题型04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（天津专用）（中考真题+习题综合练习）-2026年中考英语总复习（天津专用）

题型04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (天津专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 较易 科普知识,说明文,濒危生物 2 适中 科普知识,说明文 3 适中 科普知识,常见动物,说明文 4 适中 科普知识,说明文 5 较易 发明与创造,说明文 6 适中 自然遗产,环境保护,说明文,中华文化 7 适中 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 8 较易 景点/建筑,科学技术,说明文 9 适中 精神品质,说明文 10 较易 情绪,说明文 11 较易 景点/建筑,科普知识,说明文 12 适中 教育,说明文 13 适中 中华文化,说明文,景点/建筑 14 较易 科学技术,说明文 15 适中 教育,说明文 【中考真题】 Lanternfish (灯笼鱼) are fish that carry their own lights. Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面). They have very large eyes. They eat small sea animals. If you want to find them, you must go deep into the sea. As you go deeper and deeper, the daylight (日光) becomes dimmer and dimmer. At over 152 metres below the surface (表面) of the water, the daylight is almost gone. The water is dark blue. There you will find lanternfish. There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world. Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. Even the biggest lanternfish are only about 15 centimetres (厘米) long. They are not large in size. However, each lanternfish has about 100 small round lights on the lower part of its body. The fish use their lights to help them catch food. They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other. At night, they may swim up near the surface of the sea. Their lights shine like stars under the water. Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea. 1．What is the colour of most lanternfish on top? A．Brown. B．Green. C．Red. D．Silver. 2．What does the word “dimmer” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Quicker. B．Easier. C．Richer. D．Darker. 3．How many kinds of lanternfish are there in the world? A．Over 152. B．Over 230. C．About 15. D．About 100. 4．In order to recognise each other, lanternfish also use lights to ________. A．drink water B．cook food C．send information D．fall asleep 5．In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A．Art. B．Space. C．Health. D．Nature. Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 1．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 2．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 3．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 4．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 5．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need Most people love animals. Many children’s books use animals as the main characters. Many people look after animals as pets. The love for animals may be why both children and adults (成年人) enjoy going to zoos. In the past, zoos were usually started by rich people. The first zoo was started by a queen in Egypt in 1500 BC． Raising animals was a way for people to show they were wealthy and powerful. Sadly, the animals in the early zoos were not treated well. They didn’t receive enough attention or care. Today, zoos still bring people pleasure, but they try to protect animals and teach people as well. Zoos must follow rules. People must provide animals with a clean place to live, food and water, and health care. In this way, the rules help protect the animals. Some people think the rules are not enough. They want to do more to protect the animals they love. For example, people disapproved of the use of some large animals in shows. They thought the zoos didn’t have enough space for the animals to show. They also thought the animals were not treated properly. With so many people against the shows, the zoos decided to make a change. People see animals in zoos. At the same time, they try to learn about and protect them. Both people and animals can get a lot from each other. 1．Who started the first zoo? A．A queen in Egypt. B．A king in Egypt. C．A queen in England. D．A king in England. 2．How does the writer feel about the animals in the early zoos? A．He doesn’t care about them. B．He feels sad for them. C．He is proud of them. D．He is afraid of them. 3．According to the passage, zoos today must ________. A．train people for shows B．help look after family pets C．provide health care for tourists D．follow the rules to protect animals 4．The phrase “disapproved of” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A．wrote about B．depended on C．were against D．were good at 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Large animals in shows. B．Famous zoos around the world. C．Animals in the wild. D．Zoos in the past and today. About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health. Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can’t make vitamin D．So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. Where can a person get this very important vitamin? Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D．The sun also gives us vitamin D．If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too. 1．The writer says that vitamin D ________. A．makes our bones strong B．keeps our hair clean C．is not necessary for our teeth D．is harmful to our hearts 2．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies? A．It makes us popular. B．It helps us eat more food. C．Our bodies can’t make vitamin D． D．The more vitamin D, the better. 3．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by ________. A．eating fish B．watching TV C．working hard D．having a sleep 4．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day? A．About 15 minutes.B．About 45 minutes.C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours. 5．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don’t like vitamin D 【热点话题练习】 On 18th March, a new kind of plane called the EH216-S went on sale. It is special because it is the first in the world that can carry passengers and fly without a pilot (飞行员) inside. It is developed by the Chinese company EHang. People can buy it online. The EH216-S, priced at 2.39 million yuan, is being tested in different places around the world. The plane can take off and land vertically (垂直地) without the need for a runway. It can carry two passengers and travel up to 30 kilometres at a speed of 130 kilometres each hour. The plane is 6.05 metres long, 5.73 metres wide, and 1.93 metres high. The EH216-S has 16 propellers (螺旋桨) to help it fly. There is a special system on the ground that tells it where to go. The plane is built to be very safe. If something goes wrong with one part, there are other replacement (替换) parts that can still make it fly safely. According to EHang, their teams will help people who buy the planes in many ways. They will make sure the buyers can fly safely, plan the best ways for them and take care of the planes. They will also teach the buyers how to use the planes properly (正确地). EHang has also introduced another plane called the VT-30. It can fly much longer, up to 300 kilometres. The VT-30 has completed some important tests and will be ready to fly this year. 1．What is special about the EH216-S? A．It is sold online. B．It can fly without a pilot. C．It is developed by EHang. D．It can carry a lot more passengers. 2．Why doesn’t the EH216-S need a runway? A．Because it is very light. B．Because it flies very fast. C．Because it is small in size. D．Because it goes up and down vertically. 3．What makes the EH216-S fly safely? A．Its ground control system. B．Its special propellers. C．Its replacement parts. D．Its special shape. 4．Why are many numbers used in the passage? A．To provide clear information about the new plane. B．To show the long history of making planes. C．To explain how to build the new plane. D．To compare different kinds of planes. 5．In what way is the VT-30 better than the EH216-S? A．It is larger. B．It is cheaper. C．It flies much longer. D．It has experienced more tests. The Huanghe River flows from the high mountains to the sea, from ancient times to today. It gave birth to one of the oldest and most outstanding (优秀的) cultures in the world—the Huanghe River culture. In the hearts of Chinese people, the Huanghe River is the mother river. It will play a more important role in our country’s development. The Huanghe River carries lots of yellow sand to the water when running through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原), so that its water is yellow. Because of its yellow water, it is called the Huanghe River. The river starts from Qinghai Province in Northwest China. It flows through a lot of places before emptying into the Bohai Sea. The 5464-kilometre-long waterway feeds about 12 % of China’s population and provides water for about15 % of fields and more than 60 cities. Nowadays, our country has been making greater efforts (努力) in the river’s environmental protection and high-quality (高质量) development. Many wetland nature reserves (保护区) and parks have been built along the river. Each year, over 400 million tons (吨) of sand has been stopped from being washed into it. Our mother river has become much clearer than before. It’s sure to bring us more benefits. 1．What can we know from paragraph 1? A．The Huanghe River is the oldest river all around the world. B．The Huanghe River is of great importance to Chinese people. C．The Huanghe River culture appeared earlier than other cultures. D．The Huanghe River was considered as the mother river in the past. 2．Why does the river called the name the Huanghe River? A．Because the colour of its water is yellow. B．Because it flows past a place called the Loess Plateau. C．Because it is named after its source, the Loess Plateau. D．Because it carries a lot of yellow water from Qinghai Province. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Huanghe River runs into the East China Sea. B．The Huanghe River starts in Northeast China. C．The Huanghe River runs through only two provinces. D．Over sixty cities use water from the Huanghe River. 4．What does the word “benefits” in the last sentence most probably mean? A．problems B．messages C．advantages D．exhibitions 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Our country has done a lot to protect the Huanghe River. B．The water in the Huanghe River is no longer yellow. C．More cities have been built along the Huanghe River. D．The Huanghe River carries over 400 million tons of sand. During the National Day holiday, the sky above Shenzhen was lit up by impressive drone (无人机) light shows. This “cyber fireworks” lit up the night, painting a lively picture of Shenzhen as a “City of Miracles, City of Innovation, City of Future”. A total of 10,197 DAMODA drones took off to the sky at the same time, setting two Guinness World Records. So how does the drone light show work? Before a drone light show begins, drones are usually put on the ground one by one and it would take a lot of time to prepare a show with more than ten thousand drones. To shorten the time, the DAMODA drone company thought of a solution. The company put groups of drones into big boxes with specific QR codes on them. By putting the boxes into correct places, thousands of drones can be ready in a short time and they can go back to their “homes” by scanning the QR codes. In drone shows, each drone is programmed by a computer to follow its own flight direction, carefully avoiding the other drones. They communicate with neighbouring drones and use sensors (传感器) to keep a certain distance. The position and LED colours change throughout the performance to show different objects in the night sky. Drone light shows are thought to be more environmentally friendly—and certainly cause less noise and light pollution—than fireworks shows, so lots of big events are turning to them instead of fireworks. Drones can also be reused again and again so they will probably be more popular in the future. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By making a comparison. B．By using a saying. C．By showing a survey. D．By giving a fact. 2．Why did the DAMODA company put the drones into special boxes? A．To make the drones lighter. B．To protect the environment. C．To reduce preparation time. D．To keep the audience safe. 3．What do the drones use the sensors to do? A．To make sure of the connection. B．To stay away from other drones. C．To show different colours. D．To reach a certain speed. 4．What is the author’s attitude (态度) towards drone light shows? A．Uninterested. B．Worried. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 5．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Technology. B．Culture. C．Fashion. D．Travel. Visiting museums is more and more popular among the young people in China. During the holidays, lots of young Chinese would like to invite their friends to visit museums. There, they can learn about traditional culture. This activity is popular for many reasons. Firstly, many museums are free or the price of the ticket is low. It’s much cheaper than going to a concert. What’s more, people don’t need to worry about the weather when visiting museums. Wei Ming, a museum lover, says, “Visiting museums is like stepping deep into the world of history.” In this way, young people can not only get the knowledge of the history but also discuss it with their friends. In order to make visitors’ experiences more enjoyable, many museums across the country have launched (发布) cultural and creative products such as a kind of box. There is some soil in the box and a small product about a topic is hidden in the soil. Visitors need to use tools to dig through the soil and discover the topic of the product. Many young people are interested in this exciting experience. Thanks to technology, more museums have used modern tools such as 3D and AR glasses to show people some true situations of the history. 1．Why do young Chinese like to visit museums during holidays? A．To see free concerts. B．To learn about local food. C．To see the new film. D．To learn about traditional culture. 2．Which is a reason for the popularity of visiting museums? A．Free or low-cost tickets. B．Caring about the weather. C．cheap concert tickets. D．Difficulty in learning history. 3．What does the underlined word “stepping” mean in the passage? A．Walking slowly. B．Drinking quickly. C．Crying loudly. D．Jumping high. 4．How can visitors discover the topic of the product in the special box? A．By asking the workers. B．By buying the product. C．By digging through the soil with tools. D．By reading the box’s introduction. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to make cultural products. B．The history of Chinese museums. C．Modern technology is not useful for museums. D．Visiting museums is popular among young people in China. Like many people, I have no clear idea about heroes. At some points, we all wonder if we need a hero and what a hero really is. Although there are a lot of differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics (特征). They give us courage and make us want to learn from them. A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a special story to tell and people respect him a lot. But a hero is not just the person with great fame (名誉). A hero has larger power than ordinary people. Some people want to live like a hero, and they have to experience a life with newer and further meaning. If we want to know whether a person is a hero, it depends on what he wants to live for and die for. If the answer is that he lives for and dies only for his own fame, he may be a famous person but not a hero. A hero has vision from the mountain top. He has the ability to think about or plan the future with his great and clever brain. Also, he is able to develop or even change the society and create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of Britain. Without Martin Luther King Jr., Americans might still take different buses, eat in different restaurants, go for walks in different parks, and shop in different stores because of the different colors of their skins (皮肤). There might be changes in society without heroes, but the speed of change would be low. Thanks to the heroes in history, the society has developed so rapidly (快速地). 1．What is the characteristics of the heroes according to the passage? A．They give us courage. B．They live alone. C．They just share great fame. D．They learn from others. 2．What should you do, if you want to live like a hero? A．You have to know who you live with. B．You have to depend on your parents. C．You have to experience a new and meaningful life. D．You have to live for and die only for your family. 3．What does the underlined word “vision” mean in Paragraph 5? A．形象 B．电视 C．远见 D．山脉 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Heroes have the ability to think about themselves. B．Heroes shop in different stores because they’re heroes. C．Martin Luther King Jr. like to eat in different restaurants. D．Our society has developed faster because of the heroes in history. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．What is a hero B．How to become rich C．A famous hero in China D．How to be famous If you’ve ever cried while watching TV, someone might say you are too emotional (情绪化的). But crying is normal—and it’s actually good for us. Scientists don’t know exactly what happens when we cry, but they know it can make us feel better. A study found that half of the people felt happier after crying. Also, when people see you cry, they are more likely to help you. Professor Ad Vingerhoets is a doctor who studies feelings. He says crying makes others feel sorry for you and understand you. That’s why they want to help and support you and be kind to you. Research also shows that people who cry seem warmer, nicer, more reliable (可靠的) and honest. Crying can make others like to be friends or work with them. Some people may feel worse after crying or get a headache, but many feel better. “Crying is our body’s way of releasing (释放) emotions,” says another doctor who helps with feelings, Anna Mathur. “When we hold in too many emotions, we can become like a pressure cooker (高压锅) until our body finds a way to let things out.” Have you noticed that you feel more peaceful after crying? Or that crying when you hit your foot makes the pain go away faster? That’s because of your body’s response (反应) to crying. “When you cry, your body sends out special things that make you happy,” Mathur says. Some of these special things can even make pain feel less strong. 1．What might someone say if you cry while watching TV? A．You are too emotional. B．You are very brave. C．You are so tired. D．You are too lazy. 2．What did a study find about crying? A．All people felt sad after crying. B．Half of the people felt happier after crying. C．No one felt better after crying. D．Most people got a headache after crying. 3．Why do others want to help people who cry, according to Professor Ad Vingerhoets? A．Crying people are usually richer. B．Crying people will give others some gifts. C．Crying makes others feel sorry for them and understand them. D．Crying makes others feel worried about them. 4．What does Anna Mathur compare holding too many emotions to? A．A fast car. B．A broken chair. C．An old pencil. D．A pressure cooker. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to choose TV shows. B．Why we need to cry. C．Crying is normal and good for us. D．How to make others sorry. Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in Colorado, shows off the best of the Rocky Mountains. The park includes 415 square miles of natural beauty. The air is fresh and clean. It features mountain lakes that mirror high peaks above them. The park is home to mountain lions, moose and many other wild animals. RMNP is a small part of the Rocky Mountain Range (山脉). Compared to other mountain ranges, the Rockies are young. They were pushed up around 165 million years ago. Later on, glaciers (冰川) moved downhill and carved out their peaks. The Rocky Mountains form much of the Continental Divide (大陆分水岭). This is a rocky spine that runs along North America and divides the way water flows. Water on the western side of the divide flows west to the Pacific Ocean. Water on the eastern side flows to the Atlantic Ocean. RMNP has several different environments. It has wet areas and forests of pine trees. The trees stop growing at about 11,500 feet. This is called the tree line. Higher than this the weather is too stormy and the soil too rocky for trees to grow. Different areas in RMNP provide homes for different animals. And about 280 kinds of birds have been seen in RMNP. They include eagles and ravens, which ride on mountain winds. A visit to RMNP can be free and easy or full of adventure. In the park, the roads allow drivers to enjoy great views. Trail Ridge Road is the highest paved road in any U.S. national park. However, this road is closed in winter, when snowdrifts can be more than 20 feet deep. RMNP is one of the most popular national parks in the United States. During the summer months, the park can be very crowded. Sometimes there are traffic jams. Many people now ride buses in the park rather than drive their cars. Still, anyone willing to lace up their hiking boots can go on an adventure in this park. 1．How are the Rocky Mountains different from other mountain ranges? A．They are larger. B．They are younger. C．They have more natural beauty. D．They have more wildlife. 2．Water on the western side of the Continental Divide flows to ________. A．the Atlantic Ocean B．the Gulf of Mexico C．Rocky Mountain National Park D．the Pacific Ocean 3．Trees stop growing at around 11,500 feet because ________. A．the sunlight is too bright B．there is too much wind blowing C．it is too stormy and rocky D．the soil is too wet to hold the roots 4．Why does the writer tell readers people now ride buses in the park rather than drive cars? A．To tell readers about how crowded the park has become. B．To tell readers about different buses they can ride in the park. C．To get readers to drive a car if they visit the park. D．To get readers not to go to the park when it is crowded. 5．What does the writer most want readers to know about Rocky Mountain National Park? A．RMNP has different kinds of animals and birds. B．RMNP sometimes has so much snow that the roads must close. C．RMNP has many kinds of birds throughout the year. D．RMNP is a special place filled with wild animals and natural beauty. Jingwai Mingde Primary School is in Xuanwei, Yunnan. It was made up of five country primary schools in 2008. It has more than 1,000 teachers and students now. The country primary school is famous for its special labour lessons. It has a 150-mu farm. The students can help their school get food self-sufficiency (自给自足) by working on the farm. Each class (from Grade Three to Grade Six) can get a piece of land on the farm. The students can take two labour lessons on the farm with the help of their labour teachers. They love their land very much and spend most of their free time on it. They plant all kinds of vegetables, such as beans, potatoes, tomatoes and carrots. Some even plant apple trees, orange trees and other fruit trees. Their school looks much nicer with green trees and beautiful flowers all year round. There is also a zoo in the school. The students can keep chickens, ducks and other farm animals in it. They have learnt a lot by keeping the farm animals. “The children have learnt how to do farm work by working on the farm,” said a teacher. “It also helps them learn how to get on well with others and make their school life more colourful.” 1．What does the school get famous for? A．Its place. B．Its students. C．Its labour lessons. D．Its food self-sufficiency. 2．Which of the following students of the school can work on their class’s land? A．Tom, a student of Grade One. B．John, a student of Grade Five. C．Mike, a student of Grade Two. D．Peter, a student of Grade Seven. 3．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．The students. B．The labour teachers. C．The vegetables. D．The labour lessons. 4．What does the teacher think of the farm work of the school? A．The students shouldn’t learn it. B．The students shouldn’t spend so much time on it. C．It’s better than keeping farm animals. D．It can help the students learn more and better. 5．Which is the best title for this passage? A．Some special students B．Delicious school meals C．Heavy farm work D．Meaningful labour lessons One hundred years ago, on October 10, 1925, the Forbidden City in Beijing threw open its golden gates to the public. No longer was it the secret world of emperors (皇帝). Instead, it became the Palace Museum. Everyone could walk through the halls where history was made. And today, it is the world’s most visited museum, selling almost 20 million tickets every year. Have you ever stepped inside the Palace Museum? Once you do, you will find yourself at the heart of one of the richest cultural collections on Earth. More than 18 million artifacts (工艺制品) are displayed or stored there. Each item is like a quiet storyteller. They show visitors how people in China once lived, what they created and what they believed in. As you gaze (凝视) at them, you won’t just admire them. You’ll begin to understand them: These are not just priceless artifacts—they are “threads (丝线)” tying you back to a culture that has thrived (蓬勃发展) for over 5,000 years. Beyond its treasures, the Palace Museum itself is a wonder. The former Forbidden City is the world’s largest standing wooden palace complex. Its red walls, golden roofs, grand gates and large courtyards show the beauty of balance and harmony—two concepts central to Chinese philosophy (哲学). Only by walking through its grounds can you truly appreciate the thought and power behind its design. As it celebrates its 100th year, the Palace Museum keeps reminding us why history must be kept alive. Each part of it and each of its artifacts carries a message across time. They invite us to listen, learn and connect with a culture that has shaped human history. The museum has amazed countless visitors, and it’s still calling us to step through its gates and discover more about China’s past. 1．What do we know about the day when the Forbidden City opened to the public? A．It was a day that changed the Forbidden City from an imperial palace to a public museum. B．It was a day when the first emperor moved into the Forbidden City. C．It was a day that the Palace Museum started collecting artifacts. D．It was a day when the Forbidden City’s walls were first built. 2．How many artifacts are displayed or stored in the Palace Museum? A．Almost 20 million. B．More than 100,000. C．About 5,000. D．Over 18 million. 3．What can we know from the underlined sentence? A．The artifacts are too expensive to be touched by visitors. B．The artifacts are made of threads from ancient China. C．The artifacts help people connect with China’s long history and culture. D．The artifacts were used to tie things in ancient imperial life. 4．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．People can appreciate the design’s thought without visiting the Palace Museum. B．Walking through the grounds is the only way to understand the design’s ideas and power. C．The design of the Palace Museum is too complex to understand even by visiting. D．The thought and power behind the design are not important for visitors. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Forbidden City: A Secret World of Emperors B．The Palace Museum’s 100th Year: Connecting with China’s Past C．How to Visit the Palace Museum easily D．Priceless Artifacts in the Palace Museum Da Jiang Innovation, known as DJI, is a global leading company in drone (无人驾驶飞机) technology. The founder of DJI is Wang Tao. During his college years at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Wang began the early work on DJI’s projects. In 2006, he moved to Shenzhen and put together a small team. That same year, he set up DJI. At first, DJI focused on developing flight control systems. Then they created the multi-rotor autopilot system (多旋翼自驾系统), which made drones more stable (稳定的) during flight. This was a big step forward in drone technology and led to DJI’s first consumer drone (消费级无人机) in 2013, the Phantom 1, which was more user-friendly than other drones at the time. The Phantom 1 was a game-changer. It made aerial photography (航拍) easy for everyone, not just experts. With remote control and advanced GPS systems, users could take amazing sky-high videos and photos. Besides, DJI has also developed drones for different needs. For example, the Inspire series is widely used in filmmaking, while the Matrice series helps with important tasks like fighting fires or finding lost people. You might also notice that more and more people are using the Pocket series to record their daily lives. As a pioneer in the field of drones, DJI has been improving drone technology. It is the first company to offer 4K video recording in consumer drones. Their 3-axis gimbal (三轴云台) systems help keep footage (镜头) smooth and free from shaking. DJI drones are also built with safety in mind. They use advanced GPS systems to locate and then avoid obstacles (障碍物) so as to reduce the risk of accidents. Today, DJI drones are known as a symbol of Chinese innovation, showing the country’s growing influence in high-tech industries. 1．What was the direct function of the multi-rotor autopilot system? A．It made drones available to everyone. B．It forecasted (预测) DJI’s first consumer drone. C．It improved flight stability. D．It made 4K video recording possible. 2．Why was the Phantom 1 considered a “game-changer”? A．Because it was cheaper than all other drones. B．Because it had the most advanced GPS system. C．Because it had the longest flight time among DJI drones. D．Because it was suitable for beginners. 3．Which series would most likely be used by firemen? A．The Pocket series. B．The Inspire series. C．The Matrice series. D．The Phantom series. 4．Which of the following is not a feature of DJI drones? A．High-quality camera systems. B．Long-distance remote control. C．Advanced GPS systems for safety. D．The ability to change into different shapes. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the founder of DJI. B．To introduce a leading drone company. C．To describe the different shapes of drones. D．To introduce the technology behind DJI drones. Yu Jinghui is a 12-year-old junior high school student. Last year, he took a step towards his dream through programming (编程), thanks to a “Future Classroom”. Yu’s home is in a mountainous county (县). Students in the county had less access (接触的机会) to modern technology and education than students in cities. To support the students’ development, the county turned to the “Future Classroom”. In February 2022, Yu’s school built a “Future Classroom”. The classroom has not only computers and software (软件) for programming but also circuit boards and chips (电路板和芯片) for making cars, hand tools for making models and 3D printers. The Future Classroom allows students like Yu to see wider uses of computer and mobile phones. It lights their dreams and plants seeds (种子) of hope for them. After just four months of practice in the classroom, Yu took part in a big competition and won first place in the competition. “Programming is very interesting. Just like playing games, I can live out my dream on the computer by writing programs. I have got a sense of achievement.” said Yu. Now he spends hours every day on programming. To make sure that more and more children in mountainous areas can receive a good education, China had built 36 “Future Classrooms” in 14 provinces (省) by the end of January this year. The classrooms have provided about 4,830 classes for more than 169,800 students. There are more such classrooms on the way. Let’s hope that the “Future Classroom” will allow more children to have a bright future. 1．Why did Yu Jinghui’s hometown turn to the “Future Classroom”? A．To support students’ development. B．To catch parents’ eye. C．To have programming lessons. D．To make some models. 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Thanks to a “Future Classroom”, students in the county will receive a better education than students in cities. B．Students can use computers and make models in the future classroom. C．The future classrooms have helped 4830 students in 14 provinces. D．Students will go a long way to the future classroom. 3．How does the writer describe Paragraph 6? A．By giving examples. B．By listing number. C．By comparison. D．By question and answer. 4．What does Yu Jinghui think of programming? A．Interesting but difficult. B．Interesting and easy. C．Boring but helpful. D．Interesting and helpful. 5．What may be the best title of the passage? A．Future Classrooms. B．A junior high school student. C．An interesting program. D．Yu Jinghui’s home. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (天津专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 较易 科普知识,说明文,濒危生物 2 适中 科普知识,说明文 3 适中 科普知识,常见动物,说明文 4 适中 科普知识,说明文 5 较易 发明与创造,说明文 6 适中 自然遗产,环境保护,说明文,中华文化 7 适中 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 8 较易 景点/建筑,科学技术,说明文 9 适中 精神品质,说明文 10 较易 情绪,说明文 11 较易 景点/建筑,科普知识,说明文 12 适中 教育,说明文 13 适中 中华文化,说明文,景点/建筑 14 较易 科学技术,说明文 15 适中 教育,说明文 【中考真题】 Lanternfish (灯笼鱼) are fish that carry their own lights. Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面). They have very large eyes. They eat small sea animals. If you want to find them, you must go deep into the sea. As you go deeper and deeper, the daylight (日光) becomes dimmer and dimmer. At over 152 metres below the surface (表面) of the water, the daylight is almost gone. The water is dark blue. There you will find lanternfish. There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world. Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. Even the biggest lanternfish are only about 15 centimetres (厘米) long. They are not large in size. However, each lanternfish has about 100 small round lights on the lower part of its body. The fish use their lights to help them catch food. They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other. At night, they may swim up near the surface of the sea. Their lights shine like stars under the water. Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea. 1．What is the colour of most lanternfish on top? A．Brown. B．Green. C．Red. D．Silver. 2．What does the word “dimmer” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Quicker. B．Easier. C．Richer. D．Darker. 3．How many kinds of lanternfish are there in the world? A．Over 152. B．Over 230. C．About 15. D．About 100. 4．In order to recognise each other, lanternfish also use lights to ________. A．drink water B．cook food C．send information D．fall asleep 5．In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A．Art. B．Space. C．Health. D．Nature. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了灯笼鱼的外形特征、生活习性以及发光功能。 1．细节理解题。根据“Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面)”可知，大多数灯笼鱼背部是棕色的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“the daylight becomes dimmer and dimmer…the daylight is almost gone”可知，随着深度增加，日光逐渐变弱直至几乎消失，因此“dimmer”意为“更暗的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world”可知，全球有超过230种灯笼鱼。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other”可知，灯笼鱼通过发光传递信息以互相识别。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕海洋生物灯笼鱼展开，介绍其自然特征，因此最可能出现在杂志的“自然”板块。故选D。 Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 1．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 2．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 3．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 4．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 5．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。 1．细节理解题。根据“Some early people got salt from rocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt”，“Today, people still get salt from the sea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。 Most people love animals. Many children’s books use animals as the main characters. Many people look after animals as pets. The love for animals may be why both children and adults (成年人) enjoy going to zoos. In the past, zoos were usually started by rich people. The first zoo was started by a queen in Egypt in 1500 BC． Raising animals was a way for people to show they were wealthy and powerful. Sadly, the animals in the early zoos were not treated well. They didn’t receive enough attention or care. Today, zoos still bring people pleasure, but they try to protect animals and teach people as well. Zoos must follow rules. People must provide animals with a clean place to live, food and water, and health care. In this way, the rules help protect the animals. Some people think the rules are not enough. They want to do more to protect the animals they love. For example, people disapproved of the use of some large animals in shows. They thought the zoos didn’t have enough space for the animals to show. They also thought the animals were not treated properly. With so many people against the shows, the zoos decided to make a change. People see animals in zoos. At the same time, they try to learn about and protect them. Both people and animals can get a lot from each other. 1．Who started the first zoo? A．A queen in Egypt. B．A king in Egypt. C．A queen in England. D．A king in England. 2．How does the writer feel about the animals in the early zoos? A．He doesn’t care about them. B．He feels sad for them. C．He is proud of them. D．He is afraid of them. 3．According to the passage, zoos today must ________. A．train people for shows B．help look after family pets C．provide health care for tourists D．follow the rules to protect animals 4．The phrase “disapproved of” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A．wrote about B．depended on C．were against D．were good at 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Large animals in shows. B．Famous zoos around the world. C．Animals in the wild. D．Zoos in the past and today. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了早期动物园以及如今的动物园的作用，但是我们还需做更多的事情来保护所爱的动物。 1．细节理解题。根据“The first zoo was started by a queen in Egypt in 1500 BC.”可知埃及的一位女王创办了第一个动物园。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Sadly, the animals in the early zoos were not treated well. They didn’t receive enough attention or care.(可悲的是，早期动物园里的动物没有得到很好的对待。它们没有得到足够的关注和照顾。)”可推知作者为它们感到难过。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Today, zoos still bring people pleasure, but they try to protect animals and teach people as well. Zoos must follow rules...In this way, the rules help protect the animals.”可知现在的动物园要遵循规则去保护动物。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据“For example, people disapproved of the use of some large animals in shows. They thought the zoos didn’t have enough space for the animals to show.”可知一些人认为动物园没有足够的空间来展示动物，所以应是反对在表演中使用大型动物。划线部分“disapproved of”与C选项“反对”意思相近。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了早期动物园以及如今的动物园的作用，但是我们还需做更多的事情来保护所爱的动物。故选D。 About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health. Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can’t make vitamin D．So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. Where can a person get this very important vitamin? Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D．The sun also gives us vitamin D．If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too. 1．The writer says that vitamin D ________. A．makes our bones strong B．keeps our hair clean C．is not necessary for our teeth D．is harmful to our hearts 2．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies? A．It makes us popular. B．It helps us eat more food. C．Our bodies can’t make vitamin D． D．The more vitamin D, the better. 3．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by ________. A．eating fish B．watching TV C．working hard D．having a sleep 4．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day? A．About 15 minutes.B．About 45 minutes.C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours. 5．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don’t like vitamin D 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了维他命D的重要性及如何获取维他命D。 1．细节理解题。根据“When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong.”可知维他命D能使我们骨骼强壮。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“But our bodies can’t make vitamin D. So we have to get it from outside of our bodies.”可知必须从体外获取维他命D是因为我们的身体不能产生维他命D。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs.”可知可以通过吃鱼来获取维他命D。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough.”可知我们被建议每天在阳光中花费大约15分钟。故选A。 5．段落大意题。根据“Where can a person get this very important vitamin?”及全段内容可知第三段主要讲我们从哪里获得维生素D。故选B。 【热点话题练习】 On 18th March, a new kind of plane called the EH216-S went on sale. It is special because it is the first in the world that can carry passengers and fly without a pilot (飞行员) inside. It is developed by the Chinese company EHang. People can buy it online. The EH216-S, priced at 2.39 million yuan, is being tested in different places around the world. The plane can take off and land vertically (垂直地) without the need for a runway. It can carry two passengers and travel up to 30 kilometres at a speed of 130 kilometres each hour. The plane is 6.05 metres long, 5.73 metres wide, and 1.93 metres high. The EH216-S has 16 propellers (螺旋桨) to help it fly. There is a special system on the ground that tells it where to go. The plane is built to be very safe. If something goes wrong with one part, there are other replacement (替换) parts that can still make it fly safely. According to EHang, their teams will help people who buy the planes in many ways. They will make sure the buyers can fly safely, plan the best ways for them and take care of the planes. They will also teach the buyers how to use the planes properly (正确地). EHang has also introduced another plane called the VT-30. It can fly much longer, up to 300 kilometres. The VT-30 has completed some important tests and will be ready to fly this year. 1．What is special about the EH216-S? A．It is sold online. B．It can fly without a pilot. C．It is developed by EHang. D．It can carry a lot more passengers. 2．Why doesn’t the EH216-S need a runway? A．Because it is very light. B．Because it flies very fast. C．Because it is small in size. D．Because it goes up and down vertically. 3．What makes the EH216-S fly safely? A．Its ground control system. B．Its special propellers. C．Its replacement parts. D．Its special shape. 4．Why are many numbers used in the passage? A．To provide clear information about the new plane. B．To show the long history of making planes. C．To explain how to build the new plane. D．To compare different kinds of planes. 5．In what way is the VT-30 better than the EH216-S? A．It is larger. B．It is cheaper. C．It flies much longer. D．It has experienced more tests. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国亿航智能公司研发的两款新型飞机。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is special because it is the first in the world that can carry passengers and fly without a pilot inside.”可知，EH216-S的特别之处在于它能无人驾驶且载人。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The plane can take off and land vertically without the need for a runway.”可知，EH216-S无需跑道是因为它能垂直起降。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“If something goes wrong with one part, there are other replacement parts that can still make it fly safely.”可知，备用零件能确保EH216-S安全飞行。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章中使用了价格（239万元）、航程（30公里）、速度（130公里/小时）、尺寸、螺旋桨数量等数据，目的是清晰、准确地提供新型飞机的相关信息。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“EHang has also introduced another plane called the VT-30. It can fly much longer, up to 300 kilometres.”可知，VT-30比EH216-S更出色的地方是航程更远（300公里 vs 30公里）。故选C。 The Huanghe River flows from the high mountains to the sea, from ancient times to today. It gave birth to one of the oldest and most outstanding (优秀的) cultures in the world—the Huanghe River culture. In the hearts of Chinese people, the Huanghe River is the mother river. It will play a more important role in our country’s development. The Huanghe River carries lots of yellow sand to the water when running through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原), so that its water is yellow. Because of its yellow water, it is called the Huanghe River. The river starts from Qinghai Province in Northwest China. It flows through a lot of places before emptying into the Bohai Sea. The 5464-kilometre-long waterway feeds about 12 % of China’s population and provides water for about15 % of fields and more than 60 cities. Nowadays, our country has been making greater efforts (努力) in the river’s environmental protection and high-quality (高质量) development. Many wetland nature reserves (保护区) and parks have been built along the river. Each year, over 400 million tons (吨) of sand has been stopped from being washed into it. Our mother river has become much clearer than before. It’s sure to bring us more benefits. 1．What can we know from paragraph 1? A．The Huanghe River is the oldest river all around the world. B．The Huanghe River is of great importance to Chinese people. C．The Huanghe River culture appeared earlier than other cultures. D．The Huanghe River was considered as the mother river in the past. 2．Why does the river called the name the Huanghe River? A．Because the colour of its water is yellow. B．Because it flows past a place called the Loess Plateau. C．Because it is named after its source, the Loess Plateau. D．Because it carries a lot of yellow water from Qinghai Province. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Huanghe River runs into the East China Sea. B．The Huanghe River starts in Northeast China. C．The Huanghe River runs through only two provinces. D．Over sixty cities use water from the Huanghe River. 4．What does the word “benefits” in the last sentence most probably mean? A．problems B．messages C．advantages D．exhibitions 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Our country has done a lot to protect the Huanghe River. B．The water in the Huanghe River is no longer yellow. C．More cities have been built along the Huanghe River. D．The Huanghe River carries over 400 million tons of sand. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了黄河作为母亲河的地位、得名原因、地理与作用，以及我国对其的环保和高质量发展举措。 1．细节理解题。根据“In the hearts of Chinese people, the Huanghe River is the mother river. It will play a more important role in our country’s development.” 可知，黄河对中国人意义重大。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Because of its yellow water, it gets the name The Huanghe River.” 可知，黄河因水的颜色是黄色而得名。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“provides water for about 15 % of fields and more than 60 cities.” 可知，超过60个城市使用黄河的水。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据“Our mother river has become much clearer than before. It’s sure to bring us more benefits.” 可知，黄河变清后会带来更多好处，benefits意为 “好处”。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“our country has been making greater efforts in the river’s environmental protection and high- quality development. Many wetland nature reserves and parks have been built along the river.” 可知，我国为保护黄河做了很多工作。故选A。 During the National Day holiday, the sky above Shenzhen was lit up by impressive drone (无人机) light shows. This “cyber fireworks” lit up the night, painting a lively picture of Shenzhen as a “City of Miracles, City of Innovation, City of Future”. A total of 10,197 DAMODA drones took off to the sky at the same time, setting two Guinness World Records. So how does the drone light show work? Before a drone light show begins, drones are usually put on the ground one by one and it would take a lot of time to prepare a show with more than ten thousand drones. To shorten the time, the DAMODA drone company thought of a solution. The company put groups of drones into big boxes with specific QR codes on them. By putting the boxes into correct places, thousands of drones can be ready in a short time and they can go back to their “homes” by scanning the QR codes. In drone shows, each drone is programmed by a computer to follow its own flight direction, carefully avoiding the other drones. They communicate with neighbouring drones and use sensors (传感器) to keep a certain distance. The position and LED colours change throughout the performance to show different objects in the night sky. Drone light shows are thought to be more environmentally friendly—and certainly cause less noise and light pollution—than fireworks shows, so lots of big events are turning to them instead of fireworks. Drones can also be reused again and again so they will probably be more popular in the future. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By making a comparison. B．By using a saying. C．By showing a survey. D．By giving a fact. 2．Why did the DAMODA company put the drones into special boxes? A．To make the drones lighter. B．To protect the environment. C．To reduce preparation time. D．To keep the audience safe. 3．What do the drones use the sensors to do? A．To make sure of the connection. B．To stay away from other drones. C．To show different colours. D．To reach a certain speed. 4．What is the author’s attitude (态度) towards drone light shows? A．Uninterested. B．Worried. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 5．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Technology. B．Culture. C．Fashion. D．Travel. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了国庆节期间深圳的无人机灯光秀，包括其如何运作、优势以及未来的发展前景。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“During the National Day holiday, the sky above Shenzhen was lit up by impressive drone (无人机) light shows.”可知，作者通过描述国庆节期间深圳上空无人机灯光秀这一事实来引入话题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To shorten the time, the DAMODA drone company thought of a solution. The company put groups of drones into big boxes with specific QR codes on them.”可知，DAMODA公司把无人机放入特殊盒子是为了缩短准备时间。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In drone shows, each drone is programmed by a computer to follow its own flight direction, carefully avoiding the other drones. They communicate with neighbouring drones and use sensors (传感器) to keep a certain distance.”可知，无人机使用传感器是为了与其他无人机保持一定距离，即远离其他无人机。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Drone light shows are thought to be more environmentally friendly—and certainly cause less noise and light pollution—than fireworks shows, so lots of big events are turning to them instead of fireworks. Drones can also be reused again and again so they will probably be more popular in the future.”可知，作者认为无人机灯光秀更环保，噪音和光污染更少，且无人机可以重复使用，未来可能会更受欢迎，由此可推断作者对无人机灯光秀持支持态度。故选C。 5．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了无人机灯光秀这一科技现象，包括其运作方式、优势等，所以最有可能在杂志的科技部分读到这篇文章。故选A。 Visiting museums is more and more popular among the young people in China. During the holidays, lots of young Chinese would like to invite their friends to visit museums. There, they can learn about traditional culture. This activity is popular for many reasons. Firstly, many museums are free or the price of the ticket is low. It’s much cheaper than going to a concert. What’s more, people don’t need to worry about the weather when visiting museums. Wei Ming, a museum lover, says, “Visiting museums is like stepping deep into the world of history.” In this way, young people can not only get the knowledge of the history but also discuss it with their friends. In order to make visitors’ experiences more enjoyable, many museums across the country have launched (发布) cultural and creative products such as a kind of box. There is some soil in the box and a small product about a topic is hidden in the soil. Visitors need to use tools to dig through the soil and discover the topic of the product. Many young people are interested in this exciting experience. Thanks to technology, more museums have used modern tools such as 3D and AR glasses to show people some true situations of the history. 1．Why do young Chinese like to visit museums during holidays? A．To see free concerts. B．To learn about local food. C．To see the new film. D．To learn about traditional culture. 2．Which is a reason for the popularity of visiting museums? A．Free or low-cost tickets. B．Caring about the weather. C．cheap concert tickets. D．Difficulty in learning history. 3．What does the underlined word “stepping” mean in the passage? A．Walking slowly. B．Drinking quickly. C．Crying loudly. D．Jumping high. 4．How can visitors discover the topic of the product in the special box? A．By asking the workers. B．By buying the product. C．By digging through the soil with tools. D．By reading the box’s introduction. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to make cultural products. B．The history of Chinese museums. C．Modern technology is not useful for museums. D．Visiting museums is popular among young people in China. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分析了中国年轻人热衷参观博物馆的原因，包括低成本、文化学习需求及博物馆推出的创新互动体验，并指出科技应用使观展更具吸引力。 1．细节理解题。根据“During the holidays, lots of young Chinese would like to invite their friends to visit museums. There, they can learn about traditional culture.”可知，中国年轻人假期喜欢参观博物馆是为了了解传统文化，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Firstly, many museums are free or the price of the ticket is low.”可知，参观博物馆受欢迎的一个原因是门票免费或价格低，故选A。 3．词句猜测题。结合语境“Visiting museums is like stepping deep into the world of history.”可知，参观博物馆就像走进历史的世界，“stepping”在这里是“走进，踏入”的意思，与“Walking slowly”意思接近，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Visitors need to use tools to dig through the soil and discover the topic of the product.”可知，游客通过用工具挖开土壤来发现产品主题，故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Visiting museums is more and more popular among the young people in China.”及后文对受欢迎原因、博物馆创新举措的介绍可知，本文核心是中国年轻人热衷参观博物馆，故选D。 Like many people, I have no clear idea about heroes. At some points, we all wonder if we need a hero and what a hero really is. Although there are a lot of differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics (特征). They give us courage and make us want to learn from them. A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a special story to tell and people respect him a lot. But a hero is not just the person with great fame (名誉). A hero has larger power than ordinary people. Some people want to live like a hero, and they have to experience a life with newer and further meaning. If we want to know whether a person is a hero, it depends on what he wants to live for and die for. If the answer is that he lives for and dies only for his own fame, he may be a famous person but not a hero. A hero has vision from the mountain top. He has the ability to think about or plan the future with his great and clever brain. Also, he is able to develop or even change the society and create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of Britain. Without Martin Luther King Jr., Americans might still take different buses, eat in different restaurants, go for walks in different parks, and shop in different stores because of the different colors of their skins (皮肤). There might be changes in society without heroes, but the speed of change would be low. Thanks to the heroes in history, the society has developed so rapidly (快速地). 1．What is the characteristics of the heroes according to the passage? A．They give us courage. B．They live alone. C．They just share great fame. D．They learn from others. 2．What should you do, if you want to live like a hero? A．You have to know who you live with. B．You have to depend on your parents. C．You have to experience a new and meaningful life. D．You have to live for and die only for your family. 3．What does the underlined word “vision” mean in Paragraph 5? A．形象 B．电视 C．远见 D．山脉 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Heroes have the ability to think about themselves. B．Heroes shop in different stores because they’re heroes. C．Martin Luther King Jr. like to eat in different restaurants. D．Our society has developed faster because of the heroes in history. 5．What is the best title of the passage? A．What is a hero B．How to become rich C．A famous hero in China D．How to be famous 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了英雄的普遍特征，探讨了什么是真正的英雄。 1．细节理解题。根据“heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics. They give us courage and make us want to learn from them.”可知，英雄能给我们勇气。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some people want to live like a hero, and they have to experience a life with newer and further meaning.”可知，要像英雄一样生活，需要经历有新的、更有意义的生活。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“He has the ability to think about or plan the future with his great and clever brain.”可知，英雄有思考或规划未来的能力，即有“远见”，所以“vision”意为“远见”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Thanks to the heroes in history, the society has developed so rapidly.”可知，因为历史上的英雄，我们的社会发展得更快了。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。文章围绕英雄的特征展开，介绍了什么是英雄。故选A。 If you’ve ever cried while watching TV, someone might say you are too emotional (情绪化的). But crying is normal—and it’s actually good for us. Scientists don’t know exactly what happens when we cry, but they know it can make us feel better. A study found that half of the people felt happier after crying. Also, when people see you cry, they are more likely to help you. Professor Ad Vingerhoets is a doctor who studies feelings. He says crying makes others feel sorry for you and understand you. That’s why they want to help and support you and be kind to you. Research also shows that people who cry seem warmer, nicer, more reliable (可靠的) and honest. Crying can make others like to be friends or work with them. Some people may feel worse after crying or get a headache, but many feel better. “Crying is our body’s way of releasing (释放) emotions,” says another doctor who helps with feelings, Anna Mathur. “When we hold in too many emotions, we can become like a pressure cooker (高压锅) until our body finds a way to let things out.” Have you noticed that you feel more peaceful after crying? Or that crying when you hit your foot makes the pain go away faster? That’s because of your body’s response (反应) to crying. “When you cry, your body sends out special things that make you happy,” Mathur says. Some of these special things can even make pain feel less strong. 1．What might someone say if you cry while watching TV? A．You are too emotional. B．You are very brave. C．You are so tired. D．You are too lazy. 2．What did a study find about crying? A．All people felt sad after crying. B．Half of the people felt happier after crying. C．No one felt better after crying. D．Most people got a headache after crying. 3．Why do others want to help people who cry, according to Professor Ad Vingerhoets? A．Crying people are usually richer. B．Crying people will give others some gifts. C．Crying makes others feel sorry for them and understand them. D．Crying makes others feel worried about them. 4．What does Anna Mathur compare holding too many emotions to? A．A fast car. B．A broken chair. C．An old pencil. D．A pressure cooker. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to choose TV shows. B．Why we need to cry. C．Crying is normal and good for us. D．How to make others sorry. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了哭泣的积极作用及其科学依据，包括情绪释放、社会支持和生理反应等方面。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you’ve ever cried while watching TV, someone might say you are too emotional (情绪化的).”可知，看电视哭泣时，他人可能会认为你“太情绪化”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“A study found that half of the people felt happier after crying.”可知，研究发现半数人哭泣后感到更快乐。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“He says crying makes others feel sorry for you and understand you. That’s why they want to help and support you and be kind to you”可知，哭泣能引发他人的同情和理解，从而促使他们提供帮助。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“When we hold in too many emotions, we can become like a pressure cooker (高压锅) until our body finds a way to let things out.”可知，压抑情绪会让人像“高压锅”一样。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“哭泣是正常的且对健康有益”展开，列举了科学依据和社会影响，C项符合。故选C。 Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in Colorado, shows off the best of the Rocky Mountains. The park includes 415 square miles of natural beauty. The air is fresh and clean. It features mountain lakes that mirror high peaks above them. The park is home to mountain lions, moose and many other wild animals. RMNP is a small part of the Rocky Mountain Range (山脉). Compared to other mountain ranges, the Rockies are young. They were pushed up around 165 million years ago. Later on, glaciers (冰川) moved downhill and carved out their peaks. The Rocky Mountains form much of the Continental Divide (大陆分水岭). This is a rocky spine that runs along North America and divides the way water flows. Water on the western side of the divide flows west to the Pacific Ocean. Water on the eastern side flows to the Atlantic Ocean. RMNP has several different environments. It has wet areas and forests of pine trees. The trees stop growing at about 11,500 feet. This is called the tree line. Higher than this the weather is too stormy and the soil too rocky for trees to grow. Different areas in RMNP provide homes for different animals. And about 280 kinds of birds have been seen in RMNP. They include eagles and ravens, which ride on mountain winds. A visit to RMNP can be free and easy or full of adventure. In the park, the roads allow drivers to enjoy great views. Trail Ridge Road is the highest paved road in any U.S. national park. However, this road is closed in winter, when snowdrifts can be more than 20 feet deep. RMNP is one of the most popular national parks in the United States. During the summer months, the park can be very crowded. Sometimes there are traffic jams. Many people now ride buses in the park rather than drive their cars. Still, anyone willing to lace up their hiking boots can go on an adventure in this park. 1．How are the Rocky Mountains different from other mountain ranges? A．They are larger. B．They are younger. C．They have more natural beauty. D．They have more wildlife. 2．Water on the western side of the Continental Divide flows to ________. A．the Atlantic Ocean B．the Gulf of Mexico C．Rocky Mountain National Park D．the Pacific Ocean 3．Trees stop growing at around 11,500 feet because ________. A．the sunlight is too bright B．there is too much wind blowing C．it is too stormy and rocky D．the soil is too wet to hold the roots 4．Why does the writer tell readers people now ride buses in the park rather than drive cars? A．To tell readers about how crowded the park has become. B．To tell readers about different buses they can ride in the park. C．To get readers to drive a car if they visit the park. D．To get readers not to go to the park when it is crowded. 5．What does the writer most want readers to know about Rocky Mountain National Park? A．RMNP has different kinds of animals and birds. B．RMNP sometimes has so much snow that the roads must close. C．RMNP has many kinds of birds throughout the year. D．RMNP is a special place filled with wild animals and natural beauty. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国科罗拉多州的落基山国家公园的自然景观、地理特征和生态环境。 1．细节理解题。根据“Compared to other mountain ranges, the Rockies are young.”可知，与其他山脉相比，落基山脉更年轻。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Water on the western side of the divide flows west to the Pacific Ocean.”可知，分水岭西侧的水流向太平洋。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Higher than this the weather is too stormy and the soil too rocky for trees to grow.”可知，树木因风暴天气和岩石土壤无法生长。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“During the summer months, the park can be very crowded. Sometimes there are traffic jams. Many people now ride buses in the park rather than drive their cars.”可知，夏季公园拥挤导致交通堵塞，因此人们改乘巴士。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。全文首段开篇点题，后续围绕“自然美景 (湖泊、高峰)、野生动物、多样环境”展开，末段强调其“热门”，核心是凸显公园的“独特性”，故作者最想让读者了解落基山国家公园是一处遍布野生动物、满是自然美景的独特之地。故选D。 Jingwai Mingde Primary School is in Xuanwei, Yunnan. It was made up of five country primary schools in 2008. It has more than 1,000 teachers and students now. The country primary school is famous for its special labour lessons. It has a 150-mu farm. The students can help their school get food self-sufficiency (自给自足) by working on the farm. Each class (from Grade Three to Grade Six) can get a piece of land on the farm. The students can take two labour lessons on the farm with the help of their labour teachers. They love their land very much and spend most of their free time on it. They plant all kinds of vegetables, such as beans, potatoes, tomatoes and carrots. Some even plant apple trees, orange trees and other fruit trees. Their school looks much nicer with green trees and beautiful flowers all year round. There is also a zoo in the school. The students can keep chickens, ducks and other farm animals in it. They have learnt a lot by keeping the farm animals. “The children have learnt how to do farm work by working on the farm,” said a teacher. “It also helps them learn how to get on well with others and make their school life more colourful.” 1．What does the school get famous for? A．Its place. B．Its students. C．Its labour lessons. D．Its food self-sufficiency. 2．Which of the following students of the school can work on their class’s land? A．Tom, a student of Grade One. B．John, a student of Grade Five. C．Mike, a student of Grade Two. D．Peter, a student of Grade Seven. 3．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．The students. B．The labour teachers. C．The vegetables. D．The labour lessons. 4．What does the teacher think of the farm work of the school? A．The students shouldn’t learn it. B．The students shouldn’t spend so much time on it. C．It’s better than keeping farm animals. D．It can help the students learn more and better. 5．Which is the best title for this passage? A．Some special students B．Delicious school meals C．Heavy farm work D．Meaningful labour lessons 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了云南宣威的靖外明德小学通过劳动课程（如农场种植和动物饲养）帮助学生实现食物自给自足，并丰富校园生活。 1．细节理解题。根据“The country primary school is famous for its special labour lessons.”可知，学校因劳动课程而出名。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Each class (from Grade Three to Grade Six) can get a piece of land on the farm.”可知，三年级到六年级的每个班级可在农场分到一块地，所以五年级学生John符合条件。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“The students…They plant all kinds of vegetables, such as beans, potatoes, tomatoes and carrots”可知，此处指学生们种植各种蔬菜，所以“They”指代前文“The students”。故选A。 4．观点态度题。根据“The children have learnt how to do farm work by working on the farm,…It also helps them learn how to get on well with others and make their school life more colourful”可知，老师认为劳动课程能让学生学到更多。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕劳动课程的意义展开，如自给自足、美化校园、培养技能等，D项符合。故选D。 One hundred years ago, on October 10, 1925, the Forbidden City in Beijing threw open its golden gates to the public. No longer was it the secret world of emperors (皇帝). Instead, it became the Palace Museum. Everyone could walk through the halls where history was made. And today, it is the world’s most visited museum, selling almost 20 million tickets every year. Have you ever stepped inside the Palace Museum? Once you do, you will find yourself at the heart of one of the richest cultural collections on Earth. More than 18 million artifacts (工艺制品) are displayed or stored there. Each item is like a quiet storyteller. They show visitors how people in China once lived, what they created and what they believed in. As you gaze (凝视) at them, you won’t just admire them. You’ll begin to understand them: These are not just priceless artifacts—they are “threads (丝线)” tying you back to a culture that has thrived (蓬勃发展) for over 5,000 years. Beyond its treasures, the Palace Museum itself is a wonder. The former Forbidden City is the world’s largest standing wooden palace complex. Its red walls, golden roofs, grand gates and large courtyards show the beauty of balance and harmony—two concepts central to Chinese philosophy (哲学). Only by walking through its grounds can you truly appreciate the thought and power behind its design. As it celebrates its 100th year, the Palace Museum keeps reminding us why history must be kept alive. Each part of it and each of its artifacts carries a message across time. They invite us to listen, learn and connect with a culture that has shaped human history. The museum has amazed countless visitors, and it’s still calling us to step through its gates and discover more about China’s past. 1．What do we know about the day when the Forbidden City opened to the public? A．It was a day that changed the Forbidden City from an imperial palace to a public museum. B．It was a day when the first emperor moved into the Forbidden City. C．It was a day that the Palace Museum started collecting artifacts. D．It was a day when the Forbidden City’s walls were first built. 2．How many artifacts are displayed or stored in the Palace Museum? A．Almost 20 million. B．More than 100,000. C．About 5,000. D．Over 18 million. 3．What can we know from the underlined sentence? A．The artifacts are too expensive to be touched by visitors. B．The artifacts are made of threads from ancient China. C．The artifacts help people connect with China’s long history and culture. D．The artifacts were used to tie things in ancient imperial life. 4．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．People can appreciate the design’s thought without visiting the Palace Museum. B．Walking through the grounds is the only way to understand the design’s ideas and power. C．The design of the Palace Museum is too complex to understand even by visiting. D．The thought and power behind the design are not important for visitors. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Forbidden City: A Secret World of Emperors B．The Palace Museum’s 100th Year: Connecting with China’s Past C．How to Visit the Palace Museum easily D．Priceless Artifacts in the Palace Museum 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了故宫博物院从紫禁城向公众开放100周年的历史意义、丰富的文化藏品以及其作为中国古代建筑与哲学思想载体的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据“the Forbidden City in Beijing threw open its golden gates to the public. No longer was it the secret world of emperors. Instead, it became the Palace Museum.”可知，紫禁城从皇宫转变为公共博物馆。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“More than 18 million artifacts are displayed or stored there.”可知，故宫博物院展示或收藏了超过1800万件文物。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。划线句子“they are ‘threads (丝线)’ tying you back to a culture that has thrived (蓬勃发展) for over 5,000 years.”意为这些文物是连接你与中华五千年文化的纽带，因此它们帮助人们了解中国的悠久历史和文化。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Only by walking through its grounds can you truly appreciate the thought and power behind its design.”可知，只有亲身走过故宫，才能真正理解其设计背后的思想和力量。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕故宫博物院开放100周年展开，强调其连接中国历史与文化的作用，因此“故宫博物院100周年：连接中国的过去”最适合作为标题。故选B。 Da Jiang Innovation, known as DJI, is a global leading company in drone (无人驾驶飞机) technology. The founder of DJI is Wang Tao. During his college years at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Wang began the early work on DJI’s projects. In 2006, he moved to Shenzhen and put together a small team. That same year, he set up DJI. At first, DJI focused on developing flight control systems. Then they created the multi-rotor autopilot system (多旋翼自驾系统), which made drones more stable (稳定的) during flight. This was a big step forward in drone technology and led to DJI’s first consumer drone (消费级无人机) in 2013, the Phantom 1, which was more user-friendly than other drones at the time. The Phantom 1 was a game-changer. It made aerial photography (航拍) easy for everyone, not just experts. With remote control and advanced GPS systems, users could take amazing sky-high videos and photos. Besides, DJI has also developed drones for different needs. For example, the Inspire series is widely used in filmmaking, while the Matrice series helps with important tasks like fighting fires or finding lost people. You might also notice that more and more people are using the Pocket series to record their daily lives. As a pioneer in the field of drones, DJI has been improving drone technology. It is the first company to offer 4K video recording in consumer drones. Their 3-axis gimbal (三轴云台) systems help keep footage (镜头) smooth and free from shaking. DJI drones are also built with safety in mind. They use advanced GPS systems to locate and then avoid obstacles (障碍物) so as to reduce the risk of accidents. Today, DJI drones are known as a symbol of Chinese innovation, showing the country’s growing influence in high-tech industries. 1．What was the direct function of the multi-rotor autopilot system? A．It made drones available to everyone. B．It forecasted (预测) DJI’s first consumer drone. C．It improved flight stability. D．It made 4K video recording possible. 2．Why was the Phantom 1 considered a “game-changer”? A．Because it was cheaper than all other drones. B．Because it had the most advanced GPS system. C．Because it had the longest flight time among DJI drones. D．Because it was suitable for beginners. 3．Which series would most likely be used by firemen? A．The Pocket series. B．The Inspire series. C．The Matrice series. D．The Phantom series. 4．Which of the following is not a feature of DJI drones? A．High-quality camera systems. B．Long-distance remote control. C．Advanced GPS systems for safety. D．The ability to change into different shapes. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the founder of DJI. B．To introduce a leading drone company. C．To describe the different shapes of drones. D．To introduce the technology behind DJI drones. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了全球领先的无人机制造商大疆创新（DJI）的发展历程、产品特点及其在不同领域的应用。 1．细节理解题。根据“which made drones more stable during flight”可知，多旋翼自驾系统提高了无人机的飞行稳定性。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“It made aerial photography easy for everyone, not just experts.”可知，Phantom 1让航拍对所有人都变得简单，因此它适合初学者，是一个“游戏规则改变者”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“the Matrice series helps with important tasks like fighting fires or finding lost people.”可知，Matrice系列可用于灭火等任务，因此消防员最可能使用该系列。故选C。 4．细节理解题。文中提到了DJI无人机的高质量摄像系统、远程控制和先进GPS安全系统，但未提及无人机能够变形。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。全文介绍了大疆公司的发展、产品创新及其应用，主要围绕这家领先的无人机公司展开。故选B。 Yu Jinghui is a 12-year-old junior high school student. Last year, he took a step towards his dream through programming (编程), thanks to a “Future Classroom”. Yu’s home is in a mountainous county (县). Students in the county had less access (接触的机会) to modern technology and education than students in cities. To support the students’ development, the county turned to the “Future Classroom”. In February 2022, Yu’s school built a “Future Classroom”. The classroom has not only computers and software (软件) for programming but also circuit boards and chips (电路板和芯片) for making cars, hand tools for making models and 3D printers. The Future Classroom allows students like Yu to see wider uses of computer and mobile phones. It lights their dreams and plants seeds (种子) of hope for them. After just four months of practice in the classroom, Yu took part in a big competition and won first place in the competition. “Programming is very interesting. Just like playing games, I can live out my dream on the computer by writing programs. I have got a sense of achievement.” said Yu. Now he spends hours every day on programming. To make sure that more and more children in mountainous areas can receive a good education, China had built 36 “Future Classrooms” in 14 provinces (省) by the end of January this year. The classrooms have provided about 4,830 classes for more than 169,800 students. There are more such classrooms on the way. Let’s hope that the “Future Classroom” will allow more children to have a bright future. 1．Why did Yu Jinghui’s hometown turn to the “Future Classroom”? A．To support students’ development. B．To catch parents’ eye. C．To have programming lessons. D．To make some models. 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Thanks to a “Future Classroom”, students in the county will receive a better education than students in cities. B．Students can use computers and make models in the future classroom. C．The future classrooms have helped 4830 students in 14 provinces. D．Students will go a long way to the future classroom. 3．How does the writer describe Paragraph 6? A．By giving examples. B．By listing number. C．By comparison. D．By question and answer. 4．What does Yu Jinghui think of programming? A．Interesting but difficult. B．Interesting and easy. C．Boring but helpful. D．Interesting and helpful. 5．What may be the best title of the passage? A．Future Classrooms. B．A junior high school student. C．An interesting program. D．Yu Jinghui’s home. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了“未来教室”如何帮助山区学生获得更好的教育，并实现他们的梦想。 1．细节理解题。根据“To support the students’ development, the county turned to the ‘Future Classroom’.”可知，余景辉的家乡引入“未来教室”是为了支持学生的发展。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The classroom has not only computers and software (软件) for programming but also circuit boards and chips (电路板和芯片) for making cars, hand tools for making models and 3D printers.”可知，学生可以在未来教室使用电脑和制作模型。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“China had built 36 ‘Future Classrooms’ in 14 provinces by the end of January this year. The classrooms have provided about 4,830 classes for more than 169,800 students.”可知，作者通过列举数字来描述第六段。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Programming is very interesting. Just like playing games, I can live out my dream on the computer by writing programs. I have got a sense of achievement.”可知，余景辉认为编程既有趣又有帮助。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了“未来教室”对山区学生的帮助和影响。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $