dogs were named X30. They have been used in many areas. They can work in freezing weather conditions. They can also work in bright light, weak light and even complete darkness, with a reach of 10 km. In recent years, the rapid growth of China’s robotics industry (机器人产业) has led to the use of robots in different areas. For example, the humanoid robots (人形机器人) are increasingly used in many industries, such as cars, computers and communications. In the car factories, humanoid robots finish tasks done only by humans. With the development of science and technology, robot products will be deeply used in the real economy (经济) in China by 2027. They will play bigger roles in more areas, from daily life to industrial production. The robot industry will have a bright future. 1．What did the robot dog do on Mount Taishan? A．It carried a heavy bag and cooked food for visitors. B．It carried a heavy bag and helped clean Mount Taishan. C．It carried a heavy bag and sold cheap water to the visitors. D．It carried a heavy bag and reminded visitors to protect the environment. 2．What can the X30 robot dogs probably be used for according to Paragraph 3? A．Helping people cook meals. B．Producing things in the factories. C．Making video calls with the elderly. D．Searching for people in dark places. 3．In which industries are humanoid robots increasingly used according to the passage? ①Cars. ②Fishing. ③Computers. ④Communications. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Good Helper for the Elderly B．Humanoid Robots’ Importance C．Robot Dogs and Their Advantages D．Robots’ Uses and Development in China 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了机器人狗在泰山的表现、X30机器人狗的用途、人形机器人的应用领域以及中国机器人产业的快速发展和未来前景。 1．细节理解题。根据“On October 21st, 2024, a robot dog became a star at Mount Taishan. It carried a heavy bag on its back as it climbed the mountain’s stone steps, along the way, it used a clear voice to remind tourists to throw trash into bins and protect the mountain’s natural environment.”可知，机器人狗在泰山背着一个沉重的包，并提醒游客保护环境。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“The robot dogs were named X30. They have been used in many areas. They can work in freezing weather conditions. They can also work in bright light, weak light and even complete darkness, with a reach of 10 km.”可知，名为 X30 的机器狗已应用于多个领域，具备适应严寒、强光、弱光乃至完全黑暗等复杂环境的能力，作业范围可达10公里，所以可推测该款机器狗能用于在黑暗地方搜寻人。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, the humanoid robots (人形机器人) are increasingly used in many industries, such as cars, computers and communications.”可知，人形机器人越来越多地应用于汽车、计算机和通信行业。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了机器人在中国的使用情况以及机器人产业的发展。故选D。 Do you know the five main senses (感官) we have? They are touch, taste, sight, smell and hearing. They are controlled by different parts of our brains. Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It’s easy, right? That’s because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it. Brains are also life-saving heroes. Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react (作出反应) to loud noises faster than to a friend’s voice. Some scientists believe that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors (祖先) were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives. Here is more about brains. Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing. Scientists think this happens when different senses intermingle (相互交织). Another fact is that temperature sometimes influences our senses. Some people can feel storms coming through knee pain (疼). So we often joke that we’re “human weather apps”. Also, our brains are able to make adjustment (调整) to some senses. If someone can’t see well, his hearing or touch might become stronger. Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What’s the secret to improving memory? Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey. 1．What do the two examples in the first paragraph show? A．Human brains are different. B．Brains help our bodies work well. C．People have many living habits. D．Humans can touch their noses easily. 2．Which of the following animals is probably a “predator”? A．A tiger. B．A giraffe. C．A butterfly. D．A rabbit. 3．According to Paragraph 3, what might happen if your senses mix? A．You can tie your shoes without looking. B．You taste sweetness when seeing an apple. C．You jump when someone shouts suddenly. D．You feel pain in your knees before the rain comes. 4．What is the writing purpose (目的) of the last paragraph? A．To encourage brain studies. B．To improve people’s memory. C．To show the importance of brains. D．To admire the scientists’ research. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的五种主要感官由大脑控制，阐述了大脑帮助身体运转、具备避险本能，还说明了感官交织、温度影响感官等现象，最后提到大脑研究仍有很多未知。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose...We can also stand on one leg without falling down.”可知，这两个例子是为了说明大脑帮助身体顺畅运转。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers”可知，predators 指的是像老虎这样的危险动物。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It’s called sense mixing.”可知，感官交织是不同感官的体验重叠，“看到苹果时尝到甜味”符合这一现象。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there’s still a lot to do...Then it’s time for you to start your discovering journey.”可知，作者是为了鼓励人们开启对大脑的探索之旅。故选A。 Unlike what you may imagine, taking good care of a plant can be difficult, especially when it comes to how to water a plant. Many people are not sure how often or how much they need to water their plants. Even some farmers may have the same problem. Luckily, a new technology called GrowStream can help them “talk” to their plants. GrowStream is a watering system (系统). Its tubes (管子) have special tiny holes in them. When plants need water, they will release (分泌) chemicals (化学物质). When the holes detect these chemicals, they will open. The plants then get water from these holes. As the plants “drink” enough water, they stop releasing these chemicals. And that “tells” the holes to close back up and stop watering. This system can help save 45 to 50 percent more water than common watering systems. It was created by a company called RDI. The company has brought the GrowStream system to many farms in South Africa. It is also testing the system in the US. It will be used to make the city greener while saving more water. “GrowStream is more than just a technology,” said Jan Gould, CEO of RDI. “We want it to ‘talk’ to people, too. It ‘says’ two things: The earth’s natural resources (资源) are not so much, and we should take better care of the planet through new technology.” 1．Why is it difficult to water a plant? A．Plants need too much water. B．Watering a plant takes too much time. C．It is hard to tell whether the plant needs water. D．Some farmers don’t teach you how to water a plant. 2．What does the underlined word “detect” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Discover. B．Lose. C．Create. D．Change. 3．What is the main advantage (优点) of this system? A．Saving time. B．Easy to use. C．Saving water. D．Cheap to buy. 4．What does Jan Gould mean by saying the words? A．The earth is heavily polluted. B．People can talk with GrowStream. C．We have to find more natural resources. D．New technology can help save natural resources. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了名为GrowStream的智能灌溉系统，它能通过检测植物分泌的化学物质自动浇水，既助力农业生产，也能节约水资源、保护地球资源。 1．细节理解题。根据“Many people are not sure how often or how much they need to water their plants”可知，给植物浇水难是因为人们难以判断植物是否需要水。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“When the holes detect these chemicals, they will open”可知，管子上的小孔感受到植物分泌的化学物质后会打开，“detect”在此处意为“发现、探测”，与“Discover”意思相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“This system can help save 45 to 50 percent more water than common watering systems”可知，这个系统的主要优点是节约水资源。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“It ‘says’ two things: The earth’s natural resources are not so much, and we should take better care of the planet through new technology”可知，Jan Gould 想表达的是，新技术可以帮助节约自然资源、更好地保护地球。故选D。 Today, we often see pictures created with the help of an AI tool on social media. It seems that these pictures are real ones. Siwei Lyu, a computer scientist from America, offers some tips about how to find out whether a picture online is AI-created or not. The first step is to slow down. On social media, it only takes us 13 milliseconds (毫秒) to process a picture. That may be enough to notice what it is, but not enough to think about whether it’s real or not. “Next time we see something interesting or funny, take more time to look and think about it.” Lyu says. Secondly, AI programs are trained to create pictures by looking at a large number of real ones. These programs only know what they’ve been given. They don’t know what details (细节) to pay attention to. This results in problems that are easy to find through careful checks. If there is a person in a picture, Lyu suggests looking at their hands and eyes. Today’s AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands. They may have six fingers, or fingers that are in the same length or look strange. And why the eyes? Humans almost always have circular pupils (圆形瞳孔), but AI often produces strangely shaped shadows in the center of eyes. Light reflecting off (反射) the eyes should also be in the same place on each eye. It’s something that today’s AI tools are still trying to work out. Thirdly, many AI-created pictures also have unnatural smoothness (平滑度) where there should be textures (纹理). Things that should be straight may be curved (弯曲的). You can start looking out for AI-created pictures today. Check first before you believe anything you see! 1．How many tips does the writer introduce to us in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Why does Lyu suggest looking at hands and eyes of a person in a picture? A．Everyone’s eyes and hands are different. B．AI-created pictures always have unnatural smoothness. C．AI programs are not able to create lifelike hands and eyes. D．Light reflecting off the eyes is in the same place. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．AI-created pictures still have challenging problems for AI to solve. B．AI clearly knows what it should pay attention to when creating pictures C．AI-created pictures can’t have natural smoothness without special training. D．AI can’t create pictures unless they look at a large number of real ones. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Some AI-created pictures. B．Some useful tips. C．Some social media. D．Some research. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了计算机科学家Siwei Lyu提供的几种识别AI生成图片的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“The first step...Secondly...Thirdly...”可知，作者在文中共介绍了三个主要方法。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“If there is a person in a picture, Lyu suggests looking at their hands and eyes. Today’s AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands.”和“And why the eyes? Humans almost always have circular pupils (圆形瞳孔), but AI often produces strangely shaped shadows in the center of eyes.”可知，AI目前无法生成逼真的手部和眼睛细节。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Light reflecting off (反射) the eyes should also be in the same place on each eye. It’s something that today’s AI tools are still trying to work out.”可知，AI生成图片在瞳孔反射光等细节上仍存在未解决的难题。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕“如何识别AI生成图片”展开，列举了三条实用的方法，属于“有用的小贴士”。故选B。 Bird migration (迁徙) is one of nature’s most amazing things. Every year, millions of birds fly thousands of kilometres between their home areas and winter places. Why do birds take such long and dangerous journeys? The reasons are food and weather. In cold seasons, food becomes difficult to find, and birds move to warmer places to find enough insects or plants to eat. Scientists studied how birds travel for a long time. In the past, scientists used small metal rings (金属环) to record where birds go. Today, scientists use GPS to help them. They found that birds use different ways to find their directions, like looking at the sun and stars, and remembering mountains and rivers to help them know their ways. Migration is arduous. Birds face many dangers, such as storms, enemies (天敌), and tall buildings. To prepare for the trip, they eat more food to store energy. During the journey, birds fly in groups to save energy by following the first bird. Bird migration is important to ecosystems. For example, some birds help flowers grow through pollination (授粉). However, climate change and human activities are making migration harder. Scientists say that some birds may change their ways or even disappear if we don’t protect their rest areas. By building bird-friendly cities and using less light at night, humans can help these amazing travelers. 1．What’s the reason for bird migration? A．To save energy during trips. B．To see rivers and mountains. C．To find food and better weather. D．To protect themselves from enemies. 2．How does the writer tell how birds find directions in Paragraph 2? A．By comparing different kinds of birds. B．By describing tools birds use to find directions. C．By listing numbers in a scientist’s study. D．By telling the result of climate change. 3．What does the underlined word “arduous” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Difficult. B．Exciting. C．Helpful. D．Boring. 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To tell the history of scientific tools. B．To encourage people to feed birds in cities. C．To show how to build bird-friendly gardens. D．To describe a natural event and its importance. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了鸟类迁徙的原因、方式、面临的困难、重要性以及人类可采取的保护措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“Why do birds take such long and dangerous journeys? The reasons are food and weather. In cold seasons, food becomes difficult to find, and birds move to warmer places to find enough insects or plants to eat.”可知，鸟类迁徙的原因是为了寻找食物和更好的天气。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“They found that birds use different ways to find their directions, like looking at the sun and stars, and remembering mountains and rivers to help them know their ways.”可知，作者通过描述鸟类用来寻找方向的工具来讲述鸟类如何找到方向。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Migration is arduous. Birds face many dangers, such as storms, enemies (天敌), and tall buildings.”可知，鸟类迁徙面临很多危险，所以迁徙是困难的，“arduous”的意思是“困难的”与“Difficult”意思相同。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要描述了鸟类迁徙这一自然事件以及它对生态系统的重要性。故选D。 “Made in China” is having its moment now—and it’s a fashionable one. The story of Chinese fashion began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, the two Chinese sports shoe brands, suddenly got international attention. Their products were seen all over the world. A famous Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September, 2018. They showed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters. Shaun Rein, managing director of China Market Research Group, said that the latest Chinese brands no longer catch customers’ eye by low price. He told CNN, “They are sure that they can go head to head with foreign brands.” Maybe it is because China’s young people are now more confident about their own culture. They don’t show immediate interest in Western culture any more. “Today’s young people in China are crazy about Chinese cultural elements (元素),” Jin Qu, the manager of a clothing shopping website, said at a cultural festival in 2018. “They like these elements printed on their clothes, even the brand picture of Laoganma in China, which was once seen as outside of fashion. But now young people are proud of these Chinese symbols.” In fact, many stars in the West now are interested in Chinese cultural elements in fashion. Rihanna, a US singer, for example, wore a Chinese red dress to the 2015 Met Gala in New York. The dress was designed and made by Chinese designer Guo Pei. “We have to move from making to creating,” Chinese-American designer Aric Chen once told The New York Times. “We want to replace the words ‘Made in China’ with ‘Designed in China’.” 1．The new designs of a famous Chinese sportswear brand in September, 2018 were ________. A．coats and scarves in Chinese red B．sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters C．coats and scarves with American symbols D．sweaters and jackets with English words 2．The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refers to “________”. A．today’s young people in China B．the workers in Jin Qu’s shop C．some famous stars in the West D．directors of some Chinese companies 3．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Chinese Clothes Brands B．Sports in China C．Chinese Cultural Festival D．Designed in China 4．The passage above may be taken from a(n) ________. A．novel B．guidebook C．newspaper D．ad 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国品牌在国际时尚界的崛起，尤其是中国文化元素在年轻人和西方明星中的流行。 1．细节理解题。根据“A famous Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September, 2018. They showed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters.”可知，2018年9月的纽约时装周上，中国著名服装品牌展示的产品是带有中国汉字的毛衣和夹克衫。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Today’s young people in China are crazy about Chinese cultural elements”和“They like these elements printed on their clothes,”可知，当代中国年轻人对中国文化元素非常着迷，他们喜欢把这些元素印在衣服上，“They”指代前文的“当代中国年轻人”。故选A。 3．最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国品牌在国际时尚界的崛起，尤其是中国文化元素在年轻人和西方明星中的流行，中国正由“中国制造”向“中国设计”转变。故这篇文章最好的标题是“中国设计”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文内容是关于“中国制造向中国设计转型”的社会趋势，引用了专家、设计师的观点及具体案例，属于新闻类报道，所以本文最可能出自报纸。故选C。 When you want to ask your teacher a question during the class, what do you do? Do you simply shout out your question as soon as it enters your mind? Or do you raise your hand and wait until the teacher calls your name? If you politely raise your hand first, it’s probably because your teacher has a rule of what you are allowed to do when you have a question. Can you imagine what it would be like if everyone could simply talk whenever they wanted during class? Do you think learning would take place? Instead of a peaceful learning environment, a classroom without rules would be chaotic! When you learn to drive, you’ll realize how many rules you have to follow. You can’t go as fast as you want at any time in any place. You can’t park your car wherever you want. You’re not even allowed to drive a car if you are under 18 years old. The rules for driving share a common purpose (目的) with many rules you must follow in your daily life to keep you safe. As the saying goes, “No rules, no standards.” If you make a list of the rules you follow each day, you will quickly realize how many of them can keep you safe and make your life more enjoyable as a result. Although sometimes a rule is not fair, don’t break it. Instead, decide what you can do to try to change the rule. Working within the rules to change the rules is what you need to do. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking some questions. B．By listing some numbers. C．By providing some materials. D．By sharing an idea. 2．What does the underlined word “chaotic” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Quiet. B．Crowded. C．Active. D．Messy. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean in Chinese? A．不以规矩，不能成方圆。 B．吃一堑，长一智。 C．不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 D．言无二贵，法不两适。 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to make fair rules. B．How students should act in school. C．Why society needs rules. D．What changes you can make to rules. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了遵循规则的重要性，解释了为什么社会需要规则。 1．细节理解题。根据“When you want to ask your teacher a question during the class, what do you do? Do you simply shout out your question as soon as it enters your mind? Or do you raise your hand and wait until the teacher calls your name?”可知，作者是通过提问一些问题来开篇的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Instead of a peaceful learning environment, a classroom without rules would be chaotic!”可知，一个没有规则的教室不是一个安静的学习环境，划线词与“peaceful”的含义相对立，结合选项，Messy“混乱的”符合题意。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“As the saying goes, ‘No rules, no standards.’”可知，这个谚语和制定规则相关，A项“不以规矩，不能成方圆。”符合。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过课堂、驾驶等场景，说明规则能维持秩序、保障安全，还引用谚语强调规则的作用，所以本文主要是关于“社会需要规则的原因”。故选C。 No one is born with skills like surfing, skateboarding or standing on their tiptoes. Humans have no balance at birth—they can’t walk or stand. Before that can happen, their body must develop. This takes months, and for some activities, even years. You might have noticed some people are great at keeping balance. But they weren’t born with this ability. Instead, it took practice. The more you practice, the better you become. Though some people are naturally skillful at it. Experts say good balance depends on information the brain receives from several body parts. These include the inner ear, eyes, muscles (肌肉), bones and joints (关节). The inner ear plays a major role in balance. The part controlling balance is the vestibular (前庭的) system with five different organs (器官). Inside these organs, there is fluid (液体). When our body and head move, the fluid sends signals (信号) to the brain, which in turn helps us know our position and stay balanced. When the vestibular system fails, we may feel dizzy (眩晕的) and fall. Eyesight also matters for balance. We need a clear sense of our surroundings (环境) to stay on our feet. If you doubt this, try standing on one foot with your eyes closed. When someone has eyesight problems, their ability to judge distances and depth can lead to loss of balance. Nerves in muscles and joints tell the brain about changes. When you step on ice, the brain quickly sends reaction instructions. If our muscles and joints are weak or slow, we are more likely to fall. Failure in any one of these three systems may result in balance problems. But when one system is affected, the other two can be trained to make up for it. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Riding skateboards. B．Standing on tiptoes. C．Keeping balance. D．Taking practice. 2．What’s the function (功能) of the inner ear in balance? A．To improve eyesight. B．To control body temperature. C．To strengthen muscles and joints. D．To send signals about balance to the brain. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Head plays a key role in keeping balance. B．The balance skills are naturally born in humans. C．Stepping on ice can cause people to think slowly. D．The other systems will improve balance if one doesn’t work. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The secrets of Balance B．The Changes of Brain C．The Problems of Eyesight D．The Importance of Muscles 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文讲述了人类保持平衡的秘密，包括内耳、眼睛、肌肉、骨骼和关节等身体部位在平衡中扮演的角色，以及当其中一个系统出现问题时，其他系统如何进行补偿。 1．词句猜测题。根据文中“You might have noticed some people are great at keeping balance. But they weren’t born with this ability. Instead, it took practice.”可知，你可能已经注意到有些人很擅长保持平衡，但他们并不是天生就有这种能力，而是需要练习。这里的“it”指的是前面提到的“keeping balance”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“The inner ear plays a major role in balance. ... When our body and head move, the fluid sends signals to the brain, which in turn helps us know our position and stay balanced.”可知，内耳在平衡中起着主要作用，当我们的身体和头部移动时，内耳中的液体会向大脑发送信号，这反过来又帮助我们了解自己的位置并保持平衡。因此，内耳的功能是向大脑发送关于平衡的信号。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“Failure in any one of these three systems may result in balance problems. But when one system is affected, the other two can be trained to make up for it.”可知，这三个系统中任何一个出现故障都可能导致平衡问题，但当一个系统受到影响时，其他两个系统可以通过训练来弥补。因此，D选项“如果一个系统不起作用，其他系统将改善平衡”是正确的。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了人类保持平衡的秘密，包括内耳、眼睛、肌肉、骨骼和关节等身体部位在平衡中扮演的角色，以及当其中一个系统出现问题时，其他系统如何进行补偿。因此，A选项“平衡的秘密”最能概括文章的主旨大意。故选A。 ①So far, humans have landed on the moon six times. If humans want to stay on the moon for long in the future, there will be a need for a source (来源) of food. It’s really a challenge, but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌). ②Researchers from China tested five kinds of bacteria. They found during a period of 10 to 21 days, three of them doubled phosphorus content (磷含量), which is necessary for the growth of plants. ③In the next step of the study, the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems and roots (茎和根) after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria. ④Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants use energy from light to grow. ⑤China has made a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030 to do scientific study. As astronauts need to live on the moon for a long time, bringing all food to the moon will cost a lot of money. Growing plants there will be helpful. However, earlier tests showed that moon soil is bad for growing plants. Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a good possible pick-me-up. 1．Chinese researchers are taking steps towards ________. ①growing plants in Mars soil ②making moon farming possible ③growing plants on the moon ④bringing food to the moon A．①③ B．②③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 3? A．By using sayings. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By comparing facts. 3．What does the underlined word “pick-me-up” mean in Paragraph 5? A．A plan to help moon farming. B．A source of hope. C．A new type of bacteria. D．A way to save money. 4．Which is the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国研究人员通过引入地球细菌，使月球土壤可用于农业种植，为实现月球农业迈出了重要一步。文章详细描述了实验过程、结果以及这一发现对未来月球探索的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria”可知，中国研究人员正在采取措施使月球农业成为可能，并且他们已经找到了一种通过引入地球细菌使月球土壤可用于农业种植的方法。同时，根据后文描述的实验过程，也是为了验证在月球土壤中种植植物的可能性。因此，②③符合题意。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems and roots after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria”可知，研究人员在人造月球土壤中种植了模型植物，并对比了有细菌和无细菌条件下植物的生长情况。这里作者通过对比事实来支持自己的观点，即引入地球细菌可以促进植物在月球土壤中的生长。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a good possible pick-me-up”可知，在之前的测试中，人们发现月球土壤不利于植物生长，因此开始感到绝望。但是，这个新的测试结果给他们带来了希望。因此，“pick-me-up”在这里的意思是“希望的来源”。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍了中国研究人员正在采取措施使月球农业成为可能，并引出了全文的主题；第二、三、四段详细描述了实验过程和结果，包括测试的细菌种类、植物生长情况以及叶绿素含量等；第五段则总结了这一发现对未来月球探索的意义，并指出这一测试给人们带来了希望。因此，文章的结构是总分总，即第一段为总述，第二、三、四段为分述，第五段为总结。选项A符合这一结构。故选A。 The Moon was long believed to be dry, but over the last tens of years several studies have shown there is water both on the surface and inside minerals (矿物). Recently, scientists have discovered water inside tiny glass beads (玻璃珠) from the Moon and the water could be used as a future water source for astronauts. The study, carried out by a team led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the glass beads “are probably the main reservoir in the water cycle on the Moon’s surface”. The team studied 117 glass beads. They were in the soil collected by China’s Chang’e-5 spacecraft in December 2020 and brought back to the Earth. The glass beads are formed by tiny meteorites (陨石) that hit the surface of the Moon. They may make up around three to five percent of the Moon’s soil according to the study. And they may store up to 330 billion tons of water across the Moon’s surface. But how can we free the water from the beads? “If we want to get the water in glass beads, first we collect them, then boil them and cool the water vapor (水蒸气). Finally, you will get some liquid water in a bottle,” said Hu Sen, a scientist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. “There is good news. The glass beads are universal in the Moon’s soil. They can be found in many places. While much more research is needed, the glass beads will provide “explorers of tomorrow” with water to help them search other worlds in a better way. 1．Where can glass beads be seen on the Moon? A．In the soil. B．In the reservoir. C．In the water vapor. D．In the tiny meteorites. 2．What does the underlined word “universal” mean? A．Unusual. B．Strange. C．Common. D．Expensive. 3．What can we learn about the study? A．People will live on the Moon safely. B．It was done by an international team. C．People can drink water with no paying. D．It will give support to explore space. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Water on the Moon B．Future of the Moon C．Glass Beads on the Moon D．Development of the Moon 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要围绕“月球上的水”展开，重点介绍玻璃珠中的水这一重要发现及应用价值。 1．细节理解题。根据“They were in the soil collected by China’s Chang’e-5 spacecraft in December 2020 and brought back to the Earth.”可知，玻璃珠在土壤中。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The glass beads are universal in the Moon’s soil. They can be found in many places.”可知，玻璃珠在月球土壤中很普遍，他们能在很多地方被找到，因此universal意为“普遍的”，与Common同义。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“While much more research is needed, the glass beads will provide ‘explorers of tomorrow’ with water to help them search other worlds in a better way.”可知，尽管仍需开展更多研究，但这些玻璃珠将为“未来的探索者”提供水源，助力他们更顺利地探索其他星球。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章可知，本文主要围绕“月球上的水”展开，重点介绍玻璃珠中的水这一重要发现及应用价值，因此标题应为“月球上的水”。故选A。 ①For years, scientists have known how to find out the intelligence of a person. Recently, they began to do research into group intelligence. Early research shows that group intelligence is not the total of the intelligence of the persons in it. So what is the secret of a group’s success? ②Researchers at a research company and a university have both dealt with this question. In the study of the company, researchers collected information and studied it to find patterns. They discussed many opinions, but found no patterns to support them. Instead, the difference between more effective teams and less effective teams was that there was communication among the members. The university group collected information by using digital badges (徽章) that people agreed to wear. They provided much information, including how long people spoke, where they were looking during communication, and their body language. ③Not only the research company but also the university group found that the key to an effective team was how members communicated with each other. ④Among the findings, the most important is that, in effective teams, members spoke for almost the same amount of time—not at every meeting or communication, but the whole course of a project. The second one was that members showed an understanding of how it might feel to walk in somebody else’s shoes. A high level of these two characteristics makes a member feel comfortable when he expresses his opinions. They believe that others will listen to them and value what they say. ⑤One might say that most of these findings are clear. However, understanding group intelligence can help people make the basic changes that are necessary to increase the chance of a group’s success. 1．How did the university group do their research? A．They collected information on how people behaved. B．They studied the findings of the earlier research. C．They dealt with the question and explained the answer D．They talked about their opinions and found no patterns. 2．What can we learn about the researchers’ findings? A．The same speaking time at one meeting is important. B．Members need to understand each other’s feelings. C．Being doubted is common in effective groups. D．Group intelligence is the total of the persons’ intelligence 3．How is the text organized? A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Value of Team Members B．The Secret of Group Research C．The Key to Successful Work Teams D．The Competition between Groups 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了多年来科学家已知如何测定个人智力，近期开始研究群体智力。研究发现群体智力并非群体中个人智力之和，有效团队的关键在于成员间的沟通方式，有效团队成员说话时间大致相同且能理解他人感受，了解群体智力有助于提高团队成功几率。 1．细节理解题。根据“The university group collected information by using digital badges (徽章) that people agreed to wear. They provided much information, including how long people spoke, where they were looking during communication, and their body language.”可知大学团队通过使用人们同意佩戴的数字徽章收集信息，这些徽章提供了很多信息，包括人们说话的时长、交流时的目光看向哪里以及肢体语言，即收集人们行为方面的信息。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The second one was that members showed an understanding of how it might feel to walk in somebody else’s shoes.”可知研究人员的发现中重要的一点是成员要理解他人的感受。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出科学家开始研究群体智力以及群体成功的秘诀是什么这一问题；第二、三、四段介绍了一家研究公司和一所大学的研究及他们的发现；第五段说明了解群体智力对提高团队成功几率的作用。所以文章结构是总分总，选项A符合。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要围绕有效团队成功的关键因素展开，重点强调了成员间的沟通以及理解他人感受等方面，以选项C“成功工作团队的关键”为标题更合适。故选C。 Since Apple released its iPhone 17 on Sept 9, 2025, the “Cosmic Orange” color for the Pro model has drawn people’s attention. It is different from more common colors, such as white and black. Colors are more than just visual effects. According to the American Marketing Association, bright colors can make a product seem better, even if the color doesn’t change how the product works. This happens because the richness or purity of a color may make people more confident in the product. Why is this? According to an article from the University of Leeds, when light comes into our eyes, special cells (细胞) at the back of our eyes react to different colors and send signals to the brain. Most signals go to the visual cortex (视觉皮层), where we see pictures. But some are sent to another part of the brain called the hypothalamus (下丘脑). This part can rein things in our body, such as temperature and mood. So, this means colors can change how our bodies feel. For example, blue light can make our blood flow and heartbeat slow down. It can also lower our blood pressure and help us relax, according to the University of Derby in the UK. Orange, on the other hand, wakes up our senses, making it great for catching attention. However, no color has been shown to increase sales more than others, said researchers at the University of Southern California in the US. Still, successful brands often use colors to create their images. For example, Coca-Cola uses red because it increases heart rate and makes people want to eat more. 1．Which color makes products seem better according to the text? A．Brown. B．Black. C．Gray. D．Orange. 2．What does the underlined word “rein” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Connect. B．Control. C．Protect. D．Discover. 3．What effect does blue light have on people? A．It wakes up their senses. B．It increases heart rate. C．It enables us to take it easy. D．It makes them feel hungry. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How the body reacts to different colors. B．How special colors become popular. C．What new colors Apple used for its phones. D．Why bright colors are used for products. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文以苹果17 Pro款手机的“宇宙橙”颜色引人关注为切入点，阐述了颜色并非仅为视觉效果，还能影响人体感受，且知名品牌会借助颜色塑造自身形象等相关内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“According to the American Marketing Association, bright  colors can make a product seem better, even if the color doesn’t change  how the product works.”以及“Orange, on the other hand, wakes up our senses, making it great for catching attention.”可知，橙色属于鲜艳颜色，可推知橙色能让产品看起来更好。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“This part can rein things in our body, such as temperature and mood.”可知，下丘脑的功能是调控人体的体温、情绪等生理状态，且后文也提到颜色会通过下丘脑影响人体感受。由此可推知“rein”在此处意为“控制”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, blue light can make our blood flow and heartbeat slow down. It can also lower our blood pressure and help us relax,  according to the University of Derby in the UK.”可知，蓝光能帮助我们放松，“take it easy”与原文“relax”同义。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文中内容可知，文章先以苹果手机的“宇宙橙”颜色引出话题，接着阐述颜色不只是视觉效果，明亮颜色能让产品看起来更好，然后解释颜色如何影响人体感受，最后举例说明成功品牌常利用颜色塑造形象，所以文章主要讲的是为什么产品要使用明亮颜色。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $