题型08 阅读理解之议论文10篇（长沙专用）（中考典例+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习（长沙专用）

题型08 阅读理解之议论文10篇 (长沙专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,议论文,意见/建议 2 较易 语言与文化,议论文 3 较易 网络的利弊,青少年问题,议论文 4 较易 教育,议论文 5 适中 教育,议论文,叙事忆旧 6 适中 科学技术,议论文,美术与摄影 7 适中 发明与创造,议论文 8 适中 阅读,议论文 9 适中 城市,旅行,议论文 10 适中 哲理感悟,方法/策略,议论文 【中考真题】 One morning, I stopped at my favorite restaurant to get something to eat and got comfortable at a small table. Shortly after, I noticed four young people sitting at a table near me. After simply greeting each other and ordering, they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived. After photographing their food, they ate, continuing to look at their phones. I was wondering why they came here to eat together. They were phubbing, or phone snubbing (冷落), a very common problem these days. You may not know the word “phubbing”, but this kind of act is not strange to you. In fact, 32% of people report that they are phubbed two or three times a day. Do you have a conversation on your phone while talking to another person face to face? Do you scroll (上下滑动) through your phone while eating with someone for fear of missing out? If your answer is yes to either of them, you might be a “phubber”. The writer of The Psychology of Phubbing did a survey and found that the influence of phubbing on relationships can be very harmful or destructive. For example, children felt that parents who phubbed them didn’t care about them. This led to a feeling of being left out. Also, partners who were phubbed might be less satisfied with the relationship because of jealousy (嫉妒) and worries. Phubbing is a learned act, so unlearning it is possible. Start by accepting the problem. Set a time limit (限制) for not using your phone. Create areas where phones are off-limits. Don’t let the modern technology which is designed (设计) to bring people together separate you from others. 1．What did the four young people keep doing before their orders arrived? A．Greeting each other. B．Looking at their phones. C．Photographing their food. 2．How does the writer introduce the word “phubber” in Paragraph 3? A．By raising questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving reasons. 3．What does the underlined word “destructive” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．微乎其微的 B．积极正向的 C．有破坏性的 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To warn people against phubbing. B．To show how phones bring people closer. C．To present the advantages of modern technology. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了低头族现象和“phubbing”这个词的来源，并倡导人们减少使用手机的时间去做其他有意义的事情。 1．细节理解题。根据“After simply greeting each other and ordering, they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived.”可知，几个人一直在盯着手机看，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Do you have a conversation on your phone while talking to another person face to face? Do you scroll (上下滑动) through your phone while eating with someone for fear of missing out?”可知，作者在第三段通过提出问题介绍“phubber”这个词。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“...found that the influence of phubbing on relationships can be very harmful or destructive”可知，此处destructive与“harmful”语意相近，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文介绍了低头族现象和“phubbing”这个词的来源，并倡导人们减少使用手机的时间去做其他有意义的事情。故选A。 【热点话题练习】 Recently, an article titled “Chinese Characters Whose Pronunciations Have Changed” has caused heated discussions online. It’s said that some pronunciations, which were considered to have been misread before, are now correct. They even include the characters in some famous sentences from ancient poems. One example is by Du Mu from the Tang Dynasty “Up a long path amid the rocks I climb so high, there are houses in the depths of clouds white”. About the changes, different people have different ideas. Many Internet users disagreed with the changes. They argued that changing pronunciations would change the rhyme (韵律) of the sentences in poems, destroying the beauty of Chinese literature. However, supporters of the change said, “This is how language improves, and the pronunciations should meet the needs of society, instead of remaining in the past.” An officer from the Ministry of Education explained that most of the so-called “new” pronunciations have not yet been confirmed (确认). But according to the fifth and sixth edition (版本) of the Modern Chinese Dictionary, quite a few pinyin spelling have already been changed, such as “呆板 (from ái to dāi)” and 确凿 (from zuò to záo). So, Professor Zhang Yiwu from Peking University told China Daily that pronunciation changes are normal and necessary as language changes and they will not destroy traditional culture. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Many false pronunciations in Chinese. B．Some famous sentences in ancient poems. C．Some misread pronunciations are right now. 2．Which is the proper meaning of the underlined poems in the passage? A．黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山。 B．远上寒山石径斜，白云生处有人家。 C．两岸青山相对出，孤帆一片日边来。 3．Why do some people support the pronunciation changes? A．Because they want to make a new language. B．Because they think the old language should be replaced. C．Because they think the language should fit the needs of society. 4．According to the last paragraph, what is Zhang Yiwu’s attitude to the changes? A．He supports the changes. B．He disagrees with the changes. C．He doesn’t give any clear opinions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了汉字发音变化引发的争议，包括反对者认为破坏古诗韵律美，支持者认为语言需适应社会需求，并引用教育部和学者的观点说明变化的合理性。 1．细节理解题。根据“It’s said that some pronunciations, which were considered to have been misread before, are now correct.”可推知，部分曾被误读的发音现已被接受。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线诗句“Up a long path amid the rocks I climb so high, there are houses in the depths of clouds white”以及常识可知，与选项B“远上寒山石径斜，白云生处有人家”意境完全匹配。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“the pronunciations should meet the needs of society”（发音应满足社会需求）可推知，支持者认为语言需适应社会发展。故选C。 4．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段张颐武教授的观点“pronunciation changes are normal and necessary…they will not destroy traditional culture”可知，他认为发音变化是正常且必要的，不会破坏传统文化，因此他应是持支持态度。故选A。 Do you often use social media (社交媒体) in your life? Social media is a place where users can share photos and talk to each other online. It is very popular—millions of people use social media every day. People are discussing whether social media has a positive or negative effect (积极或消极影响) on young people. Although some people think social media is a positive thing, many are worried about the harmful things it brings to young people. James, a 15-year-old student, thinks that social media has many benefits (益处). “I get very nervous when I talk to people in real life—I find it so much easier to express myself when I use social media. Another benefit is that I hardly ever forget anyone’s birthday now because I can look it up online.” Lots of users agree that social media helps young people stay connected with their friends and make new friends from around the world. However, social media also has many problems. Social media may help young people find friends, but it also makes it easier for them to get hurt. Some parents believe that social media makes it harder for families to spend time together. They say their children are so crazy about social media that they pay less attention to the rest of their family. Many teachers think social media can distract (使分心) their students from schoolwork. It’s true that social media has some problems, and it is very important to control the time we spend online. However, social media can be a positive thing for young people. 1．What does the underlined word “harmful” mean in Paragraph 1? A．bad. B．fascinating. C．amazing. 2．James loves social media because it helps him ________. A．learn more knowledge and different cultures B．express himself more easily C．get better grades at school 3．What do some parents think of social media? A．It distracts children from schoolwork. B．It makes family time more difficult. C．It improves children’s communication skills. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The importance of social media. B．The reasons why social media is popular. C．The positive and negative effects of social media on young people. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，围绕社交媒体对年轻人的影响展开讨论，先说明社交媒体很受欢迎，然后通过举例分别论述了它对年轻人的积极影响和消极影响，最后得出社交媒体虽有问题，但合理控制使用时间对年轻人也有积极意义的结论。 1．词句猜测题。根据前文“People are discussing whether social media has a positive or negative effect (积极或消极影响) on young people.”以及“Although some people think social media is a positive thing, many are worried about...”可知，这里说的是社交媒体给年轻人带来的不好的东西，所以“harmful”意思是“有害的，不好的”，与“bad”意思相近，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“I get very nervous when I talk to people in real life—I find it so much easier to express myself when I use social media.”可知，詹姆斯喜欢社交媒体是因为它让他更容易表达自己，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Some parents believe that social media makes it harder for families to spend time together.”可知，一些家长认为社交媒体让家人相处的时间变得更困难，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章开篇提出人们在讨论社交媒体对年轻人的影响，接着分别阐述了社交媒体对年轻人的积极影响和消极影响，所以文章主要讲的是社交媒体对年轻人的积极和消极影响，故选C。 Do Kids Need Homework? School is a big part of life, not just for kids but for their families. There are many reports and discussions about what’s best for students. Everyone has their own opinions. And they don’t always agree. Do kids need homework? It depends. Some readers from a famous magazine think that the extra (额外的) work reviews what they have learnt in class. And it also helps teachers find where students need more help. Others say homework adds to students’ stress and takes time away from exercise or learning something new. In order to know what kind of homework kids should do and how much kids need, the magazine interviewed several kids. Karen, 9 Kids need homework. When they learn something new in school, reviewing it at home helps them remember it. Our homework gives our teachers valuable information. It tells them how much students are paying attention in class and who needs extra help. Michael, 9 In my opinion, giving students homework is a bad idea. After school, kids need experiences that build a healthy mind and body. Homework is not supposed to stress kids out. When there is too much homework, students do poorly in homework. In fact, doing homework poorly is worse than doing no homework. As long as students are working hard in class, it’s best not to give them extra work. Robert, 8 Kids need homework. But that depends. Middle and high school students can do more homework. At my school, primary students get homework, but not too much. My teacher might ask us to learn spelling words at home, and each week we’ll be given a test. Susan, 11 Kids don’t need homework. They’re learning for six hours a day at school. Adding another hour of work for kids to do at home is just having them repeat what they’ve been doing all day. Besides, homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork, because they keep kids active. 1．What did the magazine do about homework? A．It had a discussion. B．It did a report. C．It did an interview. 2．Who supports the idea of giving students homework? A．Karen. B．Michael. C．Susan. 3．What will happen when homework is too much according to Paragraph 4? A．Students will do no homework. B．Students will do homework poorly. C．Students will build a healthy mind and body. 4．What does “These” refer to (指代) in the last paragraph? A．Kids. B．Subjects. C．Activities like team sports. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，围绕“孩子是否需要家庭作业”展开讨论，通过杂志采访不同学生的观点呈现正反双方的论据。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“the magazine interviewed several kids”可知，杂志采取的方式是采访。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Karen, 9  Kids need homework.”可知，Karen支持布置作业。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“When there is too much homework, students do poorly in homework.”可知，当作业过多时，学生会做得很差。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Besides, homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork”可知，家庭作业占用了团队运动等活动的时间，这些活动和功课一样重要。由此可知，These指代activities like team sports“团队运动之类的活动”。故选C。 If you grew up in an unusual family and felt limited by heavy thoughts, how would you change your life story? In the book Educated, the US writer Tara Westover shows us how she deals with hard times. The book talks about Westover’s life. Her father had a junkyard (废品场) in Idaho, US. It’s a very small mountain village. Tara and her brothers and sisters worked every day. Before she turned 17, she had never traveled outside. None of the kids in her family had ever been to a school or a hospital. As she got older, she felt that she needed to get away from this uncomfortable situation. Luckily, Westover’s older brother taught her to read. With hard work, Westover went to college on a scholarship, and later got a Ph.D in History at Cambridge University. Education changed her, her life, her way of thinking and even her luck. After reading the book, I come to feel the deepest thanks for my own family, and the education I got. Education allows girls like Westover to fly like birds toward their own goals. It allows us to get a different view, find new experiences, better understand others and explore the wider world. I wish for all of us to be like free and powerful birds, growing and changing through challenges and difficulties. 1．What’s the writing purpose of paragraph 1? A．To attract readers’ interest. B．To collect Westover’s opinion. C．To show how to deal with hard times. 2．What can we learn about Westover’s life from paragraph 2? A．Her brother got a PhD in History. B．She left the small village in childhood. C．Her life in the village was uncomfortable. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Directions of birds’ flying.B．The ways of thinking. C．The power of education. 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A reading plan. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要通过介绍《Educated》中Tara Westover的成长经历及教育对她的改变，表达了对教育力量的感悟，呼吁人们在挑战中成长。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you grew up in an unusual family and felt limited by heavy thoughts, how would you change your life story?”可知，作者通过提出一个假设性的问题，引发读者的思考和兴趣，从而引出对《Educated》这本书的介绍。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“As she got older, she felt that she needed to get away from this uncomfortable situation.”可知，Westover在村子里的生活是不舒服的。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Education changed her, her life, her way of thinking and even her luck. ”可知，主要讲了教育改变了Westover的生活、思维方式甚至运气，还提到教育让像Westover这样的女孩能够朝着自己的目标飞翔，让我们能够获得不同的视角、找到新的体验、更好地理解他人和探索更广阔的世界。由此可见，最后一段主要讲述的是教育的力量。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“In the book Educated, the US writer Tara Westover shows us how she deals with hard times.”并通读全文可知，文章介绍了《Educated》这本书的作者Tara Westover的生活经历，以及教育对她的改变，还表达了作者自己阅读这本书后的感受和思考。由此可推断，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B。 At first look, it seems to be Johannes Vermeer’s work “Girl with a Pearl Earring”. But a closer look and you may find something different about it. There are two shining earrings and a little unusual shadow (阴影) of red on the girl’s face. Look strange? It’s actually a picture made by a Dutch designer Julian Van Dieken who used artificial intelligence (AI). Among 3,482 pictures which were created based on Johannes Vermeer’s work, this AI-generated (生成) work was chosen to show, in the Mauritshuis museum in the Netherlands. “One of the most famous paintings in history is being replaced by one of my AI pictures,” Van Dicken wrote on Instagram. He said that the experience was “crazy” and “unreal” However, the AI picture caused wide discussion. Though the press officer (新闻发言人) of the Mauritshuis museum, Boris de Munnick, said that “it’s a nice and creative way of making it”, many people questioned whether it could be called art and be shown in the museum, reported AFP. Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the picture on show as “something unexpected”, AFP noted. She added that “it’s an insult to the works of Vermeer and also to any working artist. Knowing that it was shown in a museum, I feel that it’s a real slap (掌掴) in the face.” In fact, this is not the first time people have discussed the use of AI. As Taylor Michael explained, some worry AI art breaks copyright laws (版权法). Artists sar these tools use their works without permission (允许). Also the increasing use of AI in creative works may do harm to the development of art. 1．What do you know about the picture made by Julian Van Dieken? A．It looks the same as Johannes Vermeer’s work. B．It’s an AI artwork on show in a museum. C．It was made by mixing 3,482 pictures together. 2．How did Mauritshuis museum like the AI picture? A．Unreal. B．Crazy. C．Creative. 3．Which is close to the underlined word “insult” in meaning in Paragraph 5? A．忽略 B．冒犯 C．抛弃 4．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The different opinions about AI artworks. B．The problems and future of AI artworks. C．The advantage of AI artworks on the art market. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讨论了人工智能在艺术创作中的应用及其引发的广泛讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据“It’s actually a picture made by a Dutch designer Julian Van Dieken who used artificial intelligence (AI)... this AI-generated (生成) work was chosen to show, in the Mauritshuis museum in the Netherlands.”可知，这是博物馆展出的AI艺术品，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“it’s a nice and creative way of making it”可知，博物馆认为这是富有创造性的一种艺术方式。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“it’s an insult to the works of Vermeer and also to any working artist. Knowing that it was shown in a museum, I feel that it’s a real slap (掌掴) in the face.”结合她的情绪和上下文可知，Iris Compiet知道它在博物馆展出，认为这幅AI生成的作品是对Vermeer作品的“侮辱”，并且对任何艺术家来说都是一种“掌掴”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要讨论了人工智能在艺术创作中的应用及其引发的广泛讨论，选项A“关于人工智能艺术品的不同观点”符合主题，故选A。 Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look? The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind? For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face. Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate. To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How? Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer! 1．Why do scientists think a robot needs a face? A．It can do better in lifting things. B．It will pay more attention to children. C．It can better communicate with people. 2．What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2? A．看起来不舒服 B．不可能接触 C．穿起来很合适 3．Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with? A．He wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. B．People can easily accept robots with a human face. C．Robots shouldn’t look too much like humans. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To explain the reasons why robots should look like humans. B．To suggest what humans can do with robots with skin. C．To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要围绕机器人面部设计展开讨论，呈现两种对立观点：Mary主张机器人应避免过度拟人化以免引发不适，强调功能性；Dave则认为拟人化设计（如模拟表情的皮肤）能促进人机互动。 1．细节理解题。根据“And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly.”可知，科学家认为机器人需要一张脸以便更友好地与人类交流，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid.”可知，“creepy”指机器人过于像人时会引发不适感，意为“看起来不舒服”，故选A。 3．观点态度题。根据“Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible.”可知，Dave认为人们最终会接受高度拟人化的机器人，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文通过对比Mary和Dave的观点，探讨机器人面部设计应偏向拟人化还是机械化的分歧，选项C“分享关于机器人应该拥有什么样的面孔的想法。”符合，故选C。 Whether you’re sitting down to read one of the Harry Potter books, or a non-fiction book filled with facts about nature, reading for fun is a wonderful hobby to have. Not only is it enjoyable to read stories that you’re interested in, but research has shown that reading for fun every day is also very good for mental health and helps people feel happier. However, last year a study found that just over half of children enjoyed reading, which was fewer than before. Other researches show reading for fun goes down as children grow up. Not everybody likes reading for fun. Some people think reading is a good habit to keep up. Another research this year has shown that pupils who read for fun make progress in their vocabulary, spelling and even maths. This means that you can be learning even if you’re reading for your own enjoyment. Reading in your free time also can make you relax, as you can put yourself into the story that you’re reading and forget about other worries for a while. Reading for fun is also very good for your health and can help develop your social skills. Others think reading for fun shouldn’t be a must-do. They think it’s important to realize that not everyone has the same hobbies, so not everyone will enjoy reading for fun. People can do other things that they enjoy when they’re free, such as playing sports or playing video games. Also, people may love to read but might not have time or want to do it every day. Many young people do enough reading at school and for homework. They may need to take a break from reading and do other things for fun. Reading for enjoyment shouldn’t be a must-do. 1．Why are the Harry Potter books mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To explain a reason to read. B．To lead to the discussion. C．To encourage readers to buy them. 2．What did last year’s study show? A．Students improved their vocabulary through reading. B．Fewer children liked reading than before. C．Many children were developing different hobbies. 3．What can we learn about pupils reading for fun from Paragraph 3? A．They can make progress in spelling. B．They can develop many good habits. C．They enjoy solving others’ worries. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Is reading still important? B．Why do people refuse to read? C．Should you read for fun every day? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要探讨了阅读的益处和目前阅读兴趣下降的现象，同时强调了兴趣的多样性和个体差异。 1．推理判断题。根据“Not only is it enjoyable to read stories that you’re interested in, but research has shown that reading for fun every day is also very good for mental health and helps people feel happier.”可知，提到《哈利·波特》书籍是为了引出关于阅读的讨论。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章中“last year a study found that just over half of children enjoyed reading, which was fewer than before.”可知，去年的研究表明，比以前更少的孩子喜欢阅读。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“pupils who read for fun make progress in their vocabulary, spelling and even maths.”可知，学生在词汇，拼写方面取得进步。故选A。 4．最佳标题。根据“Some people think reading is a good habit to keep up.”“Others think reading for fun shouldn’t be a must-do.”可知，文章探讨了是否应该每天阅读的问题。故选C。 The phrase “southern spuds” becomes popular, thanks to Harbin, a city in Northeastern China that has taken the Internet by storm. Over 3 million tourists poured into Harbin during the three-day New Year holiday. And many of them came from southern China where snow was nowhere to be found. Harbin locals gave these visitors a cute nickname “southern spuds”. It is because southern people are usually shorter and they look like small potatoes when wearing thick jackets and hats. To Harbin people, this name is not to make fun of southerners, but to create a sense of warmth with humor. Harbin tried everything to meet tourists’ needs, especially those from the south. Cooks carefully cut the local frozen pear into small pieces. Concerts find their way into shopping malls. A drone (无人机) lifts a man-made moon for tourists to take photos. Harbin really went all out to make them happy. However, even though they did all these to please the southern tourists, this nickname “southern spuds” sparked a discussion on the Internet. While Harbin locals use the name to show warmth and goodwill, some visitors feel that calling them “small potatoes” is making fun of their height. Even though people from northeast are sincere and warm, we have to admit (承认) that there is regional stereotype (地区刻板印象) in some parts of China. Nowadays, people travel all the time. Therefore, it’s important to make the world a more welcoming place. After all, everyone likes kindness and dislikes discrimination (歧视), whether it’s on purpose or not. 1．According to Paragraph 2, why do Harbin people call southerners “southern spuds”? A．Because southerners like to eat small potatoes. B．Because southerners sell small potatoes in Harbin. C．Because southerners look like spuds in thick jackets and hats. 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Southern travelers were very happy with Harbin tourism. B．Harbin tried its best to attract tourists and make them happy. C．Harbin cooks made some nice food for southern tourists. 3．According to the last paragraph, how should we treat people from different places? A．We should be kind and welcoming. B．We should not discriminate them on purpose. C．We should do every thing to make them happy. 4．What does the writer think of the nickname “southern spuds”? A．He thinks it’s funny. B．He doesn’t express his own opinion. C．He thinks it’s improper. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了“南方小土豆”这一词汇流行的原因，以及其引发的争议。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is because southern people are usually shorter and they look like small potatoes when wearing thick jackets and hats.”可知，南方人通常比较矮，穿厚夹克和戴厚帽子时看起来像小土豆，所以被称为“南方小土豆”。故选C。 2．段落大意题。根据“Harbin tried everything to meet tourists’ needs, especially those from the south.”可知，第三段主要介绍了哈尔滨尽最大努力吸引游客，让他们开心。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Therefore, it’s important to make the world a more welcoming place. After all, everyone likes kindness and dislikes discrimination (歧视), whether it’s on purpose or not.”可知，每个人都喜欢友善，不喜欢歧视，由此推知招待来自不同地方的游客，我们应该友好和欢迎。故选A。 4． 观点态度题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了“南方小土豆”这一词汇流行的原因，以及其引发的争议，作者在文中没有表达对一别称的看法。故选B。 Do you compare yourself with other people? Perhaps your best friend received something you really wanted for Christmas, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness. Why does focusing on me matter? “We prefer to compare ourselves with others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves”, says psychologist (心理学家) Nicola Abbott. “But comparing your achievements with your past self (where you started) and your future self (where you’d like to get to) can be more positive.” This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top. That is to say, as long as you’re better than your past self, it doesn’t matter if you’re not first. Do comparisons make you unhappy? Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it’s important to be realistic and remember that nobody is perfect. Taking note of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too. If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you’re good at. Antrobus agrees. She says that asking yourself questions like “What do I feel proud of?” and “What improvements can I notice?” can help to be more confident. “Jealousy (嫉妒) is an ordinary feeling,” says Antrobus, “but focusing on improving your own performance can help you feel just as successful. Besides, learning to celebrate your friend’s achievements can help not only to improve your friend’s feeling but can also help you feel good.” 1．Which of the following might Nicola Abbott agree with according to Paragraph 2? A．Comparing with others makes us happy and encouraged. B．It’s easier for us to be the first if we always compare with others. C．It’s better to compare your achievement with your past self and future self. 2．What does the underlined phrase “come out on top” mean in Paragraph 2? A．成功出版 B．名列前茅 C．盛极一时 3．What is the writer’s purpose of using a question in the first three paragraphs? A．To ask for help from readers. B．To lead readers to think about the topic. C．To tell us how to pay attention to ourselves. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Focus on Yourself B．The Art of Making Comparison C．Be Yourself or Change yourself? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了与他人比较的利弊，并强调关注自身进步对幸福的重要性。心理学家建议将注意力放在自己的成长上，而非一味追求超越他人。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段Nicola Abbott的观点“But comparing your achievements with your past self…and your future self…can be more positive.”可知，她认为将你的成就与过去的自己以及未来的目标比较会更积极。选项C“最好将你的成就与过去的自己和未来的自己进行比较。”与此完全一致。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段上下文“as long as you’re better than your past self, it doesn’t matter if you’re not first”可知，只要比过去的自己更好，是否第一并不重要，可推断，“come out on top”指“名列前茅”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。前三段以问题开头，结合后文逐步引导读者思考比较的利弊及自我关注的重要性。选项B“引导读者思考主题”最贴合写作目的。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。全文核心围绕“关注自身进步”展开，如第二段“focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile”和末段“focusing on improving your own performance”。选项A“关注自己”最能概括主旨。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型08 阅读理解之议论文10篇 (长沙专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,议论文,意见/建议 2 较易 语言与文化,议论文 3 较易 网络的利弊,青少年问题,议论文 4 较易 教育,议论文 5 适中 教育,议论文,叙事忆旧 6 适中 科学技术,议论文,美术与摄影 7 适中 发明与创造,议论文 8 适中 阅读,议论文 9 适中 城市,旅行,议论文 10 适中 哲理感悟,方法/策略,议论文 【中考真题】 One morning, I stopped at my favorite restaurant to get something to eat and got comfortable at a small table. Shortly after, I noticed four young people sitting at a table near me. After simply greeting each other and ordering, they all looked at their phones and continued to do so until their orders arrived. After photographing their food, they ate, continuing to look at their phones. I was wondering why they came here to eat together. They were phubbing, or phone snubbing (冷落), a very common problem these days. You may not know the word “phubbing”, but this kind of act is not strange to you. In fact, 32% of people report that they are phubbed two or three times a day. Do you have a conversation on your phone while talking to another person face to face? Do you scroll (上下滑动) through your phone while eating with someone for fear of missing out? If your answer is yes to either of them, you might be a “phubber”. The writer of The Psychology of Phubbing did a survey and found that the influence of phubbing on relationships can be very harmful or destructive. For example, children felt that parents who phubbed them didn’t care about them. This led to a feeling of being left out. Also, partners who were phubbed might be less satisfied with the relationship because of jealousy (嫉妒) and worries. Phubbing is a learned act, so unlearning it is possible. Start by accepting the problem. Set a time limit (限制) for not using your phone. Create areas where phones are off-limits. Don’t let the modern technology which is designed (设计) to bring people together separate you from others. 1．What did the four young people keep doing before their orders arrived? A．Greeting each other. B．Looking at their phones. C．Photographing their food. 2．How does the writer introduce the word “phubber” in Paragraph 3? A．By raising questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving reasons. 3．What does the underlined word “destructive” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．微乎其微的 B．积极正向的 C．有破坏性的 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To warn people against phubbing. B．To show how phones bring people closer. C．To present the advantages of modern technology. 【热点话题练习】 Recently, an article titled “Chinese Characters Whose Pronunciations Have Changed” has caused heated discussions online. It’s said that some pronunciations, which were considered to have been misread before, are now correct. They even include the characters in some famous sentences from ancient poems. One example is by Du Mu from the Tang Dynasty “Up a long path amid the rocks I climb so high, there are houses in the depths of clouds white”. About the changes, different people have different ideas. Many Internet users disagreed with the changes. They argued that changing pronunciations would change the rhyme (韵律) of the sentences in poems, destroying the beauty of Chinese literature. However, supporters of the change said, “This is how language improves, and the pronunciations should meet the needs of society, instead of remaining in the past.” An officer from the Ministry of Education explained that most of the so-called “new” pronunciations have not yet been confirmed (确认). But according to the fifth and sixth edition (版本) of the Modern Chinese Dictionary, quite a few pinyin spelling have already been changed, such as “呆板 (from ái to dāi)” and 确凿 (from zuò to záo). So, Professor Zhang Yiwu from Peking University told China Daily that pronunciation changes are normal and necessary as language changes and they will not destroy traditional culture. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Many false pronunciations in Chinese. B．Some famous sentences in ancient poems. C．Some misread pronunciations are right now. 2．Which is the proper meaning of the underlined poems in the passage? A．黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山。 B．远上寒山石径斜，白云生处有人家。 C．两岸青山相对出，孤帆一片日边来。 3．Why do some people support the pronunciation changes? A．Because they want to make a new language. B．Because they think the old language should be replaced. C．Because they think the language should fit the needs of society. 4．According to the last paragraph, what is Zhang Yiwu’s attitude to the changes? A．He supports the changes. B．He disagrees with the changes. C．He doesn’t give any clear opinions. Do you often use social media (社交媒体) in your life? Social media is a place where users can share photos and talk to each other online. It is very popular—millions of people use social media every day. People are discussing whether social media has a positive or negative effect (积极或消极影响) on young people. Although some people think social media is a positive thing, many are worried about the harmful things it brings to young people. James, a 15-year-old student, thinks that social media has many benefits (益处). “I get very nervous when I talk to people in real life—I find it so much easier to express myself when I use social media. Another benefit is that I hardly ever forget anyone’s birthday now because I can look it up online.” Lots of users agree that social media helps young people stay connected with their friends and make new friends from around the world. However, social media also has many problems. Social media may help young people find friends, but it also makes it easier for them to get hurt. Some parents believe that social media makes it harder for families to spend time together. They say their children are so crazy about social media that they pay less attention to the rest of their family. Many teachers think social media can distract (使分心) their students from schoolwork. It’s true that social media has some problems, and it is very important to control the time we spend online. However, social media can be a positive thing for young people. 1．What does the underlined word “harmful” mean in Paragraph 1? A．bad. B．fascinating. C．amazing. 2．James loves social media because it helps him ________. A．learn more knowledge and different cultures B．express himself more easily C．get better grades at school 3．What do some parents think of social media? A．It distracts children from schoolwork. B．It makes family time more difficult. C．It improves children’s communication skills. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The importance of social media. B．The reasons why social media is popular. C．The positive and negative effects of social media on young people. Do Kids Need Homework? School is a big part of life, not just for kids but for their families. There are many reports and discussions about what’s best for students. Everyone has their own opinions. And they don’t always agree. Do kids need homework? It depends. Some readers from a famous magazine think that the extra (额外的) work reviews what they have learnt in class. And it also helps teachers find where students need more help. Others say homework adds to students’ stress and takes time away from exercise or learning something new. In order to know what kind of homework kids should do and how much kids need, the magazine interviewed several kids. Karen, 9 Kids need homework. When they learn something new in school, reviewing it at home helps them remember it. Our homework gives our teachers valuable information. It tells them how much students are paying attention in class and who needs extra help. Michael, 9 In my opinion, giving students homework is a bad idea. After school, kids need experiences that build a healthy mind and body. Homework is not supposed to stress kids out. When there is too much homework, students do poorly in homework. In fact, doing homework poorly is worse than doing no homework. As long as students are working hard in class, it’s best not to give them extra work. Robert, 8 Kids need homework. But that depends. Middle and high school students can do more homework. At my school, primary students get homework, but not too much. My teacher might ask us to learn spelling words at home, and each week we’ll be given a test. Susan, 11 Kids don’t need homework. They’re learning for six hours a day at school. Adding another hour of work for kids to do at home is just having them repeat what they’ve been doing all day. Besides, homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork, because they keep kids active. 1．What did the magazine do about homework? A．It had a discussion. B．It did a report. C．It did an interview. 2．Who supports the idea of giving students homework? A．Karen. B．Michael. C．Susan. 3．What will happen when homework is too much according to Paragraph 4? A．Students will do no homework. B．Students will do homework poorly. C．Students will build a healthy mind and body. 4．What does “These” refer to (指代) in the last paragraph? A．Kids. B．Subjects. C．Activities like team sports. If you grew up in an unusual family and felt limited by heavy thoughts, how would you change your life story? In the book Educated, the US writer Tara Westover shows us how she deals with hard times. The book talks about Westover’s life. Her father had a junkyard (废品场) in Idaho, US. It’s a very small mountain village. Tara and her brothers and sisters worked every day. Before she turned 17, she had never traveled outside. None of the kids in her family had ever been to a school or a hospital. As she got older, she felt that she needed to get away from this uncomfortable situation. Luckily, Westover’s older brother taught her to read. With hard work, Westover went to college on a scholarship, and later got a Ph.D in History at Cambridge University. Education changed her, her life, her way of thinking and even her luck. After reading the book, I come to feel the deepest thanks for my own family, and the education I got. Education allows girls like Westover to fly like birds toward their own goals. It allows us to get a different view, find new experiences, better understand others and explore the wider world. I wish for all of us to be like free and powerful birds, growing and changing through challenges and difficulties. 1．What’s the writing purpose of paragraph 1? A．To attract readers’ interest. B．To collect Westover’s opinion. C．To show how to deal with hard times. 2．What can we learn about Westover’s life from paragraph 2? A．Her brother got a PhD in History. B．She left the small village in childhood. C．Her life in the village was uncomfortable. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Directions of birds’ flying.B．The ways of thinking. C．The power of education. 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A reading plan. At first look, it seems to be Johannes Vermeer’s work “Girl with a Pearl Earring”. But a closer look and you may find something different about it. There are two shining earrings and a little unusual shadow (阴影) of red on the girl’s face. Look strange? It’s actually a picture made by a Dutch designer Julian Van Dieken who used artificial intelligence (AI). Among 3,482 pictures which were created based on Johannes Vermeer’s work, this AI-generated (生成) work was chosen to show, in the Mauritshuis museum in the Netherlands. “One of the most famous paintings in history is being replaced by one of my AI pictures,” Van Dicken wrote on Instagram. He said that the experience was “crazy” and “unreal” However, the AI picture caused wide discussion. Though the press officer (新闻发言人) of the Mauritshuis museum, Boris de Munnick, said that “it’s a nice and creative way of making it”, many people questioned whether it could be called art and be shown in the museum, reported AFP. Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the picture on show as “something unexpected”, AFP noted. She added that “it’s an insult to the works of Vermeer and also to any working artist. Knowing that it was shown in a museum, I feel that it’s a real slap (掌掴) in the face.” In fact, this is not the first time people have discussed the use of AI. As Taylor Michael explained, some worry AI art breaks copyright laws (版权法). Artists sar these tools use their works without permission (允许). Also the increasing use of AI in creative works may do harm to the development of art. 1．What do you know about the picture made by Julian Van Dieken? A．It looks the same as Johannes Vermeer’s work. B．It’s an AI artwork on show in a museum. C．It was made by mixing 3,482 pictures together. 2．How did Mauritshuis museum like the AI picture? A．Unreal. B．Crazy. C．Creative. 3．Which is close to the underlined word “insult” in meaning in Paragraph 5? A．忽略 B．冒犯 C．抛弃 4．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The different opinions about AI artworks. B．The problems and future of AI artworks. C．The advantage of AI artworks on the art market. Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look? The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind? For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face. Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate. To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How? Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer! 1．Why do scientists think a robot needs a face? A．It can do better in lifting things. B．It will pay more attention to children. C．It can better communicate with people. 2．What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2? A．看起来不舒服 B．不可能接触 C．穿起来很合适 3．Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with? A．He wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. B．People can easily accept robots with a human face. C．Robots shouldn’t look too much like humans. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To explain the reasons why robots should look like humans. B．To suggest what humans can do with robots with skin. C．To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have. Whether you’re sitting down to read one of the Harry Potter books, or a non-fiction book filled with facts about nature, reading for fun is a wonderful hobby to have. Not only is it enjoyable to read stories that you’re interested in, but research has shown that reading for fun every day is also very good for mental health and helps people feel happier. However, last year a study found that just over half of children enjoyed reading, which was fewer than before. Other researches show reading for fun goes down as children grow up. Not everybody likes reading for fun. Some people think reading is a good habit to keep up. Another research this year has shown that pupils who read for fun make progress in their vocabulary, spelling and even maths. This means that you can be learning even if you’re reading for your own enjoyment. Reading in your free time also can make you relax, as you can put yourself into the story that you’re reading and forget about other worries for a while. Reading for fun is also very good for your health and can help develop your social skills. Others think reading for fun shouldn’t be a must-do. They think it’s important to realize that not everyone has the same hobbies, so not everyone will enjoy reading for fun. People can do other things that they enjoy when they’re free, such as playing sports or playing video games. Also, people may love to read but might not have time or want to do it every day. Many young people do enough reading at school and for homework. They may need to take a break from reading and do other things for fun. Reading for enjoyment shouldn’t be a must-do. 1．Why are the Harry Potter books mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To explain a reason to read. B．To lead to the discussion. C．To encourage readers to buy them. 2．What did last year’s study show? A．Students improved their vocabulary through reading. B．Fewer children liked reading than before. C．Many children were developing different hobbies. 3．What can we learn about pupils reading for fun from Paragraph 3? A．They can make progress in spelling. B．They can develop many good habits. C．They enjoy solving others’ worries. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Is reading still important? B．Why do people refuse to read? C．Should you read for fun every day? The phrase “southern spuds” becomes popular, thanks to Harbin, a city in Northeastern China that has taken the Internet by storm. Over 3 million tourists poured into Harbin during the three-day New Year holiday. And many of them came from southern China where snow was nowhere to be found. Harbin locals gave these visitors a cute nickname “southern spuds”. It is because southern people are usually shorter and they look like small potatoes when wearing thick jackets and hats. To Harbin people, this name is not to make fun of southerners, but to create a sense of warmth with humor. Harbin tried everything to meet tourists’ needs, especially those from the south. Cooks carefully cut the local frozen pear into small pieces. Concerts find their way into shopping malls. A drone (无人机) lifts a man-made moon for tourists to take photos. Harbin really went all out to make them happy. However, even though they did all these to please the southern tourists, this nickname “southern spuds” sparked a discussion on the Internet. While Harbin locals use the name to show warmth and goodwill, some visitors feel that calling them “small potatoes” is making fun of their height. Even though people from northeast are sincere and warm, we have to admit (承认) that there is regional stereotype (地区刻板印象) in some parts of China. Nowadays, people travel all the time. Therefore, it’s important to make the world a more welcoming place. After all, everyone likes kindness and dislikes discrimination (歧视), whether it’s on purpose or not. 1．According to Paragraph 2, why do Harbin people call southerners “southern spuds”? A．Because southerners like to eat small potatoes. B．Because southerners sell small potatoes in Harbin. C．Because southerners look like spuds in thick jackets and hats. 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Southern travelers were very happy with Harbin tourism. B．Harbin tried its best to attract tourists and make them happy. C．Harbin cooks made some nice food for southern tourists. 3．According to the last paragraph, how should we treat people from different places? A．We should be kind and welcoming. B．We should not discriminate them on purpose. C．We should do every thing to make them happy. 4．What does the writer think of the nickname “southern spuds”? A．He thinks it’s funny. B．He doesn’t express his own opinion. C．He thinks it’s improper. Do you compare yourself with other people? Perhaps your best friend received something you really wanted for Christmas, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness. Why does focusing on me matter? “We prefer to compare ourselves with others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves”, says psychologist (心理学家) Nicola Abbott. “But comparing your achievements with your past self (where you started) and your future self (where you’d like to get to) can be more positive.” This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top. That is to say, as long as you’re better than your past self, it doesn’t matter if you’re not first. Do comparisons make you unhappy? Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it’s important to be realistic and remember that nobody is perfect. Taking note of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too. If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you’re good at. Antrobus agrees. She says that asking yourself questions like “What do I feel proud of?” and “What improvements can I notice?” can help to be more confident. “Jealousy (嫉妒) is an ordinary feeling,” says Antrobus, “but focusing on improving your own performance can help you feel just as successful. Besides, learning to celebrate your friend’s achievements can help not only to improve your friend’s feeling but can also help you feel good.” 1．Which of the following might Nicola Abbott agree with according to Paragraph 2? A．Comparing with others makes us happy and encouraged. B．It’s easier for us to be the first if we always compare with others. C．It’s better to compare your achievement with your past self and future self. 2．What does the underlined phrase “come out on top” mean in Paragraph 2? A．成功出版 B．名列前茅 C．盛极一时 3．What is the writer’s purpose of using a question in the first three paragraphs? A．To ask for help from readers. B．To lead readers to think about the topic. C．To tell us how to pay attention to ourselves. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Focus on Yourself B．The Art of Making Comparison C．Be Yourself or Change yourself? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $