题型08 短文首字母填空15篇（天津专用）（中考真题+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习（天津专用）

题型08 短文首字母填空15篇 (天津专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,描绘天气 2 适中 科普知识 3 适中 哲理感悟 4 适中 教育,说明文,中华文化 5 适中 国家与民族,新闻报道 6 适中 科学技术,议论文 7 较难 市场与经济,说明文 8 适中 自我管理,方法/策略,记叙文 9 适中 意见/建议,旅行,说明文 10 适中 发明与创造,说明文 11 较易 学习策略,方法/策略 12 适中 意见/建议 13 较难 科学技术 14 适中 体态语,文化差异 15 适中 环境保护,环境污染 【中考真题】 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Today the earth is getting warmer and warmer. But hundreds of years a 1 , people had a different problem—a 400-year cold period! From the 1400s to the 1800s, winters in the northern half of the earth were c 2 and longer than they are now. Scientists c 3 this time the “Little Ice Age” (小冰期). The colder weather b 4 many serious problems. Plants died of cold and illness spread among people. People had to spend a lot more time collecting wood for fires to keep their house warm. And sometimes, a h 5 piece of ice would slide down (滑落) a mountain and destroy (摧毁) some villages. Scientists think the Little Ice Age was caused by forces (力量) that people could not control. One cause (起因), in their opinion, was the sun. The sun often has “storms” of energy called sunspots (太阳黑子). During the Little Ice Age, there were fewer sunspots than there are t 6 . With fewer sunspots, the sun was giving out less e 7 which made the earth warm. Volcanic eruption (火山爆发) was probably a 8 natural cause. During the Little Ice Age, many volcanoes erupted. Their dust (灰尘) might stop the sun’s l 9 and heat from reaching the earth. Today we are seeing the influences of rising temperature. Scientists think people are causing this change by b 10 a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living. 【答案】 1．(a)go 2．(c)older 3．(c)all 4．(b)rought 5．(h)uge 6．(t)oday 7．(e)nergy 8．(a)nother 9．(l)ight 10．(b)urning 【导语】本文主要讲述了地球在历史上经历的“小冰期”现象及其可能的原因，并与当前全球变暖现象进行对比。 1．句意：但几百年前，人们面临一个不同的问题——持续400年的寒冷时期！根据“hundreds of years”和时间对比语境以及所给首字母可知，此处需用表示过去的时间副词，ago“以前”符合语境。故填(a)go。 2．句意：从15世纪到19世纪，北半球的冬天比现在更寒冷且更漫长。根据“winters in the northern half of the earth were...and longer than”和所给首字母可知，北半球的冬天比现在更寒冷且更漫长，此处应用cold“寒冷的”的比较级colder。故填(c)older。 3．句意：科学家称这个时期为“小冰期”。根据“Scientists...this time the ‘Little Ice Age’ (小冰期).”和所给首字母可知，科学家应是称这个时期为“小冰期”，call“称作”，主语“Scientists”为复数，且描述客观事实，动词用原形。故填(c)all。 4．句意：更寒冷的天气带来了许多严重的问题。根据“The colder weather...many serious problems.”和所给首字母可知，更寒冷的天气应是带来了许多严重的问题，“带来”bring，此处用过去式brought与上下文时态一致，描述过去发生的事。故填(b)rought。 5．句意：有时，一大块冰会从山上滑落并摧毁一些村庄。根据“piece of ice would slide down (滑落) a mountain and destroy (摧毁) some villages.”和所给首字母可知，应是一大块冰从山上滑落，才会摧毁一些村庄，“巨大的”huge，形容词作定语。故填(h)uge。 6．句意：在小冰期，太阳黑子比现在更少。与“During the Little Ice Age”形成时间对比，此处需用表示现在的副词。结合所给首字母可知，today“现在”，符合语境。故填(t)oday。 7．句意：太阳黑子减少，导致太阳释放的使地球变暖的能量更少。动词“giving out”后接名词作宾语，根据科学常识和所给首字母可知，此处指“能量”energy，不可数名词。故填(e)nergy。 8．句意：火山爆发可能是另一个自然原因。前文已提及太阳是原因之一，此处应表示另一个原因，结合所给首字母可知，another“另一、又一”符合语境。故填(a)nother。 9．句意：火山灰可能会阻挡太阳的光和热量到达地球。与“heat”并列，需用名词“光”light，不可数形式。故填(l)ight。 10．句意：科学家认为人类通过燃烧大量煤炭和石油导致了这一变化。根据“people are causing this change by...a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living”和所给首字母可知，应是燃烧煤炭和石油，burn“燃烧”，by后接动名词。故填(b)urning。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters (遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p 1 them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’. These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e 2 for them. They had to move from place to place to s 3 for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find a 4 to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw (生的) food u 5 they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c 6 their bodies. However, the lives of the ‘cave people’ changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g 7 in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a 8 for milk, meat and skins. They became f 9 and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became l 10 than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized (文明的). 【答案】 1．(p)rotect 2．(e)asy 3．(s)earch 4．(a)nything 5．(u)ntil 6．(c)over 7．(g)rew 8．(a)nimals 9．(f)armers 10．(l)arger 【导语】本文主要介绍“穴居人”的生活。 1．句意：这些“家”只是用作临时庇护所，保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害。根据“These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p...  them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests.”可知，这些“家”保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害，protect“保护”，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(p)rotect。 2．句意：这些“穴居人”通常生活在小群体中，生活对他们来说并不容易。根据“These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e... for them.”可知，生活对他们来说并不容易，easy“容易的”，在句中作表语，故填(e)asy。 3．句意：他们不得不从一个地方搬到另一个地方寻找食物。根据“They had to move from place to place to s... for food.”可知，他们不得不搬家寻找食物，search for“寻找”符合语境，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(s)earch。 4．句意：当他们找不到吃的东西时，他们会离开去找另一个合适的地方。根据“When they couldn’t find a... to eat, they would leave to find another proper place.”可知，找不到吃的东西时就会搬家，anything“任何东西”，用于否定句中，故填(a)nything。 5．句意：他们吃生的食物，直到学会如何生火。根据“They ate raw (生的) food u... they learnt how to make a fire.”可知，直到学会如何生火才不吃生的食物，until“直到”符合语境，故填(u)ntil。 6．句意：至于衣服，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体。根据“they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c... their bodies”可知，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体，cover“遮盖”，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(c)over。 7．句意：他们收集了生长在森林中的野生植物的种子。根据“They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g... in the forests.”可知，收集生长在森林中的野生植物的种子，grow“生长”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(g)rew。 8．句意：他们还饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，以获取牛奶、肉和皮。根据“They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a... for milk, meat and skins.”可知，饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，animal“动物”，“other kinds of”修饰可数名词复数，故填(a)nimals。 9．句意：他们成了农民，只住在一个特定的地区。根据“They became f... and lived in only one certain area.”可知，他们成了农民，farmer“农民”，主语“They”是复数，故填(f)armers。 10．句意：他们的群体变得比以前更大，因为他们的生活更加稳定。根据“Their groups became l... than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives.”可知，他们的群体变得比以前更大，larger“更大的”，在句中作表语，故填(l)arger。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is p 1 with some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good r 2 to smile often. First, it is e 3 to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles (肌肉) to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your f 4 a rest and smile! Second, smiles are nice. People may try to l 5 nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However, people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be a 6 someone who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy. Third, smiles have power (感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s 7 from one person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person laughs, people tend (往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is s 8 , the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up. F 9 , smiling and laughing are very good for the body. Even though you are sad, try smiling. You’ll find that it will be difficult to s 10 sad for very long! 【答案】 1．(p)leased 2．(r)easons 3．(e)asier 4．(f)ace 5．(l)ook 6．(a)round 7．(s)pread 8．(s)ad 9．(F)inally 10．(s)tay 【导语】本文主要介绍了对别人微笑的好处。 1．句意：例如，当一个人对学习上的进步感到满意时，他或她可能会微笑。be pleased with“对……感到满意”，此处指对学习上的进步感到满意。故填(p)leased。 2．句意：还有其他的好理由经常微笑。根据下文内容及首字母r可知下文中介绍了微笑的理由，reason“理由，原因”，other后接名词复数。故填(r)easons。 3．句意：首先，微笑比表现不开心更容易。根据“In fact, it only takes 17 muscles to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness.”可知微笑比表现不开心更容易，is后接easy的比较级easier表示“更容易的”。故填(e)asier。 4．句意：所以，让你脸上的肌肉休息一下，微笑吧！根据“In fact, it only takes 17 muscles to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness.”可推出此处用的是脸部肌肉，结合首字母f可知用face表示“脸”。故填(f)ace。 5．句意：人们可能会通过锻炼或穿漂亮的衣服来使自己看起来漂亮。根据“by exercising or wearing nice clothes”可知做这些是为了看起来漂亮，look“看起来”，不定式符号to后用动词原形，构成不定式。故填(l)ook。 6．句意：这是因为我们很容易和一个微笑和快乐的人在一起。根据“Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.”可知待在爱笑的人周围很容易，用around表示“在……周围”。故填(a)round。 7．句意：微笑和大笑都能轻易而迅速地从一个人传播到另一个人。根据“from one person to another”可知此处指从人到人的传播，spread“传播”，can后用动词原形。故填(s)pread。 8．句意：如果一个人悲伤，最好的办法就是分享一个微笑或大笑。根据“It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.”可知要使难过的人高兴起来，is后接形容词sad表示“难过的”。故填(s)ad。 9．句意：最后，微笑和大笑对身体很好。根据“First ... Second ... Third ...”及首字母F可知此处用Finally表示“最后”。故填(F)inally。 10．句意：你会发现保持悲伤很长时间是很困难的！根据“for very long”可知此处指长时间保持悲伤，stay“保持，停留”。故填(s)tay。 【热点话题练习】 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is used to help people keep the balance of yin and yang. B 1 have you ever imagined that one day you can learn herb planting and TCM courses at school? A primary school in Nanjing has just o 2 a herb farm. More than 30 herbs are planted. Besides growing herbs, students there are guided by doctors from a TCM hospital to tell d 3 herbs and learn plant development and medicinal value. The hospital has also donated over 100 cartoon books about TCM to help draw children’s a 4 to herbal medicine. Another middle school has i 5 TCM courses to students of all grades. These courses contain a basic k 6 of herbs, herb planting, and cooking with herbs. They give students a deeper understanding of TCM, making them feel p 7 of Chinese traditions and the country’s rich culture. Also in Shanghai, Tongji University has provided foreign students w 8 some chances to plant the different kinds of herbs because these herbs are w 9 used in Chinese medicine and cooking. By taking care of the plants, foreign students can get firsthand experience of making herbal medicine from start to finish, and spread TCM culture to their o 10 countries. The herb planting courses at schools and universities across China get students close to TCM and help pass on the tradition. 【答案】 1．But/ut 2．opened/pened 3．different/ifferent 4．attention/ttention 5．introduced/ntroduced 6．knowledge/nowledge 7．proud/roud 8．with/ith 9．widely/idely 10．own/wn 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国多地学校开设中草药课程或实践活动的现象，旨在让学生亲近中医药文化，传承传统。 1．句意：但是你有没有想过，有一天你可以在学校学习草药种植和中医课程？根据“have you ever imagined that one day you can learn herb planting and TCM courses at school?”可知，此处与上文构成转折关系，表示“但是你有没有想过”。But“但是”，连词，故填But。 2．句意：南京的一所小学刚刚开设了一个草药农场。根据“A primary school in Nanjing has just o... a herb farm.”可知，学校开设了草药农场。open“开设”，动词，has后接过去分词构成现在完成时，故填opened。 3．句意：除了种植草药，那里的学生还在中医医院医生的指导下辨别不同的草药，学习植物发育和药用价值。根据“to tell d... herbs”可知，学生学着辨别不同的草药。different“不同的”，形容词，故填different。 4．句意：该医院还捐赠了100多本关于中医的卡通书，以帮助引起孩子们对草药的注意。根据“to help draw children’s a... in herbal medicine.”可知，目的是引起孩子们对草药的注意。attention“注意”，名词，draw one’s attention“引起某人的注意”，故填attention。 5．句意：另一所中学向所有年级的学生引入了中医课程。根据“Another middle school has i... TCM courses to students of all grades.”可知，学校引入了中医课程。introduce“引入”，动词，has后接过去分词构成现在完成时，故填introduced。 6．句意：这些课程包含草药基础知识、草药种植和草药烹饪。根据“a basic k... of herbs”可知，课程包含草药的基础知识。knowledge“知识”，不可数名词，故填knowledge。 7．句意：它们让学生对中医有了更深的了解，让他们对中国传统和丰富的文化感到自豪。根据“making them feel p... of Chinese traditions”可知，学生对中国传统感到自豪。proud“自豪的”，形容词，feel proud of“对……感到自豪”，故填proud。 8．句意：同样在上海，同济大学为外国学生提供了一些种植不同种类草药的机会。根据“Tongji University has provided foreign students w... some chances”可知，为外国学生提供机会。provide sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”，固定搭配，故填with。 9．句意：因为这些草药广泛用于中医药和烹饪。根据“these herbs are w... used in Chinese medicine and cooking.”可知，草药被广泛使用。widely“广泛地”，副词，修饰动词used，故填widely。 10．句意：通过照料这些植物，外国学生可以亲身体验草药制作的全过程，并将中医文化传播到他们自己的国家。根据“spread TCM culture to their o... countries.”可知，将文化传播到他们自己的国家。own“自己的”，形容词，故填own。 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。 The military parade (阅兵式) to mark the 80th anniversary of the v 1 in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War was s 2 held on September 3, 2025 at Tian’anmen Square in Beijing. The whole parade l 3 70 minutes, with the theme “Remembering the History, Supporting P 4 and Development”. A total of 45 formations took part in it, i 5 soldiers marching on foot, flag guards and aircraft flying in formation. Most of the weapons (武器) which showed China’s rapid progress in defense technology were reviewed for the first time. A highlight (亮点) of the big event was the performance by the military band (乐队). The band was arranged in 14 rows, as the s 6 of the 14 years of the war, and the band had 80 trumpet (小号乐器) p 7 , representing the 80th anniversary. They played famous songs from the wartime period, helping everyone r 8 history. Above all, while watching the military parade, all Chinese are really p 9 of our country and nation. And as a student, I think we should study harder to make our country s 10 in the future. 【答案】 1．victory/ictory 2．successfully/uccessfully 3．lasted/asted 4．Peace/eace 5．including/ncluding 6．symbol/ymbol 7．players/layers 8．remember/emember 9．proud/roud 10．stronger/tronger 【导语】本文主要讲述了2025年9月3日在北京天安门广场举行的纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年阅兵式的相关情况，包括阅兵时长、主题、参与方阵、亮点及意义等。 1．句意：纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年的阅兵式于2025年9月3日在北京天安门广场成功举行。根据“mark the 80th anniversary of the...in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War”及首字母可知，此处指纪念战争胜利，victory“胜利”，名词作宾语。故填victory。 2．句意：纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年的阅兵式于2025年9月3日在北京天安门广场成功举行。根据“The military parade (阅兵式)...held on September 3, 2025 at Tian’anmen Square in Beijing.”及首字母可知，此处指阅兵仪式成功举行，successfully“成功地”，修饰动词held。故填successfully。 3．句意：整个阅兵式持续了70分钟，主题是“铭记历史，维护和平与发展”。根据“The whole parade...70 minutes”可知，此处指阅兵仪式持续了70分钟，last“持续”，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词的过去式。故填lasted。 4．句意：整个阅兵式持续了70分钟，主题是“铭记历史，维护和平与发展”。根据“Remembering the History, Supporting ...and Development”及首字母和常识可知，本阅兵式的主题是“铭记历史，维护和平与发展”，peace“和平”。故填Peace。 5．句意：共有45个方阵参加，包括徒步士兵、护旗队和编队飞行的飞机。根据“...soldiers marching on foot, flag guards and aircraft flying in formation”及首字母可知，此处是补充说明45个方阵包含的内容，including“包括”符合语境，故填including。 6．句意：乐队排成14排，象征着14年的战争，乐队有80名小号手，代表80周年。根据“The band was arranged in 14 rows, as the... of the 14 years of the war”及首字母可知，此处指14排乐队是14年战争的象征，the symbol of“……的象征”，故填symbol。 7．句意：乐队排成14排，象征着14年的战争，乐队有80名小号手，代表80周年。根据“the band had 80 trumpet (小号乐器)...”及首字母可知，此处指乐队有80名小号乐器的“演奏者”，player“演奏者”，被80修饰用名词复数。故填players。 8．句意：他们演奏了战时的著名歌曲，帮助大家铭记历史。根据“They played famous songs from the wartime period”及语境和首字母可知，演奏战时的著名歌曲是帮助每个人“铭记”历史，remember“记住，铭记”，help sb  do sth“帮助某人做某事”，所以空处用动词原形。故填remember。 9．句意：最重要的是，在观看阅兵式时，所有中国人都为我们的国家和民族感到自豪。根据“all Chinese are really...of our country and nation”及首字母可知，此处指为国家和民族感到自豪，be proud of“为……感到自豪”，故填proud。 10．句意：作为一名学生，我认为我们应该更加努力学习，使我们的国家在未来更强大。根据“I think we should study harder to make our country...in the future.”及首字母可知，努力学习是为了使国家更加强大，stronger“更加强大的”。故填stronger。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。 Have you ever noticed how technology has changed the way we live and learn? It’s hard to imagine a world without smartphones, computers, or the Internet. These tools have become an e 1 part of our daily lives, especially for students. Online learning platforms offer a wide v 2 of courses. Students can choose to study subjects that aren’t taught in their regular classrooms, from coding to foreign languages. This helps them develop new skills and b 3 their horizons beyond textbooks. However, online learning also has its challenges. One of the biggest problems is d 4 . With social media and games just a click away, it’s easy for students to lose focus. To avoid this, it’s important to set clear goals and create a quiet study e 5 at home. Another thing to remember is digital safety. We should always be c 6 when sharing personal information online. Never tell strangers your address, phone number, or school name. Protecting yourself online is as important as staying safe in the real world. Teachers also play a key role in guiding students. They design interesting tasks to m 7 students to learn actively. Instead of just giving lectures, many teachers now use videos, quizzes, and group projects to make classes more e 8 . As technology continues to advance, we must learn to use it wisely. It should be a tool to help us grow, not a b 9 to our progress. By balancing online and offline learning, we can make the most of modern technology and become lifelong l 10 . 【答案】 1．essential/ssential 2．variety/ariety 3．broaden/roaden 4．distraction/istraction 5．environment/nvironment 6．careful/areful 7．motivate/otivate 8．engaging/ngaging 9．barrier/arrier 10．learners/earners 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了科技对人们生活和学习方式的改变，重点分析了在线学习平台给学生带来的优势（如丰富课程、拓展视野）与挑战（如注意力分散、数字安全问题），并强调应合理使用科技，平衡线上线下学习，让科技成为成长的工具而非阻碍。 1．句意：这些工具已成为我们日常生活中必不可少的一部分，尤其是对学生而言。根据前文“It’s hard to imagine a world without smartphones, computers, or the Internet”以及首字母提示可知，此处说明科技工具的重要性，应是我们日常生活中必不可少的一部分，essential符合。故填essential。 2．句意：在线学习平台提供各种各样的课程。根据“Students can choose to study subjects that aren’t taught in their regular classrooms, from coding to foreign languages”可知，此处说明课程种类多，“a wide variety of”是固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”，故填variety。 3．句意：这帮助他们培养新技能，并拓宽超越课本的视野。broaden one’s horizons是固定短语，意为“拓宽视野”，与“develop new skills”并列，用动词原形。故填broaden。 4．句意：最大的问题之一是注意力分散。根据“With social media and games just a click away, it’s easy for students to lose focus”可知，说明在线学习的挑战是“注意力分散”，distraction符合。故填distraction。 5．句意：为避免这种情况，设定明确目标并在家创造安静的学习环境很重要。根据“To avoid this, it’s important to set clear goals and create a quiet study…at home.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指学习环境，environment符合。故填environment。 6．句意：我们在网上分享个人信息时应始终保持谨慎。根据“Never tell strangers your address, phone number, or school name.”可知，此处说明分享信息时需要“谨慎”，be careful“小心；谨慎”。故填careful。 7．句意：他们设计有趣的任务来激励学生积极学习。根据“They design interesting tasks to…students to learn actively.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指设计有趣的任务来激励学生积极学习，“motivate sb. to do sth.”意为“激励某人做某事”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填motivate。 8．句意：许多教师不再只是讲课，而是使用视频、测验和小组项目让课堂更有吸引力。根据“Instead of just giving lectures, many teachers now use videos, quizzes, and group projects to make classes more…”以及首字母提示可知，此处指使用视频、测验和小组项目让课堂更有吸引力，engaging“有吸引力的”符合。故填engaging。 9． 句意：它（科技）应该是帮助我们成长的工具，而不是我们进步的障碍。根据“It should be a tool to help us grow, not a …to our progress”以及首字母提示可知，此处指科技不是我们进步的障碍，barrier符合。故填barrier。 10．句意：通过平衡线上和线下学习，我们可以充分利用现代科技，成为终身学习者。全文围绕“学习”展开，强调科技对学习的影响，lifelong learners“终身学习者”，是固定搭配，故填learners。 The customer is always right In 1909, an American named Harry Selfridge went to Britain and opened a store on London’s Oxford Street. It was called Selfridge’s and it offered a new kind of shopping e 1 . It was built like a large palace. Shoppers could walk from floor to floor to buy clothes, furniture, toys and a variety of other items, each in its own department. Selfridge’s “department” store made shopping convenient and enjoyable. It treated its customers like k 2 . As Harry liked to say, “The customer is always right.” Selfridge’s department store idea caught on worldwide. In 1918, the Kwok brothers, from Australia, opened their Yong’an Department Store on Nanjing Road in Shanghai. It’s still there today. However, its f 3 , along with that of other department stores, may be in question. Modern shoppers are giving up on shopping at department stores. I 4 , shoppers are spending their money at specialty stores. They are buying their clothes at Uniqlo and H&M, and their furniture and household goods at IKEA．These specialty stores offer more c 5 , better prices, better services and a better in-store experience. Department stores are also challenged (挑战) b 6 the Internet. The Internet now accounts for (占) 20 percent of all consumer purchases and the number is g 7 every year. If you need evidence (证据), just look at the popularity of Singles’ Day. China, in general, has become a consumer society. People now spend about 30 trillion (万亿) yuan o 8 shopping every year. That’s a lot of money. Stores know that they will have to change if they hope to s 9 . It’s no less true today t 10 it was in Harry Selfridge’s time—the customer is always right. 【答案】 1．experience/xperience 2．kings/ings 3．future/uture 4．Instead/nstead 5．choices/hoices 6．by/y 7．growing/rowing 8．on/n 9．succeed/ucceed 10．than/han 【导语】本文主要讲述如今专卖店和线上购物对百货商店的冲击及百货商店的应对方法。 1．句意：它叫Selfridge，提供了全新的购物体验。根据“It was built like a large palace. Shoppers could walk from floor to floor to buy clothes, furniture, toys and a variety of other items”及首字母提示可知，这里说的是提供了一种全新的购物体验，experience“体验”，是名词。故填experience。 2．句意：它像对待国王一样对待顾客。根据“As Harry liked to say, ‘The customer is always right.’”及首字母提示可知，顾客总是对的，所以是像对待国王一样对待顾客，king“国王”，是名词，此处是表示泛指，名词应用复数形式，故填kings。 3．句意：然而，它和其他百货商店的未来可能会受到质疑。根据“along with that of other department stores, may be in question. Modern shoppers are giving up on shopping at department stores.”及首字母提示可知是它们的未来受到质疑，future“未来”，是名词，故填future。 4．句意：相反，购物者会在专卖店花钱。根据“Modern shoppers are giving up on shopping at department stores.”以及“shoppers are spending their money at specialty stores.”及首字母提示可知表明现在购物者的消费选择与过去在百货商店不同，而是在专卖店消费，此处指的是“相反，反而”，英语是instead，是一个副词，位于句首首字母要大写，故填Instead。 5．句意：这些专卖店提供更多选择，更好的价格，更好的服务和更好的店内体验。根据“These specialty stores offer more...better prices, better services and a better in-store experience.”及首字母提示可知专卖店提供更多的选择，choice“选择”，是名词，more后接复数名词，故填choices。 6．句意：百货公司也受到互联网的挑战。根据“the Internet”及首字母提示可知百货商店受到互联网的挑战，“be challenged by...”是固定短语，意为“受到……的挑战”，故填by。 7．句意：互联网现在占所有消费者购买的20%，而且这个数字每年都在增长。根据“the number is...every year.”及首字母提示和上下文可知，数字每年在增长，grow“增长”，是动词，由“is”及“every year”可知，此处用现在分词构成进行时态的结构，故填growing。 8．句意：人们现在每年在购物上的支出约为30万亿。根据“People now spend about 30 trillion (万亿) yuan...shopping every year”及首字母提示可知，是结构spend money on sth.“把钱花在……上”，故填on。 9．句意：商店知道如果他们希望成功就必须改变。根据“Stores know that they will have to change if they hope to...”及首字母提示可知想要成功就必须要改变，此处指的是“成功”，succeed“成功”，是动词，hope to do sth“希望做某事”，空格应用动词原形，故填succeed。 10．句意：今天和Harry Selfridge时代一样真实——顾客永远是对的。根据“It’s no less true today...it was in Harry Selfridge’s time—the customer is always right.”及首字母提示可知，此处是比较结构，用than，故填than。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Tina loved going to school. She enjoyed learning new things and spending time with her friends. But there was one problem—her schoolwork. Her desk was a mess and she f 1 her schoolbag with books and papers. So it was like a wild jungle (丛林). That made her feel sad and stressed (有压力的) because she often forgot to b 2 the textbooks home or finish her homework on time. One day, Tina’s teacher, Mrs West, noticed her problem and wanted to help her. She introduced Tina to a planner—a small notebook, and she explained it would be u 3 for her to remember and plan her things to do. In it, Tina took down what she n 4 to do for school. She also learned to break big t 5 into small ones. For example, if she had a big project due (预期) in a week, she would write down a little part to do every day. To keep her desk tidy, Tina took Mrs West’s a 6 and bought some colourful folders (文件夹). Each folder was for a different s 7 , like maths, English or science. Tina put her homework in the r 8 one whenever she finished it. This way, she always knew where to find her homework when she wanted to use it. Thanks to Mrs West, Tina got into the lifelong h 9 of getting organised (有条理的). She started finishing her homework on time and felt happy with her changes. Tina got better grades. She also had more time to play and do fun a 10 after school. She even started a study group with her friends from the English club and helped them get organised too! 【答案】 1．filled/illed 2．bring/ring 3．useful/seful 4．needed/eeded 5．tasks/asks 6．advice/dvice 7．subject/ubject 8．right/ight 9．habit/abit 10．activities/ctivities 【导语】本文讲述了学生蒂娜因书桌和书包杂乱无章，常忘记带课本、拖延作业而感到困扰，在老师的帮助下，养成了好习惯，最终改善学业、收获快乐的故事。 1．句意：她的书桌乱糟糟的，书包里装满了书和试卷。根据“ her schoolbag with books and papers”和首字母提示可知，此处应用短语fill...with...“用……装满……”，表示“书包里装满了书和纸”，文章时态为一般过去时，故fill用过去式filled。故填filled。 2．句意：这让她既难过又有压力，因为她经常忘记把课本带回家或者按时完成作业。根据“the textbooks home”和首字母提示可知，此处应用短语bring...home“把……带回家”，表示“带课本回家”，forget to后接动词原形。故填bring。 3．句意：她把一个计划本——即一个小笔记本——介绍给了蒂娜，并解释说，这对她记住和计划要做的事情很有用。根据“it would be...for her”和首字母提示可知，此处表示“计划本很有用”。形容词useful“有用的”符合语境。故填useful。 4．句意：蒂娜在计划本上写下了学校需要完成的任务。根据“what she...to do”和首字母提示可知，此处表示“需要做的事”。动词need“需要”符合语境，文章时态为一般过去时，应用need的过去式needed。故填needed。 5．句意：她还学会了把大任务拆分成小任务。根据“a big project”和首字母提示可知，此处表示“大任务”。名词task“任务”符合语境，此处应用复数形式tasks表泛指。故填tasks。 6．句意：为了保持书桌整洁，蒂娜采纳了韦斯特老师的建议，买了一些彩色文件夹。根据“Each folder was for a different...like maths, English or science. Tina put her homework in the...one whenever she finished it.”和首字母提示可推知，利用彩色的文件夹分类是韦斯特老师提出的建议。不可数名词advice“建议”符合语境，take one’s advice“采纳某人的建议”。故填advice。 7．句意：每个文件夹对应一门不同的学科，比如数学、英语或科学。根据“maths, English or science”和首字母提示可知，此处表示“不同的学科”。名词subject“学科”符合语境，a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填subject。 8．句意：每当完成作业，蒂娜就会把它放进对应的文件夹里。根据“Tina put her homework in the...one”和首字母提示可知，此处表示“把家庭作业放进对应的文件夹里”。形容词right“正确的，适当的”符合语境。故填right。 9．句意：多亏了韦斯特老师，蒂娜养成了保持条理的终生习惯。根据“getting organised (有条理的)”和首字母提示可知，此处表示“养成有条理的习惯”。名词habit“习惯”符合语境，此处应用单数形式表示“一种习惯”；get into the habit of doing sth.“养成做某事的习惯”。故填habit。 10．句意：放学后，她还有了更多时间玩耍、参加有趣的活动。根据“had more time to play”和首字母提示可推知，此处表示“参加有趣的活动”。名词activity“活动”符合语境，此处应用复数形式activities表泛指。故填activities。 阅读短文，填入适当的词使句子意思完整，表达正确。 As the Chinese saying goes, it is better to travel ten thousand miles than read ten thousand books. Travelling can help you r 1 and open your mind. Here are some s 2 that you can follow when you are travelling. Learn the language. Learn some useful sentences or words of your destination (目的地), which help you express (表达) yourself. When you t 3 to different places, it’s important for you to c 4 with people. Enjoy local festivals. Many local people c 5 their festivals. When you have a chance, you can celebrate the festival with the local people in order to know more about customs. Keep clean and tidy. A big problem of travelling is that some people throw rubbish here and there. It is impolite. You should keep your rubbish u 6 you find a dustbin (垃圾箱). Try special food. When you get somewhere new, you can eat something special. Even if you d 7 , please show your respect to the local people and t 8 different dishes. Know about the local culture. Maybe you don’t understand the local language when travelling, but it’s n 9 to know about the local culture. It is a good way to increase your travelling k 10 . 【答案】 1．relax/elax 2．suggestions/uggestions 3．travel/ravel 4．communicate/ommunicate/chat/hat 5．celebrate/elebrate 6．until/ntil 7．dislike/islike 8．try/ry 9．necessary/ecessary 10．knowledge/nowledge 【导语】本文主要讲述了旅行的重要性以及旅行时可以遵循的一些建议。 1．句意：旅行能帮助你放松并开阔思维。根据首字母及“Travelling can help you”可知，旅行可让人放松心情，动词relax“使放松”符合句意，help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，固定搭配。故填relax。 2．句意：以下是一些你在旅行时可以遵循的建议。根据首字母及“Learn the language...Enjoy local festivals...Keep clean and tidy.”可知，后文列举了多条旅行建议，名词suggestion“建议”符合句意，可数名词。some后跟可数名词复数形式。故填suggestions。 3．句意：当你去不同的地方旅行时，与人交流很重要。根据首字母及“to different places,”可知，空处指“去不同地方旅行”，动词travel“旅行”符合句意，因是描述事实，本句时态为一般现在时，从句主语为you，谓语动词用原形。故填travel。 4．句意：当你去不同的地方旅行时，与人交流很重要。根据首字母及“it’s important for you to c...with people.”可知，学习语言的目的就是为了更好地交流，动词communicate/chat符合句意，意为“交流/聊天”，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故填communicate/chat。   5．句意：许多当地人庆祝他们的节日。根据首字母及“you can celebrate the festival...”可知，空处指“庆祝”，动词celebrate“庆祝”符合句意，本文主体时态为一般现在时，主语为名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故填celebrate。 6．句意：你应该把垃圾留着，直到找到垃圾桶。根据首字母及“You should keep your rubbish u...you find a dustbin (垃圾箱).”可知，垃圾应暂时保留直到找到垃圾桶，until“直到”符合句意。  故填until。 7．句意：即使你不喜欢 (当地食物)，也要尊重当地人并尝试不同的菜肴。根据首字母及“please show your respect to the local people”可知，空处指“不喜欢”，动词dislike“不喜欢”符合句意，本文主体时态为一般现在时，从句主语为you，谓语动词用原形。故填dislike。 8．句意：即使你不喜欢 (当地食物)，也要尊重当地人并尝试不同的菜肴。根据首字母及“different dishes.”可知，空处指“尝试不同菜肴”，动词try“尝试”符合句意，空处与动词show表并列，故需动词原形。故填try。 9．句意：可能当旅行时，你不懂当地语言，但了解当地文化是必要的。根据首字母及“but it’s n...to know about the local culture.”可知，虽然语言不通，但了解文化是必要的，形容词necessary“必要的”符合句意，作表语。故填necessary。 10．句意：这是增加你旅行知识的好方法。根据首字母及“It is a good way to increase your travelling...”可知，旅行中积累的是知识。名词knowledge“知识”符合句意。故填knowledge。 Curiosity is essential in human history. The greatest inventions would be impossible w 1 curiosity. Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did a lot of research to try to understand it. For example, he f 2 a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. This i 3 protects buildings from lightning. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space t 4 he invented a “flying chair”! He l 5 his life while testing this invention. Certainly he didn’t die for nothing. People learnt from his example, and created safer ways to explore space. But curiosity is more than just t 6 risks. It also drives people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He s 7 years s 8 the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking t 9 a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after a 10 for us to discover a new world. 【答案】 1．without/ithout 2．flew/lew 3．invention/nvention 4．that/hat 5．lost/ost 6．taking/aking 7．spent/pent 8．studying/tudying 9．through/hrough 10．another/nother 【导语】本文主要讲述了好奇心在人类历史中的重要性，并通过多个例子说明好奇心如何推动科学发现和发明创造。 1．句意：没有好奇心就不可能有伟大的发明。根据“Curiosity is essential in human history. The greatest inventions would be impossible...curiosity.”和首字母提示可知，好奇心很重要，没有好奇心就没有伟大的发明，空处应是介词without“没有”。故填without。 2．句意：例如，他曾在暴风雨中放风筝。根据“he...a kite”和首字母提示可知，此处指放风筝，fly a kite“放风筝”，结合上下文可知，句子时态用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填flew。 3．句意：这项发明能保护建筑物免受雷击。根据“His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. This...protects buildings from lightning.”和首字母提示可知，此处指避雷针这项发明，invention“发明”，this后接其单数形式。故填invention。 4．句意：他对太空非常好奇，以至于发明了一把“飞行椅”！根据“He was so curious about space…he invented a ‘flying chair’!”可知，此处是so...that...“太……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。 5．句意：他在测试这项发明时不幸丧生。根据“He...his life while testing this invention.”和首字母提示可知，此处指失去了生命，lose“失去”，结合上下文可知，句子时态用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填lost。 6．句意：但好奇心远不止是冒险。根据“But curiosity is more than just...risks.”和首字母提示可知，好奇心不止是冒险，take risks“冒险”，空处应是动名词形式taking，作表语。故填taking。 7．句意：他花了多年时间研究天地。根据“He...years...the sky and the earth.”和首字母提示可知，此处指“花费时间做某事”，是短语spend time doing，结合上下文可知，句子时态用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填spent。 8．句意：他花了多年时间研究天地。根据“He...years...the sky and the earth.”和首字母提示可知，此处指研究天和地，study“研究”，spend time doing是固定短语，空处使用动词-ing形式。故填studying。 9．句意：科学家就是一个充满好奇心的人，正透过一扇锁孔，大自然的锁孔，努力想弄明白里面正在发生什么。根据“It is a curious man looking...a keyhole”和首字母提示可知，此处指透过锁孔看，look through“透过……看”。故填through。 10．句意：它为我们打开了一扇又一扇大门，让我们去发现一个崭新的世界。one after another“接连地”，是固定表达。故填another。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Around the age of 3, children discover a magical word—why. By learning this simple three-letter question word, they begin to learn a 1 the world around them. And just as importantly, they also learn how to t 2 with others. Asking “why” is the beginning of b 3 education and socialization (社交)． Later, after learning “why”, children will learn other question words—who, what, when, where, how... During their whole school years, some s 4 , however, may seem a little shy about asking questions. They are afraid of speaking in public or they don’t want to look stupid. Actually, i 5 one person doesn’t understand something in the class, perhaps the others don’t either. Outside the class, it’s a good way for people to ask questions to b 6 friendships quickly and become successful in social situations. When you talk with others, asking questions s 7 that you’re interested in the other person and subject. As a result, you will become more popular. For some professionals (专业人士), such as reporters and d 8 , it is so important to ask questions that it’s specifically (明确地) taught as a skill before they are officially on the job. A reporter has to ask the right questions to get the w 9 story of an event (事件). And a doctor has to learn how to ask questions in order to treat a patient’s illness. There is a belief that when people are y 10 , they like to ask questions; as they grow older, however, people of all ages probably pay more attention to conclusions (结论). I hope you’ll never become one of those people. So, now that you’ve read this article, do you have any questions? 【答案】 1．(a)bout 2．(t)alk 3．(b)oth 4．(s)tudents 5．(i)f 6．(b)uild 7．(s)hows 8．(d)octors 9．(w)hole 10．(y)oung 【导语】本文从学生学习、人们的日常生活两方面来介绍提问的好处及重要性，鼓励人们不论年龄大小都应积极地去提问，而不应过度重视问题的结论。 1．句意：通过学习这个简单的三个字母的疑问词，他们开始了解他们周围的世界。分析句子结构可知此处缺少介词。根据“they begin to learn...the world around them. ”并结合首字母提示可知，此处用固定搭配learn about，意为“了解”，故填(a)bout。 2．句意：同样重要的是，他们也学会了如何与他人交谈。分析句子结构可知此处缺少动词。根据how to...with others.”可知，此处指的是与他人交流，空前为不定式符号to，此处应填动词原形。故填(t)alk。 3．句意：问“为什么”是教育和社会化的开始。分析句子结构可知此处缺少副词。根据“education and socialization (社交)”并结合首字母提示可知，此处表示“两者都”，both符合语境，both...and...意为“既……又……”，为固定搭配。故填(b)oth。 4．句意：然而，在整个学年里，有些学生似乎有点害羞，不敢问问题。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词。根据句中的“school years”并结合空处前面的“some”，以及首字母提示可知，此处用student的复数形式。故填(s)tudents。 5．句意：实际上，如果一个人不懂课堂上的内容，可能其他人也不懂。分析句子结构可知此处缺少连词。根据句意并结合首字母提示可知，if符合语境，此处引导的是条件状语从句。故填(i)f。 6．句意：在课堂之外，提问是一个让人们快速建立友谊并成功应对社交场合的好方法。分析句子结构可知此处缺少动词。根据句中的“friendships”并结合首字母提示可知，此处表示“建立友谊”，build符合语境，且空前为不定式符号to，此处应填动词原形。故填(b)uild。 7．句意：当你与他人交谈时，提问能表明你对对方以及所谈话题感兴趣。分析句子结构可知此处缺少谓语动词。根据主语“asking questions”并结合首字母提示可知，此处表示“表明，展示”，用show的三单形式。故填(s)hows。 8．句意：对于一些专业人士，比如记者和医生来说，提问的重要性不言而喻，他们甚至在正式上岗前就会专门学习如何提问这一技能。分析句子结构可知此处缺少名词。根据下文“And a doctor has to learn how to ask questions in order to treat a patient's illness.”并结合首字母提示可知，此处用doctor的复数形式，表示“医生”。故填(d)octors。 9．句意：记者必须提出恰当的问题，以全面了解某一事件的全貌。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作定语。根据句意并结合首字母提示可知，whole符合语境，指的是整体情况。故填(w)hole。 10．句意：有一种观点认为，年轻人喜欢提出问题；然而随着年龄的增长，各个年龄段的人都可能会更注重结论。分析句子结构可知此处缺少形容词作表语。根据下文“as they grow older”并结合首字母提示可知，young“年轻的”符合语境。故填(y)oung。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 If you lie awake at night, thinking over a decision you made earlier that day or worrying about tomorrow’s to-do list, you might be overthinking. Overthinking means going over the s 1 thought again and again, thinking about the simplest things too much. But why do people overthink? According to The Conversation, our thinking comes from one of our primitive instincts (原始本能). The primitive mind will always see things in the worst way. Our brains (大脑) are always looking for possible dangers, to make a plan to a 2 those dangers and keep us safe. Those possible dangers in mind may come from past experiences o 3 something we imagine could happen in the future. Some people believe that overthinking may be h 4 because it helps us look at a problem in many ways and get ready for what might happen. H 5 , research suggests that overthinking can make us feel worried or sad. What’s more, overthinking can hurt relationships. Thinking the worst and making wrong guesses can lead to t 6 with other people. Worrying about every little thing other people do and say can also mean that you misunderstand their m 7 . So, don’t sit and think about a problem endlessly. Instead, make yourself do something else. Your brain might find better ways to solve the problem while you’re doing something fun, l 8 gardening. Also, when you find yourself overthinking, face these thoughts. Ask yourself if they make sense and think about other possibilities. It can be d 9 at first, but learning to identify (识别) your overthinking can help you c 10 bad thoughts into better ones. Thinking is a two-way street. While the brain may produce many thoughts, in the end, it’s up to us to decide if we accept them. 【答案】 1．(s)ame 2．(a)void 3．(o)r 4．(h)elpful 5．(H)owever 6．(t)rouble 7．(m)eaning 8．(l)ike 9．(d)ifficult 10．(c)hange 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了“过度思考”的现象、原因及其影响，并给出了应对建议。 1．句意：过度思考意味着一遍又一遍地重复同样的想法，对最简单的事情想得太多。这里需要一个形容词修饰“thought”。根据“going over...again and again”可知是同样的想法，same表示“相同的”。故填(s)ame。 2．句意：我们的大脑总是在寻找可能的危险，制定一个计划来避开那些危险，保护我们的安全。“to”后接动词原形构成动词不定式表目的。根据“keep us safe”可知是避开危险，avoid表示“避免，避开”。故填(a)void。 3．句意：脑海中的那些可能的危险可能来自过去的经历或者我们想象未来可能发生的事情。这里需要一个连词连接“past experiences”和“something we imagine could happen in the future”，表示选择关系，or表示“或者”。故填(o)r。 4．句意：一些人认为过度思考可能是有帮助的，因为它帮助我们从很多方面看待一个问题，并为可能发生的事情做好准备。be动词后接形容词作表语。根据 “because it helps us...”可知是有帮助的，helpful表示“有帮助的”。故填(h)elpful。 5．句意：然而，研究表明过度思考会让我们感到担忧或悲伤。这里需要一个副词，上文说过度思考有帮助，下文说过度思考有负面作用，是转折关系，However 表示“然而”。故填(H)owever。 6．句意：往最坏的方面想并做出错误的猜测会导致与他人的麻烦。“lead to”后接名词，根据“Thinking the worst and making wrong guesses can lead to ... with other people.”可知是导致和别人之间的麻烦，trouble表示“麻烦”，这里用单数形式。故填(t)rouble。 7．句意：担心别人做的和说的每一件小事也可能意味着你误解了他们的意思。“their”是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，根据“misunderstand”可知是误解意思，meaning表示“意思”。故填(m)eaning。 8．句意：当你在做一些有趣的事情，比如园艺的时候，你的大脑可能会找到更好的方法来解决这个问题。根据“Your brain might find better ways to solve the problem while you’re doing something fun ... gardening.”可知，这里需要一个介词表示举例，like表示“像，比如”。故填(l)ike。 9．句意：一开始可能会很困难，但是学会识别你的过度思考可以帮助你把坏的想法变成更好的想法。be动词后接形容词作表语，根据“It can be ... at first”可知一开始面对过度思考的想法是困难的，difficult表示“困难的”。故填(d)ifficult。 10．句意：一开始可能会很困难，但是学会识别你的过度思考可以帮助你把坏的想法变成更好的想法。“help sb. do sth.”，这里需要一个动词，change...into...表示 “把……变成……”。故填(c)hange。 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。 The world is changing very fast. Scientific technologies are now influencing a 1 every field of life. A scientist once said that success in developing scientific technologies would be one of the biggest events in human history, but he thought some of them might also be the last unless we learn to avoid the risks. For m 2   society, scientific technologies are amazing but humans may face a lot of challenges. Will humans be controlled by scientific technologies in the future? Some people say “Yes”. They think humans will be under control completely. I 3 computers are implanted (植入) inside brains, things will be much worse. With the d 4 of technologies, robots have taken the place of humans in some fields and it may make some people l 5 their jobs. What’s more, data centres need a large amount of energy to run. At the same time, it produces so much h 6 all the time that a great deal of water is used for cooling. All these may be the risks the scientist referred to. However, other people don’t a 7 . They are hopeful about the relationship between scientific technologies and humans. They say that scientific technologies have done much for us and made our daily lives much easier. They can free people from doing housework, writing articles or e 8 making films. For example, some technologies can change words into short videos easily and make it p 9 for some common people to be directors. Every coin has two sides. Rather than worrying about the risks of scientific technologies, we should learn to use them in a w 10 way and manage them well. 【答案】 1．(a)lmost 2．(m)odern 3．(I)f 4．(d)evelopment 5．(l)ose 6．(h)eat 7．(a)gree 8．(e)ven 9．(p)ossible 10．(w)ise 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学技术现在几乎影响着生活的各个领域，但人类可能面临很多挑战。凡事都有两面性，与其担心科学技术的风险，我们应该学会明智地使用它们并做好管理。 1．句意：科学技术现在几乎影响着生活的各个领域。根据“every field of life”可知科技几乎影响生活的各个领域，almost“几乎”。故填(a)lmost。 2．句意：对于现代社会来说，科学技术是惊人的，但人类可能面临很多挑战。根据“For...society”可知是对于现代社会，modern“现代的”。故填(m)odern。 3．句意：如果电脑被植入大脑，情况会更糟。前句是后句的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故填(I)f。 4．句意：随着技术的发展，机器人在某些领域已经取代了人类，这可能会让一些人失去工作。根据“of technologies”可知是随着科技的发展，with the development of“随着……的发展”。故填(d)evelopment。 5．句意：随着技术的发展，机器人在某些领域已经取代了人类，这可能会让一些人失去工作。根据“robots have taken the place of humans in some fields”可知机器人取代人类，一些人可能会失去工作，lose“失去”，make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填(l)ose。 6．句意：与此同时，它总是产生大量的热量，以至于需要大量的水来冷却。根据“a great deal of water is used for cooling”可知需要冷却，可见产生了大量的热量，heat“热量”，不可数名词。故填(h)eat。 7．句意：然而，其他人并不同意。根据“However, other people don’t”可知转折词后表示其他人不同意上文的看法，agree“同意”，助动词don’t后加动词原形。故填(a)gree。 8．句意：它们可以让人们从做家务、写文章甚至拍电影中解放出来。根据“doing housework, writing articles or...making films”可知机器人可以做家务、写文章，甚至是拍电影，even“甚至”。故填(e)ven。 9．句意：例如，一些技术可以轻松地将文字转换为短视频，并使一些普通人成为导演。根据“or some common people to be directors.”可知科学技术可以让普通人成为导演变得可能，possible“可能的”。故填(p)ossible。 10．句意：与其担心科学技术的风险，我们应该学会明智地使用它们并做好管理。根据“we should learn to use them in a...way”可知我们要明智地使用科学技术，修饰名词用形容词wise“明智的”。故填(w)ise。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Body language is an important form of communication that is used everywhere, a 371 we don’t often think about it. Some messages are understood by people around the world just because they are not c 372 by words. For example, in many countries, people nod their heads to show agreement and they put their fingers up to their mouths to ask for s 373 . H 374 , body language is used differently in different cultures. For example, in some western cultures, people shrug (耸肩) their shoulders to show they don’t understand or they don’t care about something. This isn’t common in o 375 places. In Japan, people b 1 to show respect (尊敬) when they greet each other or say goodbye. This isn’t done in the West.    Sometimes, people think they know about the body language customs of certain cultures, but in fact, they don’t know enough. Kissing is an example that we need to l 377 about. In many European cultures, women and children are kissed on each cheek (脸颊) by family members or friends when they m 378 in the street. New friends are often greeted with a kiss on the cheek by Europeans at parties. In the Middle East, you must be c 379 about your feet. It is very rude to show the bottom of your shoes when you rest one leg on t 380 of the other. It is also not polite to touch people with your shoes. So, as we can see, body language is just as important as spoken language when we communicate with people from other cultures. 【答案】 1．(a)lthough 2．(c)ommunicated 3．(s)ilence 4．(H)owever 5．(o)ther 6．(b)ow   7．(l)earn 8．(m)eet 9．(c)areful 10．(t)op 【导语】本文主要介绍了肢体语言的重要性，以及在不同的文化中，肢体语言的使用是不同的。 1．句意：肢体语言是一种重要的交流方式，无处不在，尽管我们不经常想到它。根据“we don’t often think about it.”以及首字母可知，although“尽管”符合语境。故填(a)lthough。 2．句意：有些信息被世界各地的人们所理解，只是因为它们不是通过语言交流的。根据“by words.”以及首字母可知，communicate“交流”符合语境，与“they”之间存在被动关系，因此填过去分词。故填(c)ommunicated。 3．句意：例如，在许多国家，人们点头表示同意，他们把手指放在嘴边要求安静。根据“and they put their fingers up to their mouths to ask for”以及首字母可知，silence“安静”符合语境，不可数名词。故填(s)ilence。 4．句意：然而，在不同的文化中，肢体语言的使用是不同的。根据“body language is used differently in different cultures.”以及首字母可知，后文语境发生了变化，however“然而”符合题意。故填(H)owever。 5．句意：这在其他地方并不常见。根据“places”以及首字母可知，other“其他的”，修饰places，这里指的是其他的地方。故填(o)ther。 6．句意：在日本，人们在互相问候或道别时鞠躬以示尊重。根据“to show respect (尊敬)”以及首字母可知，bow“鞠躬”符合语境，该句描述客观事实，为一般现在时，主语是“people”，动词填原形。故填(b)ow。 7．句意：亲吻是我们需要学习的一个例子。根据“about”以及首字母可知，learn符合语境，learn about“学习”，need to do“需要做某事”，因此设空处填动词原形。故填(l)earn。 8．句意：在许多欧洲文化中，当家人或朋友在街上相遇时，他们会亲吻妇女和儿童的脸颊。根据“when they…in the street.”以及首字母可知，meet“见面”符合语境，该句陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语是“they”，动词填原形。故填(m)eet。 9．句意：在中东，你必须小心你的脚。根据“It is very rude to show the bottom of your shoes”以及首字母可知，careful“小心的”符合语境，作表语。故填(c)areful。 10．句意：当你把一条腿放在另一条腿上时，露出鞋底是非常不礼貌的。根据“when you rest one leg on…of the other.”以及首字母可知，此处指的是把你的一条腿放在另一条腿的上面，top“上面”符合语境。故填(t)op。 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Balloons are a symbol of celebration. People love to release (放) colorful balloons for special events (事件), such as f 1 and ceremonies. Colorful balloons may look pretty, b 2 they can bring about some serious problems. After balloons are released, they can end up hundreds of kilometers away f 3 where they were released, causing great harm to the environment and wildlife. They can fly a 4 everywhere, including waterways, oceans, mountains and farmlands. Well, in our daily life, there are two types of balloons. Most of the balloons we use are latex (乳 胶) balloons. In fact, i 5 will take them six months to four years to decompose (分解) and they can cause pollution before they do. The other one is Mylar (聚酯薄膜) balloons. They are a k 6 of plastic balloons which can not be decomposed and can stay in the environment forever. Similar to plastic bags, the Mylar balloons break into smaller pieces in the sun. All of these materials can add to the amount of plastic w 7 in our environment. At the same time, it can result the death of animals. Sea animals, such as whales, sea birds often mistake balloon pieces for food, and if eaten, those pieces can make them h 8 to breathe and then cause them to die. Even worse, some birds are collecting balloon pieces, thinking that they are food, and even f 9 them to their babies So, don’t release balloons any more in order to r 10 the pollution and protect animals. Small step we take can make the world better, healthier and cleaner. 【答案】 1．(f)estivals 2．(b)ut 3．(f)rom 4．(a)lmost 5．(i)t 6．(k)ind 7．(w)aste 8．(h)ard 9．(f)eeding 10．(r)educe 【导语】本文主要是介绍气球虽然好看，但是也会带来严重的环境问题。呼吁人们重视起来，采取行动，让世界更美好、更干净。 1．句意：人们喜欢在节日和仪式等特殊场合放飞彩色气球。根据“People love to release (放) colorful balloons for special events”及首字母f可推出会在节日时放气球，festival“节日”，结合“ceremonies”可知此处用复数。故填(f)estivals。 2．句意：五颜六色的气球可能看起来很漂亮，但它们会带来一些严重的问题。前后句意出现转折，用but表示“但是”。故填(b)ut。 3．句意：气球被放飞后，它们可能会飞到离放飞地点数百公里以外的地方，对环境和野生动物造成极大的危害。away from“远离”。故填(f)rom。 4．句意：它们几乎可以飞到任何地方，包括水道、海洋、山脉和农田。根据“including waterways, oceans, mountains and farmlands”可知是几乎所有地方，用almost表示“几乎”。故填(a)lmost。 5．句意：事实上，它们需要六个月到四年的时间才能分解，而且在分解之前就会造成污染。it will take sb. some time to do sth.“做某事将会花费某人多少时间”。故填(i)t。 6．句意：它们是一种不能分解的塑料气球，可以永远留在环境中。a kind of“一种”。故填(k)ind。 7．句意：所有这些材料都会增加我们环境中的塑料垃圾数量。根据“Similar to plastic bags, the Mylar balloons break into smaller pieces in the sun.”可知会增加塑料垃圾，waste“垃圾”，不可数名词。故填(w)aste。 8．句意：海洋动物，如鲸鱼、海鸟经常把气球碎片误认为食物，如果被吃掉，这些碎片会使它们呼吸困难，然后导致它们死亡。根据“Sea animals, such as whales, sea birds often mistake balloon pieces for food, and if eaten”结合常识可推出吃了气球碎片，会难以呼吸，hard“困难的”，形容词作宾语补足语。故填(h)ard。 9．句意：更糟糕的是，一些鸟正在收集气球碎片，认为它们是食物，甚至把它们喂给它们的宝宝。and连接并列结构，与thinking保持一致，结合“thinking that they are food, and even f... them to their babies”可推出是当成食物喂给宝宝，用feeding。故填(f)eeding。 10．句意：所以，为了减少污染和保护动物，不要再放气球了。根据“don’t release balloons any more”及上文放气球的危害可推出是为了减少污染，reduce“减少”，in order to do sth.“为了做某事”。故填(r)educe。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型08 短文首字母填空15篇 (天津专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,描绘天气 2 适中 科普知识 3 适中 哲理感悟 4 适中 教育,说明文,中华文化 5 适中 国家与民族,新闻报道 6 适中 科学技术,议论文 7 较难 市场与经济,说明文 8 适中 自我管理,方法/策略,记叙文 9 适中 意见/建议,旅行,说明文 10 适中 发明与创造,说明文 11 较易 学习策略,方法/策略 12 适中 意见/建议 13 较难 科学技术 14 适中 体态语,文化差异 15 适中 环境保护,环境污染 【中考真题】 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Today the earth is getting warmer and warmer. But hundreds of years a 1 , people had a different problem—a 400-year cold period! From the 1400s to the 1800s, winters in the northern half of the earth were c 2 and longer than they are now. Scientists c 3 this time the “Little Ice Age” (小冰期). The colder weather b 4 many serious problems. Plants died of cold and illness spread among people. People had to spend a lot more time collecting wood for fires to keep their house warm. And sometimes, a h 5 piece of ice would slide down (滑落) a mountain and destroy (摧毁) some villages. Scientists think the Little Ice Age was caused by forces (力量) that people could not control. One cause (起因), in their opinion, was the sun. The sun often has “storms” of energy called sunspots (太阳黑子). During the Little Ice Age, there were fewer sunspots than there are t 6 . With fewer sunspots, the sun was giving out less e 7 which made the earth warm. Volcanic eruption (火山爆发) was probably a 8 natural cause. During the Little Ice Age, many volcanoes erupted. Their dust (灰尘) might stop the sun’s l 9 and heat from reaching the earth. Today we are seeing the influences of rising temperature. Scientists think people are causing this change by b 10 a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters (遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p 1 them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’. These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e 2 for them. They had to move from place to place to s 3 for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find a 4 to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw (生的) food u 5 they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c 6 their bodies. However, the lives of the ‘cave people’ changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g 7 in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a 8 for milk, meat and skins. They became f 9 and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became l 10 than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized (文明的). 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is p 1 with some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good r 2 to smile often. First, it is e 3 to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles (肌肉) to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your f 4 a rest and smile! Second, smiles are nice. People may try to l 5 nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However, people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be a 6 someone who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy. Third, smiles have power (感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s 7 from one person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person laughs, people tend (往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is s 8 , the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up. F 9 , smiling and laughing are very good for the body. Even though you are sad, try smiling. You’ll find that it will be difficult to s 10 sad for very long! 【热点话题练习】 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is used to help people keep the balance of yin and yang. B 1 have you ever imagined that one day you can learn herb planting and TCM courses at school? A primary school in Nanjing has just o 2 a herb farm. More than 30 herbs are planted. Besides growing herbs, students there are guided by doctors from a TCM hospital to tell d 3 herbs and learn plant development and medicinal value. The hospital has also donated over 100 cartoon books about TCM to help draw children’s a 4 to herbal medicine. Another middle school has i 5 TCM courses to students of all grades. These courses contain a basic k 6 of herbs, herb planting, and cooking with herbs. They give students a deeper understanding of TCM, making them feel p 7 of Chinese traditions and the country’s rich culture. Also in Shanghai, Tongji University has provided foreign students w 8 some chances to plant the different kinds of herbs because these herbs are w 9 used in Chinese medicine and cooking. By taking care of the plants, foreign students can get firsthand experience of making herbal medicine from start to finish, and spread TCM culture to their o 10 countries. The herb planting courses at schools and universities across China get students close to TCM and help pass on the tradition. 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。 The military parade (阅兵式) to mark the 80th anniversary of the v 1 in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War was s 2 held on September 3, 2025 at Tian’anmen Square in Beijing. The whole parade l 3 70 minutes, with the theme “Remembering the History, Supporting P 4 and Development”. A total of 45 formations took part in it, i 5 soldiers marching on foot, flag guards and aircraft flying in formation. Most of the weapons (武器) which showed China’s rapid progress in defense technology were reviewed for the first time. A highlight (亮点) of the big event was the performance by the military band (乐队). The band was arranged in 14 rows, as the s 6 of the 14 years of the war, and the band had 80 trumpet (小号乐器) p 7 , representing the 80th anniversary. They played famous songs from the wartime period, helping everyone r 8 history. Above all, while watching the military parade, all Chinese are really p 9 of our country and nation. And as a student, I think we should study harder to make our country s 10 in the future. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。 Have you ever noticed how technology has changed the way we live and learn? It’s hard to imagine a world without smartphones, computers, or the Internet. These tools have become an e 1 part of our daily lives, especially for students. Online learning platforms offer a wide v 2 of courses. Students can choose to study subjects that aren’t taught in their regular classrooms, from coding to foreign languages. This helps them develop new skills and b 3 their horizons beyond textbooks. However, online learning also has its challenges. One of the biggest problems is d 4 . With social media and games just a click away, it’s easy for students to lose focus. To avoid this, it’s important to set clear goals and create a quiet study e 5 at home. Another thing to remember is digital safety. We should always be c 6 when sharing personal information online. Never tell strangers your address, phone number, or school name. Protecting yourself online is as important as staying safe in the real world. Teachers also play a key role in guiding students. They design interesting tasks to m 7 students to learn actively. Instead of just giving lectures, many teachers now use videos, quizzes, and group projects to make classes more e 8 . As technology continues to advance, we must learn to use it wisely. It should be a tool to help us grow, not a b 9 to our progress. By balancing online and offline learning, we can make the most of modern technology and become lifelong l 10 . The customer is always right In 1909, an American named Harry Selfridge went to Britain and opened a store on London’s Oxford Street. It was called Selfridge’s and it offered a new kind of shopping e 1 . It was built like a large palace. Shoppers could walk from floor to floor to buy clothes, furniture, toys and a variety of other items, each in its own department. Selfridge’s “department” store made shopping convenient and enjoyable. It treated its customers like k 2 . As Harry liked to say, “The customer is always right.” Selfridge’s department store idea caught on worldwide. In 1918, the Kwok brothers, from Australia, opened their Yong’an Department Store on Nanjing Road in Shanghai. It’s still there today. However, its f 3 , along with that of other department stores, may be in question. Modern shoppers are giving up on shopping at department stores. I 4 , shoppers are spending their money at specialty stores. They are buying their clothes at Uniqlo and H&M, and their furniture and household goods at IKEA．These specialty stores offer more c 5 , better prices, better services and a better in-store experience. Department stores are also challenged (挑战) b 6 the Internet. The Internet now accounts for (占) 20 percent of all consumer purchases and the number is g 7 every year. If you need evidence (证据), just look at the popularity of Singles’ Day. China, in general, has become a consumer society. People now spend about 30 trillion (万亿) yuan o 8 shopping every year. That’s a lot of money. Stores know that they will have to change if they hope to s 9 . It’s no less true today t 10 it was in Harry Selfridge’s time—the customer is always right. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Tina loved going to school. She enjoyed learning new things and spending time with her friends. But there was one problem—her schoolwork. Her desk was a mess and she f 1 her schoolbag with books and papers. So it was like a wild jungle (丛林). That made her feel sad and stressed (有压力的) because she often forgot to b 2 the textbooks home or finish her homework on time. One day, Tina’s teacher, Mrs West, noticed her problem and wanted to help her. She introduced Tina to a planner—a small notebook, and she explained it would be u 3 for her to remember and plan her things to do. In it, Tina took down what she n 4 to do for school. She also learned to break big t 5 into small ones. For example, if she had a big project due (预期) in a week, she would write down a little part to do every day. To keep her desk tidy, Tina took Mrs West’s a 6 and bought some colourful folders (文件夹). Each folder was for a different s 7 , like maths, English or science. Tina put her homework in the r 8 one whenever she finished it. This way, she always knew where to find her homework when she wanted to use it. Thanks to Mrs West, Tina got into the lifelong h 9 of getting organised (有条理的). She started finishing her homework on time and felt happy with her changes. Tina got better grades. She also had more time to play and do fun a 10 after school. She even started a study group with her friends from the English club and helped them get organised too! 阅读短文，填入适当的词使句子意思完整，表达正确。 As the Chinese saying goes, it is better to travel ten thousand miles than read ten thousand books. Travelling can help you r 1 and open your mind. Here are some s 2 that you can follow when you are travelling. Learn the language. Learn some useful sentences or words of your destination (目的地), which help you express (表达) yourself. When you t 3 to different places, it’s important for you to c 4 with people. Enjoy local festivals. Many local people c 5 their festivals. When you have a chance, you can celebrate the festival with the local people in order to know more about customs. Keep clean and tidy. A big problem of travelling is that some people throw rubbish here and there. It is impolite. You should keep your rubbish u 6 you find a dustbin (垃圾箱). Try special food. When you get somewhere new, you can eat something special. Even if you d 7 , please show your respect to the local people and t 8 different dishes. Know about the local culture. Maybe you don’t understand the local language when travelling, but it’s n 9 to know about the local culture. It is a good way to increase your travelling k 10 . Curiosity is essential in human history. The greatest inventions would be impossible w 1 curiosity. Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did a lot of research to try to understand it. For example, he f 2 a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod. This i 3 protects buildings from lightning. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space t 4 he invented a “flying chair”! He l 5 his life while testing this invention. Certainly he didn’t die for nothing. People learnt from his example, and created safer ways to explore space. But curiosity is more than just t 6 risks. It also drives people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He s 7 years s 8 the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking t 9 a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after a 10 for us to discover a new world. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Around the age of 3, children discover a magical word—why. By learning this simple three-letter question word, they begin to learn a 1 the world around them. And just as importantly, they also learn how to t 2 with others. Asking “why” is the beginning of b 3 education and socialization (社交)． Later, after learning “why”, children will learn other question words—who, what, when, where, how... During their whole school years, some s 4 , however, may seem a little shy about asking questions. They are afraid of speaking in public or they don’t want to look stupid. Actually, i 5 one person doesn’t understand something in the class, perhaps the others don’t either. Outside the class, it’s a good way for people to ask questions to b 6 friendships quickly and become successful in social situations. When you talk with others, asking questions s 7 that you’re interested in the other person and subject. As a result, you will become more popular. For some professionals (专业人士), such as reporters and d 8 , it is so important to ask questions that it’s specifically (明确地) taught as a skill before they are officially on the job. A reporter has to ask the right questions to get the w 9 story of an event (事件). And a doctor has to learn how to ask questions in order to treat a patient’s illness. There is a belief that when people are y 10 , they like to ask questions; as they grow older, however, people of all ages probably pay more attention to conclusions (结论). I hope you’ll never become one of those people. So, now that you’ve read this article, do you have any questions? 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 If you lie awake at night, thinking over a decision you made earlier that day or worrying about tomorrow’s to-do list, you might be overthinking. Overthinking means going over the s 1 thought again and again, thinking about the simplest things too much. But why do people overthink? According to The Conversation, our thinking comes from one of our primitive instincts (原始本能). The primitive mind will always see things in the worst way. Our brains (大脑) are always looking for possible dangers, to make a plan to a 2 those dangers and keep us safe. Those possible dangers in mind may come from past experiences o 3 something we imagine could happen in the future. Some people believe that overthinking may be h 4 because it helps us look at a problem in many ways and get ready for what might happen. H 5 , research suggests that overthinking can make us feel worried or sad. What’s more, overthinking can hurt relationships. Thinking the worst and making wrong guesses can lead to t 6 with other people. Worrying about every little thing other people do and say can also mean that you misunderstand their m 7 . So, don’t sit and think about a problem endlessly. Instead, make yourself do something else. Your brain might find better ways to solve the problem while you’re doing something fun, l 8 gardening. Also, when you find yourself overthinking, face these thoughts. Ask yourself if they make sense and think about other possibilities. It can be d 9 at first, but learning to identify (识别) your overthinking can help you c 10 bad thoughts into better ones. Thinking is a two-way street. While the brain may produce many thoughts, in the end, it’s up to us to decide if we accept them. 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。 The world is changing very fast. Scientific technologies are now influencing a 1 every field of life. A scientist once said that success in developing scientific technologies would be one of the biggest events in human history, but he thought some of them might also be the last unless we learn to avoid the risks. For m 2   society, scientific technologies are amazing but humans may face a lot of challenges. Will humans be controlled by scientific technologies in the future? Some people say “Yes”. They think humans will be under control completely. I 3 computers are implanted (植入) inside brains, things will be much worse. With the d 4 of technologies, robots have taken the place of humans in some fields and it may make some people l 5 their jobs. What’s more, data centres need a large amount of energy to run. At the same time, it produces so much h 6 all the time that a great deal of water is used for cooling. All these may be the risks the scientist referred to. However, other people don’t a 7 . They are hopeful about the relationship between scientific technologies and humans. They say that scientific technologies have done much for us and made our daily lives much easier. They can free people from doing housework, writing articles or e 8 making films. For example, some technologies can change words into short videos easily and make it p 9 for some common people to be directors. Every coin has two sides. Rather than worrying about the risks of scientific technologies, we should learn to use them in a w 10 way and manage them well. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Body language is an important form of communication that is used everywhere, a 371 we don’t often think about it. Some messages are understood by people around the world just because they are not c 372 by words. For example, in many countries, people nod their heads to show agreement and they put their fingers up to their mouths to ask for s 373 . H 374 , body language is used differently in different cultures. For example, in some western cultures, people shrug (耸肩) their shoulders to show they don’t understand or they don’t care about something. This isn’t common in o 375 places. In Japan, people b 1 to show respect (尊敬) when they greet each other or say goodbye. This isn’t done in the West.    Sometimes, people think they know about the body language customs of certain cultures, but in fact, they don’t know enough. Kissing is an example that we need to l 377 about. In many European cultures, women and children are kissed on each cheek (脸颊) by family members or friends when they m 378 in the street. New friends are often greeted with a kiss on the cheek by Europeans at parties. In the Middle East, you must be c 379 about your feet. It is very rude to show the bottom of your shoes when you rest one leg on t 380 of the other. It is also not polite to touch people with your shoes. So, as we can see, body language is just as important as spoken language when we communicate with people from other cultures. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Balloons are a symbol of celebration. People love to release (放) colorful balloons for special events (事件), such as f 1 and ceremonies. Colorful balloons may look pretty, b 2 they can bring about some serious problems. After balloons are released, they can end up hundreds of kilometers away f 3 where they were released, causing great harm to the environment and wildlife. They can fly a 4 everywhere, including waterways, oceans, mountains and farmlands. Well, in our daily life, there are two types of balloons. Most of the balloons we use are latex (乳 胶) balloons. In fact, i 5 will take them six months to four years to decompose (分解) and they can cause pollution before they do. The other one is Mylar (聚酯薄膜) balloons. They are a k 6 of plastic balloons which can not be decomposed and can stay in the environment forever. Similar to plastic bags, the Mylar balloons break into smaller pieces in the sun. All of these materials can add to the amount of plastic w 7 in our environment. At the same time, it can result the death of animals. Sea animals, such as whales, sea birds often mistake balloon pieces for food, and if eaten, those pieces can make them h 8 to breathe and then cause them to die. Even worse, some birds are collecting balloon pieces, thinking that they are food, and even f 9 them to their babies So, don’t release balloons any more in order to r 10 the pollution and protect animals. Small step we take can make the world better, healthier and cleaner. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $