题型04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（长沙专用）（中考典例+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习（长沙专用）

题型04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (长沙专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 音乐与舞蹈,环境保护,说明文 2 较易 健康与运动,说明文 3 较易 电影与戏剧,说明文 4 适中 情绪,说明文,意见/建议 5 较易 传统工艺,说明文,中华文化 6 较易 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 7 较易 科学技术,说明文 8 较易 科学技术,说明文 9 适中 科学技术,说明文 10 较易 环境保护,说明文,濒危生物 11 适中 环境保护,旅行,说明文 12 适中 语言与文化,说明文 13 较易 传统节日,说明文 14 适中 教育,科学技术,说明文 15 较易 情绪,说明文 【中考真题】 The Four Seasons, written by the Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi, was first played about 300 years ago. Since then, it has enjoyed worldwide popularity. The great musical work includes four parts: “Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn” and ‘‘Winter”. Each part brings to mind the season it is meant to describe. “Summer”, for example, begins slowly. Listeners can easily picture a hot, lazy summer day when nobody wants to move. When you listen to “Autumn”, a harvest (收获) celebration will readily come to mind. But now, Hache Costa, a music director in Spain, has decided to give the old work a fresh feel. He says the climate (气候) today is very different from what it was in the 1700s. The Four Seasons would be “a lot dirtier” if it were written now. Costa has “updated” the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world. The ‘“updated” musical work has been played in Madrid, Spain. The performance takes place in front of a screen. As the musicians play, a video shows the effects (影响) of climate change, such as forest fires and unusually dry weather. After enjoying it, people find the new “Summer” now sounds noisier and more powerful. Because of global warming (全球变暖), the other three seasons have become shorter. Costa says he expects people to feel “really sad” after listening to the new Four Seasons. “I really want more people to become truly aware of (意识到) what is happening to our planet,” says Costa. “And I believe Vivaldi would not be angry with my changes.” 1．What do we know about The Four Seasons? A．It is still unpopular now. B．It was written by Hache Costa. C．It was first played about 300 years ago. 2．What will come to mind when we listen to the old “Autumn” according to the passage? A．Forest fires and dry weather.B．A harvest celebration. C．A hot lazy day. 3．Which is close to the underlined word “updated” in meaning in Paragraph 4? A．提上日程 B．追根溯源 C．赋予新意 4．Why did Hache Costa give the old work a fresh feel? A．To call on more people to love music. B．To raise public awareness of climate change. C．To present the story of Antonio Vivaldi’s colorful life. What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout? Have you heard of exercise snacks (零食式锻炼)? Exercise snacks are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods. Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit (使受益) your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration (专注力) and creativity get better, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day stops you from sitting too long. There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯). But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices: Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles. Squats (深蹲) — moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack. For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout. What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it! 1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage? A．20 seconds to two minutes.B．30 minutes to four hours. C．Five to ten minutes. 2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage? A．Doing math exercises. B．Eating snacks. C．Doing sit-ups. 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to exercise snacks? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To change traditional eating habits. B．To introduce an inventive new way to stay fit. C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise. 【热点话题练习】 A Chinese 2D-animated film (动画电影) called “Nobody” has become a big hit this summer. It was made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio and came out on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it had made 574 million yuan. This broke the record for Chinese-2D animated films—it went past the 573 million yuan of Big Fish & Begonia (《大鱼海棠》). It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it. The film tells a warm story. It is based on a short film from Chinese Tales. The story is about four little monsters: a pig, a toad (蟾蜍) ,a weasel (黄鼠狼), and a gorilla (大猩猩). They used to work for a mountain king, but they lost their jobs by chance. To live, they pretend (假装) to be Tang Monk and his group from Journey to the West (《西游记》) and start a trip to the west. On the way, they change—at first they only looked for food, but later they save villagers. There is a famous line in the film: “We may be nobodies in society, but we are pillars (支柱) at home.” This line makes people think about life. What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very eye-catching and each picture uses 50 ink layers. Its English name “Nobody” tells us: even small and common people can be heroes. The film’s success has also made its related products (相关产品) popular. More than 300 products, from soft toys to school things like pens and notebooks, sell very fast. “Nobody” is not just a movie. It brings happiness to people and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. 1．Why can we say “Nobody” is popular with many people? A．It was made by a famous animation studio. B．It got a high score on Douban and is loved by kids and adults. C．It broke the record for Chinese 3D animated films. 2．What can we know about the four little monsters in the film? A．They always wanted to be Tang Monk and his group. B．They became better people during their trip to the west. C．They only cared about finding food during the whole trip. 3．Why did the writer mention the 50 ink layers used in each picture of the film? A．To show how difficult it is to make an animated film. B．To explain why the film’s ink painting style is beautiful and special. C．To tell readers the film used more ink than other films. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．“Nobody” came out on August 11, 2025. B．“Big Fish & Begonia” earned 574 million yuan at the box office. C．The film wants to tell us common people can be heroes. All of us may have experienced embarrassing moments. It could have been the time when you pronounced a simple word wrong in class, wore your T-shirt backwards, talked about someone else without realizing that they were right behind you, or secretly tried to take a picture of someone while the flash was on. Though these embarrassing moments don’t harm us a lot, they come back from time to time and make us feel upset. Even if these moments may have faded (消失) after some time, we would always remember the feeling of strong embarrassment. In fact, these feelings may last for years. When these kinds of feelings return, they are known as a “cringe attack (羞愧综合症)”. I personally get a quite uncomfortable feeling when I think back on a party my parents took me to when I was younger. I ate a bowl of strawberries by myself. My parents shouted at me in front of everyone—for being so selfish. From then on every time I put a strawberry into my mouth, my brain just throws that embarrassing scene back. Why do these “cringe attacks” still pop up in our daily lives even though the actual events happened weeks, months, or even years ago? According to researchers, our brains give special attention to feelings that can be easily noticed. The stronger the feeling is, the stronger the memory will be. If you have a highly embarrassing or highly emotional (情绪激动的) moment, no matter what it is, your brain will try to catch it. So how can we deal with this? Well, we can start by trying to be more objective (客观的) about our past selves. Consider that you are not alone in your embarrassment—everyone fails or makes silly, embarrassing mistakes. Instead of just trying to forget what we did, we should try to accept who we were at that moment and think about how we can change for the better. 1．The writer talks about his own experience in Paragraph 3 ________. A．to show his love for strawberries B．to give an example of cringe attacks C．to explain that he was not really selfish 2．According to Paragraph 4, the more emotional we are, ________. A．the more exciting life we will live B．the shorter the event will stay in our memory C．the better we will remember about the event 3．What’s the writer’s suggestion about dealing with embarrassing moments? A．Taking them seriously. B．Just forgetting about them. C．Trying to improve ourselves. 4．The structure of the passage may be ________. A． B． C． Chinese embroidery (刺绣) has a history of over 3,000 years. It started during the Shang Dynasty when people used it to make clothing more beautiful. Over time, it became an important part of Chinese culture, showing the skills and creativity of different places. There are four famous embroidery styles in China. Su embroidery from Jiangsu uses very thin silk threads (线). Artists take months to make pictures of flowers or birds that look almost real. Some works even show the same picture perfectly on both sides of the cloth. Shu embroidery from Sichuan loves bright colors. It often shows things from Sichuan like pandas eating bamboo. A special “fish-scale stitch (鱼鳞针)” makes water animals look alive. Xiang embroidery from Hunan makes animal hair look shiny, while Yue embroidery from Guangdong uses golden threads for dragon pictures, which were once only for the king’s families. Today, embroidery isn’t just for traditional clothes. You can find it on modern dresses, bags, and even phone cases. To protect this art, China named it a National Intangible Cultural Heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产) in 2006. Schools and museums now teach young people embroidery skills. For example, the Suzhou Embroidery School trains students in old techniques, and some museums use computer tools to let students try “digital (数字的) embroidery” while learning its history. The government protects embroidery because each style tells stories about its home. Su embroidery shows Jiangsu’s rivers and gardens, while Shu embroidery brings Sichuan’s forests to life. By keeping these skills alive, China shares its culture with the world and connects past traditions to modern life. 1．When did Chinese embroidery first appear? A．In the Shang Dynasty. B．In the Han Dynasty. C．In the Tang Dynasty. 2．Which embroidery style makes animal hair look shiny? A．Su embroidery. B．Xiang embroidery. C．Yue embroidery. 3．Why does the writer mention the example in Suzhou in Paragraph 3? A．To explain why embroidery appears on modern things. B．To present what embroidery style young people like best. C．To show how embroidery skills are taught to young people. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Chinese Embroidery: Its New Life in Modern Products B．Chinese Embroidery: Famous Styles from Different Areas C．Chinese Embroidery: From Ancient Skill to Living Culture A new and exciting invention now allows deaf people to see conversations in real time. Using augmented reality (增强现实/AR) glasses and a smartphone, deaf and hearing-impaired (听力受损的) people are also able to join in everyday conversations. The software system (软件系统) for the AR glasses was developed by Dan Scarfe after he had dinner with his family. The man saw his hearing impaired grandfather sitting alone in silence while the rest of the family were talking excitedly. This reminded him of his grandfather who was always watching TV shows with subtitles (字幕). Because of this experience, he realized that he should do something to help. Scarfe teamed up with an AR glasses maker and began their work. However, it was not as simple as it seemed to be. Six months later, a new app to show real-time subtitles through AR glasses came out. Here is how they work: The glasses first receive the audio (音频) and send it to a connected smartphone. The phone then creates subtitles from that audio. With the help of the software, these subtitles just appear on the glasses screen right away. It takes much less work and time to communicate with others than before. This is a game changer for the deaf. Mark Atkinson, who is using the AR glasses, says, “As a deaf person, I am blown away by this new technology. When I tried on the glasses for the first time, I was so surprised. Real-time subtitles made me become part of the conversation as never before.” 1．What is the main purpose of the AR glasses mentioned in the passage? A．To improve smartphone technology. B．To help deaf people see conversations. C．To make watching TV more enjoyable. 2．Which can be used to describe the AR glasses? A．Easy to use. B．Hard to buy. C．Quick to develop. 3．What does the underlined phrase “am blown away by” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Am amazed by. B．Am worried about. C．Am bored with. 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To advise people to buy AR glasses. B．To show the development of AR glasses. C．To introduce a new and helpful invention. While having Chinese classes, we are often amazed at how beautiful the ancient Chinese poems and articles are. However, these ancient texts can be quite difficult sometimes. It’s challenging for many of us to understand them. Here is good news for us. Recently, a college research team from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, has created “Xunzi” to help with the understanding of Chinese ancient books and research on them. Xunzi is a large language model (LLM) that includes a great number of Chinese ancient books and documents, like the collections of the “Complete Library in Four Sections” or “SikuQuanshu”. It uses deep learning techniques and big data (数据) sets, and collects more than two billion Chinese characters and words. This LLM was named after Xunzi because he was not only a famous philosopher (哲学家) during the Warring States Period, but also a pioneer in presenting and explaining theories of linguistics in ancient China. With the model, researchers can quickly summarize (总结) the ancient texts in order to know about the themes of the ancient books. It can also find key information from the ancient texts, such as characters, events and places. Last but not least, the model can help researchers translate the ancient texts into modern Chinese to fully understand them. “The research on traditional Chinese classics is hard work even for professors, let alone for common learners. We just hope Xunzi can help save some time and energy for people,” said Wang Dongbo, who led the research team. The LLM has been published (出版) on websites like github.com and modelscope.cn, allowing users to download and use it for free. “Although we spent great effort and money on it, we still share it for free to encourage more people to study and pay attention to traditional Chinese culture,” Wang added. 1．Without technology, how do you feel about ancient Chinese poems and articles? A．Convenient. B．Easy. C．Hard. 2．How many advantages (优点) of LLM can you find in Paragraph 3? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 3．Which of the following is NOT True about the LLM“Xunzi”? A．Tons of Chinese ancient books are included. B．It may help save time and energy for people. C．The LLM has never been published online. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a useful language model. B．To make people study Chinese culture. C．To share studies of Chinese classics. China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌). China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 1．How does the writer write the first paragraph? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By taking examples. 2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. 3．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ________. A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government’s support C．adding more charging points 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a far-off idea. It has entered many parts of our lives, from daily tasks to global fields. At the 2025 Bund Summit (外滩峰会) in Shanghai, different AI products were shown. Some companies showed their advanced (先进的) AI machines, showing how much AI has improved in different fields. For example, a smart rehabilitation (康复) robot was shown, which brings new help to the medical field. Dr. Demis Hassabis, a top AI scientist and the winner of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, said at an event in Greece that “learning how to learn” will be the most important skill for young people. He thinks that as AI develops faster, this skill will be more important because it helps people keep up with changing technology. He added that AI can do many things, like dealing with large amounts of data (数据) quickly, but it can’t give people the ability to explore new knowledge on their own. To keep up with AI’s fast development, students need to develop important skills. These skills include critical (批判性) thinking, managing study time well, and getting used to new technologies. In some schools, students learn to check if AI-collected information is trustworthy—this is a way to practice critical thinking. With these skills, students can do better in an AI-driven future. Though AI brings much convenience, we shouldn’t depend on it too much. We should see AI as a useful tool, not a replacement for our own thinking. Only then can we make good use of AI while keeping our ability to learn and create. 1．What may be shown at the 2025 Bund Summit in Shanghai? A．A silk scarf. B．A smart watch. C．A sky lantern. 2．According to Dr. Demis Hassabis, what is the most important skill for young people? A．Learning how to learn. B．Getting used to new technologies. C．Learning to use AI machines well. 3．What does the underlined word “trustworthy” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Forgettable. B．Changeable. C．Dependable. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．AI Users: To Learn How to Learn B．AI Tools: To Take the Place of Human Jobs C．AI Technologies: To Be Used in More Fields Recently, some eye-catching photos appeared online. They show some polar bears (北极熊) living in an old, empty weather station in the Arctic (北极). The bears are looking out of the broken windows. To many people, these photos are so surprising that they seem to come from a magical fairy tale. However, the polar bears’ move is actually a clear sign that their real home is in danger. So, why did the bears move in? That’s because the old weather station gives the bears a safe place to hide from the bad weather. It offers a good place to keep them away from the strong winds and heavy snow. But there is a second, more serious reason. Polar bears are hunters (猎手) that depend on sea ice. It is an important area where they can walk, rest, and most importantly, hunt. But our planet is slowly getting warmer because of climate change (气候变化). This warmth melts (融化) the sea ice, which means the bears’ hunting ground is disappearing. They must spend more time on land, and they have to find new ways and new places to live. These interesting pictures tell an important story. They show us how clever and strong polar bears are. But they also give us a serious warning (警告): our actions have a great influence on animals and their homes. Since we share one world, we must work together to protect it for all living things. By learning about climate change and trying to use less energy, we can help slow down the warming of our planet. In doing so, we may help to give the polar bears a chance to stay in their real home. 1．How do many people feel when they see the photos of the polar bears at first? A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Sad. 2．Why did the polar bears move into the old weather station? A．It can protect them from other wild animals. B．They need a safe place and the sea ice melts. C．They enjoy spending more time with humans. 3．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②/③④/⑤ B．①②/③/④/⑤ C．①/②③/④/⑤ 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how clever and strong polar bears are. B．To call on people to protect the planet together. C．To ask people to send polar bears to their home. During the latest National Day holiday, the Ailao Mountain Scenic Area (风景区) in Xinping County, Yunnan Province welcomed over 50,000 tourists. This was a 15% increase compared to the same time last year. How did it become popular? A few weeks ago, a blogger shared a video about the foggy and scary mountains online. The warning signs saying “bears nearby” made people feel kind of scared but excited. So lots of curious tourists wanted to see it themselves, causing heavy traffic on the mountain roads. The Ailao Mountains cover several counties. Although some parts of the mountains are offered better and safer facilities (设施), deep inside the mountains, where tourists can’t go, there are forests without roads. The weather there can be very bad, making people get very cold and feel sick because of the height. Also, it is easy for tourists to get lost because the magnetic field (磁场) there can make compasses stop working. For these reasons, these areas are called “Deadly Forests”. So governments warn tourists to stay away from the undeveloped areas. Anyone who goes into these areas without permission will be fined (罚款) from 100 to 5,000 yuan. But it’s safe enough as long as the tourists toe the mark in these areas. The Ailao Mountains are known as the biggest and the most complete forest ecosystem (生态系统) at that part of the world. It’s not only a natural wonder, but also a living history. It’s necessary to respect nature and protect the environment while exploring this ancient mountain so that the beauty of the Ailao Mountains can be passed down from generation to generation. 1．What made the Ailao Mountains so popular? A．The beautiful scenery. B．The exciting video posted online. C．The government’s encouragement. 2．What made some people call the undeveloped areas as “Deadly Forests”? ①convenient roads        ②bad weather           ③magnetic field A．①② B．②③ C．①③ 3．What does the underlined phrase “toe the mark” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Follow the rules. B．Draw some marks. C．Walk carefully. 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To attract more tourists. B．To ask people to respect nature. C．To warn people of the dangers in the Ailao Mountains. There are about 7,000 languages around the world. But over 50 percent of these languages will die out by the end of the 21st century, according to UNESCO (联合国教科文组织). Languages become endangered for many reasons. One of the reasons is that fewer and fewer people speak these languages. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns. Once a language dies, it never comes back to life. Governments all over the world are trying to stop this. In New Zealand, the government has said it wants more than 20 percent of the country’s population to be able to speak basic Maori (毛利语) by 2040. It plans to provide Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools by 2025. The New York Times reported. China is also trying to protect its languages. About 130 languages are spoken in China. In 2015, the government started a project to record all the languages spoken in China. Universities like Minzu University of China have set up these language learning courses for their students. Some people argue that language loss, like the loss of some animal species, is simply a fact of life on Earth. However, all languages are human heritage (遗产). When we lose a language, we lose the culture of the people who speak it. Language itself is often the only way to pass on a certain community’s history and culture, as well as its knowledge of things like math and geography. 1．Why do so many kinds of languages become endangered? A．Because there are fewer people in these countries. B．Because these languages are not useful in communication. C．Because more people work in cities and fewer people speak them. 2．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．New Zealand wants everyone in the country to speak Maori. B．Chinese government is trying to save all the languages spoken in China. C．All people think it’s necessary to stop languages from dying out. 3．Which is the proper title (标题) for the passage? A．Useful Languages B．Saving the Dying Languages C．Beauty of Languages 4．The passage is probably from ___________. A．a travel guide B．science fiction C．a newspaper As the Mid-Autumn Festival came on October 6th, 2025., Changsha was full of special celebrations that mixed old traditions with new ideas. The city’s most eye-catching place was surely the 3-meter-tall moon display (展览) at Orange Isle. It was called “Poems (诗) Written to the Moon,” and visitors took photos under the poems hung from sweet-scented trees. At Changsha’s Traditional Culture Museum, the “Moon Over the River” festival brought old customs to life. Families made mooncakes with traditional tools, while children tried making bamboo lanterns and jade rabbit books. In the evening, shadow plays (皮影戏) told classic stories like Chang’e Flying to the Moon, making both local people and tourists happy. The museum’s yard was filled with folk music, including the famous Hunan folk song Moon Cake sung in the local way. High-tech fun was waiting at Window of the World theme (主题) park. There, visitors enjoyed “Shan Hai Jing” themed lantern shows. Students in Hanfu joined free lantern parades (巡游), and everyone felt surprised at the AR lanterns. These lanterns lit up the night sky. Near Meixi Lake, the “AR Starry Sky” activity let people “touch” virtual stars while walking along the lake side. It created magical moments for both kids and adults. Eco-friendly (生态友好的) celebrations were everywhere too. Following new national rules, local bakeries (面包店) used mooncake boxes that are easy to break down naturally. These boxes had only three layers (层). This showed how traditions can help protect the environment. From cultural activities to high-tech fun, Changsha’s Mid-Autumn celebrations proved (证明) that some traditions just get brighter as time goes on. 1．What’s the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． 2．Which of the following activities is a mix of the old and new? A．Shadow plays. B．Poems Written to the Moon. C．Hanfu Parade with AR lanterns. 3．Why did local bakeries use mooncake boxes with only three layers in Paragraph 4? A．To make the boxes look more beautiful. B．To follow new national rules and be eco-friendly. C．To make the boxes easier to carry for people. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Changsha’s High-Tech Festivals B．Traditional Meets Modern in Changsha’s Mid-Autumn C．The History of Mooncake Making in Changsha The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics surprisingly didn’t go to a typical physicist, instead, to two pioneers in machine learning: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton. What they did was to use principles (原理) from physics to make discoveries in machine learning, which pushed the development of AI. This is a perfect example of joining ideas from different subjects to achieve a breakthrough. It is cross-disciplinary learning at its best. In simple terms, cross-disciplinary learning is about not sticking to just one subject. It means being curious and open to ideas from different fields, whether it’s science, art, history or technology and using that knowledge to improve our own understanding. Cross-disciplinary learning is nothing new. We have seen many examples over the centuries. Even the ancient Greeks practiced it. They believed that music, math and astronomy (天文学) were interconnected. This helped them make groundbreaking discoveries. Great minds like Leonardo da Vinci, Isaac Newton and Zhang Heng gave us amazing and influential creations because they were inventors, scientists, mathematicians, engineers and more, all at the same time. These inventors used knowledge from many different fields. As they proved (证明), great achievements often come from thinking beyond the boundaries (边界) of a single subject. This is why, nowadays, schools are pushing cross-disciplinary studies. They hope that by drawing from multiple areas, students can contribute to different fields and make a meaningful influence. Cross-disciplinary learning can help you gain new opinions, find creative solutions and, most importantly, better prepare you to deal with the complex (复杂的) challenges of tomorrow. You never know where inspiration (灵感) might come from. Sometimes the best ideas are found in the most unexpected places. So, go ahead, mix it up, learn from everything, and see how far it takes you! 1．What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A．The development of AI. B．The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics. C．The work of Hopfield and Hinton. 2．What can we learn about cross-disciplinary learning from the passage? A．It means being open to ideas from different fields. B．It helps find out where your inspiration comes from. C．It was first created and practiced by ancient Greeks. 3．Why does the writer mention great minds in Paragraph 4? A．To tell how they made their inventions. B．To explain why schools push cross-disciplinary learning. C．To show how clever they were. 4．Which of the following is an example of cross-disciplinary learning? A．Listening to music while doing a chemistry experiment. B．Introducing paper-cutting in an English speech. C．Using the idea of air pressure from physics to understand why we have wind. Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy. Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies act shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic. Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. The scientists said that these children were often bullied (欺侮) by their older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families. You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries, they found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame (责备) themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get away from your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations. And don’t forget if you are shy, you are not the only one. 1．The underlined word “genetic” probably means ______. A．遗传的 B．学到的 C．感染的 2．According to the passage, which of the following may cause shyness? A．Genetics, family size and culture. B．Family size, childhood and failure. C．Genetics, parents and birthplace. 3．Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by ______. A．understanding the reasons first B．trying new things and practicing talking C．blaming their failure on outside reasons 4．What is the right way to divide the passage into three parts? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (长沙专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 音乐与舞蹈,环境保护,说明文 2 较易 健康与运动,说明文 3 较易 电影与戏剧,说明文 4 适中 情绪,说明文,意见/建议 5 较易 传统工艺,说明文,中华文化 6 较易 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 7 较易 科学技术,说明文 8 较易 科学技术,说明文 9 适中 科学技术,说明文 10 较易 环境保护,说明文,濒危生物 11 适中 环境保护,旅行,说明文 12 适中 语言与文化,说明文 13 较易 传统节日,说明文 14 适中 教育,科学技术,说明文 15 较易 情绪,说明文 【中考真题】 The Four Seasons, written by the Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi, was first played about 300 years ago. Since then, it has enjoyed worldwide popularity. The great musical work includes four parts: “Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn” and ‘‘Winter”. Each part brings to mind the season it is meant to describe. “Summer”, for example, begins slowly. Listeners can easily picture a hot, lazy summer day when nobody wants to move. When you listen to “Autumn”, a harvest (收获) celebration will readily come to mind. But now, Hache Costa, a music director in Spain, has decided to give the old work a fresh feel. He says the climate (气候) today is very different from what it was in the 1700s. The Four Seasons would be “a lot dirtier” if it were written now. Costa has “updated” the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world. The ‘“updated” musical work has been played in Madrid, Spain. The performance takes place in front of a screen. As the musicians play, a video shows the effects (影响) of climate change, such as forest fires and unusually dry weather. After enjoying it, people find the new “Summer” now sounds noisier and more powerful. Because of global warming (全球变暖), the other three seasons have become shorter. Costa says he expects people to feel “really sad” after listening to the new Four Seasons. “I really want more people to become truly aware of (意识到) what is happening to our planet,” says Costa. “And I believe Vivaldi would not be angry with my changes.” 1．What do we know about The Four Seasons? A．It is still unpopular now. B．It was written by Hache Costa. C．It was first played about 300 years ago. 2．What will come to mind when we listen to the old “Autumn” according to the passage? A．Forest fires and dry weather.B．A harvest celebration. C．A hot lazy day. 3．Which is close to the underlined word “updated” in meaning in Paragraph 4? A．提上日程 B．追根溯源 C．赋予新意 4．Why did Hache Costa give the old work a fresh feel? A．To call on more people to love music. B．To raise public awareness of climate change. C．To present the story of Antonio Vivaldi’s colorful life. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍意大利音乐家创作了《四季》，现在西班牙音乐总监哈奇·科斯塔决定给这部老作品赋予一种新鲜感，他希望更多的人真正意识到气候变化的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Four Seasons, written by the Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi, was first played about 300 years ago.”可知，意大利音乐家安东尼奥·维瓦尔第创作的《四季》首次演奏是在大约300年前。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“When you listen to ‘Autumn’, a harvest (收获) celebration will readily come to mind.”可知，当你听到“秋天”时，你会很容易想到丰收的庆祝。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Costa has ‘updated’ the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world.”可知，使其符合现代世界的现实，所以是给这部音乐作品“赋予新意”，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Because of global warming (全球变暖), the other three seasons have become shorter. Costa says he expects people to feel ‘really sad’ after listening to the new Four Seasons.”和“I really want more people to become truly aware of (意识到) what is happening to our planet.”可知，由于全球变暖，其他三个季节变短了。科斯塔说，他预计人们在听了新的《四季》之后会感到“非常难过”。作者希望更多的人真正意识到我们的星球正在发生什么。由此可知，Hache Costa给老作品带来新鲜感是为了提高公众对气候变化的认识。故选B。 What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout? Have you heard of exercise snacks (零食式锻炼)? Exercise snacks are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods. Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit (使受益) your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration (专注力) and creativity get better, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day stops you from sitting too long. There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯). But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices: Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles. Squats (深蹲) — moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack. For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout. What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it! 1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage? A．20 seconds to two minutes.B．30 minutes to four hours. C．Five to ten minutes. 2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage? A．Doing math exercises. B．Eating snacks. C．Doing sit-ups. 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to exercise snacks? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To change traditional eating habits. B．To introduce an inventive new way to stay fit. C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍零食式锻炼。 1．细节理解题。根据“These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes.”可知，这些练习可以持续20秒到2分钟。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯).”可知，这些练习可以持续20秒到2分钟。有很多可以接受的运动零食，比如做仰卧起坐、跳绳或上下楼梯，故选C。 3．观点态度题。根据“What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it!”可知，作者对零食式锻炼持支持的态度，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍零食式锻炼，是一种新颖的健身方式。故选B。 【热点话题练习】 A Chinese 2D-animated film (动画电影) called “Nobody” has become a big hit this summer. It was made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio and came out on August 2, 2025. By August 11, it had made 574 million yuan. This broke the record for Chinese-2D animated films—it went past the 573 million yuan of Big Fish & Begonia (《大鱼海棠》). It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it. The film tells a warm story. It is based on a short film from Chinese Tales. The story is about four little monsters: a pig, a toad (蟾蜍) ,a weasel (黄鼠狼), and a gorilla (大猩猩). They used to work for a mountain king, but they lost their jobs by chance. To live, they pretend (假装) to be Tang Monk and his group from Journey to the West (《西游记》) and start a trip to the west. On the way, they change—at first they only looked for food, but later they save villagers. There is a famous line in the film: “We may be nobodies in society, but we are pillars (支柱) at home.” This line makes people think about life. What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very eye-catching and each picture uses 50 ink layers. Its English name “Nobody” tells us: even small and common people can be heroes. The film’s success has also made its related products (相关产品) popular. More than 300 products, from soft toys to school things like pens and notebooks, sell very fast. “Nobody” is not just a movie. It brings happiness to people and teaches us that everyone can be a hero. 1．Why can we say “Nobody” is popular with many people? A．It was made by a famous animation studio. B．It got a high score on Douban and is loved by kids and adults. C．It broke the record for Chinese 3D animated films. 2．What can we know about the four little monsters in the film? A．They always wanted to be Tang Monk and his group. B．They became better people during their trip to the west. C．They only cared about finding food during the whole trip. 3．Why did the writer mention the 50 ink layers used in each picture of the film? A．To show how difficult it is to make an animated film. B．To explain why the film’s ink painting style is beautiful and special. C．To tell readers the film used more ink than other films. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．“Nobody” came out on August 11, 2025. B．“Big Fish & Begonia” earned 574 million yuan at the box office. C．The film wants to tell us common people can be heroes. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了暑期热门2D动画电影《浪浪山小妖怪》的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“It also got a score of 8.6 on Douban, and both children and grown-ups love it.”可知，豆瓣评分8.6，孩子们和成年人都很喜欢它。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“On the way, they change—at first they only looked for food, but later they save villagers.”可知，在路上，它们改变了，一开始它们寻找食物，但是后来它们拯救村民，因此是在旅途中它们成为了更好的人。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“What makes this film special? Its beautiful Chinese ink painting style is very eye-catching and each picture uses 50 ink layers.”可知，这部电影的特别之处在于，影片极具美感的中国水墨画风格格外引人注目，每一幅画面都运用了50 层油墨叠加技术。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Its English name ‘Nobody’ tells us: even small and common people can be heroes.”可知，影片的英文片名《浪浪山小妖怪》还传递出这样的内涵：即便平凡普通的人，也能成为英雄。故选C。 All of us may have experienced embarrassing moments. It could have been the time when you pronounced a simple word wrong in class, wore your T-shirt backwards, talked about someone else without realizing that they were right behind you, or secretly tried to take a picture of someone while the flash was on. Though these embarrassing moments don’t harm us a lot, they come back from time to time and make us feel upset. Even if these moments may have faded (消失) after some time, we would always remember the feeling of strong embarrassment. In fact, these feelings may last for years. When these kinds of feelings return, they are known as a “cringe attack (羞愧综合症)”. I personally get a quite uncomfortable feeling when I think back on a party my parents took me to when I was younger. I ate a bowl of strawberries by myself. My parents shouted at me in front of everyone—for being so selfish. From then on every time I put a strawberry into my mouth, my brain just throws that embarrassing scene back. Why do these “cringe attacks” still pop up in our daily lives even though the actual events happened weeks, months, or even years ago? According to researchers, our brains give special attention to feelings that can be easily noticed. The stronger the feeling is, the stronger the memory will be. If you have a highly embarrassing or highly emotional (情绪激动的) moment, no matter what it is, your brain will try to catch it. So how can we deal with this? Well, we can start by trying to be more objective (客观的) about our past selves. Consider that you are not alone in your embarrassment—everyone fails or makes silly, embarrassing mistakes. Instead of just trying to forget what we did, we should try to accept who we were at that moment and think about how we can change for the better. 1．The writer talks about his own experience in Paragraph 3 ________. A．to show his love for strawberries B．to give an example of cringe attacks C．to explain that he was not really selfish 2．According to Paragraph 4, the more emotional we are, ________. A．the more exciting life we will live B．the shorter the event will stay in our memory C．the better we will remember about the event 3．What’s the writer’s suggestion about dealing with embarrassing moments? A．Taking them seriously. B．Just forgetting about them. C．Trying to improve ourselves. 4．The structure of the passage may be ________. A． B． C． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了生活中常见的尴尬现象以及如何去应对这些情况。 1．推理判断题。根据“When these kinds of feelings return, they are known as a ‘cringe attack (羞愧综合症)’.”和“… my brain just throws that embarrassing scene back.”可知，作者列举自己的亲身经历是想说明什么是“羞愧综合症”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The stronger the feeling is, the stronger the memory will be.”可知，感觉越强烈，记忆就越强烈。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Instead of just trying to forget what we did, we should try to accept who we were at that moment and think about how we can change for the better.”可知，与其试着忘记我们做过的事，我们还不如试着接受那一刻的自己，思考如何才能变得更好。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。根据“All of us may have experienced embarrassing moments.”可知，第①段是引出话题；根据第二段“When these kinds of feelings return, they are known as a ‘cringe attack (羞愧综合症)’.”，第三段“I personally get a quite uncomfortable feeling when …”和第四段“Why do these ‘cringe attacks’ still pop up in our daily lives …”可知，第②③④段主要介绍什么是“羞愧综合征”；根据“So how can we deal with this?”可知，第⑤段是如何解决这种情况。综上，C选项为本文的结构图。故选C。 Chinese embroidery (刺绣) has a history of over 3,000 years. It started during the Shang Dynasty when people used it to make clothing more beautiful. Over time, it became an important part of Chinese culture, showing the skills and creativity of different places. There are four famous embroidery styles in China. Su embroidery from Jiangsu uses very thin silk threads (线). Artists take months to make pictures of flowers or birds that look almost real. Some works even show the same picture perfectly on both sides of the cloth. Shu embroidery from Sichuan loves bright colors. It often shows things from Sichuan like pandas eating bamboo. A special “fish-scale stitch (鱼鳞针)” makes water animals look alive. Xiang embroidery from Hunan makes animal hair look shiny, while Yue embroidery from Guangdong uses golden threads for dragon pictures, which were once only for the king’s families. Today, embroidery isn’t just for traditional clothes. You can find it on modern dresses, bags, and even phone cases. To protect this art, China named it a National Intangible Cultural Heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产) in 2006. Schools and museums now teach young people embroidery skills. For example, the Suzhou Embroidery School trains students in old techniques, and some museums use computer tools to let students try “digital (数字的) embroidery” while learning its history. The government protects embroidery because each style tells stories about its home. Su embroidery shows Jiangsu’s rivers and gardens, while Shu embroidery brings Sichuan’s forests to life. By keeping these skills alive, China shares its culture with the world and connects past traditions to modern life. 1．When did Chinese embroidery first appear? A．In the Shang Dynasty. B．In the Han Dynasty. C．In the Tang Dynasty. 2．Which embroidery style makes animal hair look shiny? A．Su embroidery. B．Xiang embroidery. C．Yue embroidery. 3．Why does the writer mention the example in Suzhou in Paragraph 3? A．To explain why embroidery appears on modern things. B．To present what embroidery style young people like best. C．To show how embroidery skills are taught to young people. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Chinese Embroidery: Its New Life in Modern Products B．Chinese Embroidery: Famous Styles from Different Areas C．Chinese Embroidery: From Ancient Skill to Living Culture 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，系统介绍了中国刺绣的历史起源、四大名绣的艺术特点、当代应用及其作为国家级非物质文化遗产的保护与传承意义，强调了其在连接传统与现代、传播中国文化方面的重要价值。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“It started during the Shang Dynasty”可知，中国刺绣始于商朝。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“Xiang embroidery from Hunan makes animal hair look shiny”可知，来自湖南的湘绣使动物毛发看起来有光泽。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文中“Schools and museums now teach young people embroidery skills. For example, the Suzhou Embroidery School trains students...”可知，作者提及苏州的例子是为了具体说明前文“向年轻人传授技艺”的方式。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章不仅介绍了四大名绣，也详细说明了其在现代的应用、被列为非物质文化遗产以及通过学校和博物馆进行传承，全文核心是展示刺绣从古老技艺到作为活态文化的延续与发展，选项C“中国刺绣：从古老技艺到活态文化”最全面、准确地概括了文章从历史、艺术到当代传承与发展的核心内容。故选C。 A new and exciting invention now allows deaf people to see conversations in real time. Using augmented reality (增强现实/AR) glasses and a smartphone, deaf and hearing-impaired (听力受损的) people are also able to join in everyday conversations. The software system (软件系统) for the AR glasses was developed by Dan Scarfe after he had dinner with his family. The man saw his hearing impaired grandfather sitting alone in silence while the rest of the family were talking excitedly. This reminded him of his grandfather who was always watching TV shows with subtitles (字幕). Because of this experience, he realized that he should do something to help. Scarfe teamed up with an AR glasses maker and began their work. However, it was not as simple as it seemed to be. Six months later, a new app to show real-time subtitles through AR glasses came out. Here is how they work: The glasses first receive the audio (音频) and send it to a connected smartphone. The phone then creates subtitles from that audio. With the help of the software, these subtitles just appear on the glasses screen right away. It takes much less work and time to communicate with others than before. This is a game changer for the deaf. Mark Atkinson, who is using the AR glasses, says, “As a deaf person, I am blown away by this new technology. When I tried on the glasses for the first time, I was so surprised. Real-time subtitles made me become part of the conversation as never before.” 1．What is the main purpose of the AR glasses mentioned in the passage? A．To improve smartphone technology. B．To help deaf people see conversations. C．To make watching TV more enjoyable. 2．Which can be used to describe the AR glasses? A．Easy to use. B．Hard to buy. C．Quick to develop. 3．What does the underlined phrase “am blown away by” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Am amazed by. B．Am worried about. C．Am bored with. 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To advise people to buy AR glasses. B．To show the development of AR glasses. C．To introduce a new and helpful invention. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍了一款结合增强现实（AR）眼镜和智能手机的新型发明，重点阐述了其开发背景、工作原理以及对聋哑人和听力受损者的重要意义，并通过使用者Mark Atkinson的体验评价凸显其变革性影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“A new and exciting invention now allows deaf people to see conversations in real time”可知，其核心目的是帮助聋人看到对话。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文中“It takes much less work and time to communicate with others than before”可推知，该设备操作简便、省时省力。故选A。 3．词句猜测题​。根据文中“When I tried on the glasses for the first time, I was so surprised”可知，后文“surprised”直接解释了“blown away”所表达的强烈惊喜之情。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。全文开篇点题介绍新发明，中间阐述其诞生过程、工作原理及用户积极反馈，整体围绕该发明的功能与价值展开，属于客观介绍一款有益的新技术产品。故选C。 While having Chinese classes, we are often amazed at how beautiful the ancient Chinese poems and articles are. However, these ancient texts can be quite difficult sometimes. It’s challenging for many of us to understand them. Here is good news for us. Recently, a college research team from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, has created “Xunzi” to help with the understanding of Chinese ancient books and research on them. Xunzi is a large language model (LLM) that includes a great number of Chinese ancient books and documents, like the collections of the “Complete Library in Four Sections” or “SikuQuanshu”. It uses deep learning techniques and big data (数据) sets, and collects more than two billion Chinese characters and words. This LLM was named after Xunzi because he was not only a famous philosopher (哲学家) during the Warring States Period, but also a pioneer in presenting and explaining theories of linguistics in ancient China. With the model, researchers can quickly summarize (总结) the ancient texts in order to know about the themes of the ancient books. It can also find key information from the ancient texts, such as characters, events and places. Last but not least, the model can help researchers translate the ancient texts into modern Chinese to fully understand them. “The research on traditional Chinese classics is hard work even for professors, let alone for common learners. We just hope Xunzi can help save some time and energy for people,” said Wang Dongbo, who led the research team. The LLM has been published (出版) on websites like github.com and modelscope.cn, allowing users to download and use it for free. “Although we spent great effort and money on it, we still share it for free to encourage more people to study and pay attention to traditional Chinese culture,” Wang added. 1．Without technology, how do you feel about ancient Chinese poems and articles? A．Convenient. B．Easy. C．Hard. 2．How many advantages (优点) of LLM can you find in Paragraph 3? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 3．Which of the following is NOT True about the LLM“Xunzi”? A．Tons of Chinese ancient books are included. B．It may help save time and energy for people. C．The LLM has never been published online. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a useful language model. B．To make people study Chinese culture. C．To share studies of Chinese classics. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了帮助理解中国古籍的大型语言模型“Xunzi”。 1．细节理解题。根据“However, these ancient texts can be quite difficult sometimes. It’s challenging for many of us to understand them.”可知，没有技术时，古诗文很难。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“With the model, researchers can quickly summarize...It can also find key information...Last but not least, the model can help researchers translate...”可知，共提到了三个优点：快速总结、查找关键信息、翻译成现代汉语。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The LLM has been published on websites like github.com and modelscope.cn, allowing users to download and use it for free.”可知，该模型已在网上发布，C项表述错误。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了帮助理解中国古籍的大型语言模型“Xunzi”。故选A。 China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌). China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 1．How does the writer write the first paragraph? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By taking examples. 2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. 3．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ________. A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government’s support C．adding more charging points 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国电动汽车产业的快速发展、面临的挑战与机遇以及未来的前景。 1．细节理解题。根据“According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2million EVs were exported (出口).”可知，作者以列出数字来写第一段。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。通读第二段并根据“The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly.”可知，本段旨在展示中国电动汽车产业的发展历程。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks.”可知，没有创新能力的电动汽车制造商将面临越来越大的风险。即电动汽车制造商很可能可以通过提高创新能力来降低不断增长的风险。故选A。 4．观点态度题。根据“It is very likely that China will hold the lead.”可知，作者认为中国很可能会在电动汽车产业占据领先地位。由此可知，作者对中国电动汽车产业的未来持积极和乐观的态度。故选B。 Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a far-off idea. It has entered many parts of our lives, from daily tasks to global fields. At the 2025 Bund Summit (外滩峰会) in Shanghai, different AI products were shown. Some companies showed their advanced (先进的) AI machines, showing how much AI has improved in different fields. For example, a smart rehabilitation (康复) robot was shown, which brings new help to the medical field. Dr. Demis Hassabis, a top AI scientist and the winner of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, said at an event in Greece that “learning how to learn” will be the most important skill for young people. He thinks that as AI develops faster, this skill will be more important because it helps people keep up with changing technology. He added that AI can do many things, like dealing with large amounts of data (数据) quickly, but it can’t give people the ability to explore new knowledge on their own. To keep up with AI’s fast development, students need to develop important skills. These skills include critical (批判性) thinking, managing study time well, and getting used to new technologies. In some schools, students learn to check if AI-collected information is trustworthy—this is a way to practice critical thinking. With these skills, students can do better in an AI-driven future. Though AI brings much convenience, we shouldn’t depend on it too much. We should see AI as a useful tool, not a replacement for our own thinking. Only then can we make good use of AI while keeping our ability to learn and create. 1．What may be shown at the 2025 Bund Summit in Shanghai? A．A silk scarf. B．A smart watch. C．A sky lantern. 2．According to Dr. Demis Hassabis, what is the most important skill for young people? A．Learning how to learn. B．Getting used to new technologies. C．Learning to use AI machines well. 3．What does the underlined word “trustworthy” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Forgettable. B．Changeable. C．Dependable. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．AI Users: To Learn How to Learn B．AI Tools: To Take the Place of Human Jobs C．AI Technologies: To Be Used in More Fields 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能已融入生活诸多方面，2025年上海外滩峰会展出不同人工智能产品，顶级人工智能科学家德米斯·哈萨比斯称“学会如何学习”对年轻人最重要，为跟上人工智能快速发展学生需培养重要技能，同时提醒不应过度依赖人工智能，应将其视为有用工具而非替代自身思考。 1．推理判断题。根据“At the 2025 Bund Summit (外滩峰会) in Shanghai, different AI products were shown.”以及后文举例“a smart rehabilitation (康复) robot was shown”可知在上海2025外滩峰会上展示的是不同的人工智能产品，选项中“A smart watch.”属于人工智能产品。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Dr. Demis Hassabis, a top AI scientist and the winner of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, said at an event in Greece that ‘learning how to learn’ will be the most important skill for young people.”可知德米斯·哈萨比斯认为对年轻人来说最重要的技能是“学会如何学习”。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“In some schools, students learn to check if AI-collected information is trustworthy—this is a way to practice critical thinking.”可知学生检查人工智能收集的信息是为了练习批判性思维，由此可推测是检查信息是否可靠，trustworthy意为“可靠的，可信赖的”，与Dependable意思相近。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要围绕人工智能展开，强调了年轻人“学会如何学习”这一技能的重要性，以在人工智能驱动的未来中更好地发展，“AI Users: To Learn How to Learn”最适合作为标题。故选A。 Recently, some eye-catching photos appeared online. They show some polar bears (北极熊) living in an old, empty weather station in the Arctic (北极). The bears are looking out of the broken windows. To many people, these photos are so surprising that they seem to come from a magical fairy tale. However, the polar bears’ move is actually a clear sign that their real home is in danger. So, why did the bears move in? That’s because the old weather station gives the bears a safe place to hide from the bad weather. It offers a good place to keep them away from the strong winds and heavy snow. But there is a second, more serious reason. Polar bears are hunters (猎手) that depend on sea ice. It is an important area where they can walk, rest, and most importantly, hunt. But our planet is slowly getting warmer because of climate change (气候变化). This warmth melts (融化) the sea ice, which means the bears’ hunting ground is disappearing. They must spend more time on land, and they have to find new ways and new places to live. These interesting pictures tell an important story. They show us how clever and strong polar bears are. But they also give us a serious warning (警告): our actions have a great influence on animals and their homes. Since we share one world, we must work together to protect it for all living things. By learning about climate change and trying to use less energy, we can help slow down the warming of our planet. In doing so, we may help to give the polar bears a chance to stay in their real home. 1．How do many people feel when they see the photos of the polar bears at first? A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Sad. 2．Why did the polar bears move into the old weather station? A．It can protect them from other wild animals. B．They need a safe place and the sea ice melts. C．They enjoy spending more time with humans. 3．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②/③④/⑤ B．①②/③/④/⑤ C．①/②③/④/⑤ 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how clever and strong polar bears are. B．To call on people to protect the planet together. C．To ask people to send polar bears to their home. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了北极熊入住北极废弃气象站的原因，以及这一现象背后反映的气候变化问题，呼吁人们共同保护地球。 1．细节理解题。根据“To many people, these photos are so surprising that they seem to come from a magical fairy tale”可知，很多人一开始看到照片时感到惊讶。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“the old weather station gives the bears a safe place to hide from the bad weather”和“this warmth melts the sea ice... they have to find new ways and new places to live”可知，北极熊入住是因为需要安全的藏身之处，且海冰融化导致它们失去了原有栖息地。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。第①段引出北极熊入住废弃气象站的现象；第②③段分析北极熊入住的两个原因；第④段点明照片传递的警示意义；第⑤段呼吁人们共同保护地球。因此结构为①/②③/④/⑤。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“we must work together to protect it for all living things”及全文内容可知，文章核心目的是呼吁人们共同保护地球。故选B。 During the latest National Day holiday, the Ailao Mountain Scenic Area (风景区) in Xinping County, Yunnan Province welcomed over 50,000 tourists. This was a 15% increase compared to the same time last year. How did it become popular? A few weeks ago, a blogger shared a video about the foggy and scary mountains online. The warning signs saying “bears nearby” made people feel kind of scared but excited. So lots of curious tourists wanted to see it themselves, causing heavy traffic on the mountain roads. The Ailao Mountains cover several counties. Although some parts of the mountains are offered better and safer facilities (设施), deep inside the mountains, where tourists can’t go, there are forests without roads. The weather there can be very bad, making people get very cold and feel sick because of the height. Also, it is easy for tourists to get lost because the magnetic field (磁场) there can make compasses stop working. For these reasons, these areas are called “Deadly Forests”. So governments warn tourists to stay away from the undeveloped areas. Anyone who goes into these areas without permission will be fined (罚款) from 100 to 5,000 yuan. But it’s safe enough as long as the tourists toe the mark in these areas. The Ailao Mountains are known as the biggest and the most complete forest ecosystem (生态系统) at that part of the world. It’s not only a natural wonder, but also a living history. It’s necessary to respect nature and protect the environment while exploring this ancient mountain so that the beauty of the Ailao Mountains can be passed down from generation to generation. 1．What made the Ailao Mountains so popular? A．The beautiful scenery. B．The exciting video posted online. C．The government’s encouragement. 2．What made some people call the undeveloped areas as “Deadly Forests”? ①convenient roads        ②bad weather           ③magnetic field A．①② B．②③ C．①③ 3．What does the underlined phrase “toe the mark” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Follow the rules. B．Draw some marks. C．Walk carefully. 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To attract more tourists. B．To ask people to respect nature. C．To warn people of the dangers in the Ailao Mountains. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了云南新平县哀牢山风景区在国庆假期期间的游客增长情况、其突然走红的原因、未开发区域的危险性以及呼吁人们尊重自然、保护环境的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“a blogger shared a video about the foggy and scary mountains online…causing heavy traffic on the mountain roads.”可推知，哀牢山走红是因为博主发布的视频激发了游客的好奇心。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The weather there can be very bad…making compasses stop working.”可知，未开发区域被称为“致命森林”的原因是恶劣天气(②)和磁场干扰(③)。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Anyone who goes into these areas without permission will be fined… But it’s safe enough as long as the tourists toe the mark.”结合上下文，toe the mark应指“遵守规则”，与选项A“Follow the rules”一致。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’s necessary to respect nature and protect the environment…passed down from generation to generation.”可知，作者目的是呼吁人们尊重自然。故选B。 There are about 7,000 languages around the world. But over 50 percent of these languages will die out by the end of the 21st century, according to UNESCO (联合国教科文组织). Languages become endangered for many reasons. One of the reasons is that fewer and fewer people speak these languages. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns. Once a language dies, it never comes back to life. Governments all over the world are trying to stop this. In New Zealand, the government has said it wants more than 20 percent of the country’s population to be able to speak basic Maori (毛利语) by 2040. It plans to provide Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools by 2025. The New York Times reported. China is also trying to protect its languages. About 130 languages are spoken in China. In 2015, the government started a project to record all the languages spoken in China. Universities like Minzu University of China have set up these language learning courses for their students. Some people argue that language loss, like the loss of some animal species, is simply a fact of life on Earth. However, all languages are human heritage (遗产). When we lose a language, we lose the culture of the people who speak it. Language itself is often the only way to pass on a certain community’s history and culture, as well as its knowledge of things like math and geography. 1．Why do so many kinds of languages become endangered? A．Because there are fewer people in these countries. B．Because these languages are not useful in communication. C．Because more people work in cities and fewer people speak them. 2．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．New Zealand wants everyone in the country to speak Maori. B．Chinese government is trying to save all the languages spoken in China. C．All people think it’s necessary to stop languages from dying out. 3．Which is the proper title (标题) for the passage? A．Useful Languages B．Saving the Dying Languages C．Beauty of Languages 4．The passage is probably from ___________. A．a travel guide B．science fiction C．a newspaper 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全球约7000种语言中超过50%将在21世纪末消失，并分析了语言濒危的原因及各国为保护语言所做的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Languages become endangered… One of the reasons is that fewer and fewer people speak these languages. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns.”可知，语言濒危与城市化导致使用人数减少直接相关。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“China is also trying to protect its languages… the government started a project to record all the languages spoken in China.”可知，中国政府正积极采取措施保护国内语言。故选B。 3．最佳标题。全文围绕语言濒危现象及保护措施展开，如新西兰推广毛利语、中国记录方言等。选项B“Saving the Dying Languages”最能概括主题。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The New York Times reported”及全文客观报道风格可知，文章可能选自报纸。故选C。 As the Mid-Autumn Festival came on October 6th, 2025., Changsha was full of special celebrations that mixed old traditions with new ideas. The city’s most eye-catching place was surely the 3-meter-tall moon display (展览) at Orange Isle. It was called “Poems (诗) Written to the Moon,” and visitors took photos under the poems hung from sweet-scented trees. At Changsha’s Traditional Culture Museum, the “Moon Over the River” festival brought old customs to life. Families made mooncakes with traditional tools, while children tried making bamboo lanterns and jade rabbit books. In the evening, shadow plays (皮影戏) told classic stories like Chang’e Flying to the Moon, making both local people and tourists happy. The museum’s yard was filled with folk music, including the famous Hunan folk song Moon Cake sung in the local way. High-tech fun was waiting at Window of the World theme (主题) park. There, visitors enjoyed “Shan Hai Jing” themed lantern shows. Students in Hanfu joined free lantern parades (巡游), and everyone felt surprised at the AR lanterns. These lanterns lit up the night sky. Near Meixi Lake, the “AR Starry Sky” activity let people “touch” virtual stars while walking along the lake side. It created magical moments for both kids and adults. Eco-friendly (生态友好的) celebrations were everywhere too. Following new national rules, local bakeries (面包店) used mooncake boxes that are easy to break down naturally. These boxes had only three layers (层). This showed how traditions can help protect the environment. From cultural activities to high-tech fun, Changsha’s Mid-Autumn celebrations proved (证明) that some traditions just get brighter as time goes on. 1．What’s the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． 2．Which of the following activities is a mix of the old and new? A．Shadow plays. B．Poems Written to the Moon. C．Hanfu Parade with AR lanterns. 3．Why did local bakeries use mooncake boxes with only three layers in Paragraph 4? A．To make the boxes look more beautiful. B．To follow new national rules and be eco-friendly. C．To make the boxes easier to carry for people. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Changsha’s High-Tech Festivals B．Traditional Meets Modern in Changsha’s Mid-Autumn C．The History of Mooncake Making in Changsha 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年长沙中秋节的各类庆祝活动，这些活动融合了传统与现代元素，展示了文化传承、高科技体验及环保创新等内容。 1．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总体介绍长沙的中秋节融合了传统与现代；第二段至第五段分别从不同方面(橘子洲的月球展、传统文化博物馆的活动、高科技主题公园的体验、环保月饼盒)展开描述；最后一段总结这次的长沙中秋庆典。因此，文章的结构为总—分—总。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Students in Hanfu joined free lantern parades (巡游), and everyone felt surprised at the AR lanterns.”可知，巡游融合了传统汉服文化和现代增强实现技术，体现了传统与现代的结合。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Following new national rules, local bakeries (面包店) used mooncake boxes that are easy to break down naturally.”和“This showed how traditions can help protect the environment.”可知，当地面包店使用易降解的三层月饼盒是为了遵循国家新规，减少对环境的影响，体现生态友好的理念。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。根据“As the Mid-Autumn Festival came on October 6th, 2025. Changsha was full of special celebrations that mixed old traditions with new ideas.”以及通读全文可知，文章通篇围绕长沙中秋节如何融入传统与现代展开，涵盖文化传承、高科技体验及环保创新等内容。故选B。 The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics surprisingly didn’t go to a typical physicist, instead, to two pioneers in machine learning: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton. What they did was to use principles (原理) from physics to make discoveries in machine learning, which pushed the development of AI. This is a perfect example of joining ideas from different subjects to achieve a breakthrough. It is cross-disciplinary learning at its best. In simple terms, cross-disciplinary learning is about not sticking to just one subject. It means being curious and open to ideas from different fields, whether it’s science, art, history or technology and using that knowledge to improve our own understanding. Cross-disciplinary learning is nothing new. We have seen many examples over the centuries. Even the ancient Greeks practiced it. They believed that music, math and astronomy (天文学) were interconnected. This helped them make groundbreaking discoveries. Great minds like Leonardo da Vinci, Isaac Newton and Zhang Heng gave us amazing and influential creations because they were inventors, scientists, mathematicians, engineers and more, all at the same time. These inventors used knowledge from many different fields. As they proved (证明), great achievements often come from thinking beyond the boundaries (边界) of a single subject. This is why, nowadays, schools are pushing cross-disciplinary studies. They hope that by drawing from multiple areas, students can contribute to different fields and make a meaningful influence. Cross-disciplinary learning can help you gain new opinions, find creative solutions and, most importantly, better prepare you to deal with the complex (复杂的) challenges of tomorrow. You never know where inspiration (灵感) might come from. Sometimes the best ideas are found in the most unexpected places. So, go ahead, mix it up, learn from everything, and see how far it takes you! 1．What does the underlined word “This” refer to? A．The development of AI. B．The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics. C．The work of Hopfield and Hinton. 2．What can we learn about cross-disciplinary learning from the passage? A．It means being open to ideas from different fields. B．It helps find out where your inspiration comes from. C．It was first created and practiced by ancient Greeks. 3．Why does the writer mention great minds in Paragraph 4? A．To tell how they made their inventions. B．To explain why schools push cross-disciplinary learning. C．To show how clever they were. 4．Which of the following is an example of cross-disciplinary learning? A．Listening to music while doing a chemistry experiment. B．Introducing paper-cutting in an English speech. C．Using the idea of air pressure from physics to understand why we have wind. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了跨学科学习，以2024年诺贝尔物理学奖得主的研究为例，阐述了跨学科学习的内涵、历史以及其带来的积极影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据“What they did was to use principles from physics to make discoveries in machine learning, which pushed the development of AI. This is a perfect example of joining ideas from different subjects to achieve a breakthrough.”可知，“This”指代的是Hopfield和Hinton的研究工作。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“In simple terms, cross-disciplinary learning is about not sticking to just one subject. It means being curious and open to ideas from different fields...”可知，跨学科学习意味着对不同领域的观点持开放态度。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“These inventors used knowledge from many different fields. As they proved, great achievements often come from thinking beyond the boundaries of a single subject. This is why, nowadays, schools are pushing cross-disciplinary studies.”可知，作者在第四段提到这些伟大的人物是为了解释为什么学校推动跨学科学习。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“cross-disciplinary learning is about not sticking to just one subject. It means being curious and open to ideas from different fields...using that knowledge to improve our own understanding.”可知，跨学科学习的本质是运用某一学科知识解决或解释另一学科的问题，选项C“用物理学中的气压原理解释地理学中的风形成”结合了物理学和气象学（自然科学分支）的知识，符合跨学科本质。故选C。 Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy. Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies act shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic. Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. The scientists said that these children were often bullied (欺侮) by their older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families. You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries, they found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame (责备) themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get away from your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations. And don’t forget if you are shy, you are not the only one. 1．The underlined word “genetic” probably means ______. A．遗传的 B．学到的 C．感染的 2．According to the passage, which of the following may cause shyness? A．Genetics, family size and culture. B．Family size, childhood and failure. C．Genetics, parents and birthplace. 3．Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by ______. A．understanding the reasons first B．trying new things and practicing talking C．blaming their failure on outside reasons 4．What is the right way to divide the passage into three parts? A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了人们害羞的原因，包括遗传因素、家庭规模以及文化背景等，并为害羞的人提供了克服害羞的建议。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.”可知，这些害羞的婴儿通常有害羞的父母，因此科学家认为一些害羞是遗传的。由此可以推断，“genetic”意为“遗传的”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.”、第三段“Family size might cause people to be shy as well.”以及第四段“You may also be shy because of where you were born.”可知，遗传、家庭规模和文化背景都可能导致人们害羞。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But scientists say you can get away from your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations.”可知，科学家建议害羞的人可以通过尝试新事物和练习对话来克服害羞。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段通过提出问题“你是否害羞？”并给出害羞的普遍性，引出话题；第二、三、四段分别从遗传、家庭规模和文化背景三个方面探讨了害羞的原因；第五段则给出了克服害羞的建议。因此，文章的结构应为①/②③④/⑤。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $