Welcome Unit Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语句子成分及基本句式结构核心知识点，通过教材及外研、译林版真实例句引导学生感知，再以表格系统梳理主语、谓语等7大成分的意义、位置及可充当词，进而详解8种基本句式结构规则，形成“感知实例-总结规则-应用练习”的完整学习支架。 该资料以真实教材语境提升语言能力，表格化呈现培养思维逻辑性，语法与写作结合的练习强化学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后通过句子成分分析、句式改写等练习帮助学生查漏补缺，有效巩固语法知识应用。

Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures 句子成分及基本句式结构 要义详析 探究语法 一、句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。 感知经典 （1）（教材P6）We had chemistry in the newly built lab. 我们在新建的实验室上化学课。 （2）（外研必修一U1）It's your turn！ 轮到你了！ （3）（外研必修一U1）The big day finally arrived. 这一重大的日子终于到来了。 （4）They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。 （5）（译林必修一U1）Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 设定目标能让你在生活中有一个明确的方向。 （6）The girl in red is running fast. 那个穿红衣服的女孩跑得很快。 明悉规则 句子成分包括以下几类： 成分 意义 位置 可充当词 主语S（Subject） 句子的描述对象即为句子的主语，说明动作由“谁”发出 位于句首 名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式、从句等 谓语V（Verb） 谓语对主语进行描述，必须体现为某一时态形式，与主语在人称和数上须保持一致 主语后 实义动词（V）和系表结构（VP） 宾语O（Object） 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或介词后 名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式、从句等 直接宾语DO（Direct Object） 表示动作的直接承受者或后果，一般是物 动词后 名词、代词 间接宾语IO（IndirectObject） 表示动作是向某人或为某人做的，一般是人 动词后 名词、代词 表语P（Predicative） 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 系动词后 名词（短语）、形容词（短语）、介词短语、分词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、从句等 宾语补足语OC（Object Complement） 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 宾语后 名词（短语）、形容词（短语）、介词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、分词（短语）等 定语Attrib（Attributive） 修饰、限定名词或代词 被修饰词的前面或后面 名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、从句等 状语Ad（Adverbial） 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置灵活 副词、介词（短语）、名词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、从句等 二、基本句式结构 1.主语+谓语（S+V） 感知经典 （1）He has gone. 他已经走了。 （2）My tooth aches. 我牙痛。 （3）The boy's dream came true. 那个男孩的梦想实现了。 明悉规则 此结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态，其特点为谓语动词或动词短语能表达完整的意思，它们是不及物动词（短语），动词后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。 2.主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O） 感知经典 （1）（教材P4）I miss my friends from junior high school. 我想念我初中的朋友们。 （2）（译林必修一U1）You will live a happy life. 你会过上幸福的生活。 （3）Their answers also show that they dislike talking to others. 他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢与他人交谈。 明悉规则 此结构中谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须在后面跟一个宾语（动作的承受者）才能表达完整的意思，宾语可以由表示人或物的名词、代词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、从句等来充当。 3.主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P） 感知经典 （1）（教材P4）I'm not outgoing so I'm a little anxious right now. 我性格并不外向，所以现在感觉有点儿焦虑。 （2）（教材P4）The class was difficult, but the teacher was kind and friendly. 这节课（内容）很难，但老师很友善。 （3）She looked a little annoyed. 她看起来有点儿生气。 明悉规则 此结构侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语是“系动词+表语”，表语可以是形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式及分词等。 4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO） 感知经典 （1）（教材P4）He even told us a funny story. 他甚至还给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 （2）I bought John a birthday gift. 我给约翰买了一份生日礼物。 （3）He showed me how to run the machine. 他向我展示如何运作这台机器。 （4）I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他公共汽车晚点了。 明悉规则 双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在，它和直接宾语组成双宾语。双宾语的常见结构： （1）bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sb.sth.=bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sth.to sb. （2）buy/make sb.sth.=buy/make sth.for sb. 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC） 感知经典 （1）（教材P4）I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好并且乐于助人。 （2）I heard him singing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （3）He asked me to come back soon. 他让我尽快回来。 明悉规则 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的身份、地位或所处的状态。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。该结构常用于以下三类动词： （1）keep、make、let、have、leave、get等使役动词； （2）see、watch、notice、observe、find、catch、look at、listen to、hear、feel、smell等感官动词（短语）； （3）ask、tell、order、request、permit、persuade等。 6.主语+谓语+状语（S+V+Ad） 感知经典 （1）His father has gone abroad. 他的父亲已经出国了。 （2）They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半小时。 （3）The time passed quickly. 时间过得很快。 明悉规则 状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）。可作状语的有副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、从句等。 7.主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+Ad） 感知经典 （1）（教材P4）I just had my first maths class at senior high school! 我刚刚上完高中的第一节数学课！ （2）He brought his brother to see me. 他带他的弟弟来看我。 （3）The car turned the corner too fast. 这辆汽车转弯太快了。 明悉规则 此结构的谓语动词通常是及物动词（短语）；介词短语、动词不定式、副词、名词短语、分词、从句等在句中作状语。 8.There be句型 感知经典 （1）（教材P4）But I believe I will make new friends here, and there's a lot to explore at senior high. 但我相信我在这里会交到新朋友，而且高中有许多事物等着我去探索。 （2）There seems to be a car under the tree. 树下好像有一辆汽车。 （3）There goes the bell. Let's go into the lecture hall. 铃声响了。让我们进入演讲大厅吧。 明悉规则 在There be句型中，be后面的名词作主语，该句型中谓语动词的单复数形式与其邻近的名词保持一致；谓语动词有时可用表示存在的其他动词（短语），如live、stand、lie、seem/appear to be、happen to be、 used to be等。 课堂微练 即时检验 Ⅰ.写出下列句子的句式结构 1．The students agreed._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语 2．My sister is writing a letter._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+宾语 3．The teacher heard a student singing a song._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 4．My teacher gave me a book._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 5．His face turned red._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+系动词+表语 6．There are many customs in the village._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]There be 句型 7．A sports meeting will be held in our school next month._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+状语 8．I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]主语+谓语+宾语+状语 Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．We've painted the walls. They're bright yellow.（用“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构合并两句） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]We've painted the walls bright yellow. 2．We gave him. We gave a book.（用“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构合并两句） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]We gave him a book. 3．The sun rises. The sun is in the east.（用“主语+谓语+状语”结构合并两句） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]The sun rises in the east. 4．We have physics. The place is in the new classroom.（用“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”结构合并两句） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]We have physics in the new classroom. 5．A 100-year-old man is in the village.（用“There be”句型改写） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]There is a 100-year-old man in the village. 课后巩固 多维提能 ［基础知识巩固练］ 维度一 写出下列句中加黑部分在句中所作的成分 1．The manager made them work hard._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]宾语补足语 2．The students are playing basketball on the playground._ _ _ _ [答案]谓语 3．The best method of keeping slim is to do exercise regularly._ _ _ _ [答案]表语 4．He gave me a basket full of eggs._ _ _ _ [答案]定语 5．When she was 12 years old, she started to learn Chinese._ _ _ _ [答案]状语 6．He took money from his pocket to buy a newspaper._ _ _ _ [答案]宾语 7．The teacher should encourage his students to think differently._ _ _ _ [答案]谓语 8．Making great progress in your new school will be not so easy for you._ _ _ _ [答案]主语 9．The activity is both wonderful and attractive._ _ _ _ [答案]表语 10．After he graduated from college, he began to live in Dalian._ _ _ _ [答案]状语 11．I'd like to advise you to communicate with your friends in English._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]宾语补足语 12．It will give you an opportunity to achieve a long-term goal._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]间接宾语 13．You are supposed to introduce your friend to us._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]直接宾语 14．He took a notebook from his bag to write down some ideas._ _ _ _ [答案]状语 维度二 语法与写作 1．我听说他儿子负责这个重要的项目。（主语+谓语+宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]I hear that his son is responsible for the important project. 2．前不久我姑姑给我买了各种各样的书。（主语+谓语+宾语+状语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]My aunt bought various books for me the other day. 3．保持自然界的平衡对我们来说真的很重要。（主语+系动词+表语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]Keeping the balance of nature is really important for us. 4．大厅里有一些客人在等待。（There be句型） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]There are some guests waiting in the hall. 5．看！那些运动员跑得非常快。（主语+谓语+状语） Look! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [答案]Those players are running very fast. 6．在过去的十年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。（主语+谓语+状语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the last 10 years. [答案]Great changes have taken place in my hometown 7．我们班有24位女生和30位男生。（There be句型） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in our class. [答案]There are 24 girls and 30 boys 8．当我遇到困难时，我的挚友总是帮助我。（主语+谓语+宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when I have difficulties. [答案]My best friend always helps me 9．昨天，我们的英语老师给我们讲了一个关于勇敢女孩的故事。（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语） _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about a brave girl yesterday. [答案]Our English teacher told us a story 10．作为一名高中生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的学科。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语） As a high school student, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ． [答案]I consider English a very important subject 维度三 写出下面的语篇中画线部分的句式结构 It was the first day of my senior high school, so 1.I felt excited when I got up early in the morning.2.I had a quick breakfast and then rushed to school. Walking into the campus, I was surprised at the modern facilities. I didn't know where my classroom was. Luckily, 3.a kind-hearted boy showed me the way.4.His good behaviour made me very thankful. To my surprise, Martin, my former deskmate, and I were in the same class.5.We hugged each other tightly. We were talking about something happily when the teacher came in. [答案] 1．主语+系动词+表语 2．主语+谓语+宾语 3．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 4．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 5．主语+谓语+宾语+状语 维度四 语篇填空 Good morning, everyone！1.   （很荣幸→SVP） for me to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Serena and 2.   （我十五岁了→SVP）. 3.   （我来自威海市→SVO）which is a beautiful coast place. I wish you can visit it and I believe that 4.   （你会印象深刻→SVP）.English classics and movies are my favourites 5.   （它们能帮助我学习和放松→SVOOC）.6.   （我喜欢交朋友→SVO）, especially the ones who share common interests with me. And I think we can have much to share and talk about.7.   （我希望能和我的朋友们一起进步→SVOA）. Thank you. [答案] 1．It's a great honour 2．I'm fifteen years old 3．I come from Weihai 4．you will be impressed 5．which can help me learn and relax 6．I like making friends 7．I hope to make progress with my friends ［综合能力提升练］ Ⅰ.阅读理解 [（2025·云南玉溪一中高一月考）]A Discover exciting optional courses （选修课） at our school and join us to explore your interests and develop new skills! Podcasting （播客）101 Dive into the active world of podcasting and improve your speaking and technical skills. This course offers hands-on training in making interesting videos on topics of your choice. A perfect stage to express yourself and learn the ropes of digital （数字的） storytelling. ·Schedule: Fridays, 4:30 PM-5:15 PM ·Requirements: Please bring a USB stick Easy Carpentry（木工） Release （释放） your creativity and manual skills with our Easy Carpentry workshop. Learn the basics of carpentry, including the safe use of tools, as you create functional and decorative items like tables, birdhouses and musical boxes. ·Schedule: Mondays, 3:30 PM-4:30 PM ·Requirements: Safety glasses required Show Choir Explore the art of singing performance and dance routines in our Show Choir program. Take part in singing and dancing to a variety of lively songs. Work together with other members to stage an impressive end-of-term performance. This program is a fantastic opportunity to make new friends. ·Schedule: Thursdays, 1:00 PM-1:45 PM ·Requirements: No items necessary Yoga and You Start a journey of self-discovery and relaxation with our Yoga and You class. Practice standing and balancing like trees and mountains to become more flexible and feel happier. Yoga promotes better sleep and a healthier figure. ·Schedule: Wednesdays, 4:00 PM-5:00 PM ·Requirements: Please bring a towel and a yoga mat 1．What skill will students develop in Podcasting 101? A. Performing first aid. B. Giving speeches on stage. C. Creating short films. D. Debating on heated topics. 2．When can a student learn to make a hand-made decoration? A. Fridays, 4:30 PM-5:15 PM. B. Mondays, 3:30 PM-4:30 PM. C. Thursdays, 1:00 PM-1:45 PM. D. Wednesdays, 4:00 PM-5:00 PM. 3．Which course suits those who enjoy both physical activity and teamwork? A. Podcasting 101. B. Easy Carpentry. C. Show Choir. D. Yoga and You. [答案] 1．C 2．B 3．C [解析] 1．细节理解题。根据Podcasting 101部分中的“This course offers hands-on training in making interesting videos on topics of your choice.”可知，在播客101课程中，学生将培养创作短片的技能。 2．细节理解题。根据Easy Carpentry部分中的“Learn the basics of carpentry...birdhouses and musical boxes.”可知，在简单木工课程中，学生可以学习制作手工装饰，上课时间为周一下午3:30至4:30。 3．细节理解题。根据Show Choir部分中的“Take part in singing and dancing...impressive end-of-term performance.”可知，在表演合唱团课程中，学生需要表演歌舞、和其他成员合作，因此它适合那些既喜欢体育活动又喜欢团队合作的人。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四门令人兴奋的选修课程，包括其课程内容、上课时间和要求等信息。 [（2025·保定高一检测）]B When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it would need interactions with others. But later, I was amazed when I got to experience it firsthand. Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer （同龄人） review. I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work by myself. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I had done something that I thought was nearly impossible—it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of my mistakes and told me where I could give more details. One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I've always loved public speaking, but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and encouraged me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be. Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-working culture that allows us to push our boundaries （界限） and keep going. It creates a sense of community since we are all working towards a similar goal. As an active boy, I have always been ahead, but in a normal classroom, there are limitations on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new knowledge when I'm ready. I have ownership of my work and can pursue my goals. Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom. 4．What was the author's response to Summit Learning at first? A. He was unwilling to attend it. B. He was excited to take part in it. C. He was surprised to hear about it. D. He was unhappy to give it up. 5．How did the poetry project benefit the author? A. It boosted his confidence. B. It developed his sense of humour. C. It reminded him to be independent. D. It taught him how to organise activities. 6．What can be inferred about Summit Learning? A. It proves the limits of one's abilities. B. It teaches poetry in a normal classroom. C. It transforms the traditional way of learning. D. It promotes diversity of classroom objectives. 7．How does the author find Summit Learning now? A. Demanding. B. Worthwhile. C. Upsetting. D. Traditional. [答案] 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B [解析] 4．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,当作者第一次听说顶峰学习项目时,他很不乐意参加。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,诗歌项目增强了作者的自信。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段和第五段内容可知,顶峰学习项目改变了传统的学习方式。 7．观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者认为顶峰学习项目是值得参与的。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参与顶峰学习项目的经历。 [（2025·怀化湖天中学开学考）]C I think the biggest difference between middle and high school is the homework load （工作量） and size of the school. I went from maybe fifteen minutes of homework a night to several hours, so I had to learn how to make full use of time! Our class size is around 550, but joining in clubs, sports, music, and other activities at school makes it easier to get to know people in every grade. The best advice I can give about the years you spend in high school is to learn things for yourself, not just to get a good grade. There have been so many tests that I've prepared for the night before. I have gotten an A, and not remembered anything later. I've changed that this year, and I enjoy school so much more. Don't take easy classes just to have a simple year. If you have a choice between chemistry and sports, the first will prove to be a lot more useful! While there might be many bad behaviours in some middle schools, they're also around in high schools. I have several friends who promised they'd never have bad habits, but they are now partying every weekend. If you have “fun” and spend your nights partying instead of studying, you will regret it when you're applying for （申请） college. The “friends” who say you're a loser for not partying are really not your friends at all. It's hard to see your closest friends grow apart and go in different directions, but don't follow their footsteps. Create your own path in life and make your own decisions. 8．What does the author think of high school? A. It requires hard work. B. There are very few activities. C. It's hard to meet new people there. D. There isn't enough time for homework. 9．What does the author advise high school students to do? A. Give up sports. B. Choose useful classes. C. Try their best to get good grades. D. Get ready for tests the night before. 10．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. The importance of making friends. B. Not losing ourselves in high school. C. Not going to any party in high school. D. The trouble caused by bad behaviours. 11．Who do you think probably writes this passage? A. A sports player. B. A college student. C. A chemistry teacher. D. A high school student. [答案] 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D [解析] 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I went from maybe fifteen minutes...how to make full use of time!”可知，作者认为高中阶段需要努力学习。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If you have a choice between chemistry and sports, the first will prove to be a lot more useful!”可知，作者建议高中学生选择有用的课程。 10．段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“If you have ‘fun’ and spend your nights...but don't follow their footsteps.”可知,本段主要告诉我们在高中的学习生活中,不要迷失了自我。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，这篇文章可能是一个高中生写的。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中阶段的注意事项，并给出了一些相应的建议。 Ⅱ.七选五 Starting the first year of senior high school can seem like a difficult situation.1.   Senior high school is a lot of fun if you know what to do. The following advice will help you live an enjoyable senior high school life. Stay organised. Being organised was important in junior high school. Since senior high school is a bit more difficult， you need to be more organised.2.   That planner will become your life saver. 3.   Some of your classmates may always want to compare their scores with yours. There are two reasons why you shouldn't be one of these people. The first is that they're annoying. The second is that comparing your scores with others' doesn't decide anything about you. Remember one test grade does not decide your whole future. 4.   Maybe you don't do so well at the start of the school year. That's fine! As long as you know that you're trying your best to do well in school， you will do well in the future! Don't be afraid to ask for help. It can be awkward to ask for help when so much stress is placed on， but remember that you are still just a freshman. 5.   Asking for help is completely normal. A.Don't compare yourself with others. B.But in fact it is so easy to deal with. C.Learn from these experiences if they happen. D.Always have a planner to tell you what you should do. E.Stay organised and prepared， and you will be less anxious. F.Not doing well during a stressful time of the year is normal. G.You're really young and still don't know how the whole school works. [答案] 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．F 5．G [解析] 1．根据空前“Starting the first year...a difficult situation.”可知，高中的第一年似乎是困难的，再根据空后“Senior high school...what to do.”可知，高中生活也可以是很有趣的，因此空处是说要克服第一年的困难是简单的。B项承上启下，符合语境。 2．根据空后“That planner will become your life saver.”可知，此处说明了规划簿带来的好处，空处内容应与规划簿相关。D项引起下文，符合语境。 3．空处是本段小标题，根据空后“Some of your classmates...one of these people.”可知，本段主要说明了不要与他人比较。A项概括了本段主要内容，符合语境。 4．根据空后“Maybe you don't do...That's fine！”可知，在新学年开始的时候表现不太好是可以接受的。空处内容应与有时表现不好是正常的相关。F项引起下文，符合语境。 5．根据空前“It can be awkward...just a freshman.”可知，当你觉得要寻求帮助很尴尬时，记住自己是一个新生。G项承上启下，符合语境。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应对高中第一年的困难的方法。 Ⅲ.语法填空 I am taught by many teachers in my school. Every subject has 1.   different teacher, but I like my math teacher best. Her name is Lakshmi, but we usually call 2.   （she） Ma'am. She is our class teacher,too. Ma'am 3.   （join） us last term. She is very kind and her method of teaching is so 4.   （interest） and simple that we all can understand what is being taught. Most 5.   （important）,Ma'am teaches us with great patience.6.   we do not understand a problem,she will spend extra time 7.   （explain） it until we understand it. And we can go to her at any time during school hours for help. She also helps us with 8.   （activity） at school. When there is some kind of programme, she will be there to help us to get ready 9.   the show. Even when we go on a picnic, she takes good care of us. To me, Ma'am is not only a good teacher,10.   also my best friend. I love Ma'am and I wish her a happy life. [答案] 1．a 2．her 3．joined 4．interesting 5．importantly 6．When/Whenever/If 7．explaining 8．activities 9．for 10．but [解析] 1．考查冠词。teacher是可数名词,此处表泛指，表示“一个不同的老师”,且different的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词a。 2．考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处在call后作宾语,指代Lakshmi,应用人称代词的宾格。 3．考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，join作谓语,与主语Ma'am之间为主动关系,且根据时间状语last term可知,应用一般过去时。 4．考查形容词。空处修饰事物,应用形容词interesting，意为“有趣的”。 5．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰整个句子,在句中作状语,应用副词形式。 6．考查从属连词。结合句意可知,此处表示“当/每当/如果我们不理解某个问题（时）,她会花额外的时间来解释它,直到我们理解为止”。空处应用连词when或whenever或if。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。 7．考查非谓语动词。spend+时间/金钱+（in） doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“花时间/金钱做某事”。 8．考查名词复数。activity指“为达到一定目的而进行的活动”时是可数名词,这里指不止一次活动,应用名词复数形式。 9．考查介词。get ready for为固定搭配,意为“为……做准备”。 10．考查固定用法。not only...but also...为固定用法,意为“不仅……而且……”。 【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的老师对学生们的帮助和影响。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $