Unit 1 Food for thought单元话题阅读理解练习-2025-2026学年高一英语外研版必修第二册

Unit 1 Food for thought 单元话题阅读理解 Unit 1 Food for thought单元话题：饮食 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve moods by stimulating (刺激) the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are. Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food. They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call it a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods—but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked. In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time. The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to deal with emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances (例子) to be the exception rather than the rule. 1．Which aspect of comfort food do Traci Mann’s studies focus on? A．The degree to which it lifts moods. B．Its role in reducing negativity. C．The means by which it affects moods. D．Its influence on physical health. 2．How were the studies carried out? A．By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods. B．By watching students’ different reactions to foods. C．By collecting data about people from all walks of life. D．By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions. 3．The underlined word “indulge” in the last paragraph probably means A．Avoid B．enjoy casually C．give up D．criticize strictly 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Comfort Food Tends to Be Unhealthy B．Happiness from Comfort Food C．Comfort Food May Not Work Wonders D．The Science behind Comfort Food 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，安慰食物虽能轻微改善情绪，但效果并不优于其他喜欢的食物或单纯的时间流逝，且无法解决根本情绪问题，人们应仅偶尔享用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods.( 研究人员调查了安慰性食物在多大程度上改善了情绪。)”可知，Traci Mann的研究集中在安慰性食物在多大程度上改善了情绪。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call it a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.  In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything — most likely just due to the passage of time.( 所有的学生都在两个不同的场合完成了这项研究，一次是在他们可以吃到安慰食物的时候，另一次是在他们可以吃到另一种他们喜欢的食物的时候，但他们不会把它叫做安慰食物。研究人员发现，安慰食物确实改善了学生们的情绪，但只是一点点，并没有比他们喜欢的其他食物更多。在另一项研究中，将安慰食物与不吃食物进行比较，学生们的情绪似乎有所改善，即使他们不吃任何东西——很可能只是由于时间的推移。)”可知，这些研究是通过比较学生在不同场合的感受来进行的。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Of course, everyone can… in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances (例子) to be the exception rather than the rule.( 当然，每个人都可以……一种安慰性的食物，但总的来说，这些情况是例外，而不是规则。)”由此可知，“偶尔为之、非常态”暗示“适度享受”，“indulge”在此处为中性词，意为“偶尔享用、放纵一下”。B选项“enjoy casually(偶尔享受)”符合语境。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.( 有一些有趣的研究将食物作为一种安慰的来源。然而，这项研究最有趣的事情可能是，食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰。)”可知，第一段点明核心观点“食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰”，后续研究证明安慰食物仅能轻微改善情绪，且效果不优于其他喜欢的食物或单纯的时间流逝，无法解决情绪问题。由此可知，文章的合适标题是“安慰食物可能不会产生奇迹”。故选C项。 In Jingdezhen, there’s a street-food stall that has become the talk of the town. The stall is run by Li Junyong, who sells delicious fried chicken cutlets. However, people flock to his stall not just for the tasty food. They come because his stall operates under some really clever and unique rules. Everyone affectionately calls him “Chicken Cutlet Bro”, and he has gained fame for his kind heart and smart business ideas. The most notable rule is designed for students. Every afternoon at 4:30, Mr. Li stops serving other customers and reserves that time exclusively for students from the nearby school. Why does he do this? He says he has made a promise to the students to always have a warm snack ready for them when their classes end. He believes that the students’ happiness is of great importance, so other patrons have to wait. Mr. Li also aims to be highly efficient. To save time, he has a signature phrase that all his customers know well. Politely, he always says, “Please open your plastic bag.” This simple request helps him pack the chicken cutlets more quickly, so the hungry students don’t have to wait for too long. It’s a small rule, but it makes a significant difference. And he even has an amusing rule regarding quality. If a chicken cutlet isn’t cooked to perfection, he gives it to the customer for free. He wants every customer to get the best — tasting food from his stall. These special rules make buying chicken cutlets from Mr. Li a fun and pleasant experience. Customers feel that they get more than just food; they also receive a smile and excellent service. His kind and clever rules have turned his small stall into the most popular spot in the town. 1．What word can be used to replace the underlined word in Paragraph 1? A．Seriously. B．Confidently. C．Lovingly. D．Curiously. 2．Which of the following statements about “Chicken Cutlet Bro” is right? A．He doesn’t serve patrons until 4:30. B．He cares about students very much. C．Customers come to his stall for excellent food and drinks. D．Customers don’t have to open their plastic bags by themselves. 3．Why does Mr. Li save time for students every afternoon at 4:30? A．To make more money. B．To attract more customers. C．To show off his efficiency. D．To keep a promise to students. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The best chicken cutlet ever B．The success of Chicken Cutlet Bro C．A famous city and its treasures D．The special rules of Chicken Cutlet Bro 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在景德镇，一个卖炸鸡排的小摊因其独特且贴心的经营规则而受到大家的喜爱，摊主李俊勇被大家亲切地称为“鸡排哥”。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Everyone affectionately calls him “Chicken Cutlet Bro”, and he has gained fame for his kind heart and smart business ideas. (每个人都affectionately地称他为“鸡排哥”，他因心地善良和聪明的商业想法而声名远扬)”中“Chicken Cutlet Bro”和“his kind heart”可推知，人们是带着喜爱之情称呼李俊勇为“鸡排哥”，所以“affectionately”意思是“亲切地，喜爱地”，与C项“Lovingly”意思相近。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The most notable rule is designed for students. Every afternoon at 4:30, Mr. Li stops serving other customers and reserves that time exclusively for students from the nearby school. Why does he do this? He says he has made a promise to the students to always have a warm snack ready for them when their classes end. (最引人注目的规则是为学生设计的。每天下午4点半，李先生停止接待其他顾客，专门为附近学校的学生预留这段时间。他为什么这么做？他说他向学生们承诺，当他们下课的时候，总会为他们准备好热的小吃)”可知，他专门预留接待学生的时间，说明他非常关心学生。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He says he has made a promise to the students to always have a warm snack ready for them when their classes end. (他说他向学生们承诺，当他们下课的时候，总会为他们准备好热的小吃)”可知，李先生每天下午4点半为学生预留时间是为了履行对学生的承诺。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“However, people flock to his stall not just for the tasty food. They come because his stall operates under some really clever and unique rules. (然而，人们蜂拥到他的摊位不仅仅是为了美味的食物。他们来是因为他的摊位有一些非常聪明和独特的规则)”、第二段中“The most notable rule is designed for students.(最值得注意的规定是为学生设计的)”和最后一段中“These special rules make buying chicken cutlets from Mr. Li a fun and pleasant experience.(这些特殊的规定使得从李先生那里购买鸡块成为一种有趣而愉快的经历)”可知，文章主要介绍了“鸡排哥”摊位上那些特别的规定，这些规定让他的摊位变得非常受欢迎，所以D选项“The special rules of Chicken Cutlet Bro (“鸡排哥”的特殊规定)”是文章最佳标题。故选D项。 A nutrient-rich (营养丰富) diet with few added sugars may slow rates of biological aging in women, a new research suggests. Scientists found that middle-aged women who ate more foods packed with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants (抗氧化物) had “younger-looking” cells than those who had less healthy diets. They judged whether a cell was young by looking at methyl (甲基) groups, on the surface of DNA． The pattern of these methyl groups changes as we age, which is believed to increase cellular aging. “Sugars are linked to worsened health and early disease possibly more than any other food factor.” co-author Elissa Epel, a professor at the University of California, said in a statement. Epel and her colleagues analyzed food records of 342 women over three days. The team then scored each woman’s diet based on how closely it followed various established diets: While nutrient-rich diets were tied to slowed aging, added sugars seemed to control the effect. In the study, women who consumed higher amounts of added sugars showed signs of faster cellular aging compared to others, even if they ate other healthy diets. “Added sugars” refer to sugars that are added to food during production such as those in sugared drinks and baked goods, as opposed to the naturally occurring sugars found in milk, fruits and vegetables. The new study is one of the first to demonstrate a link between added sugar consumption and cellular aging, the authors said. The team calculated the participants’ ages by looking at the DNA methylation of cells with samples. These data showed the links between diet and cellular aging, but they were only a tip of the iceberg. In fact, more research is needed to assess how following these diets might affect aging in the long run. 1．What can we learn from the study? A．A balanced diet is linked to people’s health. B．A low-sugar healthy diet may delay women’s aging. C．The sugary food has no effect on the women’s body. D．The added sugars slow down people’s biological aging. 2．Which of the following food may make cells age faster according to paragraph 3? A．Pure milk. B．Chinese cabbage. C．Birthday cakes. D．Fresh watermelons. 3．How did Epel and her colleagues conduct their study? A．By giving an example. B．By introducing a concept. C．By making a comparison. D．By raising some questions. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The study lacks further support. B．There are data errors in the study. C．People’s age can be changed by diet. D．Sugary diet affects health in the long run. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究表明，富含营养、少添加糖的饮食可能减缓女性生物衰老速度，研究还分析了饮食与细胞衰老的关系。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A nutrient-rich (营养丰富) diet with few added sugars may slow rates of biological aging in women, a new research suggests.(一项新的研究表明，富含营养、添加糖较少的饮食可能会减缓女性的生物衰老速度。)”可知，低糖健康饮食可能会延缓女性衰老。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中““Added sugars” refer to sugars that are added to food during production such as those in sugared drinks and baked goods, as opposed to the naturally occurring sugars found in milk, fruits and vegetables.(“添加糖”是指在生产过程中添加到食物中的糖，如含糖饮料和烘焙食品中的糖，而不是牛奶、水果和蔬菜中天然存在的糖。)”可知，生日蛋糕属于烘焙食品，其中的添加糖可能会使细胞衰老得更快，而纯牛奶、大白菜和新鲜西瓜中的糖是天然存在的糖，不会加速细胞衰老。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Epel and her colleagues analyzed food records of 342 women over three days. The team then scored each woman’s diet based on how closely it followed various established diets: While nutrient-rich diets were tied to slowed aging, added sugars seemed to control the effect. In the study, women who consumed higher amounts of added sugars showed signs of faster cellular aging compared to others, even if they ate other healthy diets.(Epel和她的同事分析了342名女性三天的饮食记录。然后，研究小组根据每位女性的饮食与各种既定饮食的接近程度对其进行评分：虽然富含营养的饮食与延缓衰老有关，但添加糖似乎控制了这种效果。在这项研究中，与其他人相比，摄入更多添加糖的女性即使吃其他健康饮食，也显示出细胞衰老更快的迹象。)”可知，Epel和她的同事通过对比不同饮食（富含营养的饮食和添加糖较多的饮食）对女性细胞衰老的影响来开展研究。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These data showed the links between diet and cellular aging, but they were only a tip of the iceberg. In fact, more research is needed to assess how following these diets might affect aging in the long run.(这些数据显示了饮食和细胞衰老之间的联系，但这只是冰山一角。事实上，还需要更多的研究来评估长期遵循这些饮食可能会如何影响衰老。)”可知，这项研究还需要进一步的支持。故选A。 Recently, videos of using AI to select watermelons go viral on social media, claiming the technology can pick sweet fruit. As watermelon season approaches, many people find buying a watermelon like opening a surprise box. Will it be a dud? To put AI to the test, a reporter from xxcb.cn visited a store in Changsha, Central China’s Hunan Province to conduct an experiment. The reporter took photos and numbered eight watermelons, which allowed for clear identification and comparison later, and then had AI select the sweetest one. One AI software program admitted it couldn’t judge sweetness of the numbered watermelons. “Usually, methods to determine the sweetness of a watermelon include observing the appearance, weight, and sound of the watermelon. Tapping (拍) the watermelon can also be used to determine its sweetness.” the AI software explained. Another gave tips on what to look for in choosing a sweet watermelon. “Based on the shape of the watermelon, rounder watermelons usually indicate a more uniform internal structure, which may be a sign of higher sweetness. In the image, watermelons 1 and 8 look rounder and larger, indicating higher sweetness. However, the final sweetness needs to be confirmed by taste,” the AI software said. Following the AI’s recommendation, the reporter decided to put these two to the test. After cutting open watermelons 1 and 8, both were red and juicy, but watermelon one was slightly sweeter. So, is using AI to pick fruit dependable? According to an AI expert, AI can provide helpful suggestions based on visual and base knowledge, but it’s not absolutely right. While AI can be a useful tool for those unsure how to choose a melon, experienced individuals may still rely on traditional methods like tapping and smelling. Eventually, the decision on which watermelon to choose may still come down to personal preference and practical experience. 1．What does the underlined word “dud” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Something tasteless. B．Something pricey. C．Something small. D．Something seasonal. 2．Why did the first AI admit its inability? A．It didn’t get clear melon photos. B．It hadn’t answered similar questions. C．It tended to combine more data. D．It considered the shape unimportant. 3．How did the second AI differ from the first one? A．It confirmed sweetness via sound. B．It showed three selection methods. C．It offered weight-based tips. D．It linked sweetness to sizes and shapes. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward AI picking melons? A．Unclear. B．Indifferent. C．Worried. D．Objective. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了记者通过实验测试AI挑选西瓜的可靠性，并得出相关结论。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“As watermelon season approaches, many people find buying a watermelon like opening a surprise box. Will it be a dud?(随着西瓜季的到来，许多人发现买西瓜就像打开一个惊喜盒子。它会是个dud吗？)”可知，买西瓜就像开盲盒，不知道西瓜甜不甜，所以dud指“无味的东西”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One AI software program admitted it couldn’t judge sweetness of the numbered watermelons. “Usually, methods to determine the sweetness of a watermelon include observing the appearance, weight, and sound of the watermelon. Tapping (拍) the watermelon can also be used to determine its sweetness.” the AI software explained.(一款人工智能软件坦言，它无法判断这些编号西瓜的甜度。“通常，判断西瓜甜度的方法包括观察西瓜的外观、重量和声音。拍打西瓜也可用来判断其甜度。”该人工智能软件解释道。)”可知，第一个AI承认无法判断是因为它倾向于结合更多的数据。它需要结合外观、重量、声音等多种数据，而仅靠照片提供的信息不足。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Another gave tips on what to look for in choosing a sweet watermelon. “Based on the shape of the watermelon, rounder watermelons usually indicate a more uniform internal structure, which may be a sign of higher sweetness. In the image, watermelons 1 and 8 look rounder and larger, indicating higher sweetness. However, the final sweetness needs to be confirmed by taste,” the AI software said.(另一个则给出了挑选甜西瓜的注意事项。“根据西瓜的形状，圆形的西瓜通常表示内部结构更均匀，这可能是甜度较高的标志。在图片中，西瓜1和8看起来更圆更大，表明甜度更高。然而，最终的甜度需要通过品尝来确认，”该人工智能软件说。)”可知，第二个AI将甜度与大小和形状联系起来。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to an AI expert, AI can provide helpful suggestions based on visual and base knowledge, but it’s not absolutely right. While AI can be a useful tool for those unsure how to choose a melon, experienced individuals may still rely on traditional methods like tapping and smelling. Eventually, the decision on which watermelon to choose may still come down to personal preference and practical experience.(据一位人工智能专家称，人工智能可以根据视觉和基础知识提供有用的建议，但并不完全正确。虽然人工智能对于那些不确定如何选择西瓜的人来说是一个有用的工具，但有经验的人可能仍然依赖传统的挑选方法，如敲和闻。最终，选择哪个西瓜的决定可能仍然取决于个人喜好和实际经验。)”可知，作者客观地陈述了AI挑选西瓜的优缺点，没有表现出明显的倾向性。故选D。 In a world of fast food and quick meals, the Slow Food movement stands out as a unique idea. It was started in Italy in 1986 as a protest (抗议) against a new fast-food restaurant. The movement’s goal is simple yet important: to protect traditional food and local dishes, support sustainable (可持续的) farming, and help people feel more connected to the food they eat. It encourages a different way of thinking about food, one that is not rushed. The movement champions the values of good, clean, and fair food. “Good” refers to the enjoyment of fresh, flavorsome, and seasonal food that is healthy for the body. “Clean” means food production that does not harm the environment, animal welfare, or human health. “Fair” demands that consumers pay fair prices for their food and that producers, from farmers to chefs, receive fair pay and working conditions. But Slow Food is more than just about what you eat. It’s a cultural idea that protects food traditions and different types of plants and animals. It promotes biodiversity (生物多样性) by saving old types of plants and animal breeds that industrial farming often ignores. The movement also brings people together by encouraging cooking and eating meals as a community, which helps protect local traditions. By asking us to think about where our food comes from and how it is made, the Slow Food movement challenges the modern food system. Instead of being passive consumers who just buy food, it invites us to become co-producers. This means we take an active part in our food chain, making choices that are better for us, for the community, and for the planet. 1．A “different way of thinking” encourages people to ________. A．protect plants from being harmed B．choose dishes from other countries C．eat at a slower and more regular pace D．consider where and how food is produced 2．According to the passage, what does “fair food” mean? A．The food is not expensive to buy. B．The food is fresh, tasty and healthy for the body. C．Every worker in the process of food production gets fair payment. D．The process of producing the food will not harm the environment. 3．Which statement is correct about the Slow Food movement? A．It has forced all fast-food restaurants in Italy to close since its start in 1986. B．It encourages people to play an active role in the food chain. C．Its “clean” principle mainly focuses on making sure food is healthy to eat. D．It protects local food traditions only by saving old kinds of plants and animals. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new type of food culture. B．To help protect biodiversity in Italy. C．To call on people to eat healthily and fairly. D．To fight against fast food restaurants. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1986年始于意大利的慢食运动，以“优质、清洁、公平”为核心，保护传统饮食与生物多样性，倡导人们关注食物来源、主动参与食物链，传递独特饮食文化。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It encourages a different way of thinking about food, one that is not rushed.(它鼓励人们以一种不同的方式思考食物，一种不匆忙的方式)”以及最后一段中“By asking us to think about where our food comes from and how it is made, the Slow Food movement challenges the modern food system.( 通过让我们思考食物的来源和制作过程，慢食运动对现代食物体系提出了挑战)”可推知，“不同的思维方式”鼓励人们思考食物的来源和生产方式。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中““Fair” demands that consumers pay fair prices for their food and that producers, from farmers to chefs, receive fair pay and working conditions.(“公平”要求消费者以公平的价格购买食品，要求从农民到厨师的生产者获得公平的报酬和工作条件)”可知，“公平食品”指的是食品生产过程中的每个工人都得到公平的报酬。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Instead of being passive consumers who just buy food, it invites us to become co-producers. This means we take an active part in our food chain, making choices that are better for us, for the community, and for the planet.( 它邀请我们成为共同生产者，而不是仅仅购买食物的被动消费者。这意味着我们积极参与我们的食物链，做出对我们自己、对社区和对地球更好的选择)”可知，慢食运动的核心主张之一是让消费者从“被动购买者”转变为“共同生产者”，主动参与食物链。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“In a world of fast food and quick meals, the Slow Food movement stands out as a unique idea. It was started in Italy in 1986 as a protest (抗议) against a new fast-food restaurant. The movement’s goal is simple yet important: to protect traditional food and local dishes, support sustainable (可持续的) farming, and help people feel more connected to the food they eat. It encourages a different way of thinking about food, one that is not rushed.(在一个快餐和快餐的世界里，慢食运动作为一个独特的想法脱颖而出。它始于1986年的意大利，当时是对一家新快餐店的抗议。该运动的目标简单而重要：保护传统食物和当地菜肴，支持可持续农业，并帮助人们感受到与他们所吃的食物的更多联系。它鼓励人们以一种不同的方式思考食物，一种不匆忙的方式)”可知，开篇介绍慢食运动的起源和核心目标；第二段阐释“优质、清洁、公平”三大价值观；第三段说明其文化意义（保护传统、促进生物多样性、凝聚社区）；第四段强调其对现代食品体系的挑战。全文围绕“慢食运动这一独特饮食文化”展开，核心目的是“介绍一种新的饮食文化”。故选A项。 For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具) could show much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything. Before the 18th century, people of all classes usually ate with a knife and a spoon. The fork’s journey to the dinner table was a long struggle. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire. Following a reduction in size, the fork appeared to have entered dining areas in the courts of the Middle East and Byzantine Empire by the eighth and ninth centuries, and became common among wealthy families there by the tenth century. Early in the 11th century, it appeared in various pieces of European art. In the late 11th century, St. Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “show-off behavior”. The fork slowly spread from Italy to the rest of Europe. Having the same worry about hygiene (卫生), wealthy Britons also started to buy forks, inspired by Queen Victoria, who regarded fork use as a sign of good manners. The fork’s introduction to North America dates back to 1633, when John Winthrop, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was gifted a set of forks. The Industrial Revolution strengthened the fork’s presence on dining room tables as production of flatware became less expensive. Writing in 1896 in Social Etiquette, Maud C． Cooke declared the fork had finally won the battle against the knife in America and “any attempt to give the knife importance on table is looked upon as an offense (冒犯) against good taste.” 1．What can we learn about forks from the first paragraph? A．They were used improperly in the 18th century. B．They had many different types in the 19th century. C．They led to North Americans’ rise in social position. D．They were popular in Europe before the 18th century. 2．What was a function of forks in ancient Egypt? A．To eat food. B．To decorate tables. C．To cut food. D．To create works of art. 3．Who was against the use of forks? A．St. Peter Damian B．A Byzantine princess C．Queen Victoria D．Maud C． Cooke 4．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To show why forks are so popular. B．To explain the development of tableware. C．To describe the development of forks over time D．To explore the history behind using knives and forks. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍叉子从古代到近代在不同地区的发展历程及使用情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具) could show much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything.(对于19世纪末的北美人和欧洲人来说，餐具的陈列能很大程度上反映一个人的社会地位，因为富人会特意为各种用途准备不同种类的叉子。)”可知，19世纪时叉子有许多不同的类型。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire. (在古埃及、希腊和罗马，叉子被用来将食物切成小块，或从锅或火上夹起肉。)”可知，古埃及时期叉子的功能是切食物。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the late 11th century, St. Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “show-off behavior”. (11世纪末，来自奥斯蒂亚的圣彼得・达米安写道，一位拜占庭公主使用叉子，他将她死于疾病视为这种“炫耀行为”的惩罚。)”可知，圣彼得・达米安反对使用叉子。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具) could show much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything.(对于19世纪末的北美人和欧洲人来说，餐具的陈列能很大程度上反映一个人的社会地位，因为富人会特意为各种用途准备不同种类的叉子。)”以及后文可知，文章按时间顺序，从古代埃及、希腊、罗马时期叉子的用途，到中世纪中东和拜占庭帝国的使用情况，再到欧洲、北美的传播与普及，详细讲述了叉子的发展历程。故选C项。 If you shop in supermarkets now, you may see many foods with big “protein” signs on black packages. These include powders, bars, yogurt, bread, and even coffee. Many people buy more protein for fitness and health, but marketing can influence our choices. Colors on packages send signals. Green suggests natural, red and yellow suggest energy, and blue suggests coolness. Today, black often signals protein and an excellent image. This can create a “health halo (光环),” where one good feature makes the whole food seem healthy. With protein, this halo can hide added sugar or fat and make us pay more. Protein shortage is hardly common in wealthy countries, and too much protein is possible. If you want more protein, choose foods that give better value. Animal foods like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and cheese usually provide 11-32 grams per 100 grams. A chicken breast gives about 60 grams, a can of tuna gives about 22 grams, a 170-gram tub of Greek yogurt gives about 17 grams, and two eggs give about 12 grams. Chicken often gives more than 30 grams of protein per dollar. You do not need animal foods to meet your needs. Plant foods can be very cost-friendly. Legumes like beans or soybeans give about 9 grams per 100 grams and often about 20 grams of protein per dollar. Peanuts at $6/kg give about 42 grams per dollar. Oats at $3/kg give about 33 grams per dollar. Nuts, seeds, and even a cup of frozen peas also add useful protein. In comparison, many protein bars give only 6-8 grams per dollar. Bottom line: do not rely on colors and slogans. Read the nutrition (营养) label and choose a variety of fresh, minimally processed foods to get enough protein and micronutrients without overspending. 1．According to the passage, what is a possible risk concerned with the “health halo” created by black protein packaging? A．It makes the food appear more natural and environmentally friendly. B．It may hide the presence of unhealthy things like added sugar or fat. C．It greatly increases the actual protein content of the food product. D．It causes people in wealthy countries to suffer from protein shortage. 2．According to the passage, which of the following foods offers the most protein per dollar? A．Chicken. B．Legumes. C．Peanuts. D．Protein bars. 3．What is the main message of the passage? A．Protein is the most important nutrient for human health. B．People should avoid eating animal foods to get protein. C．Do not be misled by packaging: choose fresh and various foods wisely. D．Black packaging means the product is great and high in protein. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward protein-labeled products? A．Fully supportive. B．Objective and careful. C．Uninterested. D．Practical. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑色蛋白质包装可能带来的“健康光环”效应及其潜在风险，比较了不同食物每美元所提供的蛋白质含量，并给出了选择蛋白质来源的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Colors on packages send signals. Green suggests natural, red and yellow suggest energy, and blue suggests coolness. Today, black often signals protein and an excellent image. This can create a “health halo (光环),” where one good feature makes the whole food seem healthy. With protein, this halo can hide added sugar or fat and make us pay more.(包装色彩会传递信号：绿色象征天然，红黄色暗示活力，蓝色代表清爽。如今黑色常传递蛋白质与高端形象，这种设计会形成“健康光环效应”——某个优点让整体食品显得健康。对于蛋白质食品，这种光环可能掩盖添加糖或脂肪，让我们支付更高价格)”可知，黑色蛋白质包装创造的“健康光环”可能会掩盖添加的糖或脂肪等不健康成分的存在。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Chicken often gives more than 30 grams of protein per dollar.(鸡肉通常每美元提供超过30克的蛋白质)”；第四段中“Legumes like beans or soybeans give about 9 grams per 100 grams and often about 20 grams of protein per dollar.(豆类，如豆子或大豆，每100克提供约9克蛋白质，通常每美元提供约20克蛋白质)”、“Peanuts a $6/kg give about 42 grams per dollar.(花生每公斤6美元，每美元提供约42克蛋白质)”和“In comparison, many protein bars give only 6-8 grams per dollar.(相比之下，许多蛋白质棒每美元只提供6-8克蛋白质)”可知，花生每美元提供的蛋白质最多。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段“Bottom line: do not rely on colors and slogans. Read the nutrition (营养) label and choose a variety of fresh, minimally processed foods to get enough protein and micronutrients without overspending.(底线是：不要依赖颜色和口号。阅读营养标签，选择各种新鲜、加工最少的食物，以获得足够的蛋白质和微量营养素，而不会超支)”可知，文章的主要传递的信息是不要被包装所误导，要明智地选择新鲜和多样化的食物。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“With protein, this halo can hide added sugar or fat and make us pay more. Protein shortage is hardly common in wealthy countries, and too much protein is possible.(对于蛋白质来说，这种光环可以掩盖添加的糖或脂肪，让我们支付更多的钱。蛋白质短缺在富裕国家并不常见，而蛋白质过多是有可能的)”、第三段中“If you want more protein, choose foods that give better value.(如果你想要更多的蛋白质，选择更有价值的食物)”、第四段中“You do not need animal foods to meet your needs. Plant foods can be very cost-friendly.(你不需要动物性食物来满足你的需求。植物性食物可以非常划算)”和最后一段中“Bottom line: do not rely on colors and slogans. Read the nutrition (营养) label and choose a variety of fresh, minimally processed foods to get enough protein and micronutrients without overspending.(底线是：不要依赖颜色和口号。阅读营养标签，选择各种新鲜、加工最少的食物，以获得足够的蛋白质和微量营养素，而不会超支)”可知，作者指出蛋白质标签产品的“健康光环”效应及其潜在风险，并给出中肯的建议，由此推知，作者对标有蛋白质的产品持客观和谨慎的态度。故选B项。 Move over protein, there’s a new hot nutrient-fiber (纤维)! The social media trend of fibermaxxing focuses on eating more fiber at meals and snacks. Like all trends, it can be done correctly. Yet many on social media are doing it incorrectly — and even dangerously. The idea of fibermaxxing is to meet and even go beyond your daily fiber goals. According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, women should aim for about 25 grams of fiber per day, while men should aim for about 38 grams. To calculate more exact numbers, the recommendation is 14 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories. Americans consume on average only 15 grams of fiber per day, so upping fiber is certainly a smart idea. As many people think more is better, some influencers are going all out on fibermaxxing with not only foods like vegetables, fruit, beans, peas, nuts and seeds at meals and snacks, but also by adding various fiber supplements (补充剂), which gets them above the recommended daily fiber amount. “Like so many TikTok trends, this one has the potential for harm if not approached properly,” says dietitian Rosanne Rust, co-author of the forthcoming cookbook “The GLP-1Kitchen”. Rust explains that many of the trending videos propose “fibermaxxing” to help treat bloating (腹胀), however most people aren’t aware of how much fiber they are eating before they adopt this trend and then add 20 grams of fiber (or more) to their diet overnight. According to dietitian Liz Weiss, founder of Liz’s Healthy Table, balance matters. “People with certain medical conditions often need to limit their fiber intake,” says Weiss. This is because high amounts of fiber can be difficult for their systems to manage and may worsen symptoms. “If you’re not sure how much fiber is right for you, a registered dietitian nutritionist can help guide you,” says Weiss. “Trends may come and go, but a well-balanced, whole-food diet will always stand the test of time.” 1．What can we learn from the figures in paragraph 2? A．Americans are falling short on fiber intake. B．Males have done better in fiber consumption. C．The more fiber we have, the better our health is. D．Average Americans consume fiber as recommended. 2．What is the problem with fibermaxxing according to Rust? A．It spreads fast on social media. B．People overdo it unknowingly. C．Americans lack fiber because of it. D．Influencers lie about its benefits. 3．What is Weiss’s suggestion for people about a balanced diet? A．To follow the latest trend. B．To register as a nutritionist. C．To seek advice from experts. D．To replace fiber with whole food. 4．What can be a suitable best title for the text? A．Fiber: The Hidden Threat to Wellbeing B．Fiber: The Vital Nutrient for Your Health C．Fibermaxxing: The Latest Nutrition Trend D．Fibermaxxing: The Best Dietary Approach 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纤维摄入这一最新营养潮流——纤维最大化，包括其理念、现状、存在的问题以及专家给出的平衡饮食建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, women should aim for about 25 grams of fiber per day, while men should aim for about 38 grams. To calculate more exact numbers, the recommendation is 14 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories. Americans consume on average only 15 grams of fiber per day, so upping fiber is certainly a smart idea.(根据营养与饮食学会的说法，女性每天应该摄入约25克纤维，而男性每天应该摄入约38克纤维。为了计算出更精确的数字，建议每1000卡路里摄入14克纤维。美国人平均每天只摄入15克纤维，所以增加纤维摄入量无疑是个明智的主意)”可知，美国人平均每天摄入15克纤维，远低于建议的摄入量，这说明美国人在纤维摄入方面不足。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中““Like so many TikTok trends, this one has the potential for harm if not approached properly,” says dietitian Rosanne Rust, co-author of the forthcoming cookbook “The GLP-1Kitchen”. Rust explains that many of the trending videos propose “fibermaxxing” to help treat bloating (浮肿), however most people aren’t aware of how much fiber they are eating before they adopt this trend and then add 20 grams of fiber (or more) to their diet overnight.(“和TikTok上的许多潮流一样，如果不正确对待，这个潮流也有可能带来危害，”即将出版的烹饪书《The GLP-1Kitchen》的合著者、营养师罗珊娜·拉斯特说。拉斯特解释说，许多热门视频都建议采用“纤维最大化”来帮助治疗腹胀，然而大多数人在采用这种潮流之前并不知道自己摄入了多少纤维，然后一夜之间就在饮食中增加了20克(或更多)纤维)”可知，Rust认为纤维最大化的问题在于人们并不知道自己摄入了多少纤维，所以会不知不觉地过度摄入纤维。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段““If you’re not sure how much fiber is right for you, a registered dietitian nutritionist can help guide you,” says Weiss.(“如果你不确定自己摄入多少纤维合适，注册营养师可以为你提供指导，”韦斯说)”可知，Weiss建议人们向注册营养师，即专家寻求关于均衡饮食的建议。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“The social media trend of fibermaxxi ng focuses on eating more fiber at meals and snacks.(社交媒体上流行的纤维最大化潮流强调在正餐和零食中摄入更多纤维)”可知，文章主要介绍了纤维摄入这一最新营养潮流——纤维最大化，包括其理念、现状、存在的问题以及专家给出的平衡饮食建议。故C项“Fibermaxxing: The Latest Nutrition Trend(纤维最大化：最新的营养潮流)”最能概括文章内容，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 重难语篇提升练 It’s the time of year for workplace New Year parties, and gatherings with family and friends. Maybe you’ll drink a lot in one go. Then you feel your heart beating fast or irregularly. Maybe there’s a tremble in your chest or neck. Maybe you feel dizzy or short of breath. You may feel so concerned you go to the emergency department.   After a few tests, you’re told you have “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”. In plain English, that’s an irregular heartbeat brought on by excessive drinking.   The alcohol affects your heart, blood vessels, blood and nervous system in many ways. Such condition is common at this time of year. That’s why it’s also called “holiday heart”.   For instance, when alcohol disrupts your nervous system, it can lead to dehydration and inflammation (发炎). In turn, this can cause disruption to the heart’s electrical system, which can lead to an irregular heartbeat.   People may go to hospital with heart tremble, chest pain, fainting or passing out (syncope) and shortness of breath (dyspnoea). But an irregular heartbeat can also occur without symptoms, and may only be discovered when investigating other health issues.   If you have symptoms, go to your emergency department or GP. Health professionals will likely run some tests to diagnose heart-related rhythm problems. Clinicians are often interested in the “p wave”, which represents the electrical activation of the upper chambers (上腔) of the heart. You may also have a blood test to look at your electrolyte levels (essential minerals in your blood). A blood test may also test for markers of clotting and inflammation, as well as kidney and liver function.   There is no definitive number of drinks known to trigger holiday heart. So our best advice to prevent it is to avoid excessive drinking. Australian guidelines recommend women and men limit alcohol to no more than ten standard drinks a week and no more than four standard drinks on any one day. We’d also recommend drinking water between alcoholic drinks. This can help reduce the dehydrating effects of alcohol and reduce the risk of alcohol-induced heart rhythm complications. 1．What is “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”? A．A heart disease caused by genetic factors and drinking. B．An irregular heartbeat resulting from over-drinking. C．A condition where the heart stops beating due to alcohol. D．A disorder of the nervous system affected by alcohol. 2．What can be inferred from the passage about diagnosing “holiday heart”? A．Only a test of the electrolyte levels is needed. B．The “p wave” is of little significance in the diagnosis. C．Multiple tests including blood tests are usually involved. D．Diagnosis can be made totally based on symptoms. 3．According to the text, what is the best way to prevent “holiday heart”? A．Drink alcohol with a limitation. B．Drink much more water during holidays. C．Drink water before having alcoholic drinks. D．Limit alcohol to ten standard drinks a day. 4．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To introduce the symptoms and diagnosis of heart diseases. B．To discuss the relationship between alcohol and “holiday heart”. C．To explain the definition of alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia. D．To encourage people to drink less alcohol during holidays. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了节假日过量饮酒易引发“酒精性心房心律失常”（假日心脏病），会出现心跳异常等症状，诊断需多项检查，最佳预防方式是限制饮酒量并间隔喝水。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“After a few tests, you’re told you have “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”. In plain English, that’s an irregular heartbeat brought on by excessive drinking.(经过几次检查后，医生告知你患上了“酒精性心房心律失常”。简单来说，这就是由大量饮酒所导致的心跳不规律)”可知，“酒精性心房心律失常”是指因过度饮酒而导致的心跳不规律。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Health professionals will likely run some tests to diagnose heart-related rhythm problems. Clinicians are often interested in the “p wave”, which represents the electrical activation of the upper chambers (上腔) of the heart. You may also have a blood test to look at your electrolyte levels (essential minerals in your blood). A blood test may also test for markers of clotting and inflammation, as well as kidney and liver function.(医疗专业人员可能会进行一些检查来诊断与心脏节律相关的问题。医生通常会对“P 波”感兴趣，它代表心脏上部腔室的电活动。你可能还需要进行血液检查，以查看你的电解质水平（血液中的重要矿物质）。血液检查还可能检测凝血和炎症的标志物，以及肾脏和肝脏的功能)”可知，诊断“假日心脏病”通常会涉及多项检查，包括血液检查。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So our best advice to prevent it is to avoid excessive drinking. Australian guidelines recommend women and men limit alcohol to no more than ten standard drinks a week and no more than four standard drinks on any one day.(因此，我们预防这种情况的最佳建议是避免过量饮酒。澳大利亚的指导方针建议女性和男性每周饮酒量应控制在不超过10杯的标准酒量以内，且每天的饮酒量不应超过 4 杯标准酒量)”可知，预防“假日心脏病”的最佳方法是饮酒要适度。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is no definitive number of drinks known to trigger holiday heart. So our best advice to prevent it is to avoid excessive drinking. Australian guidelines recommend women and men limit alcohol to no more than ten standard drinks a week and no more than four standard drinks on any one day. We’d also recommend drinking water between alcoholic drinks. This can help reduce the dehydrating effects of alcohol and reduce the risk of alcohol-induced heart rhythm complications.(目前尚无确切的饮酒量会被认定为引发“假日心脏病”的标准数值。因此，我们预防此类病症的最佳建议是避免过度饮酒。澳大利亚的指导方针建议女性和男性每周饮酒量应控制在不超过十杯标准酒量，且任何一天的饮酒量不应超过四杯标准酒量。我们还建议在饮酒之间饮用清水，这有助于减轻酒精的脱水作用，并降低酒精导致的心律紊乱风险)”以及文章开篇点出节假日饮酒过量易引发心脏问题，随后解释疾病定义、成因、症状、诊断，最终重点给出“限制饮酒、间隔喝水”的预防建议，核心目的是“鼓励人们节假日少饮酒”，故选D。 When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 1．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A．She is upset by her kids’ weight. B．She is particular about what she eats. C．She is interested in making food. D．She is critical of the way she was fed. 2．Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A．Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. B．Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C．Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. D．Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 3．What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A．Eat up what is provided for them. B．Share their food with other kids. C．Make diet decisions on their own. D．Help their parents do the dishes. 4．What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A．Costly. B．Workable. C．Complex. D．Contradictory. 5．What does the passage focus on? A．Parents are supposed to strictly control children’s diet to avoid health problems. B．Discussing food choices openly with kids is the best way to ensure healthy habits. C．Children need constant guidance to understand nutritional values so as to keep healthy. D．Offering children freedom in food choices helps build a healthy relationship with eating. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者童年因频繁被提醒“别长胖”而破坏了与食物的关系，如今发现对女儿的饮食建议或有负面影响，采纳专家“责任分工”理念，给孩子饮食自由后效果良好。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. (当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知不能吃什么。“你不想变胖”这句话在我的童年时期不断被重复。这真的把我和食物的关系搞得一团糟——我花了好几年才克服。正因为如此，我小心翼翼地不把我孩子的体重和他们作为人的价值联系起来。我鼓励我的女儿选择健康的零食，并经常劝阻她不要再吃甜点。但是有一天，当我听到她说“我觉得我太胖了”时，我的心一沉。这让我怀疑给她关于零食的建议是否在无意中产生了负面影响。)”可知，从第一段可以推断出作者对自己童年喂养方式的批判。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” (心理学教授夏洛特·马基（Charlotte Markey）表示，作为父母，很少在食物问题上说得少即是多。她说：“在育儿方面，有很多事情值得讨论，但我不相信食物是其中之一。”“这只会给孩子们带来一些不一定健康的担忧和不安全感。”)”可知，马基指出“育儿中很多事适合沟通，但食物并非其中之一”，“这只会给孩子带来不必要的担忧和不安全感”，即不建议过多和孩子谈论食物相关话题。由此可推知，“向孩子解释吃零食的风险”属于和孩子谈论食物相关的担忧，符合马基不认可的行为。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. (相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个众所周知的概念，即“责任分工”，即父母在固定的时间为孩子们提供各种各样的健康食品，孩子们自己决定他们想吃什么和吃多少——即使这意味着偶尔吃的饼干比胡萝卜多。)”可知，根据“责任分工”，孩子们应该自己决定饮食。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. (我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我不那么严格限制时，他们确实做出了更好的决定。)”可推知，作者认为她一直遵循的策略是可行的。故选B项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章以作者自身经历引出话题，通过专家马基的观点，核心推荐“责任分工”理念 —— 父母提供健康食物，孩子自主选择饮食，最终作者验证该策略有效，强调给孩子饮食自由有助于建立健康的饮食关系。由此可知，这篇文章的重点是让孩子自由选择食物有助于建立健康的饮食关系。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Food for thought 单元话题阅读理解 Unit 1 Food for thought单元话题：饮食 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve moods by stimulating (刺激) the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are. Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food. They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call it a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods—but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked. In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time. The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to deal with emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances (例子) to be the exception rather than the rule. 1．Which aspect of comfort food do Traci Mann’s studies focus on? A．The degree to which it lifts moods. B．Its role in reducing negativity. C．The means by which it affects moods. D．Its influence on physical health. 2．How were the studies carried out? A．By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods. B．By watching students’ different reactions to foods. C．By collecting data about people from all walks of life. D．By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions. 3．The underlined word “indulge” in the last paragraph probably means A．Avoid B．enjoy casually C．give up D．criticize strictly 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Comfort Food Tends to Be Unhealthy B．Happiness from Comfort Food C．Comfort Food May Not Work Wonders D．The Science behind Comfort Food In Jingdezhen, there’s a street-food stall that has become the talk of the town. The stall is run by Li Junyong, who sells delicious fried chicken cutlets. However, people flock to his stall not just for the tasty food. They come because his stall operates under some really clever and unique rules. Everyone affectionately calls him “Chicken Cutlet Bro”, and he has gained fame for his kind heart and smart business ideas. The most notable rule is designed for students. Every afternoon at 4:30, Mr. Li stops serving other customers and reserves that time exclusively for students from the nearby school. Why does he do this? He says he has made a promise to the students to always have a warm snack ready for them when their classes end. He believes that the students’ happiness is of great importance, so other patrons have to wait. Mr. Li also aims to be highly efficient. To save time, he has a signature phrase that all his customers know well. Politely, he always says, “Please open your plastic bag.” This simple request helps him pack the chicken cutlets more quickly, so the hungry students don’t have to wait for too long. It’s a small rule, but it makes a significant difference. And he even has an amusing rule regarding quality. If a chicken cutlet isn’t cooked to perfection, he gives it to the customer for free. He wants every customer to get the best — tasting food from his stall. These special rules make buying chicken cutlets from Mr. Li a fun and pleasant experience. Customers feel that they get more than just food; they also receive a smile and excellent service. His kind and clever rules have turned his small stall into the most popular spot in the town. 1．What word can be used to replace the underlined word in Paragraph 1? A．Seriously. B．Confidently. C．Lovingly. D．Curiously. 2．Which of the following statements about “Chicken Cutlet Bro” is right? A．He doesn’t serve patrons until 4:30. B．He cares about students very much. C．Customers come to his stall for excellent food and drinks. D．Customers don’t have to open their plastic bags by themselves. 3．Why does Mr. Li save time for students every afternoon at 4:30? A．To make more money. B．To attract more customers. C．To show off his efficiency. D．To keep a promise to students. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The best chicken cutlet ever B．The success of Chicken Cutlet Bro C．A famous city and its treasures D．The special rules of Chicken Cutlet Bro A nutrient-rich (营养丰富) diet with few added sugars may slow rates of biological aging in women, a new research suggests. Scientists found that middle-aged women who ate more foods packed with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants (抗氧化物) had “younger-looking” cells than those who had less healthy diets. They judged whether a cell was young by looking at methyl (甲基) groups, on the surface of DNA． The pattern of these methyl groups changes as we age, which is believed to increase cellular aging. “Sugars are linked to worsened health and early disease possibly more than any other food factor.” co-author Elissa Epel, a professor at the University of California, said in a statement. Epel and her colleagues analyzed food records of 342 women over three days. The team then scored each woman’s diet based on how closely it followed various established diets: While nutrient-rich diets were tied to slowed aging, added sugars seemed to control the effect. In the study, women who consumed higher amounts of added sugars showed signs of faster cellular aging compared to others, even if they ate other healthy diets. “Added sugars” refer to sugars that are added to food during production such as those in sugared drinks and baked goods, as opposed to the naturally occurring sugars found in milk, fruits and vegetables. The new study is one of the first to demonstrate a link between added sugar consumption and cellular aging, the authors said. The team calculated the participants’ ages by looking at the DNA methylation of cells with samples. These data showed the links between diet and cellular aging, but they were only a tip of the iceberg. In fact, more research is needed to assess how following these diets might affect aging in the long run. 1．What can we learn from the study? A．A balanced diet is linked to people’s health. B．A low-sugar healthy diet may delay women’s aging. C．The sugary food has no effect on the women’s body. D．The added sugars slow down people’s biological aging. 2．Which of the following food may make cells age faster according to paragraph 3? A．Pure milk. B．Chinese cabbage. C．Birthday cakes. D．Fresh watermelons. 3．How did Epel and her colleagues conduct their study? A．By giving an example. B．By introducing a concept. C．By making a comparison. D．By raising some questions. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The study lacks further support. B．There are data errors in the study. C．People’s age can be changed by diet. D．Sugary diet affects health in the long run. Recently, videos of using AI to select watermelons go viral on social media, claiming the technology can pick sweet fruit. As watermelon season approaches, many people find buying a watermelon like opening a surprise box. Will it be a dud? To put AI to the test, a reporter from xxcb.cn visited a store in Changsha, Central China’s Hunan Province to conduct an experiment. The reporter took photos and numbered eight watermelons, which allowed for clear identification and comparison later, and then had AI select the sweetest one. One AI software program admitted it couldn’t judge sweetness of the numbered watermelons. “Usually, methods to determine the sweetness of a watermelon include observing the appearance, weight, and sound of the watermelon. Tapping (拍) the watermelon can also be used to determine its sweetness.” the AI software explained. Another gave tips on what to look for in choosing a sweet watermelon. “Based on the shape of the watermelon, rounder watermelons usually indicate a more uniform internal structure, which may be a sign of higher sweetness. In the image, watermelons 1 and 8 look rounder and larger, indicating higher sweetness. However, the final sweetness needs to be confirmed by taste,” the AI software said. Following the AI’s recommendation, the reporter decided to put these two to the test. After cutting open watermelons 1 and 8, both were red and juicy, but watermelon one was slightly sweeter. So, is using AI to pick fruit dependable? According to an AI expert, AI can provide helpful suggestions based on visual and base knowledge, but it’s not absolutely right. While AI can be a useful tool for those unsure how to choose a melon, experienced individuals may still rely on traditional methods like tapping and smelling. Eventually, the decision on which watermelon to choose may still come down to personal preference and practical experience. 1．What does the underlined word “dud” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Something tasteless. B．Something pricey. C．Something small. D．Something seasonal. 2．Why did the first AI admit its inability? A．It didn’t get clear melon photos. B．It hadn’t answered similar questions. C．It tended to combine more data. D．It considered the shape unimportant. 3．How did the second AI differ from the first one? A．It confirmed sweetness via sound. B．It showed three selection methods. C．It offered weight-based tips. D．It linked sweetness to sizes and shapes. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward AI picking melons? A．Unclear. B．Indifferent. C．Worried. D．Objective. In a world of fast food and quick meals, the Slow Food movement stands out as a unique idea. It was started in Italy in 1986 as a protest (抗议) against a new fast-food restaurant. The movement’s goal is simple yet important: to protect traditional food and local dishes, support sustainable (可持续的) farming, and help people feel more connected to the food they eat. It encourages a different way of thinking about food, one that is not rushed. The movement champions the values of good, clean, and fair food. “Good” refers to the enjoyment of fresh, flavorsome, and seasonal food that is healthy for the body. “Clean” means food production that does not harm the environment, animal welfare, or human health. “Fair” demands that consumers pay fair prices for their food and that producers, from farmers to chefs, receive fair pay and working conditions. But Slow Food is more than just about what you eat. It’s a cultural idea that protects food traditions and different types of plants and animals. It promotes biodiversity (生物多样性) by saving old types of plants and animal breeds that industrial farming often ignores. The movement also brings people together by encouraging cooking and eating meals as a community, which helps protect local traditions. By asking us to think about where our food comes from and how it is made, the Slow Food movement challenges the modern food system. Instead of being passive consumers who just buy food, it invites us to become co-producers. This means we take an active part in our food chain, making choices that are better for us, for the community, and for the planet. 1．A “different way of thinking” encourages people to ________. A．protect plants from being harmed B．choose dishes from other countries C．eat at a slower and more regular pace D．consider where and how food is produced 2．According to the passage, what does “fair food” mean? A．The food is not expensive to buy. B．The food is fresh, tasty and healthy for the body. C．Every worker in the process of food production gets fair payment. D．The process of producing the food will not harm the environment. 3．Which statement is correct about the Slow Food movement? A．It has forced all fast-food restaurants in Italy to close since its start in 1986. B．It encourages people to play an active role in the food chain. C．Its “clean” principle mainly focuses on making sure food is healthy to eat. D．It protects local food traditions only by saving old kinds of plants and animals. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new type of food culture. B．To help protect biodiversity in Italy. C．To call on people to eat healthily and fairly. D．To fight against fast food restaurants. For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具) could show much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything. Before the 18th century, people of all classes usually ate with a knife and a spoon. The fork’s journey to the dinner table was a long struggle. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire. Following a reduction in size, the fork appeared to have entered dining areas in the courts of the Middle East and Byzantine Empire by the eighth and ninth centuries, and became common among wealthy families there by the tenth century. Early in the 11th century, it appeared in various pieces of European art. In the late 11th century, St. Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “show-off behavior”. The fork slowly spread from Italy to the rest of Europe. Having the same worry about hygiene (卫生), wealthy Britons also started to buy forks, inspired by Queen Victoria, who regarded fork use as a sign of good manners. The fork’s introduction to North America dates back to 1633, when John Winthrop, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was gifted a set of forks. The Industrial Revolution strengthened the fork’s presence on dining room tables as production of flatware became less expensive. Writing in 1896 in Social Etiquette, Maud C． Cooke declared the fork had finally won the battle against the knife in America and “any attempt to give the knife importance on table is looked upon as an offense (冒犯) against good taste.” 1．What can we learn about forks from the first paragraph? A．They were used improperly in the 18th century. B．They had many different types in the 19th century. C．They led to North Americans’ rise in social position. D．They were popular in Europe before the 18th century. 2．What was a function of forks in ancient Egypt? A．To eat food. B．To decorate tables. C．To cut food. D．To create works of art. 3．Who was against the use of forks? A．St. Peter Damian B．A Byzantine princess C．Queen Victoria D．Maud C． Cooke 4．What is the writing purpose of the passage? A．To show why forks are so popular. B．To explain the development of tableware. C．To describe the development of forks over time D．To explore the history behind using knives and forks. If you shop in supermarkets now, you may see many foods with big “protein” signs on black packages. These include powders, bars, yogurt, bread, and even coffee. Many people buy more protein for fitness and health, but marketing can influence our choices. Colors on packages send signals. Green suggests natural, red and yellow suggest energy, and blue suggests coolness. Today, black often signals protein and an excellent image. This can create a “health halo (光环),” where one good feature makes the whole food seem healthy. With protein, this halo can hide added sugar or fat and make us pay more. Protein shortage is hardly common in wealthy countries, and too much protein is possible. If you want more protein, choose foods that give better value. Animal foods like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and cheese usually provide 11-32 grams per 100 grams. A chicken breast gives about 60 grams, a can of tuna gives about 22 grams, a 170-gram tub of Greek yogurt gives about 17 grams, and two eggs give about 12 grams. Chicken often gives more than 30 grams of protein per dollar. You do not need animal foods to meet your needs. Plant foods can be very cost-friendly. Legumes like beans or soybeans give about 9 grams per 100 grams and often about 20 grams of protein per dollar. Peanuts at $6/kg give about 42 grams per dollar. Oats at $3/kg give about 33 grams per dollar. Nuts, seeds, and even a cup of frozen peas also add useful protein. In comparison, many protein bars give only 6-8 grams per dollar. Bottom line: do not rely on colors and slogans. Read the nutrition (营养) label and choose a variety of fresh, minimally processed foods to get enough protein and micronutrients without overspending. 1．According to the passage, what is a possible risk concerned with the “health halo” created by black protein packaging? A．It makes the food appear more natural and environmentally friendly. B．It may hide the presence of unhealthy things like added sugar or fat. C．It greatly increases the actual protein content of the food product. D．It causes people in wealthy countries to suffer from protein shortage. 2．According to the passage, which of the following foods offers the most protein per dollar? A．Chicken. B．Legumes. C．Peanuts. D．Protein bars. 3．What is the main message of the passage? A．Protein is the most important nutrient for human health. B．People should avoid eating animal foods to get protein. C．Do not be misled by packaging: choose fresh and various foods wisely. D．Black packaging means the product is great and high in protein. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward protein-labeled products? A．Fully supportive. B．Objective and careful. C．Uninterested. D．Practical. Move over protein, there’s a new hot nutrient-fiber (纤维)! The social media trend of fibermaxxing focuses on eating more fiber at meals and snacks. Like all trends, it can be done correctly. Yet many on social media are doing it incorrectly — and even dangerously. The idea of fibermaxxing is to meet and even go beyond your daily fiber goals. According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, women should aim for about 25 grams of fiber per day, while men should aim for about 38 grams. To calculate more exact numbers, the recommendation is 14 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories. Americans consume on average only 15 grams of fiber per day, so upping fiber is certainly a smart idea. As many people think more is better, some influencers are going all out on fibermaxxing with not only foods like vegetables, fruit, beans, peas, nuts and seeds at meals and snacks, but also by adding various fiber supplements (补充剂), which gets them above the recommended daily fiber amount. “Like so many TikTok trends, this one has the potential for harm if not approached properly,” says dietitian Rosanne Rust, co-author of the forthcoming cookbook “The GLP-1Kitchen”. Rust explains that many of the trending videos propose “fibermaxxing” to help treat bloating (腹胀), however most people aren’t aware of how much fiber they are eating before they adopt this trend and then add 20 grams of fiber (or more) to their diet overnight. According to dietitian Liz Weiss, founder of Liz’s Healthy Table, balance matters. “People with certain medical conditions often need to limit their fiber intake,” says Weiss. This is because high amounts of fiber can be difficult for their systems to manage and may worsen symptoms. “If you’re not sure how much fiber is right for you, a registered dietitian nutritionist can help guide you,” says Weiss. “Trends may come and go, but a well-balanced, whole-food diet will always stand the test of time.” 1．What can we learn from the figures in paragraph 2? A．Americans are falling short on fiber intake. B．Males have done better in fiber consumption. C．The more fiber we have, the better our health is. D．Average Americans consume fiber as recommended. 2．What is the problem with fibermaxxing according to Rust? A．It spreads fast on social media. B．People overdo it unknowingly. C．Americans lack fiber because of it. D．Influencers lie about its benefits. 3．What is Weiss’s suggestion for people about a balanced diet? A．To follow the latest trend. B．To register as a nutritionist. C．To seek advice from experts. D．To replace fiber with whole food. 4．What can be a suitable best title for the text? A．Fiber: The Hidden Threat to Wellbeing B．Fiber: The Vital Nutrient for Your Health C．Fibermaxxing: The Latest Nutrition Trend D．Fibermaxxing: The Best Dietary Approach 重难语篇提升练 It’s the time of year for workplace New Year parties, and gatherings with family and friends. Maybe you’ll drink a lot in one go. Then you feel your heart beating fast or irregularly. Maybe there’s a tremble in your chest or neck. Maybe you feel dizzy or short of breath. You may feel so concerned you go to the emergency department.   After a few tests, you’re told you have “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”. In plain English, that’s an irregular heartbeat brought on by excessive drinking.   The alcohol affects your heart, blood vessels, blood and nervous system in many ways. Such condition is common at this time of year. That’s why it’s also called “holiday heart”.   For instance, when alcohol disrupts your nervous system, it can lead to dehydration and inflammation (发炎). In turn, this can cause disruption to the heart’s electrical system, which can lead to an irregular heartbeat.   People may go to hospital with heart tremble, chest pain, fainting or passing out (syncope) and shortness of breath (dyspnoea). But an irregular heartbeat can also occur without symptoms, and may only be discovered when investigating other health issues.   If you have symptoms, go to your emergency department or GP. Health professionals will likely run some tests to diagnose heart-related rhythm problems. Clinicians are often interested in the “p wave”, which represents the electrical activation of the upper chambers (上腔) of the heart. You may also have a blood test to look at your electrolyte levels (essential minerals in your blood). A blood test may also test for markers of clotting and inflammation, as well as kidney and liver function.   There is no definitive number of drinks known to trigger holiday heart. So our best advice to prevent it is to avoid excessive drinking. Australian guidelines recommend women and men limit alcohol to no more than ten standard drinks a week and no more than four standard drinks on any one day. We’d also recommend drinking water between alcoholic drinks. This can help reduce the dehydrating effects of alcohol and reduce the risk of alcohol-induced heart rhythm complications. 1．What is “alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia”? A．A heart disease caused by genetic factors and drinking. B．An irregular heartbeat resulting from over-drinking. C．A condition where the heart stops beating due to alcohol. D．A disorder of the nervous system affected by alcohol. 2．What can be inferred from the passage about diagnosing “holiday heart”? A．Only a test of the electrolyte levels is needed. B．The “p wave” is of little significance in the diagnosis. C．Multiple tests including blood tests are usually involved. D．Diagnosis can be made totally based on symptoms. 3．According to the text, what is the best way to prevent “holiday heart”? A．Drink alcohol with a limitation. B．Drink much more water during holidays. C．Drink water before having alcoholic drinks. D．Limit alcohol to ten standard drinks a day. 4．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To introduce the symptoms and diagnosis of heart diseases. B．To discuss the relationship between alcohol and “holiday heart”. C．To explain the definition of alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmia. D．To encourage people to drink less alcohol during holidays. When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 1．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A．She is upset by her kids’ weight. B．She is particular about what she eats. C．She is interested in making food. D．She is critical of the way she was fed. 2．Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A．Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. B．Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C．Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. D．Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 3．What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A．Eat up what is provided for them. B．Share their food with other kids. C．Make diet decisions on their own. D．Help their parents do the dishes. 4．What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A．Costly. B．Workable. C．Complex. D．Contradictory. 5．What does the passage focus on? A．Parents are supposed to strictly control children’s diet to avoid health problems. B．Discussing food choices openly with kids is the best way to ensure healthy habits. C．Children need constant guidance to understand nutritional values so as to keep healthy. D．Offering children freedom in food choices helps build a healthy relationship with eating. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $