专题04阅读理解词义猜测题：理解上下文，精准猜测（题型专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题04阅读理解词义猜测题 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01定义/解释线索 考向02 同义/复述线索 考向03 对比/反义线索【重难】 考向04 因果/例证线索 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解的核心题型之一，重点考查学生在具体语境中推断陌生词汇或短语含义的能力。它并非简单测试词汇量，而是强调通过上下文逻辑、语法结构和语义关联进行合理推导的“动态理解”过程。题目通常选取文章中的关键实词（名词、动词、形容词等）、代词或蕴含特殊意义的短语，要求考生避免孤立理解，必须紧密联系文本。该题型直接对应语言学习中的“猜词”策略，是检验学生阅读思维灵活性与逻辑性的重要标尺，也是应对高考文本中不可避免出现的超纲词或专业术语的有效手段。 设题类型 主要分为四大类：一是生词猜测，针对完全陌生的单词，需利用上下文线索；二是熟词僻义，针对常见单词在特定语境下的非常用或专业含义，需突破思维定式；三是代词指代，要求明确“it”、“they”、“that”等代词在文中具体指代的人、物或事；四是短语/句子含义，考查对习语、隐喻或隐含意图的理解。其中，“熟词僻义”和“短语含义”是高频难点，需特别注意词汇在语境中的功能变化和文化内涵。 命题方式 题干表述具有明显特征。常见设问方式包括：1）直接询问词义，如“The underlined word ‘...’ probably means/refers to ______.”；2）询问替换项，如“Which of the following can best replace the word ‘...’?”；3）询问指代对象，如“What does the word ‘they’ in paragraph 2 refer to?”；4）询问句意，如“By saying ‘...’, the author means that ______.”。选项设计上，正确答案往往是原文信息的同义转述，干扰项则常设置为该词汇的常见含义（用于干扰“熟词僻义”）、脱离语境的字面解释或与文章主题相悖的无关信息。 解题思路 解题可遵循“定位-分析-代入-验证”四步法。首先，精确定位目标词所在句子，并拓展阅读前后相邻句（通常线索在此范围内）。其次，分析语境线索，重点寻找五大信号：定义解释（如that is）、同义复述（如similarly）、对比转折（如but）、因果例证（如for example）及生活逻辑。然后，基于线索初步推导含义，并将推断出的释义或选项代回原文，确保上下文逻辑通顺、语义连贯。最后，通过排除法确认答案，尤其警惕“望文生义”和“脱离语境”两大陷阱。核心原则是：词义生于语境，答案忠于文本。 考向01定义/解释线索 【例1-1】（2025 年上海市浦东新区一模） In a new paper, researchers describe how a male orangutan, known as Rakus, chewed the leaves of a plant used in traditional medicine and applied them to a wound on his cheek. He repeated this behavior for seven minutes and then continued feeding on the plant for 30 minutes. Over the following days, there were no signs of infection. The wound closed within five days. “What is interesting is that this behavior seems to be intentional and goal-oriented.” says study lead author Isabelle Laumer... Self-medication has been documented in multiple wild primate species, but not applying them to recent wounds. There is only one other study of active wound treatment by great apes. What will likely happen to the research on great apes' wound treatment? A. It will stop due to lack of follow-up cases. B. It will be expanded to more primate species. C. It will focus more on this intentional treatment behavior. D. It will turn to studying traditional medicinal plants only. 依托现状找趋势：文本常提及事物当前的发展状态、规模或特点，这是预测的基础。若现状呈增长、优化等积极态势，且无明显阻碍因素，未来大概率延续向好趋势；若现状存在诸多问题且未提及改善措施，可能预测其面临困境。 结合举措推结果：重点关注文中提到的政策、行动、技术革新等举措。这些举措的目的和预期效果是关键，合理推断举措实施后会带来的直接或间接影响，就能得出事物后续的发展走向。 分析矛盾定走向：当文本中出现事物发展的矛盾点，如需求与供给的冲突、传统与创新的碰撞等，要判断矛盾的主要方面及是否有化解办法。若矛盾可通过现有手段解决，未来可能向协调方向发展；若矛盾突出且无解，可能出现衰退或变革。 参考专家观点或案例：文中若有专家评论、类似案例的发展历程，可作为预测的重要依据。专家的正向预判、成功案例的复制，往往指向积极的未来；反之，负面预警、失败案例的警示，则可能预示事物需调整方向。 【变式1-1】（2025 年上海市崇明区高三二模） The UN’s second sustainability goal, “Zero Hunger,” aims to end hunger in the world by 2030. Yet 828 million people suffer from food insecurity. Armed conflict, extreme weather and food waste are the main causes. Despite this, solutions are being promoted. In Africa, the Hunger Project encourages sustainable farming like crop diversification. The UN World Food Programme helps farmers connect to local economies and reduce crop losses. It also provides nutrient-rich foods for children and the weak. Individuals can also help by reducing food waste and spreading awareness. What will probably happen to global food security in the future if the current solutions continue? A. The “Zero Hunger” goal will be abandoned completely. B. Food insecurity will worsen due to extreme weather. C. The situation will gradually improve towards the set goal. D. Food waste will become the only cause of food insecurity. 【变式1-2】（2025 年上海市闵行区高三二模） The rock dove, ancestor of urban pigeons, was introduced to North America by settlers. For years, urban pigeons have been viewed as pests. They leave droppings that damage buildings and spread diseases. However, recent studies have found that pigeons play a role in urban ecosystems. They eat leftover food, reducing waste. Some cities have started to change their attitude. Instead of culling pigeons, they set up feeding stations to guide the birds to specific areas. Meanwhile, researchers are studying how to use pigeon droppings as organic fertilizer, turning a problem into a resource. What is the likely future relationship between urban pigeons and humans? A. It will become more tense due to pigeon diseases. B. It will turn more harmonious with effective management. C. Humans will stop all interactions with urban pigeons. D. Pigeons will disappear from cities because of culling. 【变式1-3】（2025 年上海市徐汇区高三一模） Independent bookstores in Shanghai have been struggling in recent years. The rise of online book platforms with lower prices and wider selections has led to a sharp decline in their sales. But many independent bookstores are fighting back. They have transformed into cultural spaces by adding cafes, holding book signings and literary salons. Some cooperate with local writers to launch limited-edition books. Young people are increasingly drawn to these unique experiences that online stores can’t provide. Many communities have also offered rent reductions to support these small businesses. What will the future of Shanghai’s independent bookstores probably be? A. They will be replaced entirely by online book platforms. B. They will thrive by continuing their cultural transformation. C. They will stop selling books and only run cafes. D. They will move out of communities due to high rent. 考向02 同义/复述线索 【例2-1】（2025 年上海市黄浦一模） To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of 22. It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to overlook positive experiences. After you've enjoyed that 24 moment, take a minute to reflect on how it made you feel. The word that best fits blank 22 is closest in meaning to______. A. frustration B. pleasure C. confusion D. pressure 锁定原词复现线索：关注生词对应的核心概念在上下文的重复出现，通过该原词所在的语境，反向推导生词与原词的关联，明确词义。比如围绕 “urban green belt” 展开的文本，后文多次出现 “this green area”，可判断二者指代同一事物。 捕捉同义词替换线索：留意文中与生词表意相近的词汇，这些词可能是常见基础词，常通过 and、or、as well as 等连词与生词衔接。例如 “The task is arduous, and even the most experienced workers find this tough job time-consuming”，通过 and 连接的 “tough” 可推断 “arduous” 表 “艰难的”。 抓取同义短语复述线索：作者可能用一个完整短语或句子对生词的含义进行阐释，这些短语或句子会从不同角度说明生词的属性、功能等，需梳理语境逻辑，提炼复述内容的核心义。 【变式2-1】（2025 年上海市闵行一模） Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 30. If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be recognized whenever it is sighted again. Which word best fits blank 30? A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes 【变式2-2】（2025 年上海市浦东一模） Browse through any social-media feed, and before long a cute video will appear. The supply of these 21 clips, short parts of videos, is huge. On one social media platform there are 65 million videos tagged #cute. The demand is more enormous: those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times. The word that fits blank 21 is closest in meaning to______. A. long B. short C. boring D. funny 【变式2-3】（2025 年上海市金山一模） If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work 23? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about AI in particular are easily get lost in hypothetical debates about wholesale job loss or, worse, the nature of consciousness. Which word best fits blank 23? A. properly B. purposelessly C. continuously D. unwillingly 考向03 对比/反义线索 【例3-1】（2025 年上海市普陀区高三一模） Many people assume that remote workers are lazy and unproductive, but this stereotype couldn't be more wrong. In fact, most remote employees are more diligent than office workers. They tend to avoid office chatter and unnecessary meetings, which allows them to focus more on their tasks and complete work efficiently. What does the underlined word “diligent” most probably mean? A. Lazy B. Careless C. Hard - working D. Impatient 抓准转折类标志词：常见 “but”“however”“yet”“while” 等，这些词前后内容多为反向关系。比如 “Most students find the task easy, while Tom thinks it arduous”，通过 “while” 可推断 “arduous” 与 “easy” 互为反义。 识别对比类固定搭配：遇到 “rather than”“unlike”“on the contrary”“in contrast” 等短语时，需聚焦前后对比对象的差异。例如 “Unlike his timid brother, he is bold in expressing opinions”，借助 “unlike” 能判断 “timid” 和 “bold” 含义相反。 提炼相反情境逻辑：部分文本无明显标志词，但会通过描述两种对立的人物、事件或状态暗示反义。比如 “During the day, the desert is scorching; at night, it becomes extremely cold”，通过昼夜沙漠温度的对立，可推测 “scorching” 意为 “酷热的”。 巧用否定式对比：文中若出现 “not”“never” 等否定词，可能通过否定已知事物来界定生词。例如 “This book is not obscure; even primary school students can understand it”，由 “not” 和后文的易懂性，可推断 “obscure” 指 “晦涩的”。 【变式3-1】（2025 年上海市浦东新区高三一模） While traditional bookstores are struggling to survive with shrinking customer flow, online book platforms are thriving. They attract millions of users by offering abundant book categories, discounted prices and home delivery services, making reading more convenient for modern people. The underlined word “thriving” is closest in meaning to______. A. declining B. booming C. changing D. surviving 【变式3-2】（2025 年上海市十二校高三第二次学业调研联考） Don't look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. Oh, yes—where others are weak, he is strong. His ability to solve complex technical problems is unmatched in the team, even though some colleagues once thought he was incompetent. What does the underlined word “incompetent” most probably mean? A. skilled B. inexperienced C. incapable D. independent 【变式3-3】（2025 年上海市青浦区高三一模） Unlike the fleeting trends that disappear within months, traditional handicrafts have endured for centuries. They carry the cultural memories of generations, and their value doesn't fade with time. Even young people are now showing more interest in learning these ancient skills. The underlined word “fleeting” is closest in meaning to______. A. long - lasting B. temporary C. valuable D. cultural 考向04 因果/例证线索 【例4-1】（2025 年上海市奉贤区高三一模） In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became less productive when they listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study conducted among surgeons who operated on patients while listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music as it could be distracting. What does the underlined word “distracting” most probably mean? A. Beneficial B. Troublesome C. Attractive D. Comfortable 因果 / 例证线索是高考英语词义猜测题中常用的语境线索，因果线索借助因果连词衔接前后语义，可由因推果或由果溯因猜词义；例证线索则通过具体例子解释抽象生词，需从例子共性中提炼词义。因果线索解题技巧 先定位因果标志词，常见的有 because、so、thus、therefore、as a result、due to、since 等，这些词是区分原因和结果的关键。 理清逻辑方向，若生词在 “因” 的部分，可通过后文的结果推导生词属性；若生词在 “果” 的部分，可借助前文的原因明确词义核心。比如 “Due to the paucity of rain, the crops dried up.”，由 “庄稼枯萎” 的结果可推出 “paucity” 表 “缺乏”。 例证线索解题技巧 识别例证标志词，如 such as、for example、for instance、like 等，其后内容多为对前文生词的具体举例。 提炼例子的共性特征，多个例子会围绕生词的核心含义展开，汇总例子的共同属性，即可反向确定生词词义。例如 “Many edible plants, such as apples, tomatoes and carrots, are available in the market.”，从苹果、番茄等例子可推断 “edible” 指 “可食用的”。 【变式4-1】（2025 年上海市崇明区高三二模） Moodeng, a pygmy hippopotamus, has gained great popularity online. Officials estimate that since the hippopotamus became a hit on the Internet, it has attracted an average of 3,000 to 5,000 visitors every day. The extra income brought by Moodeng will help the zoo carry out many breeding programs for endangered animals, as these species are threatened by illegal hunting and habitat loss. What does the underlined word “breeding” most probably mean? A. Hunting B. Raising C. Protecting D. Observing 【变式4-2】（2025 年上海市闵行区高三一模） Urban gardening has become increasingly popular among city dwellers. Due to the scarcity of large outdoor spaces, many people turn to vertical gardens or window boxes. These small - scale planting areas allow them to grow vegetables and flowers without occupying much room. The underlined word “scarcity” is closest in meaning to______. A. abundance B. shortage C. variety D. quality 【变式4-3】（2025 年上海市杨浦区高三二模） The big puma fungus has been found in the rainy mountains of Chile, almost 40 years after it was first documented. It’s possible that the reproductive parts of the big puma fungus — the mushroom — are only fadingly visible above the soil on the same few days each year, which made the timing of the mission a crucial factor for the expedition team. What does the underlined word “crucial” most probably mean? A. Unimportant B. Challenging C. Critical D. Interesting （一） Skyscraper didn’t always mean a tall building. The earliest reference to the word dates back to 1788, when it was used to describe a really tall horse, according to The Oxford English Dictionary. By the 1790s, a Philadelphia doctor had used the term to describe the triangular sail at the very top of a ship. After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the Home Insurance Company hired architect William Jenney to design a tall, fire-proof head office. Jenney was inspired to design the building’s steel framework (框架)after his wife placed a heavy book on a small birdcage and found that the cage supported the weight. Today, that revolutionary structure is widely considered to be the first skyscraper. Since then, the competition to build the world’s tallest building has been as sharp as the top of the Empire State Building. In the late 1920s, Walter Chrysler and his architect arranged for the secret construction of a roof that added 125 feet of height to the new Chrysler Building, making it 1,046 feet tall. The plan allowed them to eclipse(使逊色)the 927-foot Bank of Manhattan Trust Building. However, only 11 months after the Chrysler Building was ranked the world’s tallest, it was surpassed by a new neighbor — the Empire State Building. Yet when it opened in 1931, less than 25 percent of the building was occupied. New York jokers called it the “Empty State Building”. The largest skyscraper in the world always seems to be under construction. Jeddah Tower in Saudi Arabia is the latest and it’s expected to stretch nearly one kilometer (3, 280 feet) into the sky. 1．What did the word “skyscraper” originally mean？ A．A triangular sail. B．A high building. C．A fire-proof head office. D．An extremely tall horse. 2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “surpassed” in paragraph 4? A．given away B．left behind C．put off D．taken up 3．Why was the Empire State Building called “Empty State Building”? A．It was ranked the world’s tallest. B．Tourists were not allowed to visit it. C．Its construction lasted eleven months. D．Only a few people lived or worked in it. 4．How does the passage develop? A．In order of time. B．In order of space. C．By analyzing causes. D．By giving definitions. （二） A new product from Google may help people solve their sleep problems, but some privacy rights groups are concerned. Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep. The basic model costs about $100 and the sleep-tracking technology will be available for free for the rest of 2021. The sleep tracker makes Google’s product different from a similar home assistant from Amazon. If you put the Nest Hub beside your bed, it can follow how you sleep. That is because of a new computer chip called Soli, which can sense motion. Some people may like the new technology because they would not have to wear another device to bed. Some companies make products people can wear on their wrist to track their sleep. Google says the new Nest Hub will create reports each week that show how long and how well a person sleeps. It will also show if they snore, cough or wake up often. The company said it studied 15,000 people over the course of 110,000 nights to develop the technology. For people who want to know more about their sleep, the device sounds like a good idea. But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering. Jeff Chester is one of those people. He is the director of the Center for Digital Democracy. “Google’s goal is to monetize every cell of your body,” he said. Google recently bought FitBit, a company that makes a health tracker people can wear on their wrist. Some technology experts think Google may find a way for the Nest Hub to work with the FitBit. Google says the sleep tracker has a lot of privacy protections. For example, it will only work if the user turns it on. The company said it will not use a person’s sleep information to try to sell advertising. But Chester said he is not so sure that promise will be kept. 5．Which is true about the Google’s new Nest Hub? A．It’s the first device to track people’s sleep. B．It has some functions as a home assistant. C．It can be available for free for the rest of 2021. D．It is the same as a health tracker produced by FitBit. 6．Why are some people concerned about the Google’s new product? A．Because private information may be let out. B．Because the sleeping problems can’t be solved. C．Because sleep may be interrupted. D．Because sleeping reports may be created each week. 7．What does the underlined word mean? A．Make money on. B．Keep track of. C．Take care of. D．Give away. 8．What’s the best title of the text? A．Google’s New Soli B．Google’s sleep problem solver C．Google’s Newest Nest Hub D．A Sleep Tracker （三） Morgan’s Wonderland, located in San Antonio, Texas, is a theme park mainly intended for mentally or physically disabled children. The park was built by Gordon Hartman, a former real estate (房地产) developer. The creation of the park was inspired by his daughter, Morgan, who suffers from severe cognitive delay and physical challenges. The world’s first ultra-accessible family fun park, Morgan’s Wonderland opened in the spring of 2010. Admission for guests with special needs is free, and fees for the general public are set at a much discounted price so that people of all ages and abilities can come together and play in a fun and safe environment. Completely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres of attractions including rides, playgrounds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas throughout the park. The rides are custom-designed to accommodate wheelchair riders so that every family member can enjoy the fun. The adapted rides include the Off-Road Adventure, where guests can test their driving skills in sporty vehicles. Moreover, each visitor is offered the option to wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allows them to keep track of each other while in the park. The band also enables them to take part in electronic activities. For example, when the riders scan the band at the Off-Road Adventure, a photo will be taken and sent to their email. In June 2017, Morgan’s Wonderland celebrated the opening of Morgan’s Inspiration Island. The new expansion is composed of five themed splash pads and a River Boat Adventure Ride. The wheelchair guests can be moved out of their chairs into unique, waterproof chairs and enjoy the splash park without risking damage to their personal wheelchairs. “Morgan taught me that there’s more to life in many ways than what I saw before,” said Hartman. “The blessing that Morgan has brought is beyond anything that I ever could have imagined and could explain.” 9．What is the passage mainly about? A．The new addition to Morgan’s Wonderland. B．The establishment and features of a special theme park. C．The advanced technological devices in Morgan’s Wonderland D．The needs of people who suffer from physical and mental disabilities. 10．What does “ultra-accessible” in the second paragraph imply? A．It’s easy for all visitors to use the facilities. B．Admission is free for people young and old. C．Wheelchairs are provided for every featured attraction. D．Morgan’s Wonderland is situated in a convenient location. 11．What does the park provide to prevent personal wheelchairs from being damaged? A．Safe Boats. B．Water-resistant cloth. C．GPS bands. D．Special chairs. 12．Which of the following statements is true about Morgan’s Wonderland? A．Waterproof chairs enable visitors to wonder all over the park. B．Morgan’s Inspiration Island includes 25 acres of attractions. C．The success of the park is exactly what Morgan intended to achieve. D．GPS bands allow visitors to enjoy the convenience of the electronic devices. （四） On July 24, 2020, Mike Stout launched his kayak（皮筏艇）just before 8：30 a.m. About 56 miles and 16.5 hours later, he landed on the sandy Michigan shore. It was his second time crossing Lake Michigan. By chance, Stout said, he gave kayaking a try in 2016. Already in good physical condition, he considered kayaking a weekend escape. Then he was challenged by a client of his firm to think bigger. He did go big quickly. Weekend kayak trips were 40, 50 and 60 miles long over the next few months. Then his goal was to cross Lake Michigan that year. On August 3, Stout completed his first crossing of Lake Michigan in 15.5 hours. Since then, he’s finished countless long-distance trips on Minnesota rivers and lakes. In heading back to Lake Michigan last summer, Stout thought he could become the first kayaker to make a round-trip crossing of the Great Lake. He felt capable. He’d put in 800 miles since March 1, 2020-when ice was still on the Minnesota River. Stout wanted to do with manageable winds. Possibilities rose, only to become worse, the lake showing its mercurial nature. Stout realized a single crossing was his best hope. With local police informed of his plans and plenty of food aboard, Stout launched. His plan was to land on the Michigan shore 12.5 hours later. The lake thought otherwise. The winds and waves were working against him, too. Still, he was resolute. Finally he could hear waves crashing on shore. “Never did I have a sense of doubt or fear or worry,” Stout said. Despite the constant, forceful wind, he said the crossing was easier than his others because of his experience. But no less meaningful. The stars, the chance to speak to the heavens, and the hope that his adventure would inspire others-all were fuel to finish. 13．What can we infer about Stout from paragraph 2? A．He challenged his client. B．He intended to escape real life. C．He was organized and determined. D．He set a goal bigger than his capability. 14．What forced Stout to change his journey into a single crossing in 2020? A．His physical state. B．The weather condition. C．The freezing water. D．Warning from local police. 15．What does the underlined word “mercurial” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Changeable. B．Merciful. C．Perfect. D．Balanced. 16．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Weather. B．Adventure. C．Geography. D．Entertainment. （五） There you are, looking through your WeChat moments or your Weibo feed, and you come across a post saying something like this: “I just got accepted to Harvard and 0xford! Are they sure they didn’t mix my applications up with somebody else’s?” This person is clearly humblebragging. The term “humblebrag” was first coined back in 2010 by the late US comedian Harris Wittels, and it describes when someone makes a seemingly modest statement, but the actual purpose is to bring attention to something they are proud of. The example above is a modesty-based humblebrag. The person wants to tell others: “I got accepted to Harvard and Oxford!” However, they don't want to seem too proud of their accomplishments. So, instead, they word it in a way to be more modest and bring down the importance of their achievements. Although people who humblebrag think it will make them more likeable because they aren’t talking proudly about their victories, a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology showed that humblebragging actually has the opposite effect. “Humblebragging doesn’t have the intended result because it seems insincere. That ‘poor me’ attitude combined with self-promotion does not lead to a favorable impression,” said Ovul Sezer, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of organizational behavior at the University of North Carolina, US. “ Even simply bragging or complaining (抱怨) is better, because at least those messages are seen as more sincere.” Sezer’s study also found that nearly 60% of humblebrags were complaint-based humblebragging, with most people humblebragging about their looks, followed by their money or wealth, and finally about their performance at work. “It’s such a common phenomenon. All of us know some people in our lives, whether in the social media or in the workplace, who do this annoying thing,” commented Sezer, adding that we all do it to some extent. So, if you want to share your achievements with others, what’s the best way to do it then? Sezer suggests that people admit their self-promotion and harvest the rewards of being sincere. She also suggests finding a go-between, adding, “If someone brags for you, that’s the best thing that can happen to you, because then you don’t seem like you’re bragging.” 17．The underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．recognized B．invented C．bought D．copied 18．Which of the following can be considered as humblebragging? A．Hesitating to talk about your achievements. B．Bringing people’s attention to your achievements. C．Talking proudly about your achievements in the social media. D．Pretending to be modest when talking about your achievements. 19．What is Sezer’s attitude towards humblebragging? A．Cautious. B．Ambiguous. C．Supportive. D．Disapproving. 20．What does Sezer suggest people do when it comes to sharing achievements? A．Share their achievements with their best friends. B．Bring down the importance of their achievements. C．Find someone else to talk about their achievements. D．Talk about their achievements after someone else does. （六） Esports (electronic sports) are organized competitions where players — often referred to as “athletes” — face off against each other in video games. They are not just games in a sense. Actually, they are a sport that can improve the players’ thinking ability, hand-eye coordination, willpower and team spirit. The esports industry has experienced significant growth in recent years around the world, though it’s still in the nascent stage, which means it has huge growth potential going forward. While the assumption is that esports are only a recent phenomenon, in reality the first esports-like event was held back in 1972, when some Stanford University students competed against one another in the game Spacewar. The prize? A year-long subscription to Rolling Stone magazine. The ’80s saw the first true videogame tournament, with over 10,000 players gathering for the Space Invaders Championship. However, most of the period saw that players focused on beating each other’s highest scores rather than competing in organized tournaments. As gaming became more popular, the ’90s became the first decade when esports (a term which wasn’t yet coined) began to really take off, with companies such as Nintendo and Sega holding professional gaming tournaments. This is also when we began to see money becoming a factor in professional gaming. But it is the 1997 Red Annihilation Quake tournament that is considered the world’s first real esports event. Only a few weeks later, the Cyberathlete Professional League was formed — an organization which is considered a pioneer of esports. Due to the normalization of gaming and the Internet (along with technological advances), the real surge ( 激增 ) of esports came in the recent decade. It was then that we began seeing what we now know to be modern-day esports. As streaming platforms such as YouTube took off, people began to show interest in not only playing videogames but watching them too. Popular tournaments now sell out stadiums and professional players can earn millions from prize money, advertising and salaries. 21．What does the underlined word “nascent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Beginning. B．Peak. C．Mature. D．Final. 22．How does the text mainly develop? A．By providing examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By following the order of time. D．By following the order of importance. 23．What can be learned about esports? A．They spread worldwide overnight. B．Prize money appeared in the 1990s. C．The first real esports event was held in 1972. D．The athletes in esports are programmers. 24．What seems to be the author’s viewpoint on modern-day esports? A．They are getting popular. B．They become too commercialized. C．They boost the normalization of the Internet. D．Their development relies on advertising. （七） The joy of giving is real, according to a study. Research presented in the Journal of the Association for Psychological Science shows that those who give gifts are happier — and happier for longer — than those who receive gifts. Researchers conducted two studies last year. In one，participants were given $5 every day for five days and were required to spend the money on the same thing each day. Some participants were required to spend the money on themselves, while others were required to give to make a donation to charity. In a second experiment that was done online, participants played 10 rounds of a word puzzle game and each won 5 cents per round, which they could keep or donate. In both experiments, participants reported their overall happiness. Those who donated their money showed that their happiness declined at a much slower rate than those who kept the money or spent it on themselves. The researchers note that when people focus on an outcome, they can easily compare outcomes, which may diminish their sensitivity to each experience. When people focus on an action, they may focus less on comparison and instead experience each act of giving as a unique happiness-inducing event. Further analyses ruled out some potential alternative explanations, such as the possibility that participants who gave to others had to think longer and harder about what to give, which could promote higher happiness. The results are especially interesting because according to one of the researchers, Ed O’Brien of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, they conflict with past research. “If you want to sustain happiness over time, past research tells us that we need to take a break from what were currently consuming and experience something new. Our research reveals that the kind of thing may matter more than assumed: Repeated giving, even in identical ways to identical other，may continue to feel relatively fresh and relatively pleasurable the more we do it,” O’Brien said. So for all the holiday gifts you give this season, expect to feel happy and know that feeling is going to stick around for a while. 25．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To lead to the topic. B．To highlight the importance of the study. C．To recommend a journal. D．To persuade people to give gifts regularly. 26．Why did the researchers do two experiments? A．To challenge the past research. B．To rule out different experimental data. C．To show the benefits of donation. D．To make the conclusion more convincing. 27．What does the underlined word “diminish” probably mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Develop. B．Show. C．Reduce. D．Lack. 28．What’s the main finding of the new study? A．Gift giving will result in longer happiness than receiving. B．Thinking longer and harder on giving will promote higher happiness. C．The feeling of happiness will disappear soon if people just give holiday gifts. D．Taking a break from what were currently consuming will sustain happiness. （八） In Asia, the car is as much a status symbol as it is a means of transport. A car’s design is not the only consideration when a vehicle has to suit the needs of everyone in the family . This is the case for one particular group of drivers: The sandwich generation, who are stuck between caring for their children and caring for their parents. For them, the ‘family car’ is often shared with everyone from the newly licensed teens to adults with their own kids, or grandparents struggling with physical mobility. With differing demands of so many people from boomers to Gen Z, your car has to appeal to all — and keep everyone safe in the event of a car accident. Over 20% of serious driver accidents involving teens were caused by driving too fast for the road conditions. But it isn’t just risky driving behavior that causes teens to be the source of serious road accidents. In fact, according to research conducted by the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, most speed-related teen crashes are due to inexperience and a lack of driving skills rather than intentionally risky driving behavior. It can be challenging for newbie drivers to appropriately judge the proper speed at which to take turns, especially on less-than-perfect roads or driving conditions. Helping them along is Subaru’s Active Torque Vectoring, which makes up for any over-eagerness, ensuring you can take the car through corners in a smooth and safe manner. For seniors with slower reaction, or having difficulty stretching out their neck to check blind spots, being able to quickly avoid danger can be critical. Subaru’s Blind Spot Detection system will alert you if there’s a vehicle in the neighboring lane. What’s more, Subaru’s EyeSight Lane Departure Warning warns the driver if they start to stray by accident from their traffic lane and endanger other vehicles in the neighbouring lane, while the EyeSight Lane Sway Warning system will remind you should you begin to move back and forth in your lane. It can be difficult to find a car that appeals to multiple generations. But there are some things you should never compromise regardless of your age or driving experience. And at the top of that list is safety. 29．According to the text, what is the reason for most speed-related teen crashes? A．Their risky driving behavior on purpose B．Their inability to check blind spots. C．A lack of experience and driving skills D．The busy roads or ideal driving conditions 30．What will help new drivers to take turns at proper speed? A．Subaru’s Active Torque Vectoring B．EyeSight Lane Sway Warning system C．Subaru’s Blind Spot Detection system D．Subaru’s EyeSight Lane Departure Warning 31．What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．Speed up B．Move away C．Pull over D．Turn around 32．What is the main idea of the text? A．The sandwich generation mainly care about their parents’ demands. B．It is challenging to design a multifunctional car to satisfy everyone. C．It’s extremely important to drive safely no matter how old the drivers are. D．Subaru can ensure driving safety of the drivers ranging from teens to seniors. （九） Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These then cannot be broken down and digested, and may ultimately kill them. It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Floating plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lota of plastic objects that end up inside turtles are not similar to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of micro-organisms (微生物) which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles to feed. Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, which are released into the air by micro-organism — colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the seaweed and bacteria. Since turtles are known to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming towards their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller indicated that they are following these same chemicals, and are fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are edible. To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 of the animals, each around five months old, to be exposed, in random order, to four smells delivered through a pipe to; the air above an experimental area. The smells were: the vapour from deionised (去离子) water; the smell of turtle-feeding meal; the smell of a clean plastic bottle; and the smell of a similarly plastic bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow seaweed and bacteria to grow on it. Two of the smells-the smell of meal and that of five-week-old bottles-proved far more attractive to the animals than the others. On the face of it, then, the turtles were responding to the smell of old bottles as if it were the smell of food. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be edible-or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not. 33．What is most people's opinion on turtles' special habit? A．Turtles prefer jellyfish to plastics. B．Turtles enjoy the taste of plastics. C．Turtles like being fed with plastic tools. D．Turtles choose to eat plastics for a mistake. 34．What does the underlined word “edible" in paragraph 3 mean? A．Fit to eat. B．Pleasant to smell. C．Far to reach. D．Easy to digest. 35．What can we infer from Dr. Pfaller's research? A．Many seabirds can track the food. B．Most animals find food through smells. C．Two smells are especially favored by turtles. D．The favored smell leads turtles to seek for food. 36．Why did the author mention the unpolluted ocean at last? A．To explain why the ocean is polluted. B．To ask for people to feed turtles proper food. C．To arouse the awareness of protecting the ocean. D．To show his agreement on Dr. Pfaller's research. （十） Take a look at your fingers. Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can predict your personality? I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have to admit that it was spot-on for me. Look at your three middle fingers of your left hand. Is your index finger (食指) longer than your ring finger? Is your ring finger longer than your index finger? Or are the two the same length? Category 1: A longer ring finger. If your ring finger is longer than your index finger, research shows that you’re likely a charming type, and you can probably talk yourself out of any situation. Others often find this personality type irresistible and will go to great lengths to help you. You’re more likely to take risks, and you’re good at problem-solving. People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and crossword-puzzle solvers. Category 2: A longer index finger. If your index finger is longer than your ring finger, chances are you are full of confidence — possibly even to the point of being over-confident and too proud. You are not necessarily introverted, but you do enjoy time to yourself especially when you’re trying to complete a project. You are a determined go-getter who can make things happen, but you may be shy when it comes to taking the first step in building up a friendship. You are also probably happy with what you have, but you’re always wishing for more. Category 3: The two are the same length. If your index finger and ring finger are roughly the same length, you are likely to avoid conflict at all costs and seek to keep the peace in your relationships. You are well-organized, faithful and sympathetic. But deep down under all of that caring and peace-loving, you also have a fiery core (暴躁的本质) and can lash out unexpectedly when you’re pushed too far. How well did these descriptions match your personality? I was surprised at the accuracy in my case. 37．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Never believe the silly tests on Facebook. B．The length of fingers can reveal personality. C．Why your fingers are not of the same length. D．How to find out about one’s personality accurately. 38．What does the underlined word “spot-on” in Paragraph1 mean? A．Very funny. B．Quite easy. C．Exactly correct. D．Completely strange. 39．According to the passage, people with a longer ring finger tend to be ________. A．cautious B．catching C．hard-working D．warm-hearted 40．Which is a suitable match for “Category 3” people? A．The sweet talker. B．The self-important one. C．The introvert. D．The peacemaker. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04阅读理解词义猜测题 目录 第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴，掌握全局 第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖，精细教学 典例引领 方法透视 变式演练 考向01定义/解释线索 考向02 同义/复述线索 考向03 对比/反义线索【重难】 考向04 因果/例证线索 第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用，模拟实战 题型简介 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解的核心题型之一，重点考查学生在具体语境中推断陌生词汇或短语含义的能力。它并非简单测试词汇量，而是强调通过上下文逻辑、语法结构和语义关联进行合理推导的“动态理解”过程。题目通常选取文章中的关键实词（名词、动词、形容词等）、代词或蕴含特殊意义的短语，要求考生避免孤立理解，必须紧密联系文本。该题型直接对应语言学习中的“猜词”策略，是检验学生阅读思维灵活性与逻辑性的重要标尺，也是应对高考文本中不可避免出现的超纲词或专业术语的有效手段。 设题类型 主要分为四大类：一是生词猜测，针对完全陌生的单词，需利用上下文线索；二是熟词僻义，针对常见单词在特定语境下的非常用或专业含义，需突破思维定式；三是代词指代，要求明确“it”、“they”、“that”等代词在文中具体指代的人、物或事；四是短语/句子含义，考查对习语、隐喻或隐含意图的理解。其中，“熟词僻义”和“短语含义”是高频难点，需特别注意词汇在语境中的功能变化和文化内涵。 命题方式 题干表述具有明显特征。常见设问方式包括：1）直接询问词义，如“The underlined word ‘...’ probably means/refers to ______.”；2）询问替换项，如“Which of the following can best replace the word ‘...’?”；3）询问指代对象，如“What does the word ‘they’ in paragraph 2 refer to?”；4）询问句意，如“By saying ‘...’, the author means that ______.”。选项设计上，正确答案往往是原文信息的同义转述，干扰项则常设置为该词汇的常见含义（用于干扰“熟词僻义”）、脱离语境的字面解释或与文章主题相悖的无关信息。 解题思路 解题可遵循“定位-分析-代入-验证”四步法。首先，精确定位目标词所在句子，并拓展阅读前后相邻句（通常线索在此范围内）。其次，分析语境线索，重点寻找五大信号：定义解释（如that is）、同义复述（如similarly）、对比转折（如but）、因果例证（如for example）及生活逻辑。然后，基于线索初步推导含义，并将推断出的释义或选项代回原文，确保上下文逻辑通顺、语义连贯。最后，通过排除法确认答案，尤其警惕“望文生义”和“脱离语境”两大陷阱。核心原则是：词义生于语境，答案忠于文本。 考向01定义/解释线索 【例1-1】（2025 年上海市浦东新区一模） In a new paper, researchers describe how a male orangutan, known as Rakus, chewed the leaves of a plant used in traditional medicine and applied them to a wound on his cheek. He repeated this behavior for seven minutes and then continued feeding on the plant for 30 minutes. Over the following days, there were no signs of infection. The wound closed within five days. “What is interesting is that this behavior seems to be intentional and goal-oriented.” says study lead author Isabelle Laumer... Self-medication has been documented in multiple wild primate species, but not applying them to recent wounds. There is only one other study of active wound treatment by great apes. What will likely happen to the research on great apes' wound treatment? A. It will stop due to lack of follow-up cases. B. It will be expanded to more primate species. C. It will focus more on this intentional treatment behavior. D. It will turn to studying traditional medicinal plants only. 答案C 详解：第一步，梳理文本关键信息：红毛猩猩 Rakus 有意识地用药用植物处理伤口，且效果良好，研究负责人强调该行为具有目的性，同时指出目前灵长类动物自我用药有相关记录，但主动处理新鲜伤口的研究极少，仅有另一项关于类人猿主动处理伤口的研究。第二步，分析预测依据：该案例中猩猩的行为具有独特性和研究价值，研究人员也对其 “目的性” 表现出浓厚兴趣。第三步，排除错误选项：A 项 “停止研究” 无依据，文本未提及缺乏后续案例；B 项 “扩展到更多灵长类物种”，原文重点是类人猿的伤口处理行为，而非拓展研究物种；D 项 “仅研究药用植物” 偏离核心，研究核心是类人猿的伤口处理行为，而非植物本身。综上，后续研究大概率会聚焦这类具有目的性的伤口处理行为，答案选 C。 依托现状找趋势：文本常提及事物当前的发展状态、规模或特点，这是预测的基础。若现状呈增长、优化等积极态势，且无明显阻碍因素，未来大概率延续向好趋势；若现状存在诸多问题且未提及改善措施，可能预测其面临困境。 结合举措推结果：重点关注文中提到的政策、行动、技术革新等举措。这些举措的目的和预期效果是关键，合理推断举措实施后会带来的直接或间接影响，就能得出事物后续的发展走向。 分析矛盾定走向：当文本中出现事物发展的矛盾点，如需求与供给的冲突、传统与创新的碰撞等，要判断矛盾的主要方面及是否有化解办法。若矛盾可通过现有手段解决，未来可能向协调方向发展；若矛盾突出且无解，可能出现衰退或变革。 参考专家观点或案例：文中若有专家评论、类似案例的发展历程，可作为预测的重要依据。专家的正向预判、成功案例的复制，往往指向积极的未来；反之，负面预警、失败案例的警示，则可能预示事物需调整方向。 【变式1-1】（2025 年上海市崇明区高三二模） The UN’s second sustainability goal, “Zero Hunger,” aims to end hunger in the world by 2030. Yet 828 million people suffer from food insecurity. Armed conflict, extreme weather and food waste are the main causes. Despite this, solutions are being promoted. In Africa, the Hunger Project encourages sustainable farming like crop diversification. The UN World Food Programme helps farmers connect to local economies and reduce crop losses. It also provides nutrient-rich foods for children and the weak. Individuals can also help by reducing food waste and spreading awareness. What will probably happen to global food security in the future if the current solutions continue? A. The “Zero Hunger” goal will be abandoned completely. B. Food insecurity will worsen due to extreme weather. C. The situation will gradually improve towards the set goal. D. Food waste will become the only cause of food insecurity. 答案C 详解： 先明确文本核心：全球粮食安全面临困境，但已有多项改善举措。非洲推广可持续农业、联合国粮食计划署助力农民优化生产并提供营养食品，个人也能通过减少浪费等方式助力。接着分析走向：这些举措均针对性解决粮食不安全的核心问题，且无信息表明举措会失效。最后排除错误选项：A 项 “放弃目标” 与文本中积极推进解决方案相悖；B 项 “状况恶化” 忽略了文中的改善措施，不符合逻辑；D 项 “粮食浪费成唯一原因” 无依据，原文未提及其他原因会消失。由此可预测粮食安全状况将逐步改善，向 “零饥饿” 目标推进，答案选 C。 【变式1-2】（2025 年上海市闵行区高三二模） The rock dove, ancestor of urban pigeons, was introduced to North America by settlers. For years, urban pigeons have been viewed as pests. They leave droppings that damage buildings and spread diseases. However, recent studies have found that pigeons play a role in urban ecosystems. They eat leftover food, reducing waste. Some cities have started to change their attitude. Instead of culling pigeons, they set up feeding stations to guide the birds to specific areas. Meanwhile, researchers are studying how to use pigeon droppings as organic fertilizer, turning a problem into a resource. What is the likely future relationship between urban pigeons and humans? A. It will become more tense due to pigeon diseases. B. It will turn more harmonious with effective management. C. Humans will stop all interactions with urban pigeons. D. Pigeons will disappear from cities because of culling. 答案B 详解：第一步梳理文本逻辑：城市鸽子曾因粪便问题被视为害虫，但如今发现其能减少食物浪费，且部分城市已停止捕杀，转而设置投喂点引导鸽子，研究人员还在探索粪便的资源化利用。第二步分析发展趋势：这些举措均在化解鸽子与人类的矛盾，将鸽子带来的问题转化为可利用的价值。第三步排除错误选项：A 项 “关系紧张” 与城市和研究人员的积极行动不符；C 项 “停止所有互动” 过于绝对，文中无相关依据；D 项 “鸽子消失” 与 “不再捕杀” 的举措相悖。综上，未来人与鸽子的关系会因科学管理变得更和谐，答案选 B。 【变式1-3】（2025 年上海市徐汇区高三一模） Independent bookstores in Shanghai have been struggling in recent years. The rise of online book platforms with lower prices and wider selections has led to a sharp decline in their sales. But many independent bookstores are fighting back. They have transformed into cultural spaces by adding cafes, holding book signings and literary salons. Some cooperate with local writers to launch limited-edition books. Young people are increasingly drawn to these unique experiences that online stores can’t provide. Many communities have also offered rent reductions to support these small businesses. What will the future of Shanghai’s independent bookstores probably be? A. They will be replaced entirely by online book platforms. B. They will thrive by continuing their cultural transformation. C. They will stop selling books and only run cafes. D. They will move out of communities due to high rent. 答案B 详解：先提取文本关键信息：上海独立书店虽受线上平台冲击，但通过转型文化空间、举办特色活动、与作家合作等方式吸引年轻人，还获得社区减租支持。接着推断走向：这些转型举措弥补了线下书店的劣势，且有外部政策支持，符合当下年轻人对沉浸式文化体验的需求。最后排除错误选项：A 项 “被完全取代” 与书店的积极转型成果不符；C 项 “仅经营咖啡馆” 偏离书店核心功能，文本仅提及增加咖啡馆元素；D 项 “因高租金搬迁” 与社区提供减租支持的内容相悖。因此，独立书店大概率会通过持续的文化转型实现良好发展，答案选 B。 考向02 同义/复述线索 【例2-1】（2025 年上海市黄浦一模） To raise your reward sensitivity, begin by planning one activity per day that will make you happy or give you a sense of 22. It can be as small as treating yourself to a favorite snack or reading a few pages of a novel. This will make you less likely to overlook positive experiences. After you've enjoyed that 24 moment, take a minute to reflect on how it made you feel. The word that best fits blank 22 is closest in meaning to______. A. frustration B. pleasure C. confusion D. pressure 答案B 详解：第一步，定位目标词汇并寻找同义线索。空格 22 前的连词 “or” 是关键信号，其连接的前后内容为同义并列关系，前文提及 “make you happy”，由此可判断空格处需填与 “happy” 表意相近的词汇。第二步，结合后文复述内容验证。后文提到该活动可以是吃爱吃的零食、读小说，还强调这能让人更关注积极体验，这些场景均是能带来愉悦感的经历，进一步印证空格词汇的积极含义。第三步，匹配选项。A 项 “沮丧”、C 项 “困惑”、D 项 “压力” 均为消极词汇，与语境不符；B 项 “愉悦” 和 “happy” 构成同义关系，契合同义复述线索，故答案选 B。 锁定原词复现线索：关注生词对应的核心概念在上下文的重复出现，通过该原词所在的语境，反向推导生词与原词的关联，明确词义。比如围绕 “urban green belt” 展开的文本，后文多次出现 “this green area”，可判断二者指代同一事物。 捕捉同义词替换线索：留意文中与生词表意相近的词汇，这些词可能是常见基础词，常通过 and、or、as well as 等连词与生词衔接。例如 “The task is arduous, and even the most experienced workers find this tough job time-consuming”，通过 and 连接的 “tough” 可推断 “arduous” 表 “艰难的”。 抓取同义短语复述线索：作者可能用一个完整短语或句子对生词的含义进行阐释，这些短语或句子会从不同角度说明生词的属性、功能等，需梳理语境逻辑，提炼复述内容的核心义。 【变式2-1】（2025 年上海市闵行一模） Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 30. If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be recognized whenever it is sighted again. Which word best fits blank 30? A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes 答案A 详解：第一步，寻找同义复述线索。空格后的句子是对 “foot 30” 的同义阐释，其中 “the characteristics of its footprints” 与空格处构成同义对应关系，“footprints” 对应前文的 “foot”，因此空格处词汇需与 “characteristics” 表意相近。第二步，分析选项差异。B 项 “尺寸”、C 项 “颜色”、D 项 “形状” 均只是脚部特征的某一个具体方面，无法涵盖 “characteristics（特征）” 的全面含义；A 项 “特征” 与 “characteristics” 为同义词汇，能完整对应后文的复述内容，符合语境，故答案选 A。 【变式2-2】（2025 年上海市浦东一模） Browse through any social-media feed, and before long a cute video will appear. The supply of these 21 clips, short parts of videos, is huge. On one social media platform there are 65 million videos tagged #cute. The demand is more enormous: those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times. The word that fits blank 21 is closest in meaning to______. A. long B. short C. boring D. funny 答案B 详解： 第一步，抓取直接复述线索。空格 21 后的 “short parts of videos” 是对 “clips” 的同义复述，直接用短语解释了该词的核心含义。第二步，结合后文语境验证。后文提到这类视频在社交媒体上标签为 #cute 且播放量极高，未涉及 “无聊”“有趣” 的描述，排除 C、D 项；A 项 “长的” 与复述内容 “short parts” 完全相反；B 项 “短的” 和复述短语表意一致，故答案选 B。 【变式2-3】（2025 年上海市金山一模） If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work 23? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about AI in particular are easily get lost in hypothetical debates about wholesale job loss or, worse, the nature of consciousness. Which word best fits blank 23? A. properly B. purposelessly C. continuously D. unwillingly 答案A 详解：第一步，定位对比类同义线索。前文以 “when they fail”（当机器出故障时）为参照，用 “what about” 引出相反场景的提问，因此空格 23 需填与 “fail” 表意相反的词汇。后文 “not an idle question，but a serious one” 虽在强调问题的重要性，但核心逻辑仍是围绕机器 “故障” 与 “正常运行” 的对比展开。第二步，筛选选项。B 项 “无目的地”、C 项 “持续地”、D 项 “不情愿地” 均与 “故障” 无相反关系；A 项 “正常地、恰当地” 是 “fail（出故障）” 的反向同义对应，契合上下文的逻辑对比，故答案选 A。 考向03 对比/反义线索 【例3-1】（2025 年上海市普陀区高三一模） Many people assume that remote workers are lazy and unproductive, but this stereotype couldn't be more wrong. In fact, most remote employees are more diligent than office workers. They tend to avoid office chatter and unnecessary meetings, which allows them to focus more on their tasks and complete work efficiently. What does the underlined word “diligent” most probably mean? A. Lazy B. Careless C. Hard - working D. Impatient 答案C 详解：第一步，定位生词并锁定反义线索。“diligent” 所在句以转折词 “but” 衔接前文，前文提到大众认为远程工作者 “lazy and unproductive”，“but” 直接否定了这一刻板印象，说明后文内容与 “懒惰低效” 形成反义。第二步，结合对比逻辑验证。后文补充远程工作者能避免办公室闲聊和无效会议，更专注工作且高效完成任务，进一步强化其与 “懒惰” 相反的特质。第三步，匹配选项。A 项 “懒惰” 是前文否定的词汇，与 “diligent” 相反；B 项 “粗心的”、D 项 “不耐烦的” 均不涉及 “懒惰” 的对立含义；C 项 “勤奋的” 契合与 “lazy” 的反义关系，故答案选 C。 抓准转折类标志词：常见 “but”“however”“yet”“while” 等，这些词前后内容多为反向关系。比如 “Most students find the task easy, while Tom thinks it arduous”，通过 “while” 可推断 “arduous” 与 “easy” 互为反义。 识别对比类固定搭配：遇到 “rather than”“unlike”“on the contrary”“in contrast” 等短语时，需聚焦前后对比对象的差异。例如 “Unlike his timid brother, he is bold in expressing opinions”，借助 “unlike” 能判断 “timid” 和 “bold” 含义相反。 提炼相反情境逻辑：部分文本无明显标志词，但会通过描述两种对立的人物、事件或状态暗示反义。比如 “During the day, the desert is scorching; at night, it becomes extremely cold”，通过昼夜沙漠温度的对立，可推测 “scorching” 意为 “酷热的”。 巧用否定式对比：文中若出现 “not”“never” 等否定词，可能通过否定已知事物来界定生词。例如 “This book is not obscure; even primary school students can understand it”，由 “not” 和后文的易懂性，可推断 “obscure” 指 “晦涩的”。 【变式3-1】（2025 年上海市浦东新区高三一模） While traditional bookstores are struggling to survive with shrinking customer flow, online book platforms are thriving. They attract millions of users by offering abundant book categories, discounted prices and home delivery services, making reading more convenient for modern people. The underlined word “thriving” is closest in meaning to______. A. declining B. booming C. changing D. surviving 答案B 详解：第一步，抓取对比标志词。句首 “While” 表对比，明确传统书店和线上图书平台的经营状况呈相反态势。第二步，锁定反义参照对象。前文指出传统书店因客流量减少而 “struggling to survive”（艰难求生），由此可推断 “thriving” 是其反义。第三步，筛选选项。A 项 “衰退” 与传统书店的状态一致，并非 “thriving” 的含义；C 项 “变化” 未体现对立关系；D 项 “存活” 是传统书店努力达成的状态，也非反义；B 项 “蓬勃发展” 与 “艰难求生” 形成鲜明对比，符合反义线索，故答案选 B。 【变式3-2】（2025 年上海市十二校高三第二次学业调研联考） Don't look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. Oh, yes—where others are weak, he is strong. His ability to solve complex technical problems is unmatched in the team, even though some colleagues once thought he was incompetent. What does the underlined word “incompetent” most probably mean? A. skilled B. inexperienced C. incapable D. independent 答案C 详解：第一步，梳理反义逻辑。前文先强调 Bob 有优势，通过 “where others are weak, he is strong” 突出其能力突出，后文 “even though” 引导转折，说明同事的原有看法与 Bob 的实际能力相反。第二步，推导词义方向。Bob 实际擅长解决复杂技术问题，因此 “incompetent” 应是 “能力强” 的反义。第三步，辨析选项。A 项 “熟练的” 与 Bob 的能力相符，并非反义；B 项 “缺乏经验的” 侧重经验，而非能力；D 项 “独立的” 与能力无关；C 项 “无能力的” 是 “strong”（能力强）的反义，契合转折对比线索，故答案选 C。 【变式3-3】（2025 年上海市青浦区高三一模） Unlike the fleeting trends that disappear within months, traditional handicrafts have endured for centuries. They carry the cultural memories of generations, and their value doesn't fade with time. Even young people are now showing more interest in learning these ancient skills. The underlined word “fleeting” is closest in meaning to______. A. long - lasting B. temporary C. valuable D. cultural 答案B 详解：第一步，定位对比线索。“Unlike” 明确 “fleeting trends”（转瞬即逝的潮流）和 “traditional handicrafts”（传统手工艺品）的存在状态相反。第二步，确定反义参照内容。后文指出传统手工艺品 “endured for centuries”（传承数百年）且价值不褪色，由此可知 “fleeting” 与 “endured for centuries” 含义相反。第三步，排除错误选项。A 项 “持久的” 与传统手工艺品的特点一致，是 “fleeting” 的反义；C 项 “有价值的”、D 项 “文化的” 均未体现时间维度的对立；B 项 “暂时的” 与 “传承数百年” 形成反义，符合对比线索，故答案选 B。 考向04 因果/例证线索 【例4-1】（2025 年上海市奉贤区高三一模） In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became less productive when they listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study conducted among surgeons who operated on patients while listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music as it could be distracting. What does the underlined word “distracting” most probably mean? A. Beneficial B. Troublesome C. Attractive D. Comfortable 答案B 详解：第一步，定位因果线索。句中 “as” 表原因，连接前文建议与后文理由，前文提到外科医生手术时听古典乐效率和精准度更高，且研究者反对快节奏或大声的音乐，后文 “it could be distracting” 是反对的核心原因。第二步，推导词义逻辑。结合手术场景的特殊性，快节奏或大声的音乐必然会对医生的专注度产生负面影响，这也是研究者反对的关键依据。第三步，匹配选项。A 项 “有益的”、C 项 “有吸引力的”、D 项 “舒适的” 均为积极含义，与 “反对” 的态度矛盾；B 项 “造成麻烦的” 符合 “影响医生专注、干扰手术” 的负面效果，故答案选 B。 因果 / 例证线索是高考英语词义猜测题中常用的语境线索，因果线索借助因果连词衔接前后语义，可由因推果或由果溯因猜词义；例证线索则通过具体例子解释抽象生词，需从例子共性中提炼词义。因果线索解题技巧 先定位因果标志词，常见的有 because、so、thus、therefore、as a result、due to、since 等，这些词是区分原因和结果的关键。 理清逻辑方向，若生词在 “因” 的部分，可通过后文的结果推导生词属性；若生词在 “果” 的部分，可借助前文的原因明确词义核心。比如 “Due to the paucity of rain, the crops dried up.”，由 “庄稼枯萎” 的结果可推出 “paucity” 表 “缺乏”。 例证线索解题技巧 识别例证标志词，如 such as、for example、for instance、like 等，其后内容多为对前文生词的具体举例。 提炼例子的共性特征，多个例子会围绕生词的核心含义展开，汇总例子的共同属性，即可反向确定生词词义。例如 “Many edible plants, such as apples, tomatoes and carrots, are available in the market.”，从苹果、番茄等例子可推断 “edible” 指 “可食用的”。 【变式4-1】（2025 年上海市崇明区高三二模） Moodeng, a pygmy hippopotamus, has gained great popularity online. Officials estimate that since the hippopotamus became a hit on the Internet, it has attracted an average of 3,000 to 5,000 visitors every day. The extra income brought by Moodeng will help the zoo carry out many breeding programs for endangered animals, as these species are threatened by illegal hunting and habitat loss. What does the underlined word “breeding” most probably mean? A. Hunting B. Raising C. Protecting D. Observing 答案B 详解：第一步，锁定因果与例证双重线索。“as” 引出濒危动物需要保护的原因，而 “breeding programs” 是动物园用额外收入开展的计划，且前文提到小河马吸引游客带来收入，该计划针对小河马所属的濒危侏儒河马这类物种。第二步，分析选项逻辑。A 项 “捕猎” 与 “保护濒危动物” 的目标完全相反；C 项 “保护” 范围过宽泛，后文未提及法律、宣传等保护手段；D 项 “观察” 仅为记录行为，无需借助额外收入推进。第三步，确定答案。B 项 “繁育” 契合动物园对动物的培育场景，通过繁育计划增加濒危动物数量，符合收入用途与物种保护的因果逻辑，故答案选 B。 【变式4-2】（2025 年上海市闵行区高三一模） Urban gardening has become increasingly popular among city dwellers. Due to the scarcity of large outdoor spaces, many people turn to vertical gardens or window boxes. These small - scale planting areas allow them to grow vegetables and flowers without occupying much room. The underlined word “scarcity” is closest in meaning to______. A. abundance B. shortage C. variety D. quality 答案B 详解：第一步，抓取因果线索。“Due to” 明确 “scarcity of large outdoor spaces” 是原因，后文 “转向垂直花园和窗台花箱” 是对应的结果。第二步，推导逻辑关系。垂直花园和窗台花箱的核心特点是占用空间小，这一选择显然是为了应对 “缺乏大空间” 的问题。第三步，排除错误选项。A 项 “充足” 与因果逻辑相反；C 项 “多样性”、D 项 “质量” 均与空间大小无关；B 项 “短缺” 符合 “因空间不足而选择小面积种植方式” 的逻辑，故答案选 B。 【变式4-3】（2025 年上海市杨浦区高三二模） The big puma fungus has been found in the rainy mountains of Chile, almost 40 years after it was first documented. It’s possible that the reproductive parts of the big puma fungus — the mushroom — are only fadingly visible above the soil on the same few days each year, which made the timing of the mission a crucial factor for the expedition team. What does the underlined word “crucial” most probably mean? A. Unimportant B. Challenging C. Critical D. Interesting 答案C 详解：第一步，定位因果线索。句中 “which” 引导结果状语从句，说明前文真菌的生长特性是导致 “任务时间安排成为关键因素” 的原因。第二步，分析原因细节。这种真菌的繁殖体（蘑菇）每年仅在少数几天里勉强能在地表看到，这意味着考察队必须精准把控时间才能找到它。第三步，筛选选项。A 项 “不重要的” 与因果逻辑完全相反；B 项 “具有挑战性的” 侧重任务难度，而非时间的重要性；D 项 “有趣的” 与考察任务的严谨性不符；C 项 “至关重要的” 契合 “时间错配就可能找不到真菌” 的关键影响，符合因果推导的含义，故答案选 C。 （一） Skyscraper didn’t always mean a tall building. The earliest reference to the word dates back to 1788, when it was used to describe a really tall horse, according to The Oxford English Dictionary. By the 1790s, a Philadelphia doctor had used the term to describe the triangular sail at the very top of a ship. After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the Home Insurance Company hired architect William Jenney to design a tall, fire-proof head office. Jenney was inspired to design the building’s steel framework (框架)after his wife placed a heavy book on a small birdcage and found that the cage supported the weight. Today, that revolutionary structure is widely considered to be the first skyscraper. Since then, the competition to build the world’s tallest building has been as sharp as the top of the Empire State Building. In the late 1920s, Walter Chrysler and his architect arranged for the secret construction of a roof that added 125 feet of height to the new Chrysler Building, making it 1,046 feet tall. The plan allowed them to eclipse(使逊色)the 927-foot Bank of Manhattan Trust Building. However, only 11 months after the Chrysler Building was ranked the world’s tallest, it was surpassed by a new neighbor — the Empire State Building. Yet when it opened in 1931, less than 25 percent of the building was occupied. New York jokers called it the “Empty State Building”. The largest skyscraper in the world always seems to be under construction. Jeddah Tower in Saudi Arabia is the latest and it’s expected to stretch nearly one kilometer (3, 280 feet) into the sky. 1．What did the word “skyscraper” originally mean？ A．A triangular sail. B．A high building. C．A fire-proof head office. D．An extremely tall horse. 2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “surpassed” in paragraph 4? A．given away B．left behind C．put off D．taken up 3．Why was the Empire State Building called “Empty State Building”? A．It was ranked the world’s tallest. B．Tourists were not allowed to visit it. C．Its construction lasted eleven months. D．Only a few people lived or worked in it. 4．How does the passage develop? A．In order of time. B．In order of space. C．By analyzing causes. D．By giving definitions. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述摩天大楼的起源以及它的建造历史。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Skyscraper didn’t always mean a tall building. The earliest reference to the word dates back to 1788, when it was used to describe a really tall horse, according to The Oxford English Dictionary. ”（摩天大楼并不总是指高楼。据《牛津英语词典》记载，该词最早见于1788年，当时它被用来形容一匹非常高大的马。）由此可知，摩天大楼起初意思是非常高的马。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“The largest skyscraper in the world always seems to be under construction.”（ 世界上最大的摩天大楼似乎总是在建设中。）可知上文“However, only 11 months after the Chrysler Building was ranked the world’s tallest, it was surpassed by a new neighbor — the Empire State Building.”（ 然而，在克莱斯勒大厦成为世界第一高楼的11个月后，它就被新邻居——帝国大厦超越了。）可推断，帝国大厦是继克莱斯勒大厦之后又一所比克莱斯勒大厦更高的摩天大楼，由此猜测surpassed意为“超越”的意思，同leave behind（使落后）同义，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Yet when it opened in 1931, less than 25 percent of the building was occupied. New York jokers called it the ‘Empty State Building’. ”（ 然而，当它在1931年开放时，只有不到25%的建筑被占用。纽约有人称其为“空州大厦”。）由此可知，帝国大厦又被叫做“Empty State Building”是因为它被占用不到25%，所以应该很少的人在里生活或工作，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章的摩天大楼的一词起源时间1788年，到到了18世纪90年代，一位费城医生用这个词来描述船顶部的三角形帆，再到1871年芝加哥大火后，家庭保险公司聘请建筑师威廉·詹尼设计一个高大的防火总部，以及后来的一些建造各个摩天大楼的时间，可知本篇文章是按照时间顺序叙述的，故选A。 （二） A new product from Google may help people solve their sleep problems, but some privacy rights groups are concerned. Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep. The basic model costs about $100 and the sleep-tracking technology will be available for free for the rest of 2021. The sleep tracker makes Google’s product different from a similar home assistant from Amazon. If you put the Nest Hub beside your bed, it can follow how you sleep. That is because of a new computer chip called Soli, which can sense motion. Some people may like the new technology because they would not have to wear another device to bed. Some companies make products people can wear on their wrist to track their sleep. Google says the new Nest Hub will create reports each week that show how long and how well a person sleeps. It will also show if they snore, cough or wake up often. The company said it studied 15,000 people over the course of 110,000 nights to develop the technology. For people who want to know more about their sleep, the device sounds like a good idea. But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering. Jeff Chester is one of those people. He is the director of the Center for Digital Democracy. “Google’s goal is to monetize every cell of your body,” he said. Google recently bought FitBit, a company that makes a health tracker people can wear on their wrist. Some technology experts think Google may find a way for the Nest Hub to work with the FitBit. Google says the sleep tracker has a lot of privacy protections. For example, it will only work if the user turns it on. The company said it will not use a person’s sleep information to try to sell advertising. But Chester said he is not so sure that promise will be kept. 5．Which is true about the Google’s new Nest Hub? A．It’s the first device to track people’s sleep. B．It has some functions as a home assistant. C．It can be available for free for the rest of 2021. D．It is the same as a health tracker produced by FitBit. 6．Why are some people concerned about the Google’s new product? A．Because private information may be let out. B．Because the sleeping problems can’t be solved. C．Because sleep may be interrupted. D．Because sleeping reports may be created each week. 7．What does the underlined word mean? A．Make money on. B．Keep track of. C．Take care of. D．Give away. 8．What’s the best title of the text? A．Google’s New Soli B．Google’s sleep problem solver C．Google’s Newest Nest Hub D．A Sleep Tracker 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谷歌的最新设备NestHub，跟踪用户睡眠是它的功能之一，一些隐私权组织对此表示担忧。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep.(谷歌周二展示了最新的NestHub家庭助理设备。除了识别你的声音，显示图片，视频，新闻和天气，它还可以跟踪你的睡眠)”可知， 谷歌最新的NestHub有一些家庭助理的功能。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段的“But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering.(但是，关注隐私的人担心谷歌会如何处理它收集的信息)”可知，一些人担心该设备会泄漏个人信息，即泄露个人隐私。故选A。 7．词句猜测题。根据第四段的“But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering.(但是，关注隐私的人担心谷歌会如何处理它收集的信息)”和最后一段的“The company said it will not use a person’s sleep information to try to sell advertising.(该公司表示，不会利用一个人的睡眠信息来卖广告)”可知，一些人担心自己的睡眠信息会被谷歌公司用来赚钱。而且Jeff是担心隐私泄露者中的一员，由此推知划线词所在句子意为“谷歌的目标是让你身体的每一个细胞都为它赚钱”，即划线词意为“靠……挣钱”，与make money on同义。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的“Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep.(谷歌周二展示了最新的NestHub家庭助理设备。除了识别你的声音，显示图片，视频，新闻和天气，它还可以跟踪你的睡眠)”结合下文对该设备的介绍，可知本文主要介绍谷歌最新的Nest Hub。故“谷歌最新的Nest Hub”可以作为最佳标题。故选C。 （三） Morgan’s Wonderland, located in San Antonio, Texas, is a theme park mainly intended for mentally or physically disabled children. The park was built by Gordon Hartman, a former real estate (房地产) developer. The creation of the park was inspired by his daughter, Morgan, who suffers from severe cognitive delay and physical challenges. The world’s first ultra-accessible family fun park, Morgan’s Wonderland opened in the spring of 2010. Admission for guests with special needs is free, and fees for the general public are set at a much discounted price so that people of all ages and abilities can come together and play in a fun and safe environment. Completely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres of attractions including rides, playgrounds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas throughout the park. The rides are custom-designed to accommodate wheelchair riders so that every family member can enjoy the fun. The adapted rides include the Off-Road Adventure, where guests can test their driving skills in sporty vehicles. Moreover, each visitor is offered the option to wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allows them to keep track of each other while in the park. The band also enables them to take part in electronic activities. For example, when the riders scan the band at the Off-Road Adventure, a photo will be taken and sent to their email. In June 2017, Morgan’s Wonderland celebrated the opening of Morgan’s Inspiration Island. The new expansion is composed of five themed splash pads and a River Boat Adventure Ride. The wheelchair guests can be moved out of their chairs into unique, waterproof chairs and enjoy the splash park without risking damage to their personal wheelchairs. “Morgan taught me that there’s more to life in many ways than what I saw before,” said Hartman. “The blessing that Morgan has brought is beyond anything that I ever could have imagined and could explain.” 9．What is the passage mainly about? A．The new addition to Morgan’s Wonderland. B．The establishment and features of a special theme park. C．The advanced technological devices in Morgan’s Wonderland D．The needs of people who suffer from physical and mental disabilities. 10．What does “ultra-accessible” in the second paragraph imply? A．It’s easy for all visitors to use the facilities. B．Admission is free for people young and old. C．Wheelchairs are provided for every featured attraction. D．Morgan’s Wonderland is situated in a convenient location. 11．What does the park provide to prevent personal wheelchairs from being damaged? A．Safe Boats. B．Water-resistant cloth. C．GPS bands. D．Special chairs. 12．Which of the following statements is true about Morgan’s Wonderland? A．Waterproof chairs enable visitors to wonder all over the park. B．Morgan’s Inspiration Island includes 25 acres of attractions. C．The success of the park is exactly what Morgan intended to achieve. D．GPS bands allow visitors to enjoy the convenience of the electronic devices. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。摩根仙境位于德克萨斯州的圣安东尼奥，是一个主要为精神或身体残疾儿童开设的主题公园。文章介绍了摩根仙境主题公园的建立和特色。 9．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Morgan’s Wonderland, located in San Antonio, Texas, is a theme park mainly intended for mentally or physically disabled children. The park was built by Gordon Hartman, a former real estate (房地产) developer. The creation of the park was inspired by his daughter, Morgan, who suffers from severe cognitive delay and physical challenges.”（摩根仙境位于德克萨斯州的圣安东尼奥，是一个主要为精神或身体残疾儿童开设的主题公园。公园由前房地产开发商戈登·哈特曼建造。这个公园的灵感来自于他的女儿摩根，她患有严重的认知延迟和身体挑战。）可知，文章主要是讲一个特殊主题公园的建立和特色。故选B。 10．词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和第二句“Completely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres of attractions including rides, playgrounds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas throughout the park. The rides are custom-designed to accommodate wheelchair riders so that every family member can enjoy the fun. ”（整个公园拥有25英亩的游乐设施，包括游乐设施、游乐场、钓鱼湖和野餐区。该游乐设施专为轮椅使用者而设计，让每个家庭成员都能享受其中的乐趣。）可知，ultra-accessible意为所有游客都能很容易地使用这些设备。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据倒第二段最后一句“The wheelchair guests can be moved out of their chairs into unique, waterproof chairs and enjoy the splash park without risking damage to their personal wheelchairs.”（坐轮椅的客人可以从椅子上挪到独特的防水椅子上，在不损坏自己的轮椅的情况下享受水上乐园。）可知，公园提供了特殊的椅子来防止个人轮椅被损坏。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段倒第二句“The band also enables them to take part in electronic activities.”（这个手环还能让他们参与电子活动。）可知，GPS手环可以让游客享受电子设备带来的便利。故选D。 （四） On July 24, 2020, Mike Stout launched his kayak（皮筏艇）just before 8：30 a.m. About 56 miles and 16.5 hours later, he landed on the sandy Michigan shore. It was his second time crossing Lake Michigan. By chance, Stout said, he gave kayaking a try in 2016. Already in good physical condition, he considered kayaking a weekend escape. Then he was challenged by a client of his firm to think bigger. He did go big quickly. Weekend kayak trips were 40, 50 and 60 miles long over the next few months. Then his goal was to cross Lake Michigan that year. On August 3, Stout completed his first crossing of Lake Michigan in 15.5 hours. Since then, he’s finished countless long-distance trips on Minnesota rivers and lakes. In heading back to Lake Michigan last summer, Stout thought he could become the first kayaker to make a round-trip crossing of the Great Lake. He felt capable. He’d put in 800 miles since March 1, 2020-when ice was still on the Minnesota River. Stout wanted to do with manageable winds. Possibilities rose, only to become worse, the lake showing its mercurial nature. Stout realized a single crossing was his best hope. With local police informed of his plans and plenty of food aboard, Stout launched. His plan was to land on the Michigan shore 12.5 hours later. The lake thought otherwise. The winds and waves were working against him, too. Still, he was resolute. Finally he could hear waves crashing on shore. “Never did I have a sense of doubt or fear or worry,” Stout said. Despite the constant, forceful wind, he said the crossing was easier than his others because of his experience. But no less meaningful. The stars, the chance to speak to the heavens, and the hope that his adventure would inspire others-all were fuel to finish. 13．What can we infer about Stout from paragraph 2? A．He challenged his client. B．He intended to escape real life. C．He was organized and determined. D．He set a goal bigger than his capability. 14．What forced Stout to change his journey into a single crossing in 2020? A．His physical state. B．The weather condition. C．The freezing water. D．Warning from local police. 15．What does the underlined word “mercurial” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Changeable. B．Merciful. C．Perfect. D．Balanced. 16．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Weather. B．Adventure. C．Geography. D．Entertainment. 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．A 16．B 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了Mike Stout的密西根湖皮划艇冒险经历。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段第五句和第六句“Weekend kayak trips were 40, 50 and 60 miles long over the next few months. Then his goal was to cross Lake Michigan that year.”（在接下来的几个月里，周末的皮划艇旅行长达40、50和60英里。然后他的目标是那年横渡密歇根湖。）可知，斯托特是很有条理的人。根据第二段第三句和第四句“Then he was challenged by a client of his firm to think bigger. He did go big quickly.”（后来，他公司的一位客户向他提出挑战，要他想更长距离的皮划艇旅行。他的确很快就进行了更长距离的皮划艇旅行。）可知，他是一个很有决心的人。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据倒第二段第一句“Stout wanted to do with manageable winds.”（Stout想要的是易于控制的风。）和第二句中的“only to become worse”（想不到变得更糟）可知，2020年，天气状况迫使斯托特将他的旅程改为单行。故选B。 15．词义猜测题。根据倒第二段第二句中的“only to become worse”（想不到变得更糟）可知，湖面上的天气变得更糟了，所以mercurial意为“多变的”。故选A。 16．推理判断题。文章是讲Stout的密西根湖皮划艇冒险经历，所以应来自报纸的冒险部分。故选B。 （五） There you are, looking through your WeChat moments or your Weibo feed, and you come across a post saying something like this: “I just got accepted to Harvard and 0xford! Are they sure they didn’t mix my applications up with somebody else’s?” This person is clearly humblebragging. The term “humblebrag” was first coined back in 2010 by the late US comedian Harris Wittels, and it describes when someone makes a seemingly modest statement, but the actual purpose is to bring attention to something they are proud of. The example above is a modesty-based humblebrag. The person wants to tell others: “I got accepted to Harvard and Oxford!” However, they don't want to seem too proud of their accomplishments. So, instead, they word it in a way to be more modest and bring down the importance of their achievements. Although people who humblebrag think it will make them more likeable because they aren’t talking proudly about their victories, a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology showed that humblebragging actually has the opposite effect. “Humblebragging doesn’t have the intended result because it seems insincere. That ‘poor me’ attitude combined with self-promotion does not lead to a favorable impression,” said Ovul Sezer, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of organizational behavior at the University of North Carolina, US. “ Even simply bragging or complaining (抱怨) is better, because at least those messages are seen as more sincere.” Sezer’s study also found that nearly 60% of humblebrags were complaint-based humblebragging, with most people humblebragging about their looks, followed by their money or wealth, and finally about their performance at work. “It’s such a common phenomenon. All of us know some people in our lives, whether in the social media or in the workplace, who do this annoying thing,” commented Sezer, adding that we all do it to some extent. So, if you want to share your achievements with others, what’s the best way to do it then? Sezer suggests that people admit their self-promotion and harvest the rewards of being sincere. She also suggests finding a go-between, adding, “If someone brags for you, that’s the best thing that can happen to you, because then you don’t seem like you’re bragging.” 17．The underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．recognized B．invented C．bought D．copied 18．Which of the following can be considered as humblebragging? A．Hesitating to talk about your achievements. B．Bringing people’s attention to your achievements. C．Talking proudly about your achievements in the social media. D．Pretending to be modest when talking about your achievements. 19．What is Sezer’s attitude towards humblebragging? A．Cautious. B．Ambiguous. C．Supportive. D．Disapproving. 20．What does Sezer suggest people do when it comes to sharing achievements? A．Share their achievements with their best friends. B．Bring down the importance of their achievements. C．Find someone else to talk about their achievements. D．Talk about their achievements after someone else does. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．D 20．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了术语“humblebragging”的含义，并对这种行为进行了分析和评价。 17．词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“The term”（术语）和“back in 2010 by the late US comedian Harris Wittels”（早在2010年由已故美国喜剧演员哈里斯·维特尔斯）可知，此处是指“humblebrag”这个术语是由已故美国喜剧演员哈里斯·维特尔斯在2010年发明。coined意为“发明”。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中的“it describes when someone makes a seemingly modest statement, but the actual purpose is to bring attention to something they are proud of”（它描述的是某人做了一个看似谦虚的陈述，但实际目的是让人们注意到他们引以为傲的事情）可知，选项D（在谈论自己的成就时假装谦虚。）可以被认为是“humblebragging”。故选D。 19．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Even simply bragging or complaining (抱怨) is better, because at least those messages are seen as more sincere.”（即使只是简单的吹嘘或抱怨也更好，因为至少这些信息看起来更真诚。）可知，Sezer认为“Humblebragging”很不真诚。所以他的态度是不赞同的。故选D。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“If someone brags for you, that's the best thing that can happen to you, because then you don't seem like you're bragging”（如果有人向你吹嘘，这对你来说是最好的事情，因为这样你看起来就不像是在吹牛）可知，Sezer建议人们在炫耀成就时应该在别人这样做了之后再谈论自己的成就。故选D。 （六） Esports (electronic sports) are organized competitions where players — often referred to as “athletes” — face off against each other in video games. They are not just games in a sense. Actually, they are a sport that can improve the players’ thinking ability, hand-eye coordination, willpower and team spirit. The esports industry has experienced significant growth in recent years around the world, though it’s still in the nascent stage, which means it has huge growth potential going forward. While the assumption is that esports are only a recent phenomenon, in reality the first esports-like event was held back in 1972, when some Stanford University students competed against one another in the game Spacewar. The prize? A year-long subscription to Rolling Stone magazine. The ’80s saw the first true videogame tournament, with over 10,000 players gathering for the Space Invaders Championship. However, most of the period saw that players focused on beating each other’s highest scores rather than competing in organized tournaments. As gaming became more popular, the ’90s became the first decade when esports (a term which wasn’t yet coined) began to really take off, with companies such as Nintendo and Sega holding professional gaming tournaments. This is also when we began to see money becoming a factor in professional gaming. But it is the 1997 Red Annihilation Quake tournament that is considered the world’s first real esports event. Only a few weeks later, the Cyberathlete Professional League was formed — an organization which is considered a pioneer of esports. Due to the normalization of gaming and the Internet (along with technological advances), the real surge ( 激增 ) of esports came in the recent decade. It was then that we began seeing what we now know to be modern-day esports. As streaming platforms such as YouTube took off, people began to show interest in not only playing videogames but watching them too. Popular tournaments now sell out stadiums and professional players can earn millions from prize money, advertising and salaries. 21．What does the underlined word “nascent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Beginning. B．Peak. C．Mature. D．Final. 22．How does the text mainly develop? A．By providing examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By following the order of time. D．By following the order of importance. 23．What can be learned about esports? A．They spread worldwide overnight. B．Prize money appeared in the 1990s. C．The first real esports event was held in 1972. D．The athletes in esports are programmers. 24．What seems to be the author’s viewpoint on modern-day esports? A．They are getting popular. B．They become too commercialized. C．They boost the normalization of the Internet. D．Their development relies on advertising. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子竞技的出现和发展以及现状。 21．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“which means it has huge growth potential going forward”（这意味着它未来有巨大的增长潜力）可知，它还在初期阶段。所以nascent意为“开始的”。故选A。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The esports industry has experienced significant growth in recent years around the world”（近年来，电竞行业在全球范围内经历了显著的增长），第三段第一句“While the assumption is that esports are only a recent phenomenon, in reality the first esports-like event was held back in 1972, when some Stanford University students competed against one another in the game Spacewar. ”（虽然人们认为电子竞技只是最近才出现的现象，但事实上，第一个类似电子竞技的赛事要追溯到1972年，当时斯坦福大学的一些学生在游戏《Spacewar》中相互竞争。），第四段第一句“The ’80s saw the first true videogame tournament, with over 10,000 players gathering for the Space Invaders Championship. ”（80年代出现了第一场真正的电子游戏锦标赛，超过1万名玩家聚集在一起参加太空入侵者锦标赛。），第五段第一句“As gaming became more popular, the ’90s became the first decade when esports (a term which wasn’t yet coined) began to really take off, with companies such as Nintendo and Sega holding professional gaming tournaments.”（随着游戏变得越来越流行，90年代成为电子竞技（这是一个尚未被创造出来的术语）开始真正腾飞的第一个十年，任天堂和世嘉等公司举办了职业游戏锦标赛。）和最后一段第一句“Due to the normalization of gaming and the Internet (along with technological advances), the real surge ( 激增 ) of esports came in the recent decade.”（由于游戏和互联网的正常化(以及技术的进步)，电子竞技真正的激增是在近十年。）可知，文章是按照时间顺序来组织的。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句和第二句“As gaming became more popular, the ’90s became the first decade when esports (a term which wasn’t yet coined) began to really take off, with companies such as Nintendo and Sega holding professional gaming tournaments. This is also when we began to see money becoming a factor in professional gaming. ”（随着游戏变得越来越流行，90年代成为电子竞技（这是一个尚未被创造出来的术语）开始真正腾飞的第一个十年，任天堂和世嘉等公司举办了职业游戏锦标赛。这也是我们开始看到金钱成为职业游戏的一个因素。）可知，电子竞技奖金出现在20世纪90年代。故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Due to the normalization of gaming and the Internet (along with technological advances), the real surge ( 激增 ) of esports came in the recent decade.”（由于游戏和互联网的正常化(以及技术的进步)，电子竞技真正的激增是在近十年。）可知，作者对现代电子竞技的观点是它们越来越流行了。故选A。 （七） The joy of giving is real, according to a study. Research presented in the Journal of the Association for Psychological Science shows that those who give gifts are happier — and happier for longer — than those who receive gifts. Researchers conducted two studies last year. In one，participants were given $5 every day for five days and were required to spend the money on the same thing each day. Some participants were required to spend the money on themselves, while others were required to give to make a donation to charity. In a second experiment that was done online, participants played 10 rounds of a word puzzle game and each won 5 cents per round, which they could keep or donate. In both experiments, participants reported their overall happiness. Those who donated their money showed that their happiness declined at a much slower rate than those who kept the money or spent it on themselves. The researchers note that when people focus on an outcome, they can easily compare outcomes, which may diminish their sensitivity to each experience. When people focus on an action, they may focus less on comparison and instead experience each act of giving as a unique happiness-inducing event. Further analyses ruled out some potential alternative explanations, such as the possibility that participants who gave to others had to think longer and harder about what to give, which could promote higher happiness. The results are especially interesting because according to one of the researchers, Ed O’Brien of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, they conflict with past research. “If you want to sustain happiness over time, past research tells us that we need to take a break from what were currently consuming and experience something new. Our research reveals that the kind of thing may matter more than assumed: Repeated giving, even in identical ways to identical other，may continue to feel relatively fresh and relatively pleasurable the more we do it,” O’Brien said. So for all the holiday gifts you give this season, expect to feel happy and know that feeling is going to stick around for a while. 25．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To lead to the topic. B．To highlight the importance of the study. C．To recommend a journal. D．To persuade people to give gifts regularly. 26．Why did the researchers do two experiments? A．To challenge the past research. B．To rule out different experimental data. C．To show the benefits of donation. D．To make the conclusion more convincing. 27．What does the underlined word “diminish” probably mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Develop. B．Show. C．Reduce. D．Lack. 28．What’s the main finding of the new study? A．Gift giving will result in longer happiness than receiving. B．Thinking longer and harder on giving will promote higher happiness. C．The feeling of happiness will disappear soon if people just give holiday gifts. D．Taking a break from what were currently consuming will sustain happiness. 【答案】25．A 26．D 27．C 28．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文的一项研究表明，给予礼物比接受礼物的人更快乐，快乐的时间更长，并且用实验证明了这一研究结果。 25．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The joy of giving is real, according to a study. Research presented in the Journal of the Association for Psychological Science shows that those who give gifts are happier — and happier for longer — than those who receive gifts. ”（ 一项研究表明，给予的快乐是真实的。发表在《心理科学协会杂志》上的一项研究表明，那些送礼物的人比那些收礼物的人更快乐，而且更快乐的时间更长。）以及下文的实验研究结果都表明送礼物的人比收礼物的人更快乐，而且更快乐的时间更长可推知，第一段的作用是引出主题。故选A。 26．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In both experiments, participants reported their overall happiness. Those who donated their money showed that their happiness declined at a much slower rate than those who kept the money or spent it on themselves.”（在两个实验中，参与者报告了他们的总体幸福感。那些捐了钱的人比那些把钱留着或花在自己身上的人幸福感下降的速度要慢得多。）可知，这两个实验的结果也表明送礼物的人比那些收礼物的人更快乐，故推断这两个实验就是让我们对这个研究结果更信服，故选D。 27．词义猜测题。根据下文“When people focus on an action, they may focus less on comparison and instead experience each act of giving as a unique happiness-inducing event.” 当人们关注行为时，他们可能较少关注比较，而是将每一个给予行为作为一个独特的快乐诱导事件来体验。由此可推断上文当人们关注结果的时候，他们可以很容易地比较结果，这可能会降低他们对每种经历的敏感性。由此猜测“diminish”，意为“降低”，和reduce同义，故选C 28．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Our research reveals that the kind of thing may matter more than assumed: Repeated giving, even in identical ways to identical other, may continue to feel relatively fresh and relatively pleasurable the more we do it” （我们的研究表明，这类事情可能比我们想象的更重要：不断给予，甚至以相同的方式给予相同的人，我们做得越多，可能会持续感到相对新鲜和相对愉悦。）可知，新研究的结论就是给予礼物比接受礼物的人更快乐，故选A。 （八） In Asia, the car is as much a status symbol as it is a means of transport. A car’s design is not the only consideration when a vehicle has to suit the needs of everyone in the family . This is the case for one particular group of drivers: The sandwich generation, who are stuck between caring for their children and caring for their parents. For them, the ‘family car’ is often shared with everyone from the newly licensed teens to adults with their own kids, or grandparents struggling with physical mobility. With differing demands of so many people from boomers to Gen Z, your car has to appeal to all — and keep everyone safe in the event of a car accident. Over 20% of serious driver accidents involving teens were caused by driving too fast for the road conditions. But it isn’t just risky driving behavior that causes teens to be the source of serious road accidents. In fact, according to research conducted by the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, most speed-related teen crashes are due to inexperience and a lack of driving skills rather than intentionally risky driving behavior. It can be challenging for newbie drivers to appropriately judge the proper speed at which to take turns, especially on less-than-perfect roads or driving conditions. Helping them along is Subaru’s Active Torque Vectoring, which makes up for any over-eagerness, ensuring you can take the car through corners in a smooth and safe manner. For seniors with slower reaction, or having difficulty stretching out their neck to check blind spots, being able to quickly avoid danger can be critical. Subaru’s Blind Spot Detection system will alert you if there’s a vehicle in the neighboring lane. What’s more, Subaru’s EyeSight Lane Departure Warning warns the driver if they start to stray by accident from their traffic lane and endanger other vehicles in the neighbouring lane, while the EyeSight Lane Sway Warning system will remind you should you begin to move back and forth in your lane. It can be difficult to find a car that appeals to multiple generations. But there are some things you should never compromise regardless of your age or driving experience. And at the top of that list is safety. 29．According to the text, what is the reason for most speed-related teen crashes? A．Their risky driving behavior on purpose B．Their inability to check blind spots. C．A lack of experience and driving skills D．The busy roads or ideal driving conditions 30．What will help new drivers to take turns at proper speed? A．Subaru’s Active Torque Vectoring B．EyeSight Lane Sway Warning system C．Subaru’s Blind Spot Detection system D．Subaru’s EyeSight Lane Departure Warning 31．What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 5? A．Speed up B．Move away C．Pull over D．Turn around 32．What is the main idea of the text? A．The sandwich generation mainly care about their parents’ demands. B．It is challenging to design a multifunctional car to satisfy everyone. C．It’s extremely important to drive safely no matter how old the drivers are. D．Subaru can ensure driving safety of the drivers ranging from teens to seniors. 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．B 32．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是斯巴鲁的主动扭矩引导系统可以确保从青少年到老年人的驾驶安全。 29．细节理解题。根据第四段中“most speed-related teen crashes are due to inexperience and a lack of driving skills rather than intentionally risky driving behavior.（大多数与速度有关的事故是由于缺乏经验和驾驶技能，而不是故意危险的驾驶行为。）”可知，根据课文，大多数与超速有关的青少年车祸的原因是缺乏经验和驾驶技术。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Helping them along is Subaru’s Active Torque Vectoring, which makes up for any over-eagerness, ensuring you can take the car through corners in a smooth and safe manner.（帮助他们前进的是斯巴鲁的主动扭矩引导系统，它弥补了任何过分急切，确保你的车通过弯道平稳和安全的方式。）”可知，Subaru’s Active Torque Vectoring能帮助新司机以适当的速度轮流驾驶。故选A。 31．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“while the EyeSight Lane Sway Warning system will remind you should you begin to move back and forth in your lane.（当你开始在你的车道上来回移动时，视力车道摇摆预警系统会提醒你。）”可知，他们开始意外地偏离自己的车道，危及邻近车道上的其他车辆。由此推知划线词的意思是“移开，离开”。故选B。 32．主旨大意题。根据第三段“With differing demands of so many people from boomers to Gen Z, your car has to appeal to all — and keep everyone safe in the event of a car accident.”从婴儿潮一代到Z一代，人们的需求各不相同，因此你的汽车必须能吸引所有人，并在发生车祸时确保每个人的安全。根据第五段“It can be challenging for newbie drivers to appropriately judge the proper speed at which to take turns, especially on less-than-perfect roads or driving conditions. Helping them along is Subaru’s Active Torque Vectoring, which makes up for any over-eagerness, ensuring you can take the car through corners in a smooth and safe manner.（对于新手来说，正确判断转弯的合适速度是一项挑战，特别是在不太理想的道路或驾驶条件下。帮助他们前进的是斯巴鲁的主动扭矩引导系统，它弥补了任何过分急切，确保你的车通过弯道平稳和安全的方式。）”可知，本文讲述的是Subaru可以确保从青少年到老年人的驾驶安全。故选D。 （九） Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These then cannot be broken down and digested, and may ultimately kill them. It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Floating plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lota of plastic objects that end up inside turtles are not similar to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of micro-organisms (微生物) which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles to feed. Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, which are released into the air by micro-organism — colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the seaweed and bacteria. Since turtles are known to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming towards their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller indicated that they are following these same chemicals, and are fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are edible. To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 of the animals, each around five months old, to be exposed, in random order, to four smells delivered through a pipe to; the air above an experimental area. The smells were: the vapour from deionised (去离子) water; the smell of turtle-feeding meal; the smell of a clean plastic bottle; and the smell of a similarly plastic bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow seaweed and bacteria to grow on it. Two of the smells-the smell of meal and that of five-week-old bottles-proved far more attractive to the animals than the others. On the face of it, then, the turtles were responding to the smell of old bottles as if it were the smell of food. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be edible-or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not. 33．What is most people's opinion on turtles' special habit? A．Turtles prefer jellyfish to plastics. B．Turtles enjoy the taste of plastics. C．Turtles like being fed with plastic tools. D．Turtles choose to eat plastics for a mistake. 34．What does the underlined word “edible" in paragraph 3 mean? A．Fit to eat. B．Pleasant to smell. C．Far to reach. D．Easy to digest. 35．What can we infer from Dr. Pfaller's research? A．Many seabirds can track the food. B．Most animals find food through smells. C．Two smells are especially favored by turtles. D．The favored smell leads turtles to seek for food. 36．Why did the author mention the unpolluted ocean at last? A．To explain why the ocean is polluted. B．To ask for people to feed turtles proper food. C．To arouse the awareness of protecting the ocean. D．To show his agreement on Dr. Pfaller's research. 【答案】33．D 34．A 35．D 36．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。海龟有一个不幸的习惯，就是吃漂浮在海里的塑料制品。研究人员对这种现象背后的原因进行了分析和研究。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity.(人们普遍认为，这种对塑料的特殊喜爱是一种错误的身份认同)”可知，大部分人认为乌龟的特殊喜好是因为错误的认知。故选D。 34．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“are fooled into thinking”可知，此处是指乌龟被愚弄，认为漂浮的塑料制品是可以吃的。由此推知，划线词edible意为“可以吃的”。故选A。 35．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Since turtles are known to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming towards their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller indicated that they are following these same chemicals(因为众所周知，海龟在游向它们的觅食区域时，会浮出水面，嗅闻空气，普法勒博士指出，它们也在追随同样的化学物质)”可知，海龟喜欢的气味会让它们去寻找食物。故选D。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be edible-or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not. (在未受污染的海洋里，任何有这种气味的东西都是可以食用的，或者至少是无害的。不幸的是，五个星期前的塑料瓶和类似的东西却不是)”可知，此处是指在未受污染的海洋里不管海龟吃了什么有这种气味的东西都是无害的，但是在被污染的海洋里就不是这样，所以我们应该保护海洋。所以作者在最后提到未受污染的海洋是为了唤起保护海洋的意识。故选C。 （十） Take a look at your fingers. Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can predict your personality? I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have to admit that it was spot-on for me. Look at your three middle fingers of your left hand. Is your index finger (食指) longer than your ring finger? Is your ring finger longer than your index finger? Or are the two the same length? Category 1: A longer ring finger. If your ring finger is longer than your index finger, research shows that you’re likely a charming type, and you can probably talk yourself out of any situation. Others often find this personality type irresistible and will go to great lengths to help you. You’re more likely to take risks, and you’re good at problem-solving. People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and crossword-puzzle solvers. Category 2: A longer index finger. If your index finger is longer than your ring finger, chances are you are full of confidence — possibly even to the point of being over-confident and too proud. You are not necessarily introverted, but you do enjoy time to yourself especially when you’re trying to complete a project. You are a determined go-getter who can make things happen, but you may be shy when it comes to taking the first step in building up a friendship. You are also probably happy with what you have, but you’re always wishing for more. Category 3: The two are the same length. If your index finger and ring finger are roughly the same length, you are likely to avoid conflict at all costs and seek to keep the peace in your relationships. You are well-organized, faithful and sympathetic. But deep down under all of that caring and peace-loving, you also have a fiery core (暴躁的本质) and can lash out unexpectedly when you’re pushed too far. How well did these descriptions match your personality? I was surprised at the accuracy in my case. 37．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Never believe the silly tests on Facebook. B．The length of fingers can reveal personality. C．Why your fingers are not of the same length. D．How to find out about one’s personality accurately. 38．What does the underlined word “spot-on” in Paragraph1 mean? A．Very funny. B．Quite easy. C．Exactly correct. D．Completely strange. 39．According to the passage, people with a longer ring finger tend to be ________. A．cautious B．catching C．hard-working D．warm-hearted 40．Which is a suitable match for “Category 3” people? A．The sweet talker. B．The self-important one. C．The introvert. D．The peacemaker. 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．B 40．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们通过对一个人五个手指的长短以及相互比较来发现其性格特征。 37．主旨大意题。由第一段“Take a look at your fingers. Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can predict your personality? I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have to admit that it was spot-on for me. (看看你的手指。如果我告诉你手指的长度可以预测你的性格，你会相信我吗？我知道这听起来像是你在Facebook上看到的那些愚蠢的测试之一，但我不得不承认，这对我来说是恰到好处的。)”和下文关于三类手指暗示不同的性格特征可知，文章主要讲人们通过对一个人无名指与食指之间的长短关系比较，来发现其性格特征和职业方向，B项“手指的长度可以显示个性”符合文意。故选B项。 38．词义猜测题。由第一段“Take a look at your fingers. Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can predict your personality? I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have to admit that it was spot-on for me. (看看你的手指。如果我告诉你手指的长度可以预测你的性格，你会相信我吗？我知道这听起来像是你在Facebook上看到的那些愚蠢的测试之一，但我不得不承认，这对我来说是spot-on。)”可知，作者提问如果他告诉你手指的长度可以预测你的性格，你会相信他吗，虽然这看起来有点蠢，但结合作者下文对三类手指暗示不同的性格特征的描述可知，作者是相信手指的长度可以预测人的性格的，这对作者来说是完全正确的，spot-on在此处意为“完全正确”。故选C项。 39．细节理解题。由第三段中的“If your ring finger is longer than your index finger, research shows that you’re likely a charming type, and you can probably talk yourself out of any situation. (如果你的无名指比食指长，研究表明，你很可能是一个迷人的类型，你可能会说服自己摆脱任何情况。)”可知，无名指较长的人往往是吸引人的类型。故选B项。 40．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Category 3: The two are the same length. If your index finger and ring finger are roughly the same length, you are likely to avoid conflict at all costs and seek to keep the peace in your relationships. (第三类：两者长度相同。如果你的食指和无名指的长度大致相同，你很可能不惜一切代价避免冲突，并寻求在人际关系中保持和平。)”可知，“3类”人群会不惜一切代价避免冲突，并寻求在人际关系中保持和平，这类人往往不愿意得罪人，应该是和事佬。故选D项。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $