专题12 主谓一致（江苏专用）（知识图解+习题练习）-2026年中考英语总复习（江苏专用）

专题12 主谓一致 (江苏专用) 【知识图解】 主谓一致 指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上要保持一致，主要遵循三个原则 一、语法一致；二、意义一致；三、就近/就远一致。 一、语法一致 （主语和谓语从语法形式上保持一致） 1. 由单个动名词 v-ing、不定式 to do 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Drinking milk is good for your health. / To work out the problem is difficult. 2. and/ both...and...连接的是并列主语时两个或两个以上的人或事物时，谓语动词用复数；若并列主语表示同一人或事物（and 后面的主语无冠词），谓语动词用单数 Tom and Jerry are good friends. / The writer and teacher is Ms. Green. （and 后无冠词） 3. 复合不定代词（如 someone、everything）作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Everyone is here. 4. 有些只有复数形式的名词（如 trousers、glasses）单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数； 但当这些词前有 pair/ piece/ bottle 等表示度量的词修饰时，由这些表示度量的词决定单复数 The trousers are comfortable./ This pair of trousers is comfortable. 5. [a number of + 可数名词复数]作主语，谓语动词用复数（表示许多，中心词是可数名词复数） [the number of + 可数名词复数]作主语，谓语动词用单数（表示……的数量，中心词是 number） A number of trees are planted. / The number of students in our class is 50. 二、意义一致 （谓语动词的变化以主语所表达的单复数概念而定） 1. 有些集体名词作主语，谓语动词取决于集体名词的意义，如 family, class, public 等 ①若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数 My family is a small one with three people. ②若表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数 My family are having supper. 2. 有些集体名词，如 people、cattle、police 等作主语时，谓语动词只用复数形式 The police are looking for him. 3. 以-ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student. 4. 以-s 结尾的表示海峡、山脉、群岛等的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数 The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China. 5. 分数、百分数作主语时，根据被指代的词的单复数决定谓语动词的形式 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. / 60％ of the students in our class are boys. 6. 两数相加或相乘的算式作主语，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；两数相减或相除，谓语用单数 Five and six make/ makes eleven. / Ten divided by five is two. 就近一致 （谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语决定） 1. there be 句型 There is a book and some books on the desk. There are some books and a pen on the desk. 2. neither...nor...既不……也不…… Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. 3. either...or...要么……要么…… Either you or I am going to attend the meeting tomorrow. 4. not only...but also...不仅……而且…… Not only Jerry but also his friends are happy about the news. 5. whether...or...是……还是…… Whether he or you are wrong is still a question. 就远一致 （谓语动词的单复数由离它最远的主语决定） 1. 四个和（with/ together with/along with/ as well as） The teacher, with his students, has seen the film. 2. 五个除（but/ besides/ except/ in addition to/ apart from） Nobody, but two students, is in the classroom. 3. 一个不是（rather than） Tom, rather than Jerry and David, is to blame. 4. 一个包括（including） All his children, including Amy, are playing chess. 【助记】不分主次就选近 陪伴跟随就选远 【中考典例】 1．There ________ different opinions on smart technology. What do you think about it? A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对智能技术有不同的看法。你觉得怎么样？ 考查there be结构。此处是there be结构，表示“有”，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选B。 2． There _______ more than thirty selective courses in our school. Which one would you like to choose? A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校有三十多门选修课。你想选哪一个？ 考查there be句型。there be句型中be的单复数由后面的主语的单复数决定，而主语thirty selective courses是复数，be动词用are，故选B。 3．There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：江苏有许多现代化的高速铁路，它们帮助人们方便地出行。 考查there be。句子主语railways是复数，be动词用复数形式，排除AC。根据后句可知，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。 4．— There ________ a lot of new magazines in our school reading room. — Oh, really? Shall we go there this afternoon? A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们学校阅览室里有很多新杂志。——哦，真的吗？我们今天下午去那里好吗？ 考查There be句型。There be，意为“有”。本句表示客观事实，应为一般现在时，主语a lot of new magazines是复数，故用be动词are。故选C。 5．Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends. A．am B．is C．are D．be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Sandy和Millie都对烹饪感兴趣。他们经常在周末学习做饭。 考查主谓一致。both…and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，be interested in doing sth“对做某事感兴趣”，此空应填be的复数形式are，故选C。 6．—Mum, I'm hungry. —There____some biscuits on the table. Enjoy them, please. A．is B．are C．has D．have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我饿了。——桌子上有一些饼干，请吃吧。 考查there be句型。There be句型表示“有”，所以不能再用have/has；根据其后some biscuits是名词复数可知，be动词要用are。故选B。 7．This pair of trousers ________ smooth because they are made of Chinese silk. A．feels B．feel C．is felt D．are felt 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这条裤子摸起来很顺滑因为这是中国丝绸做的。 考查系动词和主谓一致的用法。A：一般现在时的动词三单；B：一般现在时；C：一般现在时的被动语态，主语表单数；D：一般现在时的被动语态，主语表复数。分析句子可知，本句主语前有this pair of修饰，谓语动词的选择取决于pair，表单数，又因为feel是系动词，没有被动语态。故选A。 8．—My mother said you went on a Silk Road trip last year. —Yes, it a wonderful trip. A．is B．was C．will be D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我妈妈说你去年去丝绸之路旅行了。——是的，那是一次美妙的旅行。 考查动词的时态。is一般现在时；was一般过去时，be动词的单数形式，用于第一、第三人称的单数形式；will be一般将来时；were一般过去时，be动词的复数形式，用于第二人称和第一、第三人称的复数形式。根据句意和问句中的last year可知，去年的丝绸之路旅行是美妙的，所以这里用一般过去时，排除选项A和C；答句的主语it是第三人称单数，所以这里用was，故选B。 9．___________ famous Chinese songs, such as The Love Song of Kangding and Jasmine Flowers, were sung during the concert. A．A number of B．The number of C．A great deal D．A great deal of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：音乐会期间唱了许多著名的中国歌曲，如《康定情歌》和《茉莉花》。 考查形容词短语。A number of一些，后接可数名词或不可数名词；The number of ……的数量，动词用三单形式；A great deal大量，后不接名词；A great deal of大量的，后接不可数名词。根据后面的were可知，此处不是表达“……的数量”，故排除B；根据句意及后面的such as The Love Song of Kangding and Jasmine Flowers可知，空处是表达“大量的”；根据空后的songs可知，空处应该用修饰可数名词的a number of。故选A。 10．There_____a coffee shop at the corner of the street． The coffee there tastes nice． A．is B．are C．has D．have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：街角有一家咖啡店，那里的咖啡味道很好。本题考查There be句型，先排除C和D，主语是a coffee shop 是单数形式，故be动词要用is。故选A。 【主谓一致综合练】 11．—Why does Sam have so few friends at school? —Because he is ______ polite ______ helpful. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 【答案】C 【详解】句意： ——为什么萨姆在学校朋友这么少？——因为他既不礼貌也不乐于助人。   考查连词辨析。both...and两者都；either...or或者……或者；neither...nor既不……也不；not only...but also不仅……而且。根据问句“Why does Sam have so few friends at school?”可知，原因应是他身上同时具备不礼貌和不乐于助人这两个负面特质，“neither...nor...”用于连接两个并列的否定成分，解释了他人缘差的原因。故选C。 12．_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Not only Tim but also the twins B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Bill as well as his friends D．Either Anita or Jack 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅Tim而且那对双胞胎在他们的空闲时间都着迷听流行音乐。 考查主谓一致。Not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“twins”表示复数，be动词用are；Neither...nor意为“两者都不”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“Tom”是单数，be动词用is；as well as意为“也”，be动词遵循“就远原则”，“Bill”是单数，be动词用is；Either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“Jack”是单数，be动词用is。故选A。 13．—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Tom和他的朋友们都对机器人很感兴趣。——他们经常在一起制作机器人模型。 考查主谓一致。is用于主语为第三人称单数；are用于主语为复数；was为is和am的过去式；were为are的过去式。根据语境可知，谈论的是一般的状况，句子用一般现在时；主语后有 as well as 连接的其他名词时，谓语动词的数由第一个主语决定；句子主语是Tom，第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选A。 14．—When are you going to visit Suqian SanTai Mountain Park? —I haven’t decided. ________ this Sunday ________ next Sunday is OK. I am free these two days. A．Not; but B．Neither; nor C．Either, or D．Both; and 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你打算什么时候去参观宿迁三台山公园？——我还没决定。要么这个星期天要么下个星期天都可以。这两天我有空。   考查连词短语辨析。Not... but...不是……而是……；Neither... nor...既不……也不……，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，表示否定意义；Either... or...表示“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，表示选择关系；Both... and...表示“……和……都”，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示肯定意义。  根据“I haven’t decided.”以及“I am free these two days.”可知，说话人还没决定具体时间，这个星期天或者下个星期天都行，是在这两天中选择一天，所以用“Either... or...”符合语境r。故选C。 15．—How many students are there in your school? —________ the students in our school ________ over 1,500. A．The number of; is B．The number of; are C．A number of; is D．A number of; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你们学校有多少学生？——我们学校的学生人数超过1500人。 考查主谓一致。the number of……的数目；a number of许多。根据“...the students in our school ... over 1,500.”可知，此处强调学生数目，用the number of，排除CD；此处强调总数，be动词用is。故选A。 16．Neither Jim nor Tom ________ France before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过法国，但他们对这个国家非常了解。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。has gone to去了某地，主语为第三人称单数；has been to去过某地，主语是第三人称单数；have gone to去了某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数；have been to去过某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数。根据“Neither Jim nor Tom ... France before”可知，吉姆和汤姆以前没去过法国，表示“去过某地”应用have/has been to；“neither... nor...”连接两个主语时，遵循“就近原则”，Tom是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故选B。 17．The journey was so tiring that Daniel thought it was worth ________ time ________ the money. A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or D．not only; but also 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这次旅行太累人了，丹尼尔觉得不值得花时间和金钱。 考查连词辨析。both...and两者都；neither...nor既不……也不；either...or或者……或者；not only...but also不但……而且。根据“The journey was so tiring”可知旅行太累人了，所以他认为不值得花时间和金钱，用neither...nor连接。故选B。 18．—I called you but you didn’t answer me. —Oh, sorry. I, together with friends, ________ the film Formed Police Unit at the cinema. A．has watched B．have watched C．was watching D．were watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我给你打电话了，但你没接。——哦，抱歉。我当时正和朋友在电影院看《维和防暴队》。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“I called you but you didn’t answer me.”可知，指的是那时候正在看电影，所以应用过去进行时，此句主语是together with前的I，be动词用was。故选C。 19．Neither Millie nor Shirley ________ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Millie和Shirley以前都没有去过澳大利亚，但是她们对那个国家非常了解。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。have gone to去了某地（还没回来）；have been to去过某地（回来了）。根据句意可知，这里表示“去过某地”，Neither…nor连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式应根据就近原则，与Shirley一致，用单数。故选B。 20．—Mum, I am hungry. —There ________ some bread and two eggs on the table. A．are B．is C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我饿了。 ——桌上有一些面包和两个鸡蛋。 考查主谓一致。该句为“there be”句型，遵循“就近原则”，空后主语“bread”为不可数名词，be动词应用is。故选B。 21．The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 【答案】B 【详解】句意：近年来，一些欧洲国家的人口正在减少。许多年轻人正在搬到大城市。 考查主谓一致。The population作主语，谓语动词用单数，根据“Many young people are moving to big cities.”可知，是人口变少了，用small的比较级smaller。故选B。 22．There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there? A．is B．is going to have C．is going to be D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今晚有场电影，是吗？ 考查there be句型与反意疑问句。there后跟be动词，排除选项B。根据“There...a film tonight”可知，句子时态为一般将来时；根据“isn’t there”可知，结构应是be going to。故选C。 23．The ground is wet. There _________. A．maybe rain B．maybe rainy C．may be rainy D．may be rain 【答案】D 【详解】句意：地面湿了。可能是下雨了。   考查情态动词may的用法及There be句型。maybe是副词，需修饰整个句子，不能直接与名词rain或形容词rainy连用，所以排除选项A和B；“There may be+名词”表示“可能有某物”，所以空处应选may be rain。故选D。 24．With the help of AI, students ________ need to check heavy textbooks ________ spend hours searching for information. They can learn certain skills in a fast and convenient way. A．both; and B．either; or C．not only; but also D．neither; nor 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在人工智能的帮助下，学生们既不需要查阅厚重的教科书也不需要花费数小时搜索信息。他们可以以快速和方便的方式学习某些技能。 考查连词辨析。both…and……和……都，表示两者；either…or…要么……要么……；not only…but also…不仅……而且……；neither…nor…既不……也不……。根据“They can learn certain skills in a fast and convenient way.”可知，有了人工智能的帮助，学生既不需要查阅教科书也不需要搜索信息。此处表示否定意义，用neither…nor…。故选D。 25．Autumn in Lianyungang is ________ too cold ________ too hot. It’s a great time for picnics. A．not only...but also B．neither...nor C．either...or D．both…and 【答案】B 【详解】句意：连云港的秋天既不太冷也不太热。这是野餐的好时候。 考查并列连词辨析。not only... but also不但……而且……；neither... nor既不……也不……；either... or或者……或者……；both… and……和……都。根据“It’s a great time for picnics.”可知，连云港的秋天既不太冷也不太热，所以是野餐的好时候，此处应该用neither... nor。故选B。 26．—Will your class trip be held as planned? —I’m afraid not. ________ the students ________ our teacher is against the plan because of the extremely hot weather. A．Not only; but also B．Both; and C．Neither; nor D．Either; or 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你们班级的旅行会按计划举行吗？——恐怕不会。由于天气极其炎热，不仅学生们，而且我们的老师也反对这个计划。 考查连词辨析。Not only…but also…不但……而且……；Both...and两者都；Neither...nor…既不……也不……；Either...or…要么……要么……。根据“…the students…our teacher is against the plan”可知，此句表达的是学生和老师“都”反对；且使用了单数动词“is”，所以连接词必须能引导一个遵循“就近原则” 的结构，即谓语动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定。只有A选项符合。故选A。 27．Not only my friends but also I________ interested in swimming and Pan Zhanle is our favorite star. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我和我的朋友都对游泳感兴趣，潘展乐是我们最喜欢的明星。 考查主谓一致。be是，动词原形；am‌是，用于主语‌是I；is‌是，用于主语是he/she/it，或单数名词；are‌是，用于主语是you/we/they，或复数名词。由not only...but also连接的两个并列主语，be动词要与离它最近的主语保持一致，离be动词最近的主语是I，be动词用am。故选B。 28．— Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? — Either ________ OK. But I prefer coffee ________ milk. A．are; with B．is; with C．are; to D．is; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你喜欢茶还是咖啡？——都可以。但是我更喜欢加牛奶的咖啡。 考查主谓一致和介词辨析。with带有；to比。“Either”表示“两者中任何一个”，在句子中作主语时，视为单数，因此动词需用单数形式is。根据“I prefer coffee ... milk.”可知，这里表达“更喜欢加牛奶的咖啡”，需用介词with。故选B。 29．—Would you please tell me something about the film Nobody? —Of course. It’s an interesting film based on Journey to the West. ________ I ________ my brother likes watching it very much. A．both; and B．Neither; nor C．Either; or D．Not only; but also 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能给我讲讲《无名之辈》这部电影吗？——当然可以。这是一部基于《西游记》的有趣电影。不仅我，我哥哥也非常喜欢看它。 考查连词短语辨析。both…and……和……都；Neither…nor既不……也不……；Either…or要么……要么……；Not only…but also不仅……而且……。根据“It’s an interesting film based on Journey to the West.”以及“likes”（谓语动词用了第三人称单数形式，遵循“就近原则”）可知，此处是说我和哥哥都很喜欢看，“Not only...but also...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，符合语境，故选D。 30．—Would you please tell me something about the film Nobody (《浪浪山小妖怪》)? —Of course. It’s an interesting film based on Journey to the West. Not only I but also my twin brother ________ watching it very much. A．like B．likes C．liking D．liked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能给我讲讲《浪浪山小妖怪》这部电影吗？——当然可以。它是一部基于《西游记》改编的有趣电影。不仅我，我双胞胎弟弟也非常喜欢看它。 考查主谓一致和动词时态。like动词原形；likes动词第三人称单数形式；liking现在分词；liked动词过去式。根据“It’s...Not only I but also my twin brother...watching it very much.”语境可知，用一般现在时；“Not only...but also...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，“my twin brother”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用likes，故选B。 31．—What do you think of the two pairs of jeans? —They don’t fit me well. They are ________ too long ________ too short. A．not only; but also B．both; and C．neither; nor D．either; or 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你觉得这两条牛仔裤怎么样？——它们不太适合我。它们要么太长，要么太短。 考查连词短语辨析。not only...but also不但……而且……；both...and两者都；neither...nor既不……也不……；either...or要么……要么……。根据“They don’t fit me well.”可知，这两条牛仔裤都不适合，它们要么太长，要么太短，either...or符合语境。故选D。 32．—Will your class trip be held as planned? —I’m afraid not. ________ the students ________ our teacher is against the plan because of the extremely hot weather. A．Not only, but also B．Both, and C．Neither, nor D．Either, or 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你们班级的旅行会按计划举行吗？——恐怕不会。由于天气极其炎热，不仅学生们，而且我们的老师也反对这个计划。   考查连词辨析。Not only…but also…不但……而且……；Both...and两者都；Neither...nor…既不……也不……；Either...or…要么……要么……。根据“…the students…our teacher is against the plan”可知，此句表达的是学生和老师“都”反对；且使用了单数动词“is”，所以连接词必须能引导一个遵循“就近原则” 的结构，即谓语动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定。只有A选项符合。故选A。 33．My parents want me to get further study to be ________ an engineer ________ a scientist, ________ I would like to be a famous doctor. A．neither; nor; and B．either; or; but C．not only; but also; so D．both; and; or 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父母希望我进一步深造，成为一名工程师或者一名科学家，但我想成为一名著名的医生。   考查连词辨析。neither...nor...既不……也不……；either...or...要么……要么……；not only...but also...不但……而且……；both...and...两者都；and并且；but但是；so所以；or或者。结合语境可知，父母希望“我”在工程师和科学家两个职业中选择其一，用“either...or...”合适；而“我”的想法和父母的期望相反，是转折关系，要用“but”连接。故选B。 34．The glasses in this shop ______ often expensive, but this pair of glasses ________ cheap. A．are; are B．are; is C．is; is D．is; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这家商店的眼镜通常都很贵，但这副眼镜很便宜。 考查主谓一致。本句是由but连接的两个句子构成。前一句中主语glasses意为“眼镜”，以复数形式呈现，指这家商店的多数眼镜，本句采用一般现在时，be动词要用are。后一句主语pair为单数，指这副眼镜，be动词要用is。故选B。 35．—Why can’t I say what I want to say? —Please be patient. Only one of the students ________ to speak at a time. A．allows B．allowed C．is allowed D．are allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么我不能说我想说的话？——请耐心点。一次只允许一个学生发言。 考查被动语态和主谓一致。本句时态为一般现在时，one of the students是动作allow的承受者，要用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。主语是“one of the students”，谓语动词应用三单。故选C。 36．About ________ of people enjoy the TV play. And 70 percent of the music in it ________ very original (原创的). A．three fifths; is B．three fifths; are C．three fifth; is D．three fifth; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：大约五分之三的人喜欢这部电视剧。其中70%的音乐都是原创的。 考查数词和主谓一致。three fifths五分之三；分子大于一时，用复数形式；故排除CD两项。is是，是第三人称单数形式；are是，是复数形式；分数或百分数修饰名词，作主语，谓语根据所修饰的名词判断，此处music是不可数名词，因此谓语用第三人称单数。故选A。 37．There ________ few tall buildings in Changchun when my grandparents were young. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我祖父母年轻的时候，长春几乎没有高楼大厦。 考查时态及主谓一致。is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式；was是，be的第一和第三人称单数过去式；were是，be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式。根据“when my grandparents were young”可知，此处指过去的事情，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为“buildings”，用were。故选D。 38．There _______ a song and dance show in Huai’an Xiyou World of Adventure at night. Why not ________ your classmates to see it? A．is going to be; invite B．is going to have; invite C．is going to be; to invite D．is going to have; to invite 【答案】A 【详解】句意：晚上在淮安西游冒险世界将有一场歌舞表演。为什么不邀请你的同学去看呢？ 考查there be句型的一般将来时和非谓语动词。第一空，根据空前“There”可知，此处考查there be句型，其一般将来时结构为there is going to be，排除B和D；第二空，“Why not +动词原形”是固定句型，意为“为什么不……呢？”，用于提出建议，所以这里应用动词原形，排除C。故选A。 39．Hanging the couplets ________ one of the traditional customs during the Chinese New Year. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：挂春联是中国新年期间的传统习俗之一。    考查主谓一致。be是动词原形；am用于第一人称单数；is用于第三人称单数或不可数名词；are用于第二人称或复数主语。根据“Hanging the couplets”可知，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故选C。     40．Tom, together with his parents, ________ going to visit the zoo this weekend. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆这个周末打算和他的父母一起去动物园。 考查主谓一致。“together with”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与前面的主语保持一致，Tom是第三人称单数，且根据“this weekend”可知，时态是一般将来时，应用“be going to”结构，be动词用is。故选A。 41．After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ________ afraid of giving a speech in public now. A．am B．is C．are D．be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经过多次练习后，现在苏珊和我都不会害怕在公众场合演讲了。 考查主谓一致。am是，用于主语为第一人称单数I时；is是，用于主语为第三人称单数时；are是，用于主语为复数或第二人称you时；be是动词原形。本句的主语是“neither Susan nor I”，根据“neither...nor...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与离谓语动词最近的主语保持一致，在本句中离谓语动词最近的主语是“I”，所以谓语动词应用am。故选A。 42．—My best friend ______ to study abroad already. I think I will miss her. —Don’t worry. You can communicate with her online. A．decided B．decides C．have decided D．has decided 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我最好的朋友已经决定出国留学了。我想我会想念她的。——别担心。你可以在网上和她交流。 考查时态。根据“already”可知时态为现在完成时，其构成为主语+have/has+done；结合主语为“friend”为第三人称单数，用has decided符合。故选D。 43．—Please send me your homework, either by e-mail ________ by Wechat. —No problem. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——请把你的作业发给我，可以通过电子邮件或者微信。——没问题。 考查连词辨析。and和，表示并列或递进；but但是，表示转折；so所以，表示结果；or或者，表示选择。根据“either by e-mail...by Wechat”可知，此处强调二选一的关系，要么通过邮件发送作业，要么通过微信。either…or…“或者……或者……”，固定短语。故选C。 44．There ________ some milk and apples in the fridge. They are good for your health. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：冰箱里有一些牛奶和苹果。它们对你的健康有好处。 考查主谓一致。is是，主语为第三人称单数或不可数名词；are是，主语为第二人称或复数；was是，is的过去式；were是，are的过去式。根据“There...some milk and apples in the fridge.”可知，句子为there be句型，需满足就近原则，milk为不可数名词，结合“They are good for your health.”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，因此be动词应用is。故选A。 45．—What will you do with the waste paper? —The waste paper as well as the used books ________ to the recycling company. A．is going to send B．are going to send C．is going to be sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这些废纸你打算怎么处理？——废纸以及用过的书将被送到回收公司。 考查主谓一致和被动语态。主语是“The waste paper as well as the used books”，as well as连接的主语以第一个名词“waste paper”为主，谓语用单数形式，故排除B；paper和books都是send这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态，需用被动语态“be sent”。故选C。 46．You will succeed if you ________ give up easily, even when things ________ difficult. A．don’t; seem B．doesn’t; feel C．didn’t; are D．won’t; sound 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你不轻易放弃，即使事情看起来很困难，你也会成功的。 考查时态和动词辨析。seem似乎，看来；feel感觉；are是；sound听起来。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，从句主语是you，助动词用don’t；结合“when things...difficult”可知，此处是事情似乎很困难，应用动词seem。故选A。 47．Their class teacher was really angry ________ the students who ________ always late for school. A．with; was B．with; were C．at; was D．at; were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们的班主任对总是迟到的学生真的很生气。 考查介词搭配和主谓一致。“be angry with sb.”表示“对某人生气”，固定短语；定语从句中，关系代词who指代先行词the students，为复数，且主句时态为一般过去时，因此从句中be动词应用were。故选B。 48．Not only Monica but also her classmates ________ reading sci-fi novels. A．enjoys B．is enjoying C．enjoy D．are enjoying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不仅莫妮卡，而且她的同学们也喜欢读科幻小说。 考查主谓一致和就近原则。在not only...but also...结构中，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与but also后的主语her classmates（复数）一致，句子强调习惯性动作，一般现在时更贴切，谓语动词用原形。故选C。 49．The inspiring film tells a touching story of a young girl who ________ against all seemingly insurmountable difficulties to pursue her lifelong dream of becoming a professional pianist. A．fights B．fought C．is fighting D．has fought 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部鼓舞人心的电影讲述了一个年轻女孩的感人故事，她克服了所有看似无法逾越的困难，去追寻成为职业钢琴家的毕生梦想。 考查动词时态。根据“film tells a touching story of...”可知，主句是一般现在时，且此处是影片剧情概述，从句也用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 50．________ Amy ________ Eric is listening to the report carefully, because they are both interested in it very much. A．Neither; nor B．Either; or C．Not only; but also D．Both; and 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不仅艾米而且埃里克都在认真地听报告，因为他们两个都对它非常感兴趣。 考查连词短语辨析。Neither...nor...既不……也不……；Either...or...要么……要么……；Not only...but also...不仅……而且……；Both...and...……和……都。根据“because they are both interested in it very much”可知，他们对报告都感兴趣，所以此处表示“不仅艾米而且埃里克都在认真听报告”，用Not only...but also...连接两个并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，此处be动词用is符合。故选C。 51．There _________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A．is going to have B．are C．is going to be D．will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：明天下午将有一个会议。 考查 there be 句型的将来时。表示“将有……”应使用 there be 句型的将来时形式：there is going to be 或 there will be。选项A “is going to have” 和选项D “will have” 均错误地使用了 have，不符合 there be 句型结构；选项B “are” 为一般现在时，与时间状语“tomorrow afternoon”不符。故选C。 52．The teacher together with most of her students ________ to school every day. A．are walking B．walk C．walks D．walked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老师和她的大多数学生每天步行去学校。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据“every day”可知，该句时态为一般现在时，当“together with”连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致，前面的主语是“The teacher”，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选C。 53．________ my father nor my mother likes spicy food. They both prefer sweet dishes. A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．Not only 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我爸爸和妈妈都不喜欢吃辣的食物。他们俩都喜欢甜食。 考查连词辨析。Either（两者中的）任何一个；Both两者都；Neither两者都不；Not only不仅。根据“my father nor my mother likes spicy food.”可知，此处是neither...nor...“两者都不”，表示父母都不喜欢吃辣的食物。故选C。 54．—Jim, do your parents like country music? —Yes. ________ my dad ________my mom likes it very much. A．Either; or B．Both; and C．Neither; nor D．Not only; but also 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Jim，你父母喜欢乡村音乐吗？——是的。不仅我爸爸而且我妈妈也非常喜欢它。 考查连词短语辨析。Either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，表示两者中选择一个；Both...and...意为“……和……都”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，表示两者都不；Not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与靠近的主语保持一致。根据“Yes.”可知，此处表示父母两人都喜欢乡村音乐，且“likes”为第三人称单数形式，说明此处遵循了“就近原则”，所以应该用Not only...but also...。故选D。 55．This pair of shoes ________ suit me. Could you give me another ________. A．doesn’t; one B．doesn’t; pair C．don’t; one D．don’t; pair 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这双鞋不适合我。您能再给我拿一双吗？ 考查主谓一致和不定代词。根据“This pair of shoes...”可知，主语中心词“This pair”为单数，故谓语动词用单三形式doesn’t suit，故排除选项C和D；one是不定代词，通常为了避免重复，用于指代前文中的同一类事物，即第二空避免重复使用“pair”，用one指代另一双鞋，排除选项B。故选A。 56．In recent years, there _________ an increase in the number of traffic accidents. A．have been B．has been C．had been D．is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：近年来，交通事故的数量有所增加。 考查时态和主谓一致。根据“In recent years”可知此处用现在完成时，主语“an increase”是单数，助动词用has。故选B。 57．About 70% of the Earth’s surface ________ covered by water, but only a small part of it ________ drinkable. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：地球表面约70%被水覆盖，但只有一小部分是可饮用的。 考查主谓一致。百分数修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定，surface是名词单数，第一个空用is；第二个分句的it代指water，“a small part of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，第二个空也用is。故选A。 58．________ my mom nor I ________interested in watching documentaries. A．Neither; is B．Either; is C．Neither; am D．Either; am 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈和我都对看纪录片不感兴趣。 考查neither...nor...的用法以及主谓一致。neither...nor...既不……也不……，表示两者都不；either...or...要么……要么……，表示两者中的一个。根据“...my mom nor I...”可知，此处指两者都不感兴趣，应用neither...nor...连接；neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与离它最近的主语在单复数上保持一致，此处离谓语动词最近的主语是I，则be动词用am。故选C。 59．There ________ a football match this weekend. Would you like to go with me? A．is B．are C．will be D．will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个周末将有一场足球赛。你想和我一起去吗？ 考查there be句型。is用于一般现在时，主语为单数；are用于一般现在时，主语为复数；will be为there be句型的将来时形式；will have将有，但其主语通常为人或物，不能用于there be句型。根据时间状语“this weekend”可知，本句描述将来发生的事情，且为there be句型，故应用will be。故选C。 60．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the China’s Got Talent in 2022. A．were invited B．have been invited C．was invited D．has been invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位著名的魔术师和他的助手们被邀请在2022年的《中国达人秀》上表演。 考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。根据“in 2022”可知，时态是一般过去时；主语和动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以空处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were+过去分词；句中的“as well as”用于连接并列主语，谓语动词的数要与第一个主语“The famous magician”保持一致，“The famous magician”表示单数，所以此处应用be动词was。故选C。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 主谓一致 (江苏专用) 【知识图解】 主谓一致 指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上要保持一致，主要遵循三个原则 一、语法一致；二、意义一致；三、就近/就远一致。 一、语法一致 （主语和谓语从语法形式上保持一致） 1. 由单个动名词 v-ing、不定式 to do 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Drinking milk is good for your health. / To work out the problem is difficult. 2. and/ both...and...连接的是并列主语时两个或两个以上的人或事物时，谓语动词用复数；若并列主语表示同一人或事物（and 后面的主语无冠词），谓语动词用单数 Tom and Jerry are good friends. / The writer and teacher is Ms. Green. （and 后无冠词） 3. 复合不定代词（如 someone、everything）作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Everyone is here. 4. 有些只有复数形式的名词（如 trousers、glasses）单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数； 但当这些词前有 pair/ piece/ bottle 等表示度量的词修饰时，由这些表示度量的词决定单复数 The trousers are comfortable./ This pair of trousers is comfortable. 5. [a number of + 可数名词复数]作主语，谓语动词用复数（表示许多，中心词是可数名词复数） [the number of + 可数名词复数]作主语，谓语动词用单数（表示……的数量，中心词是 number） A number of trees are planted. / The number of students in our class is 50. 二、意义一致 （谓语动词的变化以主语所表达的单复数概念而定） 1. 有些集体名词作主语，谓语动词取决于集体名词的意义，如 family, class, public 等 ①若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数 My family is a small one with three people. ②若表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数 My family are having supper. 2. 有些集体名词，如 people、cattle、police 等作主语时，谓语动词只用复数形式 The police are looking for him. 3. 以-ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student. 4. 以-s 结尾的表示海峡、山脉、群岛等的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数 The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China. 5. 分数、百分数作主语时，根据被指代的词的单复数决定谓语动词的形式 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. / 60％ of the students in our class are boys. 6. 两数相加或相乘的算式作主语，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；两数相减或相除，谓语用单数 Five and six make/ makes eleven. / Ten divided by five is two. 就近一致 （谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语决定） 1. there be 句型 There is a book and some books on the desk. There are some books and a pen on the desk. 2. neither...nor...既不……也不…… Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. 3. either...or...要么……要么…… Either you or I am going to attend the meeting tomorrow. 4. not only...but also...不仅……而且…… Not only Jerry but also his friends are happy about the news. 5. whether...or...是……还是…… Whether he or you are wrong is still a question. 就远一致 （谓语动词的单复数由离它最远的主语决定） 1. 四个和（with/ together with/along with/ as well as） The teacher, with his students, has seen the film. 2. 五个除（but/ besides/ except/ in addition to/ apart from） Nobody, but two students, is in the classroom. 3. 一个不是（rather than） Tom, rather than Jerry and David, is to blame. 4. 一个包括（including） All his children, including Amy, are playing chess. 【助记】不分主次就选近 陪伴跟随就选远 【中考典例】 1．There ________ different opinions on smart technology. What do you think about it? A．is B．are C．have D．has 2． There _______ more than thirty selective courses in our school. Which one would you like to choose? A．is B．are C．have D．has 3．There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. A．is B．are C．was D．were 4．— There ________ a lot of new magazines in our school reading room. — Oh, really? Shall we go there this afternoon? A．is B．was C．are D．were 5．Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends. A．am B．is C．are D．be 6．—Mum, I'm hungry. —There____some biscuits on the table. Enjoy them, please. A．is B．are C．has D．have 7．This pair of trousers ________ smooth because they are made of Chinese silk. A．feels B．feel C．is felt D．are felt 8．—My mother said you went on a Silk Road trip last year. —Yes, it a wonderful trip. A．is B．was C．will be D．were 9．___________ famous Chinese songs, such as The Love Song of Kangding and Jasmine Flowers, were sung during the concert. A．A number of B．The number of C．A great deal D．A great deal of 10．There_____a coffee shop at the corner of the street． The coffee there tastes nice． A．is B．are C．has D．have 【主谓一致综合练】 11．—Why does Sam have so few friends at school? —Because he is ______ polite ______ helpful. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 12．_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Not only Tim but also the twins B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Bill as well as his friends D．Either Anita or Jack 13．—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 14．—When are you going to visit Suqian SanTai Mountain Park? —I haven’t decided. ________ this Sunday ________ next Sunday is OK. I am free these two days. A．Not; but B．Neither; nor C．Either, or D．Both; and 15．—How many students are there in your school? —________ the students in our school ________ over 1,500. A．The number of; is B．The number of; are C．A number of; is D．A number of; are 16．Neither Jim nor Tom ________ France before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 17．The journey was so tiring that Daniel thought it was worth ________ time ________ the money. A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or D．not only; but also 18．—I called you but you didn’t answer me. —Oh, sorry. I, together with friends, ________ the film Formed Police Unit at the cinema. A．has watched B．have watched C．was watching D．were watching 19．Neither Millie nor Shirley ________ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 20．—Mum, I am hungry. —There ________ some bread and two eggs on the table. A．are B．is C．have D．has 21．The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 22．There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there? A．is B．is going to have C．is going to be D．will be 23．The ground is wet. There _________. A．maybe rain B．maybe rainy C．may be rainy D．may be rain 24．With the help of AI, students ________ need to check heavy textbooks ________ spend hours searching for information. They can learn certain skills in a fast and convenient way. A．both; and B．either; or C．not only; but also D．neither; nor 25．Autumn in Lianyungang is ________ too cold ________ too hot. It’s a great time for picnics. A．not only...but also B．neither...nor C．either...or D．both…and 26．—Will your class trip be held as planned? —I’m afraid not. ________ the students ________ our teacher is against the plan because of the extremely hot weather. A．Not only; but also B．Both; and C．Neither; nor D．Either; or 27．Not only my friends but also I________ interested in swimming and Pan Zhanle is our favorite star. A．be B．am C．is D．are 28．— Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? — Either ________ OK. But I prefer coffee ________ milk. A．are; with B．is; with C．are; to D．is; to 29．—Would you please tell me something about the film Nobody? —Of course. It’s an interesting film based on Journey to the West. ________ I ________ my brother likes watching it very much. A．both; and B．Neither; nor C．Either; or D．Not only; but also 30．—Would you please tell me something about the film Nobody (《浪浪山小妖怪》)? —Of course. It’s an interesting film based on Journey to the West. Not only I but also my twin brother ________ watching it very much. A．like B．likes C．liking D．liked 31．—What do you think of the two pairs of jeans? —They don’t fit me well. They are ________ too long ________ too short. A．not only; but also B．both; and C．neither; nor D．either; or 32．—Will your class trip be held as planned? —I’m afraid not. ________ the students ________ our teacher is against the plan because of the extremely hot weather. A．Not only, but also B．Both, and C．Neither, nor D．Either, or 33．My parents want me to get further study to be ________ an engineer ________ a scientist, ________ I would like to be a famous doctor. A．neither; nor; and B．either; or; but C．not only; but also; so D．both; and; or 34．The glasses in this shop ______ often expensive, but this pair of glasses ________ cheap. A．are; are B．are; is C．is; is D．is; are 35．—Why can’t I say what I want to say? —Please be patient. Only one of the students ________ to speak at a time. A．allows B．allowed C．is allowed D．are allowed 36．About ________ of people enjoy the TV play. And 70 percent of the music in it ________ very original (原创的). A．three fifths; is B．three fifths; are C．three fifth; is D．three fifth; are 37．There ________ few tall buildings in Changchun when my grandparents were young. A．is B．are C．was D．were 38．There _______ a song and dance show in Huai’an Xiyou World of Adventure at night. Why not ________ your classmates to see it? A．is going to be; invite B．is going to have; invite C．is going to be; to invite D．is going to have; to invite 39．Hanging the couplets ________ one of the traditional customs during the Chinese New Year. A．be B．am C．is D．are 40．Tom, together with his parents, ________ going to visit the zoo this weekend. A．is B．are C．was D．were 41．After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ________ afraid of giving a speech in public now. A．am B．is C．are D．be 42．—My best friend ______ to study abroad already. I think I will miss her. —Don’t worry. You can communicate with her online. A．decided B．decides C．have decided D．has decided 43．—Please send me your homework, either by e-mail ________ by Wechat. —No problem. A．and B．but C．or D．so 44．There ________ some milk and apples in the fridge. They are good for your health. A．is B．are C．was D．were 45．—What will you do with the waste paper? —The waste paper as well as the used books ________ to the recycling company. A．is going to send B．are going to send C．is going to be sent 46．You will succeed if you ________ give up easily, even when things ________ difficult. A．don’t; seem B．doesn’t; feel C．didn’t; are D．won’t; sound 47．Their class teacher was really angry ________ the students who ________ always late for school. A．with; was B．with; were C．at; was D．at; were 48．Not only Monica but also her classmates ________ reading sci-fi novels. A．enjoys B．is enjoying C．enjoy D．are enjoying 49．The inspiring film tells a touching story of a young girl who ________ against all seemingly insurmountable difficulties to pursue her lifelong dream of becoming a professional pianist. A．fights B．fought C．is fighting D．has fought 50．________ Amy ________ Eric is listening to the report carefully, because they are both interested in it very much. A．Neither; nor B．Either; or C．Not only; but also D．Both; and 51．There _________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A．is going to have B．are C．is going to be D．will have 52．The teacher together with most of her students ________ to school every day. A．are walking B．walk C．walks D．walked 53．________ my father nor my mother likes spicy food. They both prefer sweet dishes. A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．Not only 54．—Jim, do your parents like country music? —Yes. ________ my dad ________my mom likes it very much. A．Either; or B．Both; and C．Neither; nor D．Not only; but also 55．This pair of shoes ________ suit me. Could you give me another ________. A．doesn’t; one B．doesn’t; pair C．don’t; one D．don’t; pair 56．In recent years, there _________ an increase in the number of traffic accidents. A．have been B．has been C．had been D．is 57．About 70% of the Earth’s surface ________ covered by water, but only a small part of it ________ drinkable. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 58．________ my mom nor I ________interested in watching documentaries. A．Neither; is B．Either; is C．Neither; am D．Either; am 59．There ________ a football match this weekend. Would you like to go with me? A．is B．are C．will be D．will have 60．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the China’s Got Talent in 2022. A．were invited B．have been invited C．was invited D．has been invited 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $