题型04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（福建专用）（中考典例+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习（福建专用）

题型04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (福建专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,说明文 2 适中 科普知识,说明文 3 适中 科普知识,说明文,濒危生物 4 较易 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 5 适中 景点/建筑,人与动植物,说明文 6 较易 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 7 适中 种植与养殖,说明文,植物 8 适中 交通方式,说明文 9 适中 航天与航空,常见动物,说明文 10 适中 景点/建筑,说明文,中华文化 11 适中 航天与航空,说明文 12 较易 环境保护,说明文 13 适中 常见动物,说明文 14 较易 教育,说明文 15 适中 文化差异,说明文 【中考典例】 Deep under the Pacific Ocean lie coral reefs colored by some algae that live with corals. Corals usually provide nitrogen (氮) to algae, and in return they get carbon (碳), which gives them energy. In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. And it was believed that about 50 percent of reefs with beautiful corals might disappear by 2030. Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015—2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn’t influence the reefs as badly as the first. Maybe corals have found a way to adapt (适应). Swimming to cooler waters is not a good choice for corals, for it makes them easily hurt by the changing climate. But corals are able to adapt. Some turn to those algae that can deal well with heat. Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to “fan” away too much harmful oxygen  (O2) let out by stressed-out algae. Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms (新陈代谢) in order to fight the warming waters. But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree. After studying and understanding these adaptations, scientists are trying to find ways to help corals fight. If researchers can make corals accept algae that can deal with heat pressure or if they energize genes (基因) that can deal with heat pressure, it will raise the corals’ chance of living through future ocean heat waves. “When I go down to the sea and see a beautiful healthy reef with these colorful corals, I feel this pleasure of being in this underwater world,” a famous biologist says. “It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight.” 1．What can we know from paragraph 1? A．Corals make algae more colorful. B．Algae provide room for corals to live in. C．Corals and algae depend on each other. D．Algae produce nitrogen to influence corals. 2．What does the underlined part “the first” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The heat wave in the early 1980s. B．The heat wave in the late 1990s. C．The Pacific waters in 2015—2016. D．The reefs’ disappearance by 2030. 3．What difficulty do corals face? A．They cannot completely adapt to heat waves. B．They cannot change their own metabolisms. C．They have no ability to swim to cooler waters. D．They have no ability to drive away harmful oxygen. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It’s necessary to live with corals. B．The ocean has become unhealthy. C．We should try our best to save corals. D．Making a study of the ocean is a must. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Corals Die Out B．Corals Fight Back C．Corals Break Down D．Corals Come into Being 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了珊瑚礁在面对热浪时的适应方式以及科学家如何帮助珊瑚礁生存。 1．推理判断题。根据“Corals usually provide nitrogen (氮) to algae, and in return they get carbon (碳), which gives them energy.”可知珊瑚通常为藻类提供氮，作为回报，它们获得碳，这为它们提供了能量，可见珊瑚和藻类相互依赖。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white”以及“but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn’t influence the reefs as badly as the first.”可知这些热浪对珊瑚礁的影响并不像第一次那么严重，故此处“the first”指代的是1980年代初的热浪。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree.”可知所有这些适应只能在一定程度上保护自己，可见珊瑚不能完全适应热浪。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight”可知看到珊瑚死亡很伤心，这让我们想要帮助它们，即我们应该尽最大努力拯救珊瑚。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了珊瑚礁在面对热浪时的适应方式以及科学家如何帮助珊瑚礁生存，以选项B“珊瑚反击”为标题最合适。故选B。 As we often use eyes to touch nature, most of us “lose” the ability to listen to the world. Peter writes music. He likes sounds and uses natural sounds as part of his music. He often went out to the wild with his microphone and recorded interesting sounds to put in movies or to use in his own songs. Instead of trying to capture just the sound of one animal or bird, he recorded the sound of everything all together—the animals, the trees, the wind and the earth. He called these recordings “soundscapes”—the sound of a certain place. Every soundscape Peter recorded had a lot of information. Back in his workshop, Peter used a computer to make a picture of all the sounds going on in a place. Each animal, bird and insect had its own place on the picture—its own notes in the music. The busier the picture, the richer the life in that place. “While a picture may be worth 1,000 words, a soundscape is worth 1,000 pictures,” Peter said. “Our ears tell us the sound of every leaf and animal and speak to the natural sources (来源) of our lives, which may hold the secrets of love for all things, especially our own humanity.” But not everything is satisfying. When Peter began recording over forty years ago, he could record for ten hours and get one hour of usable material good enough for a movie. Now, because of human activities, it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to get the same thing. Some of the places he has recorded over the years have slowly fallen silent. His sound pictures show that although nature might look the same to humans, it has lost part of its orchestra (管弦乐队). So next time you are in the forests, try another way to look—shut your eyes, and listen. 1．Why did Peter record natural sounds? A．To write songs for a music group. B．To discover rich lives in the forest. C．To use some of them in his music. D．To make music about birds singing. 2．What does the underlined word “capture” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Shut. B．Catch. C．Touch. D．Check. 3．What is a sound picture in the text? A．The sound of every leaf and animal in nature. B．The sound recorded in the natural environment. C．A picture of music with sounds of 1,000 animals. D．A picture of music with natural sounds in a place. 4．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Recording sounds needs less material. B．Sound pictures are the same as before. C．Some beautiful sounds in nature are lost. D．Human activities improve recording results. 5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Nature is the source of our future. B．Nature has wonders to be heard. C．Making music enriches our lives. D．Making music needs information. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了Peter通过录制自然声音来创作音乐，并强调了自然声音的丰富性和重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“He often went out to the wild with his microphone and recorded interesting sounds to put in movies or to use in his own songs.”可知，Peter录制自然声音是为了在他的音乐中使用这些声音。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Instead of trying to capture just the sound of one animal or bird, he recorded the sound of everything all together—the animals, the trees, the wind and the earth”可知他没有试图只捕捉一种动物或鸟类的声音，而是把所有东西的声音都记录下来，故此处划线部分意为“捕捉”，和catch意义相近。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Peter used a computer to make a picture of all the sounds going on in a place. Each animal, bird and insect had its own place on the picture—its own notes in the music”可知“sound picture”是指用计算机制作的包含某个地方所有声音的图片，即包含自然声音的音乐图片。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Now, because of human activities, it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to get the same thing. Some of the places he has recorded over the years have slowly fallen silent.”可知由于人类活动的影响，一些自然声音已经逐渐消失。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Peter通过录制自然声音来创作音乐，并强调了自然声音的丰富性和重要性，所以文章主要告诉我们大自然有奇妙的声音。故选B。 It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA,中国野生动物保护协会) will send giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of a new 10-year period of international conservation partnership. The CWCA has organized experienced caretakers and doctors to go with the pandas to the US. The zoo is getting ready to provide the pandas with a larger and more comfortable living environment. It has also formed a team with special skills related with panda care, daily nursing, and scientific research. The cooperation (合作) between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo. Giant pandas Hua Mei, born in 1999, and Mei Sheng, born in 2003, who used to live there, are the result of China-US giant panda research cooperation. Over the past twenty years, the two sides have cooperated and solved many technical problems, including important discoveries in key areas like panda raising. Since the 1990s, China has cooperated on giant panda conservation with 20 countries. “International cooperation in fields such as disease prevention and control, treatment, and wild training and reintroduction to the wild, has achieved good results. Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the world know China better,” said Li, the leader of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda. “Scientific and educational outreach (延伸服务) also serves as a key role in international giant panda exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in protecting wild giant pandas,” Li said. 1．China’s sending Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo means ________. A．a good living condition for pandas B．a new age of conservation cooperation C．a great achievement in scientific research D．a long-term plan for training panda caretakers 2．How long have the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo cooperated? A．21 years. B．25 years. C．28 years. D．34 years. 3．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The history of the cooperation. B．The raising of the giant pandas. C．The lives of the pandas in the US. D．The process of solving the problems. 4．What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Expect. B．Create. C．Improve. D．Receive. 5．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Scientific research is well on its way. B．The outreach plays an important part. C．The cooperation requires international support. D．Education about wildlife protection is a big success. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国对大熊猫外交的重视程度，并呼吁人们保护大熊猫。 1．细节理解题。根据“It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association will send giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of a new 10-year period of international conservation partnership.”可知中国野生动物保护协会将把大熊猫云川和鑫宝送往美国圣地亚哥动物园，这标志着双方新的10年国际保护伙伴关系。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“The cooperation between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo.”可知中国野生动物保护协会和圣地亚哥动物园的合作是从1996年开始，到现在已经28年了。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“The cooperation between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo.”可知本段介绍了中国野生动物保护协会和圣地亚哥动物园的合作。故选A。 4．词义推断题。根据“Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the world know China better”可知大熊猫会促进人们的沟通，让世界人们了解中国，facilitate有“促进”的意思，用improve意思相近。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“Scientific and educational outreach also serves as a key role in international giant panda exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in protecting wild giant pandas,”可知最后一段介绍了延伸服务的重要作用。故选B。 【热点话题练习】 It is often said, “You can’t live only on air.” But now the Chinese scientists will tell you: Maybe you can. A team of Chinese scientists have developed a new technology. They turned CO₂, one of the main greenhouse gases, into starch (淀粉). Starch is the main part of flour, rice and corn that we eat every day. Usually, it’s created by plants with CO₂, water and sunlight. According to the team’s director Ma Yanhe, it takes the plants nearly 60 steps to produce starch. But now, the team, after six years of hard work, has found a simpler way to do this, with only 11 steps. “Our study shows that creating something like starch is possible in a lab, and this technology may be helpful in many areas,” said Ma. The scientists first turned CO₂ and hydrogen (氢气) into methanol (甲醇). Then they turned these small and simple methanol molecules (分子) into bigger and more complex ones. Finally, the starch was produced. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories, replacing traditional farming. This will not only help make plenty of food, but also save water and land. It may also help recycle CO₂ to deal with climate change, according to China Daily. The study can be helpful in space, too. Astronauts (宇航员) may no longer need to worry about their food as they travel in space. They may simply turn the CO₂ they breathe out into the food they eat! 1．What’s the main part of flour, rice and corn? A．Water. B．Starch. C．CO₂. D．Methanol. 2．What did the scientists do first to make starch? A．They recycled CO₂ in space. B．They produced rice and corn on the farm. C．They turned CO₂ and hydrogen into methanol. D．They made methanol molecules into bigger ones. 3．What does the underlined word “complex” mean in Chinese? A．轻盈的 B．单一的 C．复杂的 D．环保的 4．The technology may be helpful in the following areas EXCEPT ________. A．producing food B．putting sunlight to good use C．saving water and land D．dealing with climate change 5．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．It is possible to turn CO₂ into corn now. B．Producing starch in the lab needs more steps than before. C．The new technology can replace traditional farming. D．Astronauts may take advantage of the new technology. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了中国科学家将二氧化碳转化为淀粉，该技术有助粮食生产、环保及太空应用。 1．细节理解题。根据文中明确提到“Starch is the main part of flour, rice and corn that we eat every day”，即淀粉是面粉、大米、玉米的主要成分。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文中说明科学家制作淀粉的第一步是“The scientists first turned CO₂ and hydrogen into methanol”，即先将二氧化碳和氢气转化为甲醇。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。“complex”前的“more”与前文“small and simple”（小且简单）形成对比，因此意为“复杂的”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文中提到该技术的作用包括“produce food、save water and land、deal with climate change”，但未提及“利用阳光”（这是植物自然产淀粉的条件）。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据文中提到“Astronauts may no longer need to worry about their food”，即宇航员可利用该技术。故选D。 Do you like visiting parks? Have you heard of “20-minute for parks”? It says that just staying in a park for 20 minutes can make you feel better, no matter how you choose to spend the time. In the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, park lovers from both home and abroad share their park experiences, post photos and videos, and give park suggestions and reviews. A lady, Huang Bingbing from Shenzhen, began visiting a small park near her company after lunch over three years ago. “On the grass, I could connect with living plants and animals. It allowed me to refresh my mind and get away from the stress of work,” Huang explained. Huang believes that parks are private spaces. She considers herself an introverted (内向) person, and parks serve as the perfect recharging spots for introverts. She often spends time alone in parks, free from worrying about talking to people. Parks can also be used as public places. Cheng Yuyan, who started the Douban group, found something interesting during her visits to parks abroad. She noticed that a lot of park benches (长椅) were given by local people with the names of donors (捐赠者) on them. Moreover, many parks offered guidebooks about the history, geography, and the plants. Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can further deepen their connection with parks by developing a sense of ownership. She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to help take care of parks and make them better places for everyone. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．raising questions B．telling stories C．giving facts D．listing numbers 2．Why does Huang Bingbing go to the park? A．To enjoy her lunch outdoors. B．To meet different people. C．To study plants and animals. D．To relax from her work. 3．The underlined part suggests that parks are perfect places for introverts to ________. A．give park reviews B．talk to people C．rest body and mind D．work outdoors 4．According to Paragraph 3, what caught Cheng Yuyan’s attention during her experiences abroad? ①Photos of the parks. ②Benches with donors’ names. ③Guidebooks about history. ④Videos from park lovers. A．①④ B．②③ C．①③ D．②④ 5．What is Cheng Yuyan’s plan? A．Sharing her park experiences. B．Encouraging people to care for parks. C．Setting up more Douban groups. D．Calling on people to visit parks abroad. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要围绕“20 分钟公园”概念展开，介绍了豆瓣小组“我们爱逛公园”的公园爱好者分享活动，同时通过深圳的黄冰冰，以及豆瓣小组创始人的案例，展现了公园作为“放松空间”和“公共空间”的不同功能。 1．细节理解题。根据“Do you like visiting parks? Have you heard of ‘20-minute for parks’?”可知，作者通过提出问题的方式引出文章内容，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“It allowed me to refresh my mind and get away from the stress of work”可知，黄冰冰去公园是为了从工作压力中放松下来，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段“parks serve as the perfect recharging spots for introverts. She often spends time alone in parks, free from worrying about talking to people.”可知，“recharging spots”对应“身心休息的地方”，公园是内向者放松身心的场所，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“She noticed that a lot of park benches were given by local people with the names of donors on them. Moreover, many parks offered guidebooks about the history, geography, and the plants.”可知，程喻言注意到的是“带捐赠者名字的长椅”和“关于历史、地理、植物的指南册”，对应②③，故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to help take care of parks”可知，程喻言的计划是鼓励人们爱护公园，故选B。 Have you ever walked in the dark? Can you imagine walking with your eyes closed? This is the real experience of blind people. There are sidewalks (人行道) for blind people. But they are sometimes used by cars or bikes. The travel of the blind is still a big problem. Luckily, an Austrian company has developed a useful travel tool for the blind—smart navigation (导航) shoes. They can help blind people walk safely. The smart shoes have a camera and they can send information in the front. This system can sense objects 4 meters away. If the wearer (穿戴者) is in a dangerous situation, they will warn him or her by shaking and making a warning sound. Then the blind can evade the danger and go to the place they want without worrying about blind sidewalks. With a special battery (电池) , this kind of shoes can be used up to one week. The battery can be fully charged in just three hours with a USB． Now, this company is working on creating better shoes. They’ll use AI technology to not only find objection the sidewalks, but also tell wearers what the objects are. For example, the shoes might tell you if there’s a car or a wall in front of you. “We believe that technology can make a difference to humans. If the shoes can be widely used for the blind or people who cannot see something clearly, their life will change a lot”, the leader of this company said. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining differences. 2．What are the smart navigation shoes used to do? A．To help blind people to drive. B．To help blind people to walk safely. C．To help people walk in the dark. D．To help people walk with their eyes closed. 3．What does the underlined word “evade” in Para 2 mean in English? A．Push. B．Keep. C．Avoid. D．Record. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．The smart shoes can be used less than one week. B．The smart shoes are widely used by people. C．The company is trying to make better shoes. D．The better shoes will help wearers find the people they know. 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．A New Pair of Shoes B．A High-technology Camera C．A Real Experience for Blind People D．A Useful Travel Tool for the Blind 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了奥地利一家公司为盲人研发的智能导航鞋，包括其功能、续航以及未来的改进方向。 1．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Have you ever walked in the dark? Can you imagine walking with your eyes closed?”可知，作者通过提出两个问题引出话题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Luckily, an Austrian company has developed a useful travel tool for the blind—smart navigation shoes. They can help blind people walk safely.”可知，智能导航鞋是用来帮助盲人安全行走的。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“If the wearer is in a dangerous situation, they will warn him or her by shaking and making a warning sound. Then the blind can evade the danger”可知，鞋子会通过震动和发出警告声提醒穿戴者，进而帮助盲人避开危险，因此“evade”意为“避开”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Now, this company is working on creating better shoes.”可知，该公司正在努力制造更好的鞋子。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。文章围绕为盲人研发的智能导航鞋展开，介绍了它的用途、特点和未来发展，核心是这一实用的出行工具。故选D。 So far, humans have landed on the moon for six times. If humans want to stay on the moon for a long time in the future, there will be a need for a source of food. It’s really a challenge, but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌). Researchers tested five kinds of bacteria. They found that over a period of 10 to 21 days, three of the bacteria doubled phosphorus content (磷含量), which is necessary for the growth of plants. In the next step of the study, the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems (茎) and roots after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria. Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants use energy from light to grow. China has made a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030 to do scientific study. As astronauts need to live on the moon for a long time, bringing all food to the moon will cost a lot of money. Growing plants there will be helpful. However, earlier tests showed that moon soil is bad for growing plants. Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a promising solution. 1．Chinese researchers are taking steps toward ________. A．growing plants in Earth soil B．doubling moon bacteria C．growing plants on the moon D．making plant leaves longer 2．What can we know about Earth bacteria? A．They are unnecessary for the growth of plants on the earth. B．They cause plants to have more chlorophyll. C．They make the stems and roots of plants shorter. D．They need 24 days to double the weight of leaves. 3．Which of the following are compared (比较) in the study in Paragraph 3? A．Moon soil and Earth soil. B．Man-made soil and natural soil. C．Heavier leaves and wider leaves. D．Plants with and without the bacteria. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the text? (①= Paragraph 1, …) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To show how Chinese researchers invented Earth bacteria. B．To explain why Earth plants can be grown well on moon soil. C．To introduce tests about making moon soil possible for growing plants. D．To explain an effective plan for landing astronauts on the moon. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了为解决人类未来在月球长期停留的食物来源问题，中国研究人员开展了相关测试，通过引入地球细菌改善月球土壤，使其有望适合植物种植的相关情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible.”可知，科学家们正在采取措施使月球种植成为可能。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素)”可知，地球细菌使植物有更多的叶绿素。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“They discovered that the plants had longer stems (茎) and roots after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria.”可知，与没有细菌种植的植物相比，这些植物在6天后茎和根更长，24天后叶子更重更宽。该段对比的是有细菌和无细菌种植的植物。故选 D。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段引入了月球农业的挑战这个话题；第二段到第四段具体介绍了研究者的实验过程和结果；第五段提出实验的潜在意义，选项A符合文章结构。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌).”并结合全文可知，本文重点介绍了有关使月球土壤适合种植植物的试验。故选C。 ①Chinese President Xi Jinping announced (宣布) the official opening of the Beijing Daxing International Airport on September 25. ②To improve passengers’ experience, the airport is built in the shape of a big star, making sure the travelers will need to walk no more than 2,000 feet to reach any boarding gate (登机门). And with the world’s biggest terminal (航站楼), it is designed to hold 72 million passengers a year. ③What’s more, the new airport has placed service robots that will provide help with flight information, services and other information. There are also five ancient-Chinese-style outdoor yards with the themes “Silk Garden”, “Tea Garden”, “Porcelain (瓷器) Garden”, “Country Garden” and “Chinese Garden”. They are for passengers waiting for the flights to use. So passengers can have a better experience by enjoying the beautiful view and Chinese culture. ④There are different ways to get to the airport. Travelers can take railways, buses or drive cars, according to Rong Jun, spokesman of the government. “Travelers can take the train at Caoqiao subway station, where the train’s top speed can reach 160 km per hour, taking only 19 minutes to arrive at the airport,” he said. “Travelers can also check in their luggage (行李) at the station.” ⑤Buses and taxis are also open to travelers. Up to now, six lines for airport buses are put into use. And if travelers want to drive cars, the parking garage (停车库) with 4,200 parking spaces is prepared for them. ⑥Another 4,800 parking spaces at terminal yard are also open to travelers. So the way the travelers choose to get to the airport depends on the travelers themselves. 1．Daxing International Airport is built in the shape of a star so that travelers _________. A．like the views of the airport B．walk more than 2, 000 feet to reach any boarding gate C．check in their luggage easily D．get to any boarding gate without walking too long 2．________ are placed in the airport to help travelers to get more information. A．Service robots B．Computers C．Phones D．Workers 3．What can we infer according to the passage? A．Daxing International Airport opened on September 25. B．Daxing International Airport is the biggest terminal in the world. C．Passengers can enjoy the beautiful view in Daxing International Airport. D．It’s very convenient for the travelers to get to Daxing International Airport. 4．The structure of the passage may be ________. A．①, ②③, ④⑤⑥ B．①, ②③④, ⑤⑥ C．①②, ③④, ⑤⑥ D．①②, ③④⑤, ⑥ 5．What's the main idea of this passage? A．A story of President Xi. B．Different lines to Daxing International Airport. C．The introduction to Daxing International Airport. D．The reason for building Daxing International Airport. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京大兴国际机场的相关信息，包括其形状设计、服务设施、文化特色以及前往机场的交通方式等，旨在让读者全面了解大兴国际机场。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the airport is built in the shape of a big star, making sure the travelers will need to walk no more than 2,000 feet to reach any boarding gate”可知，大兴国际机场建成星星形状是为了确保旅客步行不超过2000英尺就能到达任何登机口，即不用走太长时间就能到达任何登机口。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“the new airport has placed service robots that will provide help with flight information, services and other information”可知，机场放置了服务机器人来为旅客提供航班信息、服务和其他信息方面的帮助。故选A。 3．推理判断题。文章最后几段详细介绍了前往大兴国际机场的多种交通方式，包括乘坐铁路、公交车和自驾等，且都说明了其便利性，如乘坐火车速度快、耗时短，还能在车站托运行李；有多条机场巴士线路投入使用；有充足的停车位等。由此可推断出，旅客前往大兴国际机场非常方便。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段主要介绍了中国国家主席习近平宣布北京大兴国际机场正式启用这一事件，为总起段；第二、三、四段分别从机场的形状设计、服务设施、文化特色等方面对机场进行了详细介绍；第五、六段则介绍了前往机场的不同交通方式。所以文章结构为①总起，②③④分述机场情况，⑤⑥介绍交通方式。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。文章围绕北京大兴国际机场展开，全面介绍了机场的启用时间、形状设计、服务设施、文化特色以及前往机场的交通方式等信息，是对大兴国际机场的介绍。故选C。 Have you ever seen fish babies in space? In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists successfully got four zebrafish to live and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship on April 25, 2024. Since then, they have been living in a closed fish tank (罐) with some plants. In their special closed environment, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through a piece of special equipment. The fish grew up and had babies in 43 days. Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future studies in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply and easily. The scientists also found that the zebrafish acted differently than on Earth. For example, they often swam on their back. The low gravity in space is a big reason. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way easily. Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become stronger. Humans and zebrafish share 70 percent of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The Shenzhou XVIII spaceship’s design. B．The role of plants in space studies. C．Zebrafish’s life in space station. D．The importance of closed-loop ecosystems. 2．What made air for the fish in the closed environment? A．The plants. B．The special equipment. C．The fish waste. D．The water in the open air. 3．Which picture shows how zebrafish swam in space? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “gravity” in Paragraph 4 probably mean in Chinese? A．压强 B．冻土 C．臭氧 D．重力 5．Why is the zebrafish study important? A．It improves spaceship technology. B．It helps understand human health. C．It shows fish can have babies in space. D．It keeps the costs of the space station low. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了中国科学家在太空斑马鱼研究中的成果，发现斑马鱼能在封闭生态系统中生存繁殖，且行为与地球不同，这对未来太空研究和人类健康理解有重要意义。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship on April 25, 2024. Since then, they have been living in a closed fish tank (罐) with some plants...The fish grew up and had babies in 43 days.”可知，本段主要介绍了斑马鱼进入太空站后的生活情况，包括它们的生活环境、食物来源以及生长繁殖情况。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In their special closed environment, the plants made air for the fish”可知，在封闭环境中，植物为鱼制造空气。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“For example, they often swam on their back.”可知，斑马鱼在太空中经常仰泳，所以应选择展示斑马鱼仰泳状态的图片。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据第四段“On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way easily. Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become stronger.”可知，在地球上，重力把一切都拉向地球中心，动物可以很容易地找到方向，重力也让它们的身体更努力地工作，变得更强壮。由此可推断，“gravity”意为“重力”。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Humans and zebrafish share 70 percent of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health.”可知，斑马鱼研究之所以重要，是因为它有助于理解人类健康。故选B。 When people think of Beijing, the hutong style always comes to mind. It is no exaggeration (夸张) to say within hutong lives the city’s history. Every year, it receives more tourists from home and abroad than the high-rise buildings. The word “hutong” referred to a place where people lived, which was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean “water well” about 700 years ago. Until now, one can still find dry wells in hutong. Hutong we see today are made up of small paths (小路) formed by walls of siheyuan. They were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. When the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, there were more than 3,000 hutong. Most of the city’s population lived in this traditional housing. But with the development of the city in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutong were demolished to build roads, skyscrapers (摩天大楼) and modern houses. The government has realized the importance of hutong to Chinese culture. In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to rebuild some key remains and older streets in the city. Nearly 500 hutong have been saved. Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm in the noisy city. Although located downtown, the hutong are free from the noise of traffic, as they are too narrow to bear much. Walking through them, it’s common to see groups of elderly people sitting together playing cards, mahjong or Chinese chess. In the early mornings and evenings, they get together to practice traditional forms of exercise such as Taiji as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Beijing Opera. Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history. 1．What is the earliest meaning of the word “hutong”? A．Small paths. B．Siheyuan. C．Water well. D．A traditional house. 2．What does the underlined word “demolished” in paragraph 3 mean? A．taken down. B．moved away. C．set up. D．cleaned up. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．The number of hutong in Beijing is still over 3,000 now. B．Most people in Beijing used to live in hutong in 1949. C．Beijing has protected more than 1,000 hutong so far. D．Hutong are the noisiest places in the city. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The future of hutong. B．The change of hutong. C．The beauty of hutong life. D．The history of hutong life. 5．From which is the text most probably taken? A．Travel Guide B．Famous People C．Eating Customs D．Culture Window 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“胡同”一词的由来，历史变迁和现状。 1．细节理解题。根据“The word ‘hutong’ referred to a place where people lived, which was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean ‘water well’ about 700 years ago.”可知，“胡同”一词指的是人们居住的地方，大约700年前从蒙古语中借来，意思是“水井”。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“...to build roads, skyscrapers(摩天大楼) and modern houses.”可知，此处表示许多胡同被拆除，以修建道路、摩天大楼和现代房屋。所以demolished应为“拆除”的含义。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“When the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, there were more than 3,000 hutong. Most of the city’s population lived in this traditional housing.”可知在1949年，大部分人住在胡同。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知，主要讲胡同生活的美好之处。选项C“胡同生活的美好”符合题意，故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了“胡同”一词的由来，历史变迁和现状。所以文章可能出自文化之窗，故选D。 ①On Earth, we use bricks (砖块) to build houses, but what about building things on the moon? ▲ Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. ②To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant (模拟月壤). The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures, which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together. ③Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil compositions (成分) and used three ways to harden them. In this way they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. “Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon,” Zhou said, “For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of ‘Chang’e 5’, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩).” ④The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180℃ during the day and as cold as -190℃ at night. The lunar bricks have been sent to China’s space station on the “Tianzhou 8” spacecraft. There, scientists will carry out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. The first brick is expected to return to Earth by the end of 2025. 1．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 1? A．We use “lunar bricks”, of course! B．The question is too difficult to answer. C．Many people dream of going to the moon. D．Scientists may study the topic in the future! 2．Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks? A． B． C． D． 3．How did scientists find the best materials for lunar bricks? A．They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B．They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C．They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D．They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 4．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The introduction of China’s “Tianzhou 8” spacecraft. B．The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C．The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D．The time when the lunar brick will return to Earth. 5．What is most probably the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了为了在月球上建造房屋，中国科学家正在尝试制造月球砖。 1．推理判断题。根据“Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed ‘lunar bricks’.”可以推测此处内容和“月球砖”有关。选项A“我们当然使用‘月球砖’”符合语境。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks.”可知，月球砖比普通红砖结实三倍。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil compositions (成分) and used three ways to harden them. In this way they could choose the best materials for making the bricks.”可知，科学家们通过做多次的测试和用不同的方法处理月球土壤来找到适合制作月球砖的材料。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment.”及通读第四段可知，第四段主要说明月球环境极端，需要在空间站进一步测试月球砖的原因。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，①②段介绍月球砖的提出与特点；③段讲如何挑选制砖材料；④段说明需在太空测试及未来计划。故选B。 The Taklimakan Desert, which is in the northwest part of China, is the biggest desert in our country. It has been a big worry because it’s really large, about 337,600 square kilometers and there are a lot of sandstorms that come from it. These sandstorms are very bad for the nature and the way people live around it. So, people started a big project to put a green belt around the desert. By the end of 2023, a large part of a 2,761-kilometer-long green belt had already been made around the desert. In 2024, the last 285 kilometers, mostly in the south of the desert where the sandstorms are super bad, were finished. Now the whole Taklimakan Desert has a green belt all around it. This project has to do with six counties in three parts of Xinjiang. The building of this green belt used many different scientific ways. For example, the China Railway Construction Development Group made a system to stop the sand. This system has three main things. There are tall things to stop the sand, squares made of straw, and wide lines of trees. These things work together well to stop the desert from getting bigger. When the green belt around the desert was successfully built, it brought a lot of good things. First, it made the nature around the desert better. There are fewer and not as strong sandstorms now. Second, it kept the farming near the desert safe. So, farmers can grow food more easily. Also, the places where people live in cities and in the countryside are nicer. Because there are fewer sandstorms, there is less damage to the things like roads and buildings, and more people come to visit. So, the local people can make more money from having tourists. This project shows how much China wants to stop the desert from getting worse and make the nature better. 1．Why did people start the green belt project around the Taklimakan Desert? A．To build more roads and buildings. B．To turn the desert into farmland directly. C．To help local counties become more famous. D．To stop sandstorms from harming nature and lives. 2．Where was the last part of the green belt finished in 2024? A．The east of the desert. B．The west of the desert. C．The south of the desert. D．The north of the desert. 3．What does the underlined word “damage” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Harm. B．Help. C．Protection. D．Improvement. 4．How does the writer introduce the sand-stopping system in Paragraph 3? A．By asking readers a question. B．By telling a story about sandstorms. C．By listing its three main parts. D．By comparing it with other systems. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．Time→Place→People→Events. B．Problem→Solution→Process→Results. C．Cause→Effect→Comparison→Advice. D．Introduction→Example→Advice→Conclusion. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国最大的沙漠——塔克拉玛干沙漠因沙尘暴频发危害自然与人类生活，为此人们启动了沙漠绿化带建设项目，详细说明了项目的完成情况、防沙科学方法以及项目带来的多方面积极成效。 1．细节理解题。根据“It has been a big worry because it’s really large...there are a lot of sandstorms that come from it. These sandstorms are very bad for the nature and the way people live around it. So, people started a big project to put a green belt around the desert.”可知，修建绿化带的目的是阻止沙尘暴危害自然和人们的生活。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 2024, the last 285 kilometers, mostly in the south of the desert where the sandstorms are super bad, were finished.”可知，2024年完工的绿化带最后一部分在沙漠南部。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Because there are fewer sandstorms, there is less damage to the things like roads and buildings”，结合前文“sandstorms are very bad for the nature and the way people live around it”可知，“damage”与“bad for”意思相近，与“Harm”同义，意为“损害；伤害”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“This system has three main things. There are tall things to stop the sand, squares made of straw, and wide lines of trees.”可知，作者通过列举防沙系统的三个主要部分来介绍该系统。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。文章第1段提出问题——塔克拉玛干沙漠的沙尘暴危害自然与人类生活；第2-3段给出解决方案并说明实施过程——启动绿化带项目，介绍项目完工情况及防沙科学方法；第4段阐述结果——绿化带建成后带来的改善自然环境、保障农业生产、促进旅游业发展等积极成效。因此文章结构为“问题→解决方案→过程→结果”。故选B。 Researchers discovered a new kind of snake in Madagascar and named it “ghost snake” for its pale grey color and trick. They studied the snake’s physical characteristics (特点) and genetics (遗传学), which showed it is a new kind of snake. The researchers Sara Ruane and her workmates from the LSU Museum of Natural Science in Madagascar named it “Madagascarophis lolo”, which means the ghost in Malagasy. The “ghost snake” is part of cat-eyed snakes, which are often found among snakes that are active at night. Many of the cat-eyed snakes are found in developed areas or degraded (退化的) forests; however, the researchers found the “ghost snake” on the national park’s rocks. The researchers were surprised to find the “ghost snake’s” next closest relative is a snake called “Madagascarophis fuchsi”. Ruane and her workmates discovered the “ghost snake” after hiking for more than 17 miles in the rain from their field place to the Ankarana National Park. Snakes are hard to find in good environments. So these researchers did their fieldwork during the rainy season in Madagascar when snakes and their prey (猎物) were often seen. After discovering this new kind of snake, the researchers returned to the U.S. to do the genetic study. Ruane got DNA from the “ghost snake” and “Madagascarophis fuchsi”. She compared it to decide how similar the new kind was to others. And Ruane and her workmates mapped the genetic family tree. All of the research they did supported this is a new kind of snake. 1．What is part of the reason that the snake is named the “ghost snake”? A．It has eyes that look like a cat’s. B．It’s always active at night. C．It’s very good at learning. D．It has a pale grey color. 2．Why did the researchers work in the wild during the rainy season? A．Because it was the best season in Madagascar. B．Because few snakes hurt people in this season. C．Because snakes and their prey were active then. D．Because they could find other animals at the same time. 3．What was the researchers’ purpose of the genetic study in the last paragraph? A．To map the genetic family tree of animals. B．To write a scientific report on snakes. C．To find more information about this snake’s habit. D．To make sure that the “ghost snake” is a new kind. 4．What does the word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．the ghost snake B．DNA C．the genetic family tree D．the genetic study 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．The work of snake researchers B．The new kind of snake—Madagascarophis lolo C．The genetic family tree map of snakes D．The powerful study around the world 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究人员在马达加斯加发现了一种新的蛇类——“幽灵蛇”，并对其进行了研究和命名。 1．细节理解题。根据“Researchers discovered a new kind of snake in Madagascar and named it ‘ghost snake’ for its pale grey color and trick.”可知，蛇被命名为“幽灵蛇”的部分原因是其颜色。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“So these researchers did their fieldwork during the rainy season in Madagascar when snakes and their prey (猎物) were often seen.”可知，研究人员选择雨季工作是因为蛇和猎物活动频繁。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“All of the researches they did supported this is a new kind of snake.”可知，基因研究的目的是确认“幽灵蛇”是新物种。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据“Ruane got DNA from the ‘ghost snake’ and ‘Madagascarophis fuchsi’. She compared it to decide how similar the new kind was to others.”可知，Ruane从“幽灵蛇”和“Madagascarophis fuchsi”中提取了DNA，并比较它来确定新物种与其他物种的相似性，“it”指代DNA。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕新发现的“幽灵蛇”（Madagascarophis lolo）展开，描述其特点、发现过程及研究结果，B项符合。故选B。 On April 3, 2025, more than 2,300 students and teachers from Guyuan City in Ningxia started their yearly 54-kilometer walk. They did this to remember the soldiers who died in 1949 to free the region. This year is the 30th year of the “walking ideological and political education class” (行走的思政课). It started in 1995 and has inspired over 30,000 students. The trip starts before the sun comes up. The people taking part carry white flowers they made by hand and sing patriotic (爱国的) songs like Ode to the Motherland (《歌唱祖国》). They walk on muddy mountain paths to Renshanhe Martyrs’ Cemetery (烈士陵园). There, 391 soldiers are buried. Many of them were only 18 to 25 years old, like teenagers. The walk is hard. People often face rain, snow, and they get very tired. In 2021, a snowstorm made the trip take 14 hours, but everyone kept going. This activity mixes history with learning by doing. Students look at battle maps in geography class. They write poems for the martyrs and act out historical stories in English lessons. At the cemetery, they clean the tombstones and read the names of the dead soldiers. One student said, “Touching the cold stones made me know what sacrifice really means.” Over the years, this walk has become a model for education across the country. Schools in China now organize trips like this. The live broadcasts in 2024-2025 got more than 100 million people to watch. New technologies, like “AI facial reconstructions of martyrs”, let students “talk” to historical figures. This makes the experience even better. Many former students, like spacecraft designer Yan Qi, say the walk taught them to be strong and work as a team. Teachers say it helps students understand the cost of peace better than books can. This 30-year-old tradition shows that education is not just about books. It’s about feeling history with your feet and your heart. As one teacher said, “When students walk this path, they carry on memory and responsibility.” 1．When did the “walking ideological and political education class” start? A．In 1949. B．In 1995. C．In 2021. D．In 2025. 2．What is TRUE about the Renshanhe Martyrs’ Cemetery? A．The cemetery is located in a big city. B．No one has visited the cemetery before 1995. C．391 soldiers over 30 years old are buried there. D．Students clean tombstones and read soldiers’ names there. 3．Why does the article mention “AI facial reconstructions of martyrs”? A．To show that technology is more important than walking. B．To explain how schools use new tools to make history more lively. C．To prove that all schools must use AI in education. D．To describe a new game students play during the walk. 4．What can we infer about the “walking ideological and political education class” from the passage? A．It is only held in Guyuan City every year. B．It has had a great influence on many students. C．It is always held in good weather conditions. D．It only focuses on teaching students history knowledge. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe a challenging physical activity. B．To highlight the importance of textbooks. C．To introduce an innovative educational model. D．To criticize traditional teaching methods. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宁夏固原市持续30年的“行走的思政课”活动。该活动通过54公里徒步、扫墓、互动教学等形式，将历史教育与实践相结合，成为全国教育典范，并运用AI技术增强体验。 1．细节理解题。根据“This year is the 30th year of the ‘walking ideological and political education class’… It started in 1995”（今年是该活动第30年，始于1995年）可推知活动开始时间为1995年。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“At the cemetery, they clean the tombstones and read the names of the dead soldiers”（在陵园，学生清扫墓碑并朗读烈士姓名）可推知D项描述正确。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“New technologies...let students ‘talk’ to historical figures. This makes the experience even better”（新技术让学生与历史人物‘对话’，提升体验）可推知AI技术用于增强历史教育的生动性。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Many former students...say the walk taught them to be strong”（往届学生称活动教会他们坚强）及全国推广（第4段）可推知活动对学生影响深远。B项正确。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕“行走的思政课”的教育创新模式展开，包括其历史背景、实践形式、技术应用及影响力。C项“介绍创新教育模式”最贴合主旨。故选C。 For foreign students who want to learn in China, before deciding to study Chinese in China locally, it’s good to carefully understand what to expect from the culture shock that comes with it. One clear difference between Chinese culture and Western culture lies in communication styles. While Western culture often pays attention to clear words, Chinese communication is more indirect and subtle. For example, in the West, it’s common to express one’s opinion openly and directly, while in China, it’s more likely for people to use suggestions to pass their thoughts, out of respect and to keep the understanding in relationships. Western culture is known for its focus on individualism (个人主义), where personal achievements and independence are highly valued. For example, moving out of one’s parents’ home soon after being 18 years old is common in the West. Instead, Chinese culture is more collectivistic (集体主义的), prioritizing the happiness of the family or group over individual needs. This could be seen in the strong ties between family members and the importance of teamwork. Understanding and thinking about special sides of Chinese culture are important for improving strong cross-cultural relationships and cooperation (合作). Recognizing (认识到) the value of learning from other cultures can lead to a richer community among different cultures. By welcoming the differences between Chinese culture and Western culture, we can improve mutual (相互的) respect, bridge cultural differences, and create a more united world. 1．What is the clear difference between Chinese culture and Western culture mentioned in the text? A．The methods of learning. B．The styles of acting. C．The kinds of drawing. D．The ways of communication. 2．What does the underlined word “subtle” in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese? A．直接的 B．微妙的 C．小声的 D．清晰的 3．What can we know from the text? A．Chinese usually speak out their ideas directly. B．In Chinese culture, self-interest is above everything. C．The happiness of a group is more enjoyable in Chinese culture. D．Westerners think working together is more important. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce the ancient Chinese culture. B．To encourage people from different cultures to talk with understanding. C．To teach foreign students how to learn Chinese. D．To show the differences between Chinese and Western cultures. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了外国学生来中国学习前需了解中西方文化差异，包括沟通方式上西方直接、中国间接，以及西方注重个人主义、中国注重集体主义，理解这些差异对跨文化交流与合作很重要。 1．细节理解题。根据“One clear difference between Chinese culture and Western culture lies in communication styles.”可知中西方文化明显的差异是沟通方式。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“While Western culture often pays attention to clear words, Chinese communication is more indirect and subtle.”可知西方文化注重清晰的表达，而中国沟通更间接，所以“subtle”意为“微妙的”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Chinese culture is more collectivistic (集体主义的), prioritizing the happiness of the family or group over individual needs.”可知在中国文化中，群体或家庭的幸福优先于个人需求，即群体的幸福在中国文化中更受重视。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了外国学生来中国学习前需了解中西方文化差异，理解这些差异对跨文化交流与合作很重要，所以作者写这篇文章主要是为了鼓励不同文化背景的人能够相互理解地交流。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。第一段总述外国学生来中国学习要了解文化冲击带来的文化差异；第二、三段分别从沟通方式和个人主义与集体主义两方面阐述中西方文化差异；第四段总结理解中西方文化差异的重要性。所以文章结构是总—分—总。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型04 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (福建专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,说明文 2 适中 科普知识,说明文 3 适中 科普知识,说明文,濒危生物 4 较易 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 5 适中 景点/建筑,人与动植物,说明文 6 较易 发明与创造,科学技术,说明文 7 适中 种植与养殖,说明文,植物 8 适中 交通方式,说明文 9 适中 航天与航空,常见动物,说明文 10 适中 景点/建筑,说明文,中华文化 11 适中 航天与航空,说明文 12 较易 环境保护,说明文 13 适中 常见动物,说明文 14 较易 教育,说明文 15 适中 文化差异,说明文 【中考典例】 Deep under the Pacific Ocean lie coral reefs colored by some algae that live with corals. Corals usually provide nitrogen (氮) to algae, and in return they get carbon (碳), which gives them energy. In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. And it was believed that about 50 percent of reefs with beautiful corals might disappear by 2030. Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015—2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn’t influence the reefs as badly as the first. Maybe corals have found a way to adapt (适应). Swimming to cooler waters is not a good choice for corals, for it makes them easily hurt by the changing climate. But corals are able to adapt. Some turn to those algae that can deal well with heat. Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to “fan” away too much harmful oxygen  (O2) let out by stressed-out algae. Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms (新陈代谢) in order to fight the warming waters. But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree. After studying and understanding these adaptations, scientists are trying to find ways to help corals fight. If researchers can make corals accept algae that can deal with heat pressure or if they energize genes (基因) that can deal with heat pressure, it will raise the corals’ chance of living through future ocean heat waves. “When I go down to the sea and see a beautiful healthy reef with these colorful corals, I feel this pleasure of being in this underwater world,” a famous biologist says. “It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight.” 1．What can we know from paragraph 1? A．Corals make algae more colorful. B．Algae provide room for corals to live in. C．Corals and algae depend on each other. D．Algae produce nitrogen to influence corals. 2．What does the underlined part “the first” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The heat wave in the early 1980s. B．The heat wave in the late 1990s. C．The Pacific waters in 2015—2016. D．The reefs’ disappearance by 2030. 3．What difficulty do corals face? A．They cannot completely adapt to heat waves. B．They cannot change their own metabolisms. C．They have no ability to swim to cooler waters. D．They have no ability to drive away harmful oxygen. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It’s necessary to live with corals. B．The ocean has become unhealthy. C．We should try our best to save corals. D．Making a study of the ocean is a must. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Corals Die Out B．Corals Fight Back C．Corals Break Down D．Corals Come into Being As we often use eyes to touch nature, most of us “lose” the ability to listen to the world. Peter writes music. He likes sounds and uses natural sounds as part of his music. He often went out to the wild with his microphone and recorded interesting sounds to put in movies or to use in his own songs. Instead of trying to capture just the sound of one animal or bird, he recorded the sound of everything all together—the animals, the trees, the wind and the earth. He called these recordings “soundscapes”—the sound of a certain place. Every soundscape Peter recorded had a lot of information. Back in his workshop, Peter used a computer to make a picture of all the sounds going on in a place. Each animal, bird and insect had its own place on the picture—its own notes in the music. The busier the picture, the richer the life in that place. “While a picture may be worth 1,000 words, a soundscape is worth 1,000 pictures,” Peter said. “Our ears tell us the sound of every leaf and animal and speak to the natural sources (来源) of our lives, which may hold the secrets of love for all things, especially our own humanity.” But not everything is satisfying. When Peter began recording over forty years ago, he could record for ten hours and get one hour of usable material good enough for a movie. Now, because of human activities, it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to get the same thing. Some of the places he has recorded over the years have slowly fallen silent. His sound pictures show that although nature might look the same to humans, it has lost part of its orchestra (管弦乐队). So next time you are in the forests, try another way to look—shut your eyes, and listen. 1．Why did Peter record natural sounds? A．To write songs for a music group. B．To discover rich lives in the forest. C．To use some of them in his music. D．To make music about birds singing. 2．What does the underlined word “capture” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Shut. B．Catch. C．Touch. D．Check. 3．What is a sound picture in the text? A．The sound of every leaf and animal in nature. B．The sound recorded in the natural environment. C．A picture of music with sounds of 1,000 animals. D．A picture of music with natural sounds in a place. 4．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Recording sounds needs less material. B．Sound pictures are the same as before. C．Some beautiful sounds in nature are lost. D．Human activities improve recording results. 5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Nature is the source of our future. B．Nature has wonders to be heard. C．Making music enriches our lives. D．Making music needs information. It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA,中国野生动物保护协会) will send giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of a new 10-year period of international conservation partnership. The CWCA has organized experienced caretakers and doctors to go with the pandas to the US. The zoo is getting ready to provide the pandas with a larger and more comfortable living environment. It has also formed a team with special skills related with panda care, daily nursing, and scientific research. The cooperation (合作) between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo. Giant pandas Hua Mei, born in 1999, and Mei Sheng, born in 2003, who used to live there, are the result of China-US giant panda research cooperation. Over the past twenty years, the two sides have cooperated and solved many technical problems, including important discoveries in key areas like panda raising. Since the 1990s, China has cooperated on giant panda conservation with 20 countries. “International cooperation in fields such as disease prevention and control, treatment, and wild training and reintroduction to the wild, has achieved good results. Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the world know China better,” said Li, the leader of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda. “Scientific and educational outreach (延伸服务) also serves as a key role in international giant panda exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in protecting wild giant pandas,” Li said. 1．China’s sending Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo means ________. A．a good living condition for pandas B．a new age of conservation cooperation C．a great achievement in scientific research D．a long-term plan for training panda caretakers 2．How long have the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo cooperated? A．21 years. B．25 years. C．28 years. D．34 years. 3．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The history of the cooperation. B．The raising of the giant pandas. C．The lives of the pandas in the US. D．The process of solving the problems. 4．What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Expect. B．Create. C．Improve. D．Receive. 5．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Scientific research is well on its way. B．The outreach plays an important part. C．The cooperation requires international support. D．Education about wildlife protection is a big success. 【热点话题练习】 It is often said, “You can’t live only on air.” But now the Chinese scientists will tell you: Maybe you can. A team of Chinese scientists have developed a new technology. They turned CO₂, one of the main greenhouse gases, into starch (淀粉). Starch is the main part of flour, rice and corn that we eat every day. Usually, it’s created by plants with CO₂, water and sunlight. According to the team’s director Ma Yanhe, it takes the plants nearly 60 steps to produce starch. But now, the team, after six years of hard work, has found a simpler way to do this, with only 11 steps. “Our study shows that creating something like starch is possible in a lab, and this technology may be helpful in many areas,” said Ma. The scientists first turned CO₂ and hydrogen (氢气) into methanol (甲醇). Then they turned these small and simple methanol molecules (分子) into bigger and more complex ones. Finally, the starch was produced. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories, replacing traditional farming. This will not only help make plenty of food, but also save water and land. It may also help recycle CO₂ to deal with climate change, according to China Daily. The study can be helpful in space, too. Astronauts (宇航员) may no longer need to worry about their food as they travel in space. They may simply turn the CO₂ they breathe out into the food they eat! 1．What’s the main part of flour, rice and corn? A．Water. B．Starch. C．CO₂. D．Methanol. 2．What did the scientists do first to make starch? A．They recycled CO₂ in space. B．They produced rice and corn on the farm. C．They turned CO₂ and hydrogen into methanol. D．They made methanol molecules into bigger ones. 3．What does the underlined word “complex” mean in Chinese? A．轻盈的 B．单一的 C．复杂的 D．环保的 4．The technology may be helpful in the following areas EXCEPT ________. A．producing food B．putting sunlight to good use C．saving water and land D．dealing with climate change 5．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．It is possible to turn CO₂ into corn now. B．Producing starch in the lab needs more steps than before. C．The new technology can replace traditional farming. D．Astronauts may take advantage of the new technology. Do you like visiting parks? Have you heard of “20-minute for parks”? It says that just staying in a park for 20 minutes can make you feel better, no matter how you choose to spend the time. In the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, park lovers from both home and abroad share their park experiences, post photos and videos, and give park suggestions and reviews. A lady, Huang Bingbing from Shenzhen, began visiting a small park near her company after lunch over three years ago. “On the grass, I could connect with living plants and animals. It allowed me to refresh my mind and get away from the stress of work,” Huang explained. Huang believes that parks are private spaces. She considers herself an introverted (内向) person, and parks serve as the perfect recharging spots for introverts. She often spends time alone in parks, free from worrying about talking to people. Parks can also be used as public places. Cheng Yuyan, who started the Douban group, found something interesting during her visits to parks abroad. She noticed that a lot of park benches (长椅) were given by local people with the names of donors (捐赠者) on them. Moreover, many parks offered guidebooks about the history, geography, and the plants. Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can further deepen their connection with parks by developing a sense of ownership. She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to help take care of parks and make them better places for everyone. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．raising questions B．telling stories C．giving facts D．listing numbers 2．Why does Huang Bingbing go to the park? A．To enjoy her lunch outdoors. B．To meet different people. C．To study plants and animals. D．To relax from her work. 3．The underlined part suggests that parks are perfect places for introverts to ________. A．give park reviews B．talk to people C．rest body and mind D．work outdoors 4．According to Paragraph 3, what caught Cheng Yuyan’s attention during her experiences abroad? ①Photos of the parks. ②Benches with donors’ names. ③Guidebooks about history. ④Videos from park lovers. A．①④ B．②③ C．①③ D．②④ 5．What is Cheng Yuyan’s plan? A．Sharing her park experiences. B．Encouraging people to care for parks. C．Setting up more Douban groups. D．Calling on people to visit parks abroad. Have you ever walked in the dark? Can you imagine walking with your eyes closed? This is the real experience of blind people. There are sidewalks (人行道) for blind people. But they are sometimes used by cars or bikes. The travel of the blind is still a big problem. Luckily, an Austrian company has developed a useful travel tool for the blind—smart navigation (导航) shoes. They can help blind people walk safely. The smart shoes have a camera and they can send information in the front. This system can sense objects 4 meters away. If the wearer (穿戴者) is in a dangerous situation, they will warn him or her by shaking and making a warning sound. Then the blind can evade the danger and go to the place they want without worrying about blind sidewalks. With a special battery (电池) , this kind of shoes can be used up to one week. The battery can be fully charged in just three hours with a USB． Now, this company is working on creating better shoes. They’ll use AI technology to not only find objection the sidewalks, but also tell wearers what the objects are. For example, the shoes might tell you if there’s a car or a wall in front of you. “We believe that technology can make a difference to humans. If the shoes can be widely used for the blind or people who cannot see something clearly, their life will change a lot”, the leader of this company said. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining differences. 2．What are the smart navigation shoes used to do? A．To help blind people to drive. B．To help blind people to walk safely. C．To help people walk in the dark. D．To help people walk with their eyes closed. 3．What does the underlined word “evade” in Para 2 mean in English? A．Push. B．Keep. C．Avoid. D．Record. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．The smart shoes can be used less than one week. B．The smart shoes are widely used by people. C．The company is trying to make better shoes. D．The better shoes will help wearers find the people they know. 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．A New Pair of Shoes B．A High-technology Camera C．A Real Experience for Blind People D．A Useful Travel Tool for the Blind So far, humans have landed on the moon for six times. If humans want to stay on the moon for a long time in the future, there will be a need for a source of food. It’s really a challenge, but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌). Researchers tested five kinds of bacteria. They found that over a period of 10 to 21 days, three of the bacteria doubled phosphorus content (磷含量), which is necessary for the growth of plants. In the next step of the study, the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems (茎) and roots after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria. Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants use energy from light to grow. China has made a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030 to do scientific study. As astronauts need to live on the moon for a long time, bringing all food to the moon will cost a lot of money. Growing plants there will be helpful. However, earlier tests showed that moon soil is bad for growing plants. Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a promising solution. 1．Chinese researchers are taking steps toward ________. A．growing plants in Earth soil B．doubling moon bacteria C．growing plants on the moon D．making plant leaves longer 2．What can we know about Earth bacteria? A．They are unnecessary for the growth of plants on the earth. B．They cause plants to have more chlorophyll. C．They make the stems and roots of plants shorter. D．They need 24 days to double the weight of leaves. 3．Which of the following are compared (比较) in the study in Paragraph 3? A．Moon soil and Earth soil. B．Man-made soil and natural soil. C．Heavier leaves and wider leaves. D．Plants with and without the bacteria. 4．Which is the right structure (结构) of the text? (①= Paragraph 1, …) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To show how Chinese researchers invented Earth bacteria. B．To explain why Earth plants can be grown well on moon soil. C．To introduce tests about making moon soil possible for growing plants. D．To explain an effective plan for landing astronauts on the moon. ①Chinese President Xi Jinping announced (宣布) the official opening of the Beijing Daxing International Airport on September 25. ②To improve passengers’ experience, the airport is built in the shape of a big star, making sure the travelers will need to walk no more than 2,000 feet to reach any boarding gate (登机门). And with the world’s biggest terminal (航站楼), it is designed to hold 72 million passengers a year. ③What’s more, the new airport has placed service robots that will provide help with flight information, services and other information. There are also five ancient-Chinese-style outdoor yards with the themes “Silk Garden”, “Tea Garden”, “Porcelain (瓷器) Garden”, “Country Garden” and “Chinese Garden”. They are for passengers waiting for the flights to use. So passengers can have a better experience by enjoying the beautiful view and Chinese culture. ④There are different ways to get to the airport. Travelers can take railways, buses or drive cars, according to Rong Jun, spokesman of the government. “Travelers can take the train at Caoqiao subway station, where the train’s top speed can reach 160 km per hour, taking only 19 minutes to arrive at the airport,” he said. “Travelers can also check in their luggage (行李) at the station.” ⑤Buses and taxis are also open to travelers. Up to now, six lines for airport buses are put into use. And if travelers want to drive cars, the parking garage (停车库) with 4,200 parking spaces is prepared for them. ⑥Another 4,800 parking spaces at terminal yard are also open to travelers. So the way the travelers choose to get to the airport depends on the travelers themselves. 1．Daxing International Airport is built in the shape of a star so that travelers _________. A．like the views of the airport B．walk more than 2, 000 feet to reach any boarding gate C．check in their luggage easily D．get to any boarding gate without walking too long 2．________ are placed in the airport to help travelers to get more information. A．Service robots B．Computers C．Phones D．Workers 3．What can we infer according to the passage? A．Daxing International Airport opened on September 25. B．Daxing International Airport is the biggest terminal in the world. C．Passengers can enjoy the beautiful view in Daxing International Airport. D．It’s very convenient for the travelers to get to Daxing International Airport. 4．The structure of the passage may be ________. A．①, ②③, ④⑤⑥ B．①, ②③④, ⑤⑥ C．①②, ③④, ⑤⑥ D．①②, ③④⑤, ⑥ 5．What's the main idea of this passage? A．A story of President Xi. B．Different lines to Daxing International Airport. C．The introduction to Daxing International Airport. D．The reason for building Daxing International Airport. Have you ever seen fish babies in space? In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists successfully got four zebrafish to live and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spaceship on April 25, 2024. Since then, they have been living in a closed fish tank (罐) with some plants. In their special closed environment, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through a piece of special equipment. The fish grew up and had babies in 43 days. Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future studies in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply and easily. The scientists also found that the zebrafish acted differently than on Earth. For example, they often swam on their back. The low gravity in space is a big reason. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way easily. Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become stronger. Humans and zebrafish share 70 percent of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The Shenzhou XVIII spaceship’s design. B．The role of plants in space studies. C．Zebrafish’s life in space station. D．The importance of closed-loop ecosystems. 2．What made air for the fish in the closed environment? A．The plants. B．The special equipment. C．The fish waste. D．The water in the open air. 3．Which picture shows how zebrafish swam in space? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “gravity” in Paragraph 4 probably mean in Chinese? A．压强 B．冻土 C．臭氧 D．重力 5．Why is the zebrafish study important? A．It improves spaceship technology. B．It helps understand human health. C．It shows fish can have babies in space. D．It keeps the costs of the space station low. When people think of Beijing, the hutong style always comes to mind. It is no exaggeration (夸张) to say within hutong lives the city’s history. Every year, it receives more tourists from home and abroad than the high-rise buildings. The word “hutong” referred to a place where people lived, which was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean “water well” about 700 years ago. Until now, one can still find dry wells in hutong. Hutong we see today are made up of small paths (小路) formed by walls of siheyuan. They were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. When the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, there were more than 3,000 hutong. Most of the city’s population lived in this traditional housing. But with the development of the city in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutong were demolished to build roads, skyscrapers (摩天大楼) and modern houses. The government has realized the importance of hutong to Chinese culture. In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to rebuild some key remains and older streets in the city. Nearly 500 hutong have been saved. Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm in the noisy city. Although located downtown, the hutong are free from the noise of traffic, as they are too narrow to bear much. Walking through them, it’s common to see groups of elderly people sitting together playing cards, mahjong or Chinese chess. In the early mornings and evenings, they get together to practice traditional forms of exercise such as Taiji as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Beijing Opera. Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history. 1．What is the earliest meaning of the word “hutong”? A．Small paths. B．Siheyuan. C．Water well. D．A traditional house. 2．What does the underlined word “demolished” in paragraph 3 mean? A．taken down. B．moved away. C．set up. D．cleaned up. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．The number of hutong in Beijing is still over 3,000 now. B．Most people in Beijing used to live in hutong in 1949. C．Beijing has protected more than 1,000 hutong so far. D．Hutong are the noisiest places in the city. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The future of hutong. B．The change of hutong. C．The beauty of hutong life. D．The history of hutong life. 5．From which is the text most probably taken? A．Travel Guide B．Famous People C．Eating Customs D．Culture Window ①On Earth, we use bricks (砖块) to build houses, but what about building things on the moon? ▲ Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. ②To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant (模拟月壤). The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures, which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together. ③Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil compositions (成分) and used three ways to harden them. In this way they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. “Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon,” Zhou said, “For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of ‘Chang’e 5’, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩).” ④The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme (极端的) environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180℃ during the day and as cold as -190℃ at night. The lunar bricks have been sent to China’s space station on the “Tianzhou 8” spacecraft. There, scientists will carry out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. The first brick is expected to return to Earth by the end of 2025. 1．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 1? A．We use “lunar bricks”, of course! B．The question is too difficult to answer. C．Many people dream of going to the moon. D．Scientists may study the topic in the future! 2．Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks? A． B． C． D． 3．How did scientists find the best materials for lunar bricks? A．They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B．They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C．They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D．They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 4．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The introduction of China’s “Tianzhou 8” spacecraft. B．The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C．The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D．The time when the lunar brick will return to Earth. 5．What is most probably the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． The Taklimakan Desert, which is in the northwest part of China, is the biggest desert in our country. It has been a big worry because it’s really large, about 337,600 square kilometers and there are a lot of sandstorms that come from it. These sandstorms are very bad for the nature and the way people live around it. So, people started a big project to put a green belt around the desert. By the end of 2023, a large part of a 2,761-kilometer-long green belt had already been made around the desert. In 2024, the last 285 kilometers, mostly in the south of the desert where the sandstorms are super bad, were finished. Now the whole Taklimakan Desert has a green belt all around it. This project has to do with six counties in three parts of Xinjiang. The building of this green belt used many different scientific ways. For example, the China Railway Construction Development Group made a system to stop the sand. This system has three main things. There are tall things to stop the sand, squares made of straw, and wide lines of trees. These things work together well to stop the desert from getting bigger. When the green belt around the desert was successfully built, it brought a lot of good things. First, it made the nature around the desert better. There are fewer and not as strong sandstorms now. Second, it kept the farming near the desert safe. So, farmers can grow food more easily. Also, the places where people live in cities and in the countryside are nicer. Because there are fewer sandstorms, there is less damage to the things like roads and buildings, and more people come to visit. So, the local people can make more money from having tourists. This project shows how much China wants to stop the desert from getting worse and make the nature better. 1．Why did people start the green belt project around the Taklimakan Desert? A．To build more roads and buildings. B．To turn the desert into farmland directly. C．To help local counties become more famous. D．To stop sandstorms from harming nature and lives. 2．Where was the last part of the green belt finished in 2024? A．The east of the desert. B．The west of the desert. C．The south of the desert. D．The north of the desert. 3．What does the underlined word “damage” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Harm. B．Help. C．Protection. D．Improvement. 4．How does the writer introduce the sand-stopping system in Paragraph 3? A．By asking readers a question. B．By telling a story about sandstorms. C．By listing its three main parts. D．By comparing it with other systems. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．Time→Place→People→Events. B．Problem→Solution→Process→Results. C．Cause→Effect→Comparison→Advice. D．Introduction→Example→Advice→Conclusion. Researchers discovered a new kind of snake in Madagascar and named it “ghost snake” for its pale grey color and trick. They studied the snake’s physical characteristics (特点) and genetics (遗传学), which showed it is a new kind of snake. The researchers Sara Ruane and her workmates from the LSU Museum of Natural Science in Madagascar named it “Madagascarophis lolo”, which means the ghost in Malagasy. The “ghost snake” is part of cat-eyed snakes, which are often found among snakes that are active at night. Many of the cat-eyed snakes are found in developed areas or degraded (退化的) forests; however, the researchers found the “ghost snake” on the national park’s rocks. The researchers were surprised to find the “ghost snake’s” next closest relative is a snake called “Madagascarophis fuchsi”. Ruane and her workmates discovered the “ghost snake” after hiking for more than 17 miles in the rain from their field place to the Ankarana National Park. Snakes are hard to find in good environments. So these researchers did their fieldwork during the rainy season in Madagascar when snakes and their prey (猎物) were often seen. After discovering this new kind of snake, the researchers returned to the U.S. to do the genetic study. Ruane got DNA from the “ghost snake” and “Madagascarophis fuchsi”. She compared it to decide how similar the new kind was to others. And Ruane and her workmates mapped the genetic family tree. All of the research they did supported this is a new kind of snake. 1．What is part of the reason that the snake is named the “ghost snake”? A．It has eyes that look like a cat’s. B．It’s always active at night. C．It’s very good at learning. D．It has a pale grey color. 2．Why did the researchers work in the wild during the rainy season? A．Because it was the best season in Madagascar. B．Because few snakes hurt people in this season. C．Because snakes and their prey were active then. D．Because they could find other animals at the same time. 3．What was the researchers’ purpose of the genetic study in the last paragraph? A．To map the genetic family tree of animals. B．To write a scientific report on snakes. C．To find more information about this snake’s habit. D．To make sure that the “ghost snake” is a new kind. 4．What does the word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．the ghost snake B．DNA C．the genetic family tree D．the genetic study 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．The work of snake researchers B．The new kind of snake—Madagascarophis lolo C．The genetic family tree map of snakes D．The powerful study around the world On April 3, 2025, more than 2,300 students and teachers from Guyuan City in Ningxia started their yearly 54-kilometer walk. They did this to remember the soldiers who died in 1949 to free the region. This year is the 30th year of the “walking ideological and political education class” (行走的思政课). It started in 1995 and has inspired over 30,000 students. The trip starts before the sun comes up. The people taking part carry white flowers they made by hand and sing patriotic (爱国的) songs like Ode to the Motherland (《歌唱祖国》). They walk on muddy mountain paths to Renshanhe Martyrs’ Cemetery (烈士陵园). There, 391 soldiers are buried. Many of them were only 18 to 25 years old, like teenagers. The walk is hard. People often face rain, snow, and they get very tired. In 2021, a snowstorm made the trip take 14 hours, but everyone kept going. This activity mixes history with learning by doing. Students look at battle maps in geography class. They write poems for the martyrs and act out historical stories in English lessons. At the cemetery, they clean the tombstones and read the names of the dead soldiers. One student said, “Touching the cold stones made me know what sacrifice really means.” Over the years, this walk has become a model for education across the country. Schools in China now organize trips like this. The live broadcasts in 2024-2025 got more than 100 million people to watch. New technologies, like “AI facial reconstructions of martyrs”, let students “talk” to historical figures. This makes the experience even better. Many former students, like spacecraft designer Yan Qi, say the walk taught them to be strong and work as a team. Teachers say it helps students understand the cost of peace better than books can. This 30-year-old tradition shows that education is not just about books. It’s about feeling history with your feet and your heart. As one teacher said, “When students walk this path, they carry on memory and responsibility.” 1．When did the “walking ideological and political education class” start? A．In 1949. B．In 1995. C．In 2021. D．In 2025. 2．What is TRUE about the Renshanhe Martyrs’ Cemetery? A．The cemetery is located in a big city. B．No one has visited the cemetery before 1995. C．391 soldiers over 30 years old are buried there. D．Students clean tombstones and read soldiers’ names there. 3．Why does the article mention “AI facial reconstructions of martyrs”? A．To show that technology is more important than walking. B．To explain how schools use new tools to make history more lively. C．To prove that all schools must use AI in education. D．To describe a new game students play during the walk. 4．What can we infer about the “walking ideological and political education class” from the passage? A．It is only held in Guyuan City every year. B．It has had a great influence on many students. C．It is always held in good weather conditions. D．It only focuses on teaching students history knowledge. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe a challenging physical activity. B．To highlight the importance of textbooks. C．To introduce an innovative educational model. D．To criticize traditional teaching methods. For foreign students who want to learn in China, before deciding to study Chinese in China locally, it’s good to carefully understand what to expect from the culture shock that comes with it. One clear difference between Chinese culture and Western culture lies in communication styles. While Western culture often pays attention to clear words, Chinese communication is more indirect and subtle. For example, in the West, it’s common to express one’s opinion openly and directly, while in China, it’s more likely for people to use suggestions to pass their thoughts, out of respect and to keep the understanding in relationships. Western culture is known for its focus on individualism (个人主义), where personal achievements and independence are highly valued. For example, moving out of one’s parents’ home soon after being 18 years old is common in the West. Instead, Chinese culture is more collectivistic (集体主义的), prioritizing the happiness of the family or group over individual needs. This could be seen in the strong ties between family members and the importance of teamwork. Understanding and thinking about special sides of Chinese culture are important for improving strong cross-cultural relationships and cooperation (合作). Recognizing (认识到) the value of learning from other cultures can lead to a richer community among different cultures. By welcoming the differences between Chinese culture and Western culture, we can improve mutual (相互的) respect, bridge cultural differences, and create a more united world. 1．What is the clear difference between Chinese culture and Western culture mentioned in the text? A．The methods of learning. B．The styles of acting. C．The kinds of drawing. D．The ways of communication. 2．What does the underlined word “subtle” in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese? A．直接的 B．微妙的 C．小声的 D．清晰的 3．What can we know from the text? A．Chinese usually speak out their ideas directly. B．In Chinese culture, self-interest is above everything. C．The happiness of a group is more enjoyable in Chinese culture. D．Westerners think working together is more important. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce the ancient Chinese culture. B．To encourage people from different cultures to talk with understanding. C．To teach foreign students how to learn Chinese. D．To show the differences between Chinese and Western cultures. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (P= Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $