题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（南京专用）（中考真题+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习（南京专用）

题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (南京专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 健康与运动,说明文 2 适中 科普知识,说明文 3 适中 科普知识,说明文 4 较难 科普知识,说明文 5 适中 竞技/比赛,说明文 6 较难 体育精神,说明文,体育名人 7 较难 意见/建议,哲理感悟,说明文 8 适中 天体与宇宙,说明文 9 较易 学习策略,阅读,方法/策略,说明文 10 较难 发明与创造,说明文 11 适中 发明与创造,信息技术,说明文 12 较难 科学技术,发明与创造,说明文 13 适中 科学技术,语言与文化,说明文 14 较难 科普知识,说明文,公共秩序 15 较难 科普知识,自然灾害与防范,说明文 【中考真题】 Exercise is important in our life. We ask 2000 people between 20 and 24 years old about their exercise habits. The diagrams below (下列图表) show the results. It is clear to see the fewest people think exercise is not important and people choose different kinds of activities to keep healthy. Exercise is good for both the mind and the body. So start exercising now, and it is never too late! 1．From diagram I, what percent of the people think exercise is very important? A．40% B．50% C．8% D．2% 2．According to Diagram II, how many people exercise 3 to 5 times a week? A．300 B．500 C．520 D．240 3．What can we know from the text? A．They ask 500 women about their exercise habits. B．The fewest people think exercise is a little important. C．About 10% of the people exercise more than twice a week. D．It is never too late to exercise. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文通过调查数据展示了20至24岁人群的运动习惯，说明运动对身心有益，呼吁人们积极锻炼。 1．细节理解题。根据第一个图表可知，40%的人认为锻炼很重要。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二个图表可知，26%的人一周锻炼3到5次，根据“We ask 2000 people”可知有2000人，所以共有520人一周锻炼3到5次。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“So start exercising now, and it is never too late!”可知现在就开始锻炼，永远不会太晚。故选D。 A new study suggests that roosters can recognize themselves in a mirror (镜子). Scientists use the “mark test” to test whether an animal can recognize itself. A mark is put on an animal, usually in a spot that can only be seen in a mirror. Then the animal is allowed to look in a mirror. If the animal seems to pay attention to the mark, scientists believe the animal has recognized itself. The list of animals who can recognize themselves in a mirror isn’t long. The skill has mainly been found in animals with large brains, like dolphins, chimpanzees and elephants. Until recently, only one kind of bird had passed the test. Scientists at the University of Bonn in Germany recently ran the mark test on roosters. They put a pink triangle (三角形) on the chests of the roosters. But when the roosters looked in a mirror, they didn’t seem to notice the mark. The scientists then needed a different way to test whether the roosters could recognize themselves. When there’s danger—like a hawk (鹰) flying above—roosters make loud calls to warn nearby chickens. But roosters only make the cries if other chickens can hear them. If they’re alone, they remain quiet so the hawk won’t see them. The scientists realized that they could use the shadow (影子) of a hawk to test whether or not the roosters thought they were alone—even when they could see “another” chicken in a mirror. First, the scientists let the roosters spend time getting used to being in a closed-in space and having a mirror around. Then, they ran several tests by making a hawk shadow appear above a rooster and watching how it reacted. When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. It called out when it was near another rooster (Picture ▲ ), but remained quiet when it was alone. But when a rooster was in a space where it could see itself in the mirror, it wasn’t fooled into thinking there was another rooster. It remained silent under the hawk shadow. It did this even if there was a rooster hidden behind the mirror. The scientists say the results show that the roosters knew they were seeing themselves in the mirror, and not other roosters. 1．What is the purpose of the “mark test”? A．To test a bird’s ability to fly. B．To measure an animal’s brain size. C．To see if an animal can recognize itself. D．To compare different animals’ intelligence. 2．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．Hawks. B．Roosters. C．Chickens. D．Scientists. 3．Which of the following pictures can be put into ▲ ? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Roosters prefer to make no sounds when it faces danger alone. B．Roosters are not as smart as dolphins, chimpanzees and elephants. C．The mark test can exactly tell if an animal can recognize itself in the mirror. D．When seeing its image in the mirror, the rooster thinks there’s another rooster. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了公鸡是否能够通过镜子识别自己。科学家通过“标记测试”发现公鸡在镜子中看到自己时，并没有被欺骗，而是意识到镜中的影像是自己，而不是另一只公鸡，这表明公鸡具有一定的自我识别能力。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists use the ‘mark test’ to test whether an animal can recognize itself”可知“标记测试”是用来测试动物是否能够识别自己在镜子中的影像的。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“But roosters only make the cries if other chickens can hear them. If they’re alone, they remain quiet so the hawk won’t see them.”可知公鸡只有在其他鸡能听到的情况下才会发出叫声，如果它们是独自一个，它们会保持安静，这样鹰就看不见它们了，故此处them指代“公鸡”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. It called out when it was near another rooster”可知当没有镜子时，公鸡在靠近另一只公鸡时会发出警报声，选项B符合。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“But roosters only make the cries if other chickens can hear them. If they’re alone, they remain quiet so the hawk won’t see them.”可知公鸡在独自面对危险时会选择保持安静，以免被猎鹰发现。故选A。 You can volunteer with three or four friends to do a team experiment (实验). First, you need to know a little about the water cycle. The water cycle starts when the sun heats ocean water. The sun converts, or changes, the water into water vapor (蒸气). The sun and wind cause the water vapor to rise into the air. Water vapor cools off in the atmosphere (大气层), or the air that surrounds Earth. Then it changes to drops of water. The drops then cluster, or hold together, forming a cloud. The water in the cloud falls as rain or snow. It may fall back into the ocean, or it may fall on land. If it falls on land, it finally works its way back to the ocean as a water overflow called runoff. As you begin your experiment, remember this amazing fact. The amount of water on Earth now is the same as it was in the past and will be in the future. About 71% of Earth’s surface is water. This includes not only the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes. It also includes the water in clouds, rain, snow, and groundwater and in the icy areas at the North and South Poles. Now make a model of the water cycle with a partner or small group. Use the instructions below: ●Fill cup about halfway with water. ●Add red food color to the water and stir. ●Use the marker to show water level. ●Put the cup in the bag and sea lit. ●Put the bag in a sunny window. After you finish making the water cycle model, watch carefully what happens to the water in the cup. Check the mark showing the water level. You should see that the water level becomes gradually lower. You should also begin to see small drops of water on the sides and bottom of the bag. The water is evaporating (蒸发) from the heat and then changing from the gas created by evaporating to water drops on the sides of the bag. The drops rundown the sides and will begin to collect at the bottom. This is what happens when the sun heats the ocean. Water vapor rises and forms clouds. The drops running down the sides of the bag are like rain filling on Earth. 1．In which part does “runoff” appear in the picture? A．A B．B C．C D．D 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Earth’s surface.B．The water on Earth. C．Your experiment. D．This amazing fact. 3．How does the writer introduce the way of making the water cycle model? A．By showing the steps in order. B．By explaining cause and effect. C．By comparing and contrasting. D．By providing the examples in detail. 4．What can we learn from the experiment? A．Successful experiments need a lot of time and hard work. B．Simple experiments can also help understand science well. C．Students do the experiment in order to show their team spirit. D．Students know the amount of water on Earth from the experiment. 5．From which is the passage most probably taken? A．A storybook. B．A book review. C．A science magazine. D．A tourist guide. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要是介绍水循环的科普知识，并提供了详细的实验步骤。 1．推理判断题。根据“If it falls on land, it finally works its way back to the ocean as a water overflow called runoff.”可知，如果它落在陆地上，它最终会以一种叫做径流的水溢出的方式返回海洋。所以“runoff”指的是雨水落到陆地上后最终流回海洋的过程。在图示中，D所示的箭头表示地表径流（即从陆地流回海洋）。故选D。 2．代词指代题。根据“The amount of water on Earth now is the same as it was in the past and will be in the future. About 71% of Earth’s surface is water. This includes not only the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes.”可知，现在地球上的水量与过去一样，未来也将如此。大约71%的地球表面是水。这不仅包括海洋、河流和湖泊中的水。此处This指的是“地球上的水”，故选B。 3．细节理解题。文中用“●”分条罗列了做实验的步骤，按照顺序一步步介绍如何制作一个水循环模型，故选A。 4．推理判断题。通过这个简单的 “杯子+塑料袋” 实验就能观察到蒸发、凝结和降水等水循环现象，说明简单的实验也能帮助我们更好地理解科学，故选B。 5．推理判断题。本文主要是介绍水循环的科普知识，并提供了详细的实验步骤，最可能出自科普类的科学杂志，故选C。 After reading so much, you may wonder how to make a book. It’s time for you to have a try! Have you ever wondered how a book is made? It takes a lot of people to make a book. It can take months, or even years, for a book to go from an idea to a finished product. A book begins when an author comes up with an idea for a book. Authors get ideas in different ways. They may get ideas from their own lives, from watching the world around them, or from reading. Next, an author may plan the book by making an outline （提纲）. Sometimes authors do research to gather information. They may read books or articles. They may interview people or visit places. Then, the author begins to write. Authors may write for months or years to finish a manuscript. A manuscript is the text an author produces for publication. Finally, the author sends the completed manuscript to a publisher. If the publisher decides to publish the book, the author works with an editor. An editor reads the manuscript. Then he or she recommends changes to improve the book. A copy editor reads the manuscript to correct any grammatical mistake. After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look. The designer may choose the size, shape, and type styles for the book. Some picture book authors create their own illustrations（插图）. If not, an illustrator is chosen to create pictures for the book. The illustrator makes sketches of pictures that will go on each page. The sketches are sent to the publishing company. The editor makes sure the pictures clearly tell the story. The designer checks how the words and pictures will fit together on the pages. After the design changes are made, the illustrator begins creating the final pictures. He or she may change the colours, the perspective, or the composition of pictures. It may take months to create all the pictures. The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages. The completed pages are sent to the printer. Many books are still made into books with paper pages. The printer uses huge printing presses to make the pages. The pages are fixed together. The book cover is added. The finished books are then sent to the publisher’s warehouse. They are stored there until they are bought by libraries and bookstores. E-readers have changed how some books are made. Some authors do not use a publisher at all. Instead of sending a manuscript to a publisher, some authors turn their manuscripts into eBooks themselves. Finally, an author’s eBook is uploaded（上传）to virtual bookstores on the Internet. Customers can buy and download eBooks from these websites. 1．According to the passage, the designer’s job is to ________. A．create pictures for the book B．make an outline of the book C．decide how the book will look D．correct grammatical mistakes in the book 2．Your first book will be published soon. What will first happen to it after the illustrator has created the final pictures? A． B． C． D． 3．The writer uses the LAST paragraph to ________. A．introduce the history of eBooks B．describe the disadvantages of eBooks C．show the development of making a book D．ask customers to support authors in making a book 4．The writer explains how to make a book by ________. A．giving causes B．showing steps C．providing examples D．expressing opinions 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．From Idea to Book B．Different Kinds of Books C．Workers in the Publishing House D．Between Publishers and Customers 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【分析】本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。 1．细节理解题。根据“After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look.”可知，作者做出建议的修改后，设计师可能会决定书的外观。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages.”可知，完成后的艺术作品会被送到出版商那里，设计师调整图片和文字在页面上的组合方式。故选C。 3．推理判断题。分析最后一段内容可知，本段介绍制作一本书的发展，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Next…Then…Finally”可知，作者通过展示步骤介绍如何制作一本书。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。选项A“从想法到书”符合语境，故选A。 【热点话题练习】 The Jiangsu Football City League, also called Su Chao, has become a big hit on the Chinese Internet. Many interesting slogans like “No cheating, just real rivalries” and “Game first, friendship fourteenth” show how intense the match is! Organized by the Jiangsu sports department and 13 city governments, the league encourages everyone to join and play for their city’s honor. It started on May 10 and will end on Nov 2. There are 516 players from 13 teams, including students, professional players, and many amateurs aged 16 to 40. Matches mostly happen on weekends, with one round each week. Some cities offer freebies to attract visiting fans. For example, Suqian gives free tickets to tourist spots and local snacks. Journalist Wu talked about why this league is different. He said that in China, people usually copy big leagues from other countries because they love the World Cup so much. But Jiangsu did something new. “Here, players are not famous stars getting paid a lot of money. They’re just common people you might know. The fans aren’t just strangers—they’re your family, friends, and neighbors. The soccer field isn’t just for professional players—it’s a place where everyone feels welcome,” Wu explained. “This league isn’t about being the best in the world. It’s about getting as many local people involved as possible. And that’s even better because it makes soccer a part of everyday life. Now, each city will have its own special soccer stories to remember.” 1．How long does the Jiangsu Football City League last? A．About 2 months. B．About 4 months. C．About 6 months. D．About 8 months. 2．What does the example of Suqian show us? A．Suqian has the most delicious snacks. B．The matches in Suqian are the most exciting. C．Suqian is trying new ways to welcome fans. D．All tourist spots in Suqian are free now. 3．What makes the league special according to Journalist Wu? A．It only has a lot of famous stars. B．It is only for the professional players. C．It is copied from other countries. D．It makes soccer a part of everyday life. 4．Where can we probably read this passage? A．A history report.B．A book review. C．A science novel. D．A sports magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了江苏足球城市联赛（苏超）的特色和受欢迎的原因，包括其参与人群、赛程安排以及如何吸引球迷等。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“It started on May 10 and will end on Nov 2.”可知，从5月10日到11月2日，跨度约为6个月。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Some cities offer freebies to attract visiting fans. For example, Suqian gives free tickets to tourist spots and local snacks.”可知，宿迁通过新方式欢迎球迷。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“And that’s even better because it makes soccer a part of everyday life.”可知，他强调该联赛的独特之处在于将足球融入日常生活，而非追求国际水准或明星效应。故选D。 4．推理判断题。全文围绕足球联赛展开，介绍其赛程、参与者和特色，最可能出现在体育杂志中。故选D。 Italy, long celebrated for its food, art and clothes, has added a new cultural passion: tennis. While once considered an average tennis nation, Italy now has seven male players ranked in the world’s top 60, a level of talent matched only by the US. France and Russia have five top-60 players each, according to Reuters. What sets the Italians apart is their youth: Among the nine men in the top 100, six are aged between 20 and 23, promising a strong talent stream for years to come. At the front is Jannik Sinner, a four-time Grand Slam champion. His on-court success and modest (谦逊的) personality have turned him into a national figure (人物). “We never had the front page of Gazzetta dello Sport (a widely read daily newspaper in Italy) showing tennis, and now tennis is in all papers, no matter what Sinner does,” long-time journalist Ubaldo Scanagatta told CNN. Italy’s tennis rise, however, is more than just one player. The Italian tennis federation (FITP) has spent over a decade reshaping player development. Angelo Binaghi, FITP president since 2001, told Reuters that in the last 10-15 years, they’ve expanded training and increased financial, technical and mental support for young athletes. Promising athletes under 16 no longer leave home for national centers. Instead, they develop at home with private coaches, supported by regional training places and guided by federation “super-coaches”, Michelangelo dell’Edera, Davis Cup team manager and head of the under-16 field, told Reuters. “It’s been extraordinary (非凡的), and quite unusual for Italian people who are individualistic (个人主义的) by nature.” International experts like Craig O’Shannessy, formerly with Novak Djokovic, have also helped change the game. Since 2016, O’Shannessy has worked for the federation and assisted (协助) the rise of Matteo Berrettini, a famous player from Italy into the top 10. He uses data analysis (数据分析) to develop strategic training made specifically for the players. “I wanted to... get them to play where the coaches could see strengths and weaknesses clearly. Then coaches could offer better guidance instead of a cookie-cutter approach (千篇一律的方法),” he told CNN. Italy’s commitment includes major events. Turin has hosted the ATP Finals since 2021, originally scheduled through 2025. However, due to its success, the event will remain in Italy until 2030, AP News reported. 1．Why is Jannik Sinner mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To show he is the only Grand Slam champion in Italy. B．To explain why Gazzetta dello Sport only reports tennis now. C．To illustrate his role in boosting tennis’ popularity in Italy. D．To prove he is the youngest Italian top player. 2．What has the FITP been doing for over a decade? A．Focusing on developing only one top tennis player. B．Reshaping the way young tennis players are developed. C．Reducing financial support for young athletes. D．Closing all regional training places for teenagers. 3．What change has the FITP made to the training of under-16 promising athletes? A．They must train at national centers far from home. B．They train at home with private coaches and get a lot of support. C．They are guided only by federation “super-coaches”. D．They have to give up private coaches and join regional teams. 4．What does Craig O’Shannessy use to develop training plans for Italian players? A．Traditional coaching experience. B．Data analysis. C．Novak Djokovic’s training model. D．The “cookie-cutter approach”. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了意大利网球运动的崛起，包括其顶尖球员优势、意大利网球联合会（FITP）在球员培养方面的改革措施，以及国际专家对意大利网球发展的助力等内容。 1．推理判断题。根据“His on-court success and modest (谦逊的) personality have turned him into a national figure (人物). ‘We never had the front page of Gazzetta dello Sport (a widely read daily newspaper in Italy) showing tennis, and now tennis is in all papers, no matter what Sinner does’”可知，Sinner的赛场成就和谦逊性格使其成为国民人物，且在他的影响下，意大利媒体对网球的关注度大幅提升。提及他是为了说明他在推动意大利网球受欢迎程度上的作用。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The Italian tennis federation (FITP) has spent over a decade reshaping player development.”可知，意大利网球联合会十多年来一直在重塑球员培养模式。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Promising athletes under 16 no longer leave home for national centers. Instead, they develop at home with private coaches, supported by regional training places and guided by federation ‘super-coaches’”可知，16岁以下有潜力的运动员不再离家去国家训练中心，而是在家与私人教练一起训练，并能获得地区训练场所的支持和联合会“超级教练”的指导。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“He uses data analysis (数据分析) to develop strategic training made specifically for the players.”可知，Craig O’Shannessy运用数据分析为意大利球员制定针对性的战略训练计划。故选B。 ①We make decisions every day, from simple choices like what to eat for lunch to important ones like which high school to enter. But sometimes it can be hard to make the correct decision. What barriers (障碍) are preventing us from reaching better results? ②For some people, making decisions is difficult. According to Alice Boyes, a writer for Harvard Business Review, this difficulty can be related to perfectionism. Perfectionists try to find the best solution to every problem and are unable to move forward when they can’t find one. There are also other obstacles when making decisions. For example, they set unrealistic expectations, expect the worst result and don’t accept uncertainty. ③According to Professor Susan Krauss from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, US, people often make poor decisions because they depend on personal biases (偏见) rather than the background in which things happen. Different biases influence our decisions in different ways. For example, having a self-serving bias means making decisions that make us feel good about ourselves, even if they might not be the best decisions for anyone else. Authority (权威) bias happens when we trust someone just because they are an authority person, even if others might have better ideas. ④For perfectionists, it is important to set realistic expectations. Uncertainty is normal when making difficult choices. We can’t predict the future and many situations do not have a single correct decision. All we can do is to make the most suitable choice with the information we have at the time. ⑤For people who find themselves making decisions with bias, the most important thing is to realize that they have biases in the first place. To do this, we can analyze (分析) our performance by looking at past decisions and results. Asking for feedback (反馈) from others also helps. Collecting new views on our decision-making abilities can help us realize personal biases and prevent them from influencing future decisions. 1．What is self-serving bias according to the text? A．Making decisions that make ourselves feel good. B．Setting unrealistic expectations when making decisions. C．Being afraid of uncertainty and unable to make decisions. D．Trusting someone just because they are an authority person. 2．What does the underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．advantages B．chances C．methods D．difficulties 3．How does the writer show the influence of different biases in Paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By showing opinions. 4．What does the writer advise to avoid barriers when making decisions? A．Collect others’ views to realize personal biases. B．Set realistic expectations and predict the future. C．Ask for the information others have at the time. D．Analyze people’s present decisions and outcomes. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是说明文。主要探讨了人们做决策时遇到的障碍，包括完美主义以及个人偏见等，并给出了相应的克服建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“For example, having a self-serving bias means making decisions that make us feel good about ourselves”可知，自我服务偏见是做让自己自我感觉良好的决定。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“For some people, making decisions is difficult. According to Alice Boyes...this difficulty can be related to perfectionism...There are also other obstacles when making decisions.”可知，前文说做决定困难和完美主义有关，这里说做决定还有其他“obstacles”，结合语境，obstacles应和difficulties“困难”意思相近。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“For example, having a self-serving bias...Authority (权威) bias happens when...”可知，作者通过举例子的方式说明不同偏见的影响。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Collecting new views on our decision-making abilities can help us realize personal biases and prevent them from influencing future decisions.”可知，收集他人的观点来认识个人偏见是作者建议的避免做决定时遇到障碍的方法。故选A。 5．篇章结构题。文章第一段提出做决定有时困难及障碍是什么的问题；第二、三段分别阐述完美主义和个人偏见这两种障碍；第四、五段分别针对这两种障碍给出建议。整体是总分总结构，与选项D的结构相符。故选D。 After the moon, the next place for humans to live besides Earth might be Mars. But Mars is no ready-made Earth. We’d have to make it Earth-like. Is this possible, or is this just an idea from a sci-fi movie? • Is there oxygen on Mars? To live on Mars, humans need water, food, a place to live, and a warm environment with enough oxygen (氧气). Mars’ air is mostly made of a gas (气体) that we can’t breathe, and there’s very little oxygen, making it very cold at night. One idea to make Mar’ air better is to crash water-rich comets (彗星) and asteroids (小行星) into the planet. This could give off gases and water and make the air thicker. NASA has shown that crashing asteroids is possible, but many large ones would be needed. • Making it a ‘tasty’ place to live To grow food on Mars, we need soil (土壤), but there are many harmful things on the ground of Mars. One idea is to clean out the perchlorates (高氯酸盐) and add fertilizers (肥料) to help plants grow. A controlled greenhouse (温室) might be easier to use. However, providing the right amounts of oxygen, water, and food is very difficult. On Earth, scientists are trying a similar idea with Biosphere 2, a closed ecosystem (生态系统) with a controlled environment. But the scientists still have a hard time getting things just right. • Building homes Buildings on Mars could be 3D-printed, but they would need special protection until Mars’ environment becomes more like Earth. However, there are many more challenges. For example, unlike Earth, Mars doesn’t have a magnetosphere (磁层), which means harmful radiation (辐射) can reach it. Creating a protective magnetic field (磁场) is difficult. But no matter what happens, such work to make Mars more like Earth is not a waste of time. For example, work on 3D-printing technology to make homes on Mars is being used to help print homes on Earth and solve the problem of not having enough places for people to live. 1．What is one of the main challenges of growing food on Mars? A．The cold temperatures at night. B．Shortage of perchlorates in the soil. C．The small size of the greenhouse. D．The presence of harmful things in the soil. 2．What does the underlined phrase “similar idea” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Building controlled greenhouses on Mars. B．Growing plants with better soil without harmful things. C．Controlling the environment in a greenhouse to grow plants. D．Providing the right amounts of oxygen and water on Mars. 3．What is one way to protect buildings on Mars from harmful radiation? A．Using 3D-printing technology. B．Creating a protective magnetic field. C．Adding extra layers of magnetosphere. D．Using special materials to block radiation. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．What makes Mars suitable for human living. B．How Mars is changing through human efforts. C．Why Mars is a challenging planet for humans. D．What we need to do to make Mars livable. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了人类要在火星上生存所需解决的关键问题，包括火星氧气获取、食物种植、住房建造以及辐射防护等挑战，并提及相关解决思路及现实意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“To grow food on Mars, we need soil (土壤), but there are many harmful things on the ground of Mars”可知，在火星种植食物的主要挑战之一是火星土壤中存在有害物质。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据前文“A controlled greenhouse (温室) might be easier to use. However, providing the right amounts of oxygen, water, and food is very difficult”以及后文“Biosphere 2, a closed ecosystem (生态系统) with a controlled environment”可知，“similar idea”指的是通过控制环境来种植植物的思路。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“unlike Earth, Mars doesn't have a magnetosphere (磁层), which means harmful radiation (辐射) can reach it. Creating a protective magnetic field (磁场) is difficult” 可知，虽然创建保护性磁场难度大，但这是应对火星有害辐射的一种方法，而建筑防护需依赖此环境改善或特殊保护。选项B “创建保护性磁场”是原文提及的防护思路。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕 “人类要在火星生存需将其改造得更像地球” 展开，依次介绍了氧气、食物、住房、辐射防护等方面的需求与挑战及相关解决方向，核心是 “为使火星宜居人类需采取的措施”。选项D“我们需要做些什么来使火星宜居”概括了文章主旨。故选D。 The Power of Active Reading: A Better Way to Learn    Reading is an important skill for students—it helps you learn new knowledge, improve vocabulary, and understand the world better. But not all reading is the same. Many students read passively: they just move their eyes across the page, but don’t think deeply about what they’re reading. This kind of reading doesn’t help you remember or understand information well. Active reading, however, is a more effective learning method that can help you get more out of every book or article.     So what is active reading? It means engaging with the text while you read—asking questions, taking notes, and connecting ideas. Here are some key steps to active reading. First, before you read, set a goal. Ask yourself: “What do I want to learn from this text?” For example, if you’re reading a history chapter about the Industrial Revolution, your goal might be to understand its main causes and effects. Setting a goal helps you stay focused and avoid getting distracted.     Second, while reading, take notes. You can underline important sentences, write down key terms, or jot down questions you have. For example, if you read that “steam engines changed manufacturing,” you can note: “Steam engines—key to Industrial Revolution, made production faster.” Taking notes helps you remember information and makes it easier to review later. It also forces you to think about what’s important in the text.     Third, ask questions as you read. Good questions include: “Why did this happen?” “How does this connect to what I already know?” and “Do I agree with the author’s point?” For example, if you’re reading a science article about climate change, you might ask: “How do human activities affect climate change?” Asking questions keeps your mind active and helps you understand the text more deeply.     Fourth, after reading, review and reflect. Go back to your notes and answer the questions you wrote down. You can also summarize the main ideas of the text in your own words. For example, after reading a novel chapter, you might summarize: “The main character decided to leave home to pursue her dream, but she was worried about her family.” Reflecting on what you’ve read helps you organize information and remember it for a longer time.     Active reading takes more time and effort than passive reading, but it’s worth it. It helps you learn better, remember more, and think critically. Whether you’re reading a textbook, a novel, or a news article, active reading can improve your learning experience. Try it next time you read—you’ll be surprised at how much more you get out of the text. 1．What is passive reading? A．Engaging with the text by asking questions. B．Taking notes while reading. C．Moving eyes across the page without deep thinking. D．Summarizing the text after reading. 2．Why is setting a goal important for active reading? A．It helps you stay focused and avoid distraction. B．It helps you finish reading faster. C．It helps you avoid taking notes. D．It helps you read more books. 3．What can you do while reading to practice active reading? A．Only move your eyes across the page. B．Take notes and ask questions. C．Ignore difficult words and sentences. D．Read the text quickly without stopping. 4．What should you do after active reading? A．Forget about the text and move to the next one. B．Blame yourself for not reading fast enough. C．Throw away your notes. D．Review notes and reflect on the text. 5．What is the main advantage of active reading? A．It takes less time than passive reading. B．It lets you read more books at once. C．It helps you learn better and remember more. D．It helps you avoid difficult texts. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了主动阅读的关键步骤以及主动阅读的好处。 1．细节理解题。根据“Many students read passively: they just move their eyes across the page, but don’t think deeply about what they’re reading.”可知，被动阅读只是让眼睛在页面上移动，但没有深入思考他们正在阅读的内容。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Setting a goal helps you stay focused and avoid getting distracted.”可知，设定目标对主动阅读很重要，因为设定目标可以帮助你保持专注，避免分心。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“So what is active reading? It means engaging with the text while you read—asking questions, taking notes, and connecting ideas.”可知，阅读中实践主动阅读的方式是 “记笔记和提问”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Fourth, after reading, review and reflect. Go back to your notes and answer the questions you wrote down. You can also summarize the main ideas of the text in your own words.”可知，主动阅读后要复习笔记、反思文本，故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“Active reading takes more time and effort than passive reading, but it’s worth it. It helps you learn better, remember more, and think critically.”可知，主动阅读能帮助你更好地学习、更多地记忆，并进行批判性思考。故选C。 A humanoid robot named “Xue Ba 01” has made history by being admitted as a PhD student in drama, film and television at the Shanghai Theatre Academy. It is China’s first embodied intelligent robot to enroll in a doctoral program, with the admission announced at the 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai. Developed by a team led by Professor Li Qingdu from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Xue Ba 01 is lightweight and has good endurance. Its appearance was designed by Professor Yang Qingqing from the Shanghai Theatre Academy, who now serves as its academic advisor. “It’s like a ‘bionic human’ with realistic looks, expressions, and movements,” explained Professor Li, aiming to create natural human—robot interactions. The four-year PhD program, a result of a 2021 cooperation between the two universities, combines art and robotics. Xue Ba 01 will study cognitive modeling, stage performance, and embodied control. It will attend classes, join drama practices, and work in AI-performing arts labs alongside other students. Professor Li highlighted the program’s significance: “If it masters performing, it could provide emotional support. Unlike humans, robots don’t get tired, making them useful for long-term companionship and repeated performances.” Challenges include improving the robot’s ability to move and express emotions like humans. Academician Zhang Jianwei called it a “groundbreaking experiment,” noting robots’ fast learning ability will impact future education. “We need them to understand people, scenes, and arts,” he said. 1．Which university admitted Xue Ba 01 as a PhD student? A．University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. B．Shanghai Theatre Academy. C．Beijing Film Academy. D．Tsinghua University. 2．What can we infer from Professor Li’s words? A．Robots will replace human performers soon. B．Robots have better acting skills than humans. C．Robots may be used in fields requiring long-term interaction. D．Robots get tired easily during performances. 3．The underlined word “embodied” in paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．having a physical form B．being highly intelligent C．working independently D．learning quickly 4．How is the passage structured? A．Problem-solution. B．Event-introduction-analysis. C．Comparison-contrast. D．Time order. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The development history of Xue Ba 01. B．The future of AI in education. C．How robots are trained in performing arts. D．A robot becomes China’s first PhD student in drama. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一款由上海理工大学李清都教授领导的团队研发、上海戏剧学院杨青青教授设计外观的智能机器人“学霸01”。 1．细节理解题。根据“A humanoid robot named ‘Xue Ba 01’ has made history by being admitted as a PhD student in drama, film and television at the Shanghai Theatre Academy.”可知，上海戏剧学院录取了“学霸01”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“Unlike humans, robots don’t get tired, making them useful for long-term companionship and repeated performances. Challenges include improving the robot’s ability to move and express emotions like humans.”可知，机器人可能被用于需要长期互动的领域，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“embodied intelligent robot”及后文“...Xue Ba 01 is lightweight and has good endurance”，“It’s like a ‘bionic human’ with realistic looks, expressions, and movements”可推知，embodied指“具有实体或物理形态”，故选A。 4．篇章结构题。短文先介绍“学霸01”被录取，之后详细说明其背景，开发团队，学习计划，最后引述专家观点分析意义与挑战，属于“事件——介绍——分析”的结构。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕中国首个戏剧专业博士生机器人“学霸01”展开，其他内容为背景补充或意义分析。故选D。 Recently, a Chinese technology company called DeepSeek has caught global attention. It mainly focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) as well as big data and aims to solve problems in areas like education, healthcare, and finance (财政). The DeepSeek’s AI is designed to make life easier and more productive, but we still need to treat it in a reasonable way. What can DeepSeek’s AI bring to us? In education, DeepSeek’s AI can make learning more personalized for students by identifying strengths and weaknesses, providing study materials, and helping improve efficiency (效率). One major benefit is its ability to analyze (分析) large amounts of data quickly and accurately, which means students can receive timely feedback (反馈) and specially-designed learning plans. For example, when your teacher asks you to write a report about Wuhan, DeepSeek’s AI can help you find some useful information about this city in just a few seconds. DeepSeek’s AI can also help in healthcare by examining patients faster or in finance to help predict the market trends, thus enabling us to make the right decisions. All the things above show how this technology solves the real-world problems effectively. ▲ . First, over-reliance on this AI might reduce deep thinking ability, as students may depend on technology too much instead of solving problems independently. If the situation continues like this, our creativity and imagination will be greatly influenced. Besides, privacy (隐私) is another concern, because this AI system requires a lot of data and information, which could be misused if they are not properly protected. For example, in February 2025, DeepSeek was hit by a cyber-attack. The attackers stole a lot of users’ information. Additionally, this AI technology can be expensive, making it difficult for everyone to afford it, which may cause inequality. DeepSeek’s AI offers many benefits, such as improving education and solving complex problems. However, as we all know, “Every coin has double sides”, it also has its drawbacks, including potential (潜在的) over-reliance, privacy risks, and high costs. As students, it’s important to use such technology wisely and stay aware of its limitations. Balancing its advantages and disadvantages can help us make the most of AI in the future. 1．According to the passage, in which ways, does DeepSeek’s AI help solve the real-world problems effectively? ① in treating the patient faster     ② in predicting the market trends    ③ in giving students quick feedback ④ in offering study materials        ⑤ in doing homework for students A．①②③ B．②③⑤ C．②③④ D．①②④ 2．Which sentence can be put into ▲ ? A．DeepSeek’s AI can also influence our thinking ability B．The efficiency of DeepSeek’s AI really helps us a lot C．With DeepSeek’s AI, our life will be in a mess D．However, there are still downsides of DeepSeek’s AI 3．Why is “cyber-attack” mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To show that DeepSeek’s AI is popular among people. B．To show that DeepSeek’s AI can always bring us troubles. C．To show that DeepSeek’s AI can’t be protected properly. D．To show that DeepSeek’s AI might put our privacy at risk. 4．According to the passage, which of the following about DeepSeek’s AI is true? A．It can help identify students’ strong and weak points. B．It can offer us useful information in a few hours. C．It is affordable for everyone of us. D．Relying on it will reduce deep thinking ability. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国科技公司DeepSeek的AI技术及其在教育、医疗和金融等领域的应用，并探讨了其带来的好处和潜在问题。文章强调了合理使用AI技术的重要性，并提醒人们注意其局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据“In education, DeepSeek’s AI can make learning more personalized for students by identifying strengths and weaknesses, providing study materials, and helping improve efficiency (效率).”、“One major benefit is its ability to analyze (分析) large amounts of data quickly and accurately, which means students can receive timely feedback (反馈) ...”以及“DeepSeek’s AI can also help in healthcare by examining patients faster or in finance to help predict the market trends ...”可知，DeepSeek可以提供学习材料、给学生快速反馈及预测市场趋势，所以②③④正确。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“First, over-reliance on this AI might reduce deep thinking ability ...”、“Besides, privacy (隐私) is another concern ...”以及“Additionally, this AI technology can be expensive ...”可知，这一段主要讨论了DeepSeek AI的缺点，因此选项D“然而，深度求索的人工智能仍有缺点”，符合语境。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Besides, privacy (隐私) is another concern, because this AI system requires a lot of data and information, which could be misused if they are not properly protected.”可知，提到网络攻击是为了说明DeepSeek的AI可能会使我们的隐私面临风险。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“In education, DeepSeek’s AI can make learning more personalized for students by identifying strengths and weaknesses ...”可知，该AI能识别学生的优势和弱点，A项表述正确；根据“... DeepSeek’s AI can help you find some useful information about this city in just a few seconds.”可知，是几秒钟而非几小时，B项表述错误；根据“Additionally, this AI technology can be expensive, making it difficult for everyone to afford it ...”可知，该人工智能技术成本高昂，并非所有人都能负担得起，C项表述错误；根据“First, over-reliance on this AI might reduce deep thinking ability ...”可知，是过度依赖该人工智能可能会降低深度思考能力，D项表述绝对，错误。故选A。 Chinese scientists have made a new and important photonic chip (光子芯片). It is expected to help 6G wireless communication develop much faster. This new technology was created by a team from Peking University and City University of Hong Kong, working together. What makes this chip special is its ability to cover a very wide frequency range (频率范围)—from 0.5 GHz to 115 GHz. This means one single chip can do the work of several separate devices. Before, we needed those devices to handle different frequency bands. Also, the chip’s transmission speed can be over 120 gigabits per second. That is fast enough to download many high-definition movies in just one second. What makes this chip even more amazing is its intelligence. It can automatically find out which frequency bands are busy. Then it can switch to the ones that are not being used. This helps keep the connection more stable and reliable (可靠的), even in difficult environments. The technology uses a special material called lithium niobate (铌酸锂). This material lets the chip process signals well. At the same time, it reduces power consumption (功耗). This new idea solves a key problem in making 6G systems work in real life. This big breakthrough means future 6G networks may support new and advanced uses. For example, they can help with remote surgery (doing surgery from far away) and advanced virtual reality (虚拟现实). They can also make seamless connectivity possible—this means you can stay connected from the deep sea to outer space without stopping. Right now, the research team is trying to make the technology smaller. They want to put it into different devices. This progress shows that China is getting stronger in next-generation communication technology. It also brings us one step closer to the 6G era. 1．Which of the following statements is right? A．The chip was made by Tsinghua Univ. and Peking Univ. B．The transmission speed of the chip is exactly 120 gigabits per second. C．The chip can automatically switch to free frequency bands. D．The new chip is widely used in many fields in China. 2．Which of the following is the correct order of the information about the new photonic chip? ① The chip uses a special material called lithium niobate. ② A team from Peking University and City University of Hong Kong created the chip. ③ The chip can support advanced uses like remote surgery in future 6G networks. ④ The chip has a wide frequency range and high transmission speed. A．②→④→①→③ B．②→①→④→③ C．④→②→①→③ D．①→④→②→③ 3．What can we know about the research team’s next work? A．They will stop studying the photonic chip and start developing 7G technology. B．They may test the miniaturized chip to see if it works well in different devices. C．They will only use the chip in remote surgery first, not other fields. D．They will change the material of the chip to make it more expensive. 4．What is the main topic of the passage? A．How to download high-definition movies quickly B．A new photonic chip developed by Chinese scientists for 6G C．Different uses of virtual reality technology D．The history of communication technology development 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国科学家研发的一款新型光子芯片，阐述了其特点、所用材料、未来应用及研究进展，该芯片有望助力6G无线通信更快发展。 1．细节理解题。根据“This new technology was created by a team from Peking University and City University of Hong Kong, working together.”，“Also, the chip’s transmission speed can be over 120 gigabits per second.”，“It can automatically find out which frequency bands are busy. Then it can switch to the ones that are not being used.”以及“Right now, the research team is trying to make the technology smaller. They want to put it into different devices.”可知，该芯片由北京大学和香港城市大学的团队研发，传输速度超过120千兆比特/秒，能自动切换到空闲频段，且目前未被广泛应用。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章内容，首先提到“② A team from Peking University and City University of Hong Kong created the chip.”（芯片的研发团队）；接着介绍“④ The chip has a wide frequency range and high transmission speed.”（芯片的宽频率范围和高传输速度）；然后说明“① The chip uses a special material called lithium niobate.”（芯片使用的特殊材料）；最后提及“③ The chip can support advanced uses like remote surgery in future 6G networks.”（芯片在未来6G网络中的应用）。故正确顺序为②→④→①→③。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Right now, the research team is trying to make the technology smaller. They want to put it into different devices”可知，研究团队下一步正努力缩小技术尺寸，并希望将其应用于不同设备，即可能会测试小型化芯片在不同设备中的运行情况。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕中国科学家研发的一款新型光子芯片展开，介绍了其研发团队、特性、使用材料、未来应用及研究进展，核心是这款为6G研发的新型光子芯片。故选B。 Eleven of the world’s languages have at least one hundred million native (本土的) speakers. The biggest are Chinese, English, Spanish, Arabic and Hindi. Next come Portuguese, Bengali, Russian, Japanese, French and German. But the world has about seven thousand languages. As many as half of these may be at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. That would mean one language dies every two weeks. Members of the Siletz Indian tribe (部落) in Oregon, a northwestern state of America, take pride in their language. Their language, they say, “is as old as time itself.” But today, very few people can speak it well. More than ten thousand words and phrases can be found in the Siletz Online Talking Dictionary. Professor Harrison has posted talking dictionaries for seven other highly endangered languages from around the world. __①__ Smartphone Apps, YouTube videos and Facebook pages have all become digital (数码的) tools for language experts. Professor Harrison and the researchers in Oregon have mapped areas of endangered languages. One is the Pacific Northwest in the United States. Others include the upper Amazon basin (亚马逊盆地) in South America, Siberia (西伯利亚) and northern Australia. __②__ In Canada’s far north, the Inuit (因纽特) people are trying hard to save their native language, Inuktitut. Part of the effort comes from Microsoft. The company is translating words in its Windows operating system and Office software into Inuktitut. __③__ Nowadays, so many people spend their whole day sitting in front of a computer. If you’re sitting in front of your computer in English all day, that just improves your English. If you’re now using Inuktitut, that is your language. Microsoft has also worked with language experts in New Zealand, Spain and Wales to translate its software into more different languages, such as Maori, Basque, Catalan and Welsh. __④__ 1．People of the Siletz Indian tribe are proud of their language because ________. A．it has a long history B．it was created in Northwest America C．few people speak it smoothly D．it’s hard to count the number of it 2．Which is the most suitable place to put the sentence “He says technology can spread the influence of major languages but also help save endangered ones.”? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 3．What is the text mainly about? A．Efforts made to find endangered languages. B．The languages having the most speakers worldwide. C．The contributions researchers made to the Siletz Indian. D．The influences of modern technology on endangered languages. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文探讨了全球语言濒危现象及现代科技在语言保护中的作用，通过印第安部落、微软翻译等案例说明技术如何助力濒危语言的留存。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Their language, they say, ‘is as old as time itself.’”可知，Siletz部落因其语言历史悠久而自豪。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Professor Harrison has posted talking dictionaries for seven other highly endangered languages from around the world....Smartphone Apps, YouTube videos and Facebook pages have all become digital (数码的) tools for language experts.”可知，这里是科技工具被用来拯救濒危语言的具体例子，“He says technology can spread the influence of major languages but also help save endangered ones”中He（他）能明确指代前一句提到的Professor Harrison，并且“help save endangered ones” （帮助拯救濒危语言）完美地引出了后面科技工具的具体应用，所以这句话最适合放在①处。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。全文围绕技术对濒危语言的影响展开，如在线词典、微软翻译等（第三至五段），强调科技的保护作用。故选D。 Chinese government quickly took action against companies breaking consumer rights after the 2025 3·15 Consumer Rights Gala showed illegal activities (违法行为) like food safety problems and AI-driven harassment (骚扰) calls. This yearly event, organized by China Media Group for over 30 years, has become a strong warning to businesses that cheat people. After the Gala, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) carried out surprise checks overnight in nine provinces. They promised they will punish those who broke the rules seriously. For example, a factory in Guangdong was fined ¥2 million for selling poor-quality baby products. At the same time, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology started looking into companies making illegal automated calls. Phone companies were ordered to shut down 15,000 phone lines that were not allowed by law, and websites took down over 200 tools for sending too many calls. This year’s Gala showed serious problems in different industries: —Some baby brands sold old products as new, putting babies in danger.   —Factories made single-use underwear without cleaning them properly. —Shrimps were filled with harmful chemicals to make them 20% heavier, fooling buyers. —A secret market sold tools for sending millions of unwanted calls. —Stores sold unsafe electrical wires that could cause fires. Food safety was a key focus. In Yancheng, Jiangsu province, 12 seafood companies were caught using harmful chemicals in shrimps. To solve this, SAMR will start a new national food safety reporting system in May 2025. This system will let people report problems through a mobile app, making the process more open and efficient. China has worked harder to protect consumers in recent years. Last year, SAMR received 39.24 million online problems reported by people and helped them get back ¥5.16 billion. These efforts include stricter laws, public education programs, and working with technology companies to stop illegal activities. “The 3·15 Gala doesn’t just show problems—it pushes companies and regulators to take action,” said Wang Peng, a researcher at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences. This event reminds everyone that protecting consumer rights is a shared responsibility. 1．What is the main purpose of the 3·15 Gala according to the first paragraph? A．To help companies sell more products. B．To teach consumers how to save money. C．To punish companies that break the rules. D．To show illegal business activities to the public. 2．What did SAMR do right after the Gala? A．They made new consumer laws. B．They returned money to consumers. C．They started a new food safety system. D．They checked businesses without telling them first. 3．What is the main benefit of the new national food safety reporting system? A．It works through the Internet using phones and computers. B．It allows people to report food safety problems more easily. C．It reduces how many food safety reports people need to make. D．It makes punishments for rule-breaking companies much stronger. 4．What do the large numbers about complaints and returned money tell us? A．Most stores now sell higher quality products. B．Less people are having problems with products. C．Consumer protection work is getting good results. D．The way we report problems needs to be improved a lot. 5．What is the most important lesson we can learn from this article? A．Protecting shoppers needs everyone to work together. B．TV shows like 3·15 Gala can solve shopping problems. C．Businesses will improve if they get punished for mistakes. D．The government should do everything to protect consumers. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国政府在2025年3·15消费者权益晚会后迅速采取行动打击侵害消费者权益的企业，并介绍了晚会曝光的多行业违法行为及后续监管措施。     1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This yearly event...has become a strong warning to businesses that cheat people.”（这一年度活动已成为对欺诈企业的严厉警示）可知，3·15晚会的主要目的是曝光违法行为以警示企业，即向公众展示非法商业活动。故选D。 2．细节理解题。 根据文章第二段“SAMR carried out surprise checks overnight in nine provinces”（市场监管总局连夜在九省突击检查）可知，监管部门采取了“不提前通知的检查”，所以监管部门未提前告知即检查企业。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“This system will let people report problems through a mobile app, making the process more open and efficient.”（该系统允许人们通过手机应用举报问题，使流程更公开高效）可知，新系统的优势是便于举报，让人们更容易举报食品安全问题。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“SAMR received 39.24 million online complaints...and helped recover ¥5.16 billion”（市场监管总局受理3924万起投诉并帮助挽回51.6亿元）可推知，消费者保护工作成效显著，取得良好效果。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段研究员王鹏的观点“protecting consumer rights is a shared responsibility”（保护消费者权益是共同责任）可知，核心启示是需多方协作，保护消费者需要所有人共同努力。故选A。 ①When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. ②For weeks in January, large wildfires spread through Los Angeles. They destroyed a large number of homes and many people lost their lives. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. “Is there a secret attack on L.A．homes?” they asked. The simple answer is no. As plenty of pictures and videos from Los Angeles show, trees can and do catch fire. ③But it’s true that some did not burn. Scientists say there is a simple explanation for that. ④It is all about moisture. “It’s quite easy to understand,” said Miranda Hart, a biology professor. “Trees are filled with thousands: and thousands of liters (升) of water.” To be clear, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. “In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough ‘fuel’ (燃料) on either side of it,” Prof. Hart added. ⑤In addition, the tree type also matters. Certain trees are more likely to catch fire. Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers-trees with needlelike (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite. ⑥In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But based on the research, palm trees are especially easy to spread fire because of their structure and type. So, to reduce fire risks, the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn and spread rapidly during wildfires and endanger the people and objects nearby. 1．Some people had doubts about the wildfires in Los Angeles because ________. A．they have lasted much longer than usual B．hidden enemies attacked homes and cars C．some trees remained unchanged in the fires D．pictures of the fires spread across the Internet 2．The underlined word “moisture” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．dry condition B．water content C．high heat D．cold temperature 3．How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart? a tree full of water    a dry thing    fire’s path A． B． C． D． 4．According to the passage, which type of tree is easier to catch fire? A．Trees with thin, narrow and hard leaves. B．Trees which drop their leaves every year. C．Trees with rich water in their broad leaves. D．Trees that are taller than the others around. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this text according to the theory (理论) below? problem-raising (提出) → problem-analyzing (分析) → problem-solving A．①②→③④→⑤⑥ B．①②→③④⑤→⑥ C．①→②③→④⑤⑥ D．①→②③④⑤→⑥ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在洛杉矶发生的大规模山火中，人们发现一些房屋被烧毁却有的树木依然未被波及，从而引发了人们的质疑。接着文章从水分含量和树木种类两个方面分析了有些树难以被引燃的原因，并指出棕榈树等易燃树种会加剧火势，最后提出了当地消防部门减少种植易燃棕榈树的做法。 1．细节理解题。根据第②段“Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. ‘Is there a secret attack on L.A. homes?’ they asked.”可知，人们看到火灾现场的房屋和车辆严重受损，而树木却看似完好无损，因而对火灾的真实性和起因存疑。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据第④段教授的解释可知，这里强调树木内部富含大量水分，故该词应指“水分”或“水含量”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。文中“But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire.”提到，如果树木水分充足，火焰往往会绕过树木，转而先点燃干燥的可燃物。对照选项，能体现“火焰绕过树木”这一特点的示意图对应选项B。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers-trees with needlelike (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite.”文中指出针叶树或结构特殊的棕榈树更容易被点燃，因为它们的叶片干燥、细长。选项A“叶片细长坚硬的树”与此相符。故选A。 5．篇章结构题。本文的结构按照“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题”展开。第①②段提出疑问（为何有些树没被烧）；第③④⑤段分析树木耐火的原因；第⑥段提出减少种植易燃棕榈树的解决措施，对应“①② → ③④⑤ → ⑥”。故选B。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (南京专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 健康与运动,说明文 2 适中 科普知识,说明文 3 适中 科普知识,说明文 4 较难 科普知识,说明文 5 适中 竞技/比赛,说明文 6 较难 体育精神,说明文,体育名人 7 较难 意见/建议,哲理感悟,说明文 8 适中 天体与宇宙,说明文 9 较易 学习策略,阅读,方法/策略,说明文 10 较难 发明与创造,说明文 11 适中 发明与创造,信息技术,说明文 12 较难 科学技术,发明与创造,说明文 13 适中 科学技术,语言与文化,说明文 14 较难 科普知识,说明文,公共秩序 15 较难 科普知识,自然灾害与防范,说明文 【中考真题】 Exercise is important in our life. We ask 2000 people between 20 and 24 years old about their exercise habits. The diagrams below (下列图表) show the results. It is clear to see the fewest people think exercise is not important and people choose different kinds of activities to keep healthy. Exercise is good for both the mind and the body. So start exercising now, and it is never too late! 1．From diagram I, what percent of the people think exercise is very important? A．40% B．50% C．8% D．2% 2．According to Diagram II, how many people exercise 3 to 5 times a week? A．300 B．500 C．520 D．240 3．What can we know from the text? A．They ask 500 women about their exercise habits. B．The fewest people think exercise is a little important. C．About 10% of the people exercise more than twice a week. D．It is never too late to exercise. A new study suggests that roosters can recognize themselves in a mirror (镜子). Scientists use the “mark test” to test whether an animal can recognize itself. A mark is put on an animal, usually in a spot that can only be seen in a mirror. Then the animal is allowed to look in a mirror. If the animal seems to pay attention to the mark, scientists believe the animal has recognized itself. The list of animals who can recognize themselves in a mirror isn’t long. The skill has mainly been found in animals with large brains, like dolphins, chimpanzees and elephants. Until recently, only one kind of bird had passed the test. Scientists at the University of Bonn in Germany recently ran the mark test on roosters. They put a pink triangle (三角形) on the chests of the roosters. But when the roosters looked in a mirror, they didn’t seem to notice the mark. The scientists then needed a different way to test whether the roosters could recognize themselves. When there’s danger—like a hawk (鹰) flying above—roosters make loud calls to warn nearby chickens. But roosters only make the cries if other chickens can hear them. If they’re alone, they remain quiet so the hawk won’t see them. The scientists realized that they could use the shadow (影子) of a hawk to test whether or not the roosters thought they were alone—even when they could see “another” chicken in a mirror. First, the scientists let the roosters spend time getting used to being in a closed-in space and having a mirror around. Then, they ran several tests by making a hawk shadow appear above a rooster and watching how it reacted. When there was no mirror, the roosters reacted as usual. It called out when it was near another rooster (Picture ▲ ), but remained quiet when it was alone. But when a rooster was in a space where it could see itself in the mirror, it wasn’t fooled into thinking there was another rooster. It remained silent under the hawk shadow. It did this even if there was a rooster hidden behind the mirror. The scientists say the results show that the roosters knew they were seeing themselves in the mirror, and not other roosters. 1．What is the purpose of the “mark test”? A．To test a bird’s ability to fly. B．To measure an animal’s brain size. C．To see if an animal can recognize itself. D．To compare different animals’ intelligence. 2．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．Hawks. B．Roosters. C．Chickens. D．Scientists. 3．Which of the following pictures can be put into ▲ ? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Roosters prefer to make no sounds when it faces danger alone. B．Roosters are not as smart as dolphins, chimpanzees and elephants. C．The mark test can exactly tell if an animal can recognize itself in the mirror. D．When seeing its image in the mirror, the rooster thinks there’s another rooster. You can volunteer with three or four friends to do a team experiment (实验). First, you need to know a little about the water cycle. The water cycle starts when the sun heats ocean water. The sun converts, or changes, the water into water vapor (蒸气). The sun and wind cause the water vapor to rise into the air. Water vapor cools off in the atmosphere (大气层), or the air that surrounds Earth. Then it changes to drops of water. The drops then cluster, or hold together, forming a cloud. The water in the cloud falls as rain or snow. It may fall back into the ocean, or it may fall on land. If it falls on land, it finally works its way back to the ocean as a water overflow called runoff. As you begin your experiment, remember this amazing fact. The amount of water on Earth now is the same as it was in the past and will be in the future. About 71% of Earth’s surface is water. This includes not only the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes. It also includes the water in clouds, rain, snow, and groundwater and in the icy areas at the North and South Poles. Now make a model of the water cycle with a partner or small group. Use the instructions below: ●Fill cup about halfway with water. ●Add red food color to the water and stir. ●Use the marker to show water level. ●Put the cup in the bag and sea lit. ●Put the bag in a sunny window. After you finish making the water cycle model, watch carefully what happens to the water in the cup. Check the mark showing the water level. You should see that the water level becomes gradually lower. You should also begin to see small drops of water on the sides and bottom of the bag. The water is evaporating (蒸发) from the heat and then changing from the gas created by evaporating to water drops on the sides of the bag. The drops rundown the sides and will begin to collect at the bottom. This is what happens when the sun heats the ocean. Water vapor rises and forms clouds. The drops running down the sides of the bag are like rain filling on Earth. 1．In which part does “runoff” appear in the picture? A．A B．B C．C D．D 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Earth’s surface.B．The water on Earth. C．Your experiment. D．This amazing fact. 3．How does the writer introduce the way of making the water cycle model? A．By showing the steps in order. B．By explaining cause and effect. C．By comparing and contrasting. D．By providing the examples in detail. 4．What can we learn from the experiment? A．Successful experiments need a lot of time and hard work. B．Simple experiments can also help understand science well. C．Students do the experiment in order to show their team spirit. D．Students know the amount of water on Earth from the experiment. 5．From which is the passage most probably taken? A．A storybook. B．A book review. C．A science magazine. D．A tourist guide. After reading so much, you may wonder how to make a book. It’s time for you to have a try! Have you ever wondered how a book is made? It takes a lot of people to make a book. It can take months, or even years, for a book to go from an idea to a finished product. A book begins when an author comes up with an idea for a book. Authors get ideas in different ways. They may get ideas from their own lives, from watching the world around them, or from reading. Next, an author may plan the book by making an outline （提纲）. Sometimes authors do research to gather information. They may read books or articles. They may interview people or visit places. Then, the author begins to write. Authors may write for months or years to finish a manuscript. A manuscript is the text an author produces for publication. Finally, the author sends the completed manuscript to a publisher. If the publisher decides to publish the book, the author works with an editor. An editor reads the manuscript. Then he or she recommends changes to improve the book. A copy editor reads the manuscript to correct any grammatical mistake. After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look. The designer may choose the size, shape, and type styles for the book. Some picture book authors create their own illustrations（插图）. If not, an illustrator is chosen to create pictures for the book. The illustrator makes sketches of pictures that will go on each page. The sketches are sent to the publishing company. The editor makes sure the pictures clearly tell the story. The designer checks how the words and pictures will fit together on the pages. After the design changes are made, the illustrator begins creating the final pictures. He or she may change the colours, the perspective, or the composition of pictures. It may take months to create all the pictures. The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages. The completed pages are sent to the printer. Many books are still made into books with paper pages. The printer uses huge printing presses to make the pages. The pages are fixed together. The book cover is added. The finished books are then sent to the publisher’s warehouse. They are stored there until they are bought by libraries and bookstores. E-readers have changed how some books are made. Some authors do not use a publisher at all. Instead of sending a manuscript to a publisher, some authors turn their manuscripts into eBooks themselves. Finally, an author’s eBook is uploaded（上传）to virtual bookstores on the Internet. Customers can buy and download eBooks from these websites. 1．According to the passage, the designer’s job is to ________. A．create pictures for the book B．make an outline of the book C．decide how the book will look D．correct grammatical mistakes in the book 2．Your first book will be published soon. What will first happen to it after the illustrator has created the final pictures? A． B． C． D． 3．The writer uses the LAST paragraph to ________. A．introduce the history of eBooks B．describe the disadvantages of eBooks C．show the development of making a book D．ask customers to support authors in making a book 4．The writer explains how to make a book by ________. A．giving causes B．showing steps C．providing examples D．expressing opinions 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．From Idea to Book B．Different Kinds of Books C．Workers in the Publishing House D．Between Publishers and Customers 【热点话题练习】 The Jiangsu Football City League, also called Su Chao, has become a big hit on the Chinese Internet. Many interesting slogans like “No cheating, just real rivalries” and “Game first, friendship fourteenth” show how intense the match is! Organized by the Jiangsu sports department and 13 city governments, the league encourages everyone to join and play for their city’s honor. It started on May 10 and will end on Nov 2. There are 516 players from 13 teams, including students, professional players, and many amateurs aged 16 to 40. Matches mostly happen on weekends, with one round each week. Some cities offer freebies to attract visiting fans. For example, Suqian gives free tickets to tourist spots and local snacks. Journalist Wu talked about why this league is different. He said that in China, people usually copy big leagues from other countries because they love the World Cup so much. But Jiangsu did something new. “Here, players are not famous stars getting paid a lot of money. They’re just common people you might know. The fans aren’t just strangers—they’re your family, friends, and neighbors. The soccer field isn’t just for professional players—it’s a place where everyone feels welcome,” Wu explained. “This league isn’t about being the best in the world. It’s about getting as many local people involved as possible. And that’s even better because it makes soccer a part of everyday life. Now, each city will have its own special soccer stories to remember.” 1．How long does the Jiangsu Football City League last? A．About 2 months. B．About 4 months. C．About 6 months. D．About 8 months. 2．What does the example of Suqian show us? A．Suqian has the most delicious snacks. B．The matches in Suqian are the most exciting. C．Suqian is trying new ways to welcome fans. D．All tourist spots in Suqian are free now. 3．What makes the league special according to Journalist Wu? A．It only has a lot of famous stars. B．It is only for the professional players. C．It is copied from other countries. D．It makes soccer a part of everyday life. 4．Where can we probably read this passage? A．A history report.B．A book review. C．A science novel. D．A sports magazine. Italy, long celebrated for its food, art and clothes, has added a new cultural passion: tennis. While once considered an average tennis nation, Italy now has seven male players ranked in the world’s top 60, a level of talent matched only by the US. France and Russia have five top-60 players each, according to Reuters. What sets the Italians apart is their youth: Among the nine men in the top 100, six are aged between 20 and 23, promising a strong talent stream for years to come. At the front is Jannik Sinner, a four-time Grand Slam champion. His on-court success and modest (谦逊的) personality have turned him into a national figure (人物). “We never had the front page of Gazzetta dello Sport (a widely read daily newspaper in Italy) showing tennis, and now tennis is in all papers, no matter what Sinner does,” long-time journalist Ubaldo Scanagatta told CNN. Italy’s tennis rise, however, is more than just one player. The Italian tennis federation (FITP) has spent over a decade reshaping player development. Angelo Binaghi, FITP president since 2001, told Reuters that in the last 10-15 years, they’ve expanded training and increased financial, technical and mental support for young athletes. Promising athletes under 16 no longer leave home for national centers. Instead, they develop at home with private coaches, supported by regional training places and guided by federation “super-coaches”, Michelangelo dell’Edera, Davis Cup team manager and head of the under-16 field, told Reuters. “It’s been extraordinary (非凡的), and quite unusual for Italian people who are individualistic (个人主义的) by nature.” International experts like Craig O’Shannessy, formerly with Novak Djokovic, have also helped change the game. Since 2016, O’Shannessy has worked for the federation and assisted (协助) the rise of Matteo Berrettini, a famous player from Italy into the top 10. He uses data analysis (数据分析) to develop strategic training made specifically for the players. “I wanted to... get them to play where the coaches could see strengths and weaknesses clearly. Then coaches could offer better guidance instead of a cookie-cutter approach (千篇一律的方法),” he told CNN. Italy’s commitment includes major events. Turin has hosted the ATP Finals since 2021, originally scheduled through 2025. However, due to its success, the event will remain in Italy until 2030, AP News reported. 1．Why is Jannik Sinner mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To show he is the only Grand Slam champion in Italy. B．To explain why Gazzetta dello Sport only reports tennis now. C．To illustrate his role in boosting tennis’ popularity in Italy. D．To prove he is the youngest Italian top player. 2．What has the FITP been doing for over a decade? A．Focusing on developing only one top tennis player. B．Reshaping the way young tennis players are developed. C．Reducing financial support for young athletes. D．Closing all regional training places for teenagers. 3．What change has the FITP made to the training of under-16 promising athletes? A．They must train at national centers far from home. B．They train at home with private coaches and get a lot of support. C．They are guided only by federation “super-coaches”. D．They have to give up private coaches and join regional teams. 4．What does Craig O’Shannessy use to develop training plans for Italian players? A．Traditional coaching experience. B．Data analysis. C．Novak Djokovic’s training model. D．The “cookie-cutter approach”. ①We make decisions every day, from simple choices like what to eat for lunch to important ones like which high school to enter. But sometimes it can be hard to make the correct decision. What barriers (障碍) are preventing us from reaching better results? ②For some people, making decisions is difficult. According to Alice Boyes, a writer for Harvard Business Review, this difficulty can be related to perfectionism. Perfectionists try to find the best solution to every problem and are unable to move forward when they can’t find one. There are also other obstacles when making decisions. For example, they set unrealistic expectations, expect the worst result and don’t accept uncertainty. ③According to Professor Susan Krauss from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, US, people often make poor decisions because they depend on personal biases (偏见) rather than the background in which things happen. Different biases influence our decisions in different ways. For example, having a self-serving bias means making decisions that make us feel good about ourselves, even if they might not be the best decisions for anyone else. Authority (权威) bias happens when we trust someone just because they are an authority person, even if others might have better ideas. ④For perfectionists, it is important to set realistic expectations. Uncertainty is normal when making difficult choices. We can’t predict the future and many situations do not have a single correct decision. All we can do is to make the most suitable choice with the information we have at the time. ⑤For people who find themselves making decisions with bias, the most important thing is to realize that they have biases in the first place. To do this, we can analyze (分析) our performance by looking at past decisions and results. Asking for feedback (反馈) from others also helps. Collecting new views on our decision-making abilities can help us realize personal biases and prevent them from influencing future decisions. 1．What is self-serving bias according to the text? A．Making decisions that make ourselves feel good. B．Setting unrealistic expectations when making decisions. C．Being afraid of uncertainty and unable to make decisions. D．Trusting someone just because they are an authority person. 2．What does the underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．advantages B．chances C．methods D．difficulties 3．How does the writer show the influence of different biases in Paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By showing opinions. 4．What does the writer advise to avoid barriers when making decisions? A．Collect others’ views to realize personal biases. B．Set realistic expectations and predict the future. C．Ask for the information others have at the time. D．Analyze people’s present decisions and outcomes. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? A．B． C． D． After the moon, the next place for humans to live besides Earth might be Mars. But Mars is no ready-made Earth. We’d have to make it Earth-like. Is this possible, or is this just an idea from a sci-fi movie? • Is there oxygen on Mars? To live on Mars, humans need water, food, a place to live, and a warm environment with enough oxygen (氧气). Mars’ air is mostly made of a gas (气体) that we can’t breathe, and there’s very little oxygen, making it very cold at night. One idea to make Mar’ air better is to crash water-rich comets (彗星) and asteroids (小行星) into the planet. This could give off gases and water and make the air thicker. NASA has shown that crashing asteroids is possible, but many large ones would be needed. • Making it a ‘tasty’ place to live To grow food on Mars, we need soil (土壤), but there are many harmful things on the ground of Mars. One idea is to clean out the perchlorates (高氯酸盐) and add fertilizers (肥料) to help plants grow. A controlled greenhouse (温室) might be easier to use. However, providing the right amounts of oxygen, water, and food is very difficult. On Earth, scientists are trying a similar idea with Biosphere 2, a closed ecosystem (生态系统) with a controlled environment. But the scientists still have a hard time getting things just right. • Building homes Buildings on Mars could be 3D-printed, but they would need special protection until Mars’ environment becomes more like Earth. However, there are many more challenges. For example, unlike Earth, Mars doesn’t have a magnetosphere (磁层), which means harmful radiation (辐射) can reach it. Creating a protective magnetic field (磁场) is difficult. But no matter what happens, such work to make Mars more like Earth is not a waste of time. For example, work on 3D-printing technology to make homes on Mars is being used to help print homes on Earth and solve the problem of not having enough places for people to live. 1．What is one of the main challenges of growing food on Mars? A．The cold temperatures at night. B．Shortage of perchlorates in the soil. C．The small size of the greenhouse. D．The presence of harmful things in the soil. 2．What does the underlined phrase “similar idea” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Building controlled greenhouses on Mars. B．Growing plants with better soil without harmful things. C．Controlling the environment in a greenhouse to grow plants. D．Providing the right amounts of oxygen and water on Mars. 3．What is one way to protect buildings on Mars from harmful radiation? A．Using 3D-printing technology. B．Creating a protective magnetic field. C．Adding extra layers of magnetosphere. D．Using special materials to block radiation. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．What makes Mars suitable for human living. B．How Mars is changing through human efforts. C．Why Mars is a challenging planet for humans. D．What we need to do to make Mars livable. The Power of Active Reading: A Better Way to Learn    Reading is an important skill for students—it helps you learn new knowledge, improve vocabulary, and understand the world better. But not all reading is the same. Many students read passively: they just move their eyes across the page, but don’t think deeply about what they’re reading. This kind of reading doesn’t help you remember or understand information well. Active reading, however, is a more effective learning method that can help you get more out of every book or article.     So what is active reading? It means engaging with the text while you read—asking questions, taking notes, and connecting ideas. Here are some key steps to active reading. First, before you read, set a goal. Ask yourself: “What do I want to learn from this text?” For example, if you’re reading a history chapter about the Industrial Revolution, your goal might be to understand its main causes and effects. Setting a goal helps you stay focused and avoid getting distracted.     Second, while reading, take notes. You can underline important sentences, write down key terms, or jot down questions you have. For example, if you read that “steam engines changed manufacturing,” you can note: “Steam engines—key to Industrial Revolution, made production faster.” Taking notes helps you remember information and makes it easier to review later. It also forces you to think about what’s important in the text.     Third, ask questions as you read. Good questions include: “Why did this happen?” “How does this connect to what I already know?” and “Do I agree with the author’s point?” For example, if you’re reading a science article about climate change, you might ask: “How do human activities affect climate change?” Asking questions keeps your mind active and helps you understand the text more deeply.     Fourth, after reading, review and reflect. Go back to your notes and answer the questions you wrote down. You can also summarize the main ideas of the text in your own words. For example, after reading a novel chapter, you might summarize: “The main character decided to leave home to pursue her dream, but she was worried about her family.” Reflecting on what you’ve read helps you organize information and remember it for a longer time.     Active reading takes more time and effort than passive reading, but it’s worth it. It helps you learn better, remember more, and think critically. Whether you’re reading a textbook, a novel, or a news article, active reading can improve your learning experience. Try it next time you read—you’ll be surprised at how much more you get out of the text. 1．What is passive reading? A．Engaging with the text by asking questions. B．Taking notes while reading. C．Moving eyes across the page without deep thinking. D．Summarizing the text after reading. 2．Why is setting a goal important for active reading? A．It helps you stay focused and avoid distraction. B．It helps you finish reading faster. C．It helps you avoid taking notes. D．It helps you read more books. 3．What can you do while reading to practice active reading? A．Only move your eyes across the page. B．Take notes and ask questions. C．Ignore difficult words and sentences. D．Read the text quickly without stopping. 4．What should you do after active reading? A．Forget about the text and move to the next one. B．Blame yourself for not reading fast enough. C．Throw away your notes. D．Review notes and reflect on the text. 5．What is the main advantage of active reading? A．It takes less time than passive reading. B．It lets you read more books at once. C．It helps you learn better and remember more. D．It helps you avoid difficult texts. A humanoid robot named “Xue Ba 01” has made history by being admitted as a PhD student in drama, film and television at the Shanghai Theatre Academy. It is China’s first embodied intelligent robot to enroll in a doctoral program, with the admission announced at the 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai. Developed by a team led by Professor Li Qingdu from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Xue Ba 01 is lightweight and has good endurance. Its appearance was designed by Professor Yang Qingqing from the Shanghai Theatre Academy, who now serves as its academic advisor. “It’s like a ‘bionic human’ with realistic looks, expressions, and movements,” explained Professor Li, aiming to create natural human—robot interactions. The four-year PhD program, a result of a 2021 cooperation between the two universities, combines art and robotics. Xue Ba 01 will study cognitive modeling, stage performance, and embodied control. It will attend classes, join drama practices, and work in AI-performing arts labs alongside other students. Professor Li highlighted the program’s significance: “If it masters performing, it could provide emotional support. Unlike humans, robots don’t get tired, making them useful for long-term companionship and repeated performances.” Challenges include improving the robot’s ability to move and express emotions like humans. Academician Zhang Jianwei called it a “groundbreaking experiment,” noting robots’ fast learning ability will impact future education. “We need them to understand people, scenes, and arts,” he said. 1．Which university admitted Xue Ba 01 as a PhD student? A．University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. B．Shanghai Theatre Academy. C．Beijing Film Academy. D．Tsinghua University. 2．What can we infer from Professor Li’s words? A．Robots will replace human performers soon. B．Robots have better acting skills than humans. C．Robots may be used in fields requiring long-term interaction. D．Robots get tired easily during performances. 3．The underlined word “embodied” in paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．having a physical form B．being highly intelligent C．working independently D．learning quickly 4．How is the passage structured? A．Problem-solution. B．Event-introduction-analysis. C．Comparison-contrast. D．Time order. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The development history of Xue Ba 01. B．The future of AI in education. C．How robots are trained in performing arts. D．A robot becomes China’s first PhD student in drama. Recently, a Chinese technology company called DeepSeek has caught global attention. It mainly focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) as well as big data and aims to solve problems in areas like education, healthcare, and finance (财政). The DeepSeek’s AI is designed to make life easier and more productive, but we still need to treat it in a reasonable way. What can DeepSeek’s AI bring to us? In education, DeepSeek’s AI can make learning more personalized for students by identifying strengths and weaknesses, providing study materials, and helping improve efficiency (效率). One major benefit is its ability to analyze (分析) large amounts of data quickly and accurately, which means students can receive timely feedback (反馈) and specially-designed learning plans. For example, when your teacher asks you to write a report about Wuhan, DeepSeek’s AI can help you find some useful information about this city in just a few seconds. DeepSeek’s AI can also help in healthcare by examining patients faster or in finance to help predict the market trends, thus enabling us to make the right decisions. All the things above show how this technology solves the real-world problems effectively. ▲ . First, over-reliance on this AI might reduce deep thinking ability, as students may depend on technology too much instead of solving problems independently. If the situation continues like this, our creativity and imagination will be greatly influenced. Besides, privacy (隐私) is another concern, because this AI system requires a lot of data and information, which could be misused if they are not properly protected. For example, in February 2025, DeepSeek was hit by a cyber-attack. The attackers stole a lot of users’ information. Additionally, this AI technology can be expensive, making it difficult for everyone to afford it, which may cause inequality. DeepSeek’s AI offers many benefits, such as improving education and solving complex problems. However, as we all know, “Every coin has double sides”, it also has its drawbacks, including potential (潜在的) over-reliance, privacy risks, and high costs. As students, it’s important to use such technology wisely and stay aware of its limitations. Balancing its advantages and disadvantages can help us make the most of AI in the future. 1．According to the passage, in which ways, does DeepSeek’s AI help solve the real-world problems effectively? ① in treating the patient faster     ② in predicting the market trends    ③ in giving students quick feedback ④ in offering study materials        ⑤ in doing homework for students A．①②③ B．②③⑤ C．②③④ D．①②④ 2．Which sentence can be put into ▲ ? A．DeepSeek’s AI can also influence our thinking ability B．The efficiency of DeepSeek’s AI really helps us a lot C．With DeepSeek’s AI, our life will be in a mess D．However, there are still downsides of DeepSeek’s AI 3．Why is “cyber-attack” mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To show that DeepSeek’s AI is popular among people. B．To show that DeepSeek’s AI can always bring us troubles. C．To show that DeepSeek’s AI can’t be protected properly. D．To show that DeepSeek’s AI might put our privacy at risk. 4．According to the passage, which of the following about DeepSeek’s AI is true? A．It can help identify students’ strong and weak points. B．It can offer us useful information in a few hours. C．It is affordable for everyone of us. D．Relying on it will reduce deep thinking ability. Chinese scientists have made a new and important photonic chip (光子芯片). It is expected to help 6G wireless communication develop much faster. This new technology was created by a team from Peking University and City University of Hong Kong, working together. What makes this chip special is its ability to cover a very wide frequency range (频率范围)—from 0.5 GHz to 115 GHz. This means one single chip can do the work of several separate devices. Before, we needed those devices to handle different frequency bands. Also, the chip’s transmission speed can be over 120 gigabits per second. That is fast enough to download many high-definition movies in just one second. What makes this chip even more amazing is its intelligence. It can automatically find out which frequency bands are busy. Then it can switch to the ones that are not being used. This helps keep the connection more stable and reliable (可靠的), even in difficult environments. The technology uses a special material called lithium niobate (铌酸锂). This material lets the chip process signals well. At the same time, it reduces power consumption (功耗). This new idea solves a key problem in making 6G systems work in real life. This big breakthrough means future 6G networks may support new and advanced uses. For example, they can help with remote surgery (doing surgery from far away) and advanced virtual reality (虚拟现实). They can also make seamless connectivity possible—this means you can stay connected from the deep sea to outer space without stopping. Right now, the research team is trying to make the technology smaller. They want to put it into different devices. This progress shows that China is getting stronger in next-generation communication technology. It also brings us one step closer to the 6G era. 1．Which of the following statements is right? A．The chip was made by Tsinghua Univ. and Peking Univ. B．The transmission speed of the chip is exactly 120 gigabits per second. C．The chip can automatically switch to free frequency bands. D．The new chip is widely used in many fields in China. 2．Which of the following is the correct order of the information about the new photonic chip? ① The chip uses a special material called lithium niobate. ② A team from Peking University and City University of Hong Kong created the chip. ③ The chip can support advanced uses like remote surgery in future 6G networks. ④ The chip has a wide frequency range and high transmission speed. A．②→④→①→③ B．②→①→④→③ C．④→②→①→③ D．①→④→②→③ 3．What can we know about the research team’s next work? A．They will stop studying the photonic chip and start developing 7G technology. B．They may test the miniaturized chip to see if it works well in different devices. C．They will only use the chip in remote surgery first, not other fields. D．They will change the material of the chip to make it more expensive. 4．What is the main topic of the passage? A．How to download high-definition movies quickly B．A new photonic chip developed by Chinese scientists for 6G C．Different uses of virtual reality technology D．The history of communication technology development Eleven of the world’s languages have at least one hundred million native (本土的) speakers. The biggest are Chinese, English, Spanish, Arabic and Hindi. Next come Portuguese, Bengali, Russian, Japanese, French and German. But the world has about seven thousand languages. As many as half of these may be at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. That would mean one language dies every two weeks. Members of the Siletz Indian tribe (部落) in Oregon, a northwestern state of America, take pride in their language. Their language, they say, “is as old as time itself.” But today, very few people can speak it well. More than ten thousand words and phrases can be found in the Siletz Online Talking Dictionary. Professor Harrison has posted talking dictionaries for seven other highly endangered languages from around the world. __①__ Smartphone Apps, YouTube videos and Facebook pages have all become digital (数码的) tools for language experts. Professor Harrison and the researchers in Oregon have mapped areas of endangered languages. One is the Pacific Northwest in the United States. Others include the upper Amazon basin (亚马逊盆地) in South America, Siberia (西伯利亚) and northern Australia. __②__ In Canada’s far north, the Inuit (因纽特) people are trying hard to save their native language, Inuktitut. Part of the effort comes from Microsoft. The company is translating words in its Windows operating system and Office software into Inuktitut. __③__ Nowadays, so many people spend their whole day sitting in front of a computer. If you’re sitting in front of your computer in English all day, that just improves your English. If you’re now using Inuktitut, that is your language. Microsoft has also worked with language experts in New Zealand, Spain and Wales to translate its software into more different languages, such as Maori, Basque, Catalan and Welsh. __④__ 1．People of the Siletz Indian tribe are proud of their language because ________. A．it has a long history B．it was created in Northwest America C．few people speak it smoothly D．it’s hard to count the number of it 2．Which is the most suitable place to put the sentence “He says technology can spread the influence of major languages but also help save endangered ones.”? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 3．What is the text mainly about? A．Efforts made to find endangered languages. B．The languages having the most speakers worldwide. C．The contributions researchers made to the Siletz Indian. D．The influences of modern technology on endangered languages. Chinese government quickly took action against companies breaking consumer rights after the 2025 3·15 Consumer Rights Gala showed illegal activities (违法行为) like food safety problems and AI-driven harassment (骚扰) calls. This yearly event, organized by China Media Group for over 30 years, has become a strong warning to businesses that cheat people. After the Gala, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) carried out surprise checks overnight in nine provinces. They promised they will punish those who broke the rules seriously. For example, a factory in Guangdong was fined ¥2 million for selling poor-quality baby products. At the same time, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology started looking into companies making illegal automated calls. Phone companies were ordered to shut down 15,000 phone lines that were not allowed by law, and websites took down over 200 tools for sending too many calls. This year’s Gala showed serious problems in different industries: —Some baby brands sold old products as new, putting babies in danger.   —Factories made single-use underwear without cleaning them properly. —Shrimps were filled with harmful chemicals to make them 20% heavier, fooling buyers. —A secret market sold tools for sending millions of unwanted calls. —Stores sold unsafe electrical wires that could cause fires. Food safety was a key focus. In Yancheng, Jiangsu province, 12 seafood companies were caught using harmful chemicals in shrimps. To solve this, SAMR will start a new national food safety reporting system in May 2025. This system will let people report problems through a mobile app, making the process more open and efficient. China has worked harder to protect consumers in recent years. Last year, SAMR received 39.24 million online problems reported by people and helped them get back ¥5.16 billion. These efforts include stricter laws, public education programs, and working with technology companies to stop illegal activities. “The 3·15 Gala doesn’t just show problems—it pushes companies and regulators to take action,” said Wang Peng, a researcher at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences. This event reminds everyone that protecting consumer rights is a shared responsibility. 1．What is the main purpose of the 3·15 Gala according to the first paragraph? A．To help companies sell more products. B．To teach consumers how to save money. C．To punish companies that break the rules. D．To show illegal business activities to the public. 2．What did SAMR do right after the Gala? A．They made new consumer laws. B．They returned money to consumers. C．They started a new food safety system. D．They checked businesses without telling them first. 3．What is the main benefit of the new national food safety reporting system? A．It works through the Internet using phones and computers. B．It allows people to report food safety problems more easily. C．It reduces how many food safety reports people need to make. D．It makes punishments for rule-breaking companies much stronger. 4．What do the large numbers about complaints and returned money tell us? A．Most stores now sell higher quality products. B．Less people are having problems with products. C．Consumer protection work is getting good results. D．The way we report problems needs to be improved a lot. 5．What is the most important lesson we can learn from this article? A．Protecting shoppers needs everyone to work together. B．TV shows like 3·15 Gala can solve shopping problems. C．Businesses will improve if they get punished for mistakes. D．The government should do everything to protect consumers. ①When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. ②For weeks in January, large wildfires spread through Los Angeles. They destroyed a large number of homes and many people lost their lives. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. “Is there a secret attack on L.A．homes?” they asked. The simple answer is no. As plenty of pictures and videos from Los Angeles show, trees can and do catch fire. ③But it’s true that some did not burn. Scientists say there is a simple explanation for that. ④It is all about moisture. “It’s quite easy to understand,” said Miranda Hart, a biology professor. “Trees are filled with thousands: and thousands of liters (升) of water.” To be clear, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. “In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough ‘fuel’ (燃料) on either side of it,” Prof. Hart added. ⑤In addition, the tree type also matters. Certain trees are more likely to catch fire. Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers-trees with needlelike (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite. ⑥In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But based on the research, palm trees are especially easy to spread fire because of their structure and type. So, to reduce fire risks, the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn and spread rapidly during wildfires and endanger the people and objects nearby. 1．Some people had doubts about the wildfires in Los Angeles because ________. A．they have lasted much longer than usual B．hidden enemies attacked homes and cars C．some trees remained unchanged in the fires D．pictures of the fires spread across the Internet 2．The underlined word “moisture” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．dry condition B．water content C．high heat D．cold temperature 3．How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart? a tree full of water    a dry thing    fire’s path A． B． C． D． 4．According to the passage, which type of tree is easier to catch fire? A．Trees with thin, narrow and hard leaves. B．Trees which drop their leaves every year. C．Trees with rich water in their broad leaves. D．Trees that are taller than the others around. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this text according to the theory (理论) below? problem-raising (提出) → problem-analyzing (分析) → problem-solving A．①②→③④→⑤⑥ B．①②→③④⑤→⑥ C．①→②③→④⑤⑥ D．①→②③④⑤→⑥ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $