unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修1同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版）

该高中英语课件围绕“人与自然——认识与探索自然”主题，以达尔文名言导入单元，通过“语篇研析·文本精读”“篇章助读·疑难点拨”“要点直击·核心突破”及课后分层练习，搭建从主题感知到文本深入再到能力应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过“篇章助读”中的原文呈现与名师图注突破疑难点，结合分层练习落实核心知识。此设计既帮助学生提升文本分析和语言表达能力，又为教师提供系统教学资源，助力高效开展主题语境下的英语教学。

Nature is a book, and each species is a chapter, each species is a story. —Charles Darwin 大自然是一本书，每个物种都是其中的一章，每个物种都有它自己的故事。 ——查尔斯·达尔文 Revealing nature 主题语境：人与自然——认识与探索自然 UNIT 5 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 13 Hello, I'm Xiaohe.Last weekend, our class answered the call of nature and set out on a remarkable wilderness adventure.We arrived at a forest that was home to diverse wildlife and ancient trees, dating back to centuries ago.As we stepped into the forest, we were greeted by a scene crowded with thick greenery and the sweet melody of birds. As we hiked deeper, we were fascinated by the giant trees, some with trunks several meters in diameter.We collected samples of various plants, trying to link their characteristics to their evolutionary paths.We also detected different species of birds and insects. During the exploration, we encountered some goats that were native to the area.Some of us suspected that these goats might be descendants of wild ancestors.We learned that any decline in certain species could be blamed on human activities. In some ways, this trip made us realize our link to nature and the importance of protecting these precious natural habitats.It was an adventure of a lifetime, one that I will always cherish. Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas Step One　Lead­in If you were given a chance to travel to distant and little­known places, what kind of things would you be most interested in studying? Why do you think studying these things could be significant? I might be interested in studying the unique plants there.Because different plants might have special adaptations to the local environment, and understanding these could help us learn more about how living things interact with their surroundings. Step Two　Read for the main idea Match the main idea with each section. Section 1 (Para.1) A．In Galápagos Islands, Darwin observed finches' beak differences and formed the idea of species evolution. Section 2 (Paras.2－3) B．On the Origin of Species is now seen as a crucial work, forever changing views on life on Earth, all starting from the Beagle journey. Section 3 (Paras.4－5) C．Darwin, not the captain's first choice and facing family criticism, joined the Beagle, starting a life­changing journey. Section 4 (Para.6) D．Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, which caused controversy but later won more acceptance. Section 5 (Para.7) E.Darwin left England on the Beagle, collected samples, and began to question the origin of species. 答案：Section 1—C　Section 2—E　Section 3—A　Section 4—D　Section 5—B Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ.Read Section 1 (Para.1) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why was the young man not the captain's first choice? 2．What was the significance of the young man's adventures on the ship? Because he was a young man who dropped out of medical school and his father calling him “a disgrace to himself and all his family” in a letter. His adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time. Ⅱ.Read Section 2 (Paras.2－3) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What was Darwin's main interest during his journey on the Beagle? A．Studying the history of the ship. B．Exploring the unknown lands. C．Studying living things in their natural environments. D．Communicating with the local people. √ 2．What inspired Darwin to look for more evidence? A．The belief that all species had changed since they appeared. B．The discovery that some species of animals were very similar to each other. C．The fact that he found no evidence on the islands. D．The prediction of his father about his future. √ Ⅲ.Read Section 3 (Paras.4－5) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What did Darwin notice about the finches on the Galápagos Islands? A．Their colors were different. B．Their beaks varied according to food. C．Their sizes were the same. D．Their behaviors were unique. √ 2．What did Darwin suspect about the finches on the Galápagos Islands? A．They had all come to the islands recently. B．They had different ancestors for each island. C．They had no relation to other species on Earth. D．They had evolved from a common ancestor. √ Ⅳ.Read Section 4 (Para.6) carefully and do the following exercises. 1．How was Darwin's theory of evolution regarded when it was first published? A．Rejected by many people. B．Accepted by everyone. C．Ignored completely. D．Praised widely. √ 2．How did Darwin's theory gain more acceptance? A．By being forced upon people by the government. B．Through the support of religious leaders. C．Because his scientific studies were very convincing. D．Due to the popularity of his writing style. √ Ⅴ.Read Section 5 (Para.7) carefully and do the following exercise. Why is On the Origin of Species regarded as one of the most important works ever written? Because it introduced the theory of evolution, which changed ideas about life on Earth forever. Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following questions with your partners and present your answers to the class. In what ways has Darwin's theory of evolution influenced our understanding of human nature and society, and what are the potential implications for the future? Your presentation： It influences people by emphasizing the role of adaptation and competition.It suggests that human traits and behaviors have evolved over time as a response to environmental pressures.In terms of society, it has led to a recognition of the importance of social progress and development. A Journey of Discovery The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone [1]who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant①countries yet little known”．The person [2]who answered the call② was not the captain's first choice③.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.What's more④， he had recently received a letter from his father [3]predicting⑤ that he would be “a disgrace⑥ to yourself and all your family”． ①distant adj.遥远的 ②answer the call响应号召 ③the first choice首选 ④what's more此外，更重 要的是 ⑤predict v．预言 ⑥disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱 Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑦. [1]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone。 [2]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词person。 [3]predicting...为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰letter。 The young man in question⑧，Charles Darwin, was a geologist⑨ and naturalist, [4]fascinated by rocks, plants and animals．He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831.The journey gave him the chance [5]to study various living things ⑦of all time有史以来； 一直 ⑧in question讨论中的； 考虑中的 ⑨geologist n．地质学家 ⑩be crowded with拥塞； 挤满；充满 ⑪sample n．样本 ⑫come to exist出现； 产生 in their natural environments．After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with⑩ samples⑪of the plants and animals he had collected.[6]As he studied these, he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist⑫？ At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time⑬， and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to⑭each other.Maybe animals evolved⑮ [7]as they adapted to⑯ their changing environments？It was just an idea, but enough to ⑬at the same time同时 ⑭be similar to 与 ……相似 ⑮evolve v．进化 ⑯adapt to适应/适合 …… ⑰evidence n．证据 ⑱a variety of种种； 各种各样的 ⑲finch n．雀科鸣禽 ⑳beak n．鸟嘴，喙 inspire Darwin to look for more evidence⑰. [4]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰geologist and naturalist。 [5]动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词chance。 [6][7]句中as均引导时间状语从句，意为“当 ……的时候”。 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of⑱ new species, but [8]it was the birds that interested him the most．Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches⑲ on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks⑳ had evolved according to [9]what food was available㉑on that particular island. ㉑available adj.可利用的；可获 得的；可找到的； 有空暇的 be available for 对于 ……可用的 ㉒suspect v．猜想， 怀疑，觉得 [8]it was...that...为强调句，强调主语the birds。 [9]what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。 Darwin suspected㉒ that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor㉓，[10]which had arrived on the islands a long time before．Over time㉔, it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to [11]how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors. [10]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ancestor。 [11]how引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。 It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution㉕.Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species.It was not ㉓ancestor n．(动 物的)原种，祖先 ㉔over time 随着时间的推移 ㉕evolution n．进化(论) ㉖publish v．出版；发表 published㉖ until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things, including㉗ humans, had evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But Darwin's scientific studies were [12]so convincing㉘ that more and more people started to believe his theory． [12]so...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此 ……以至于 ……”。 Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as㉙ one of the most important works [13]ever written．It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with㉚ the journey on the Beagle. [13]动词的过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰名词works。 ㉗including prep.包含；包括 ㉘convincing adj.令人信服的； 有说服力的 ㉙be regarded as 被认为是 ㉚begin with 开始于 …… 发现之旅 贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员要能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想之选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。 我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和自然主义者查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？ 当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。 1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。 达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间推移，慢慢进化成许多新的物种。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是由早期的祖先进化而来的。 这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中对此进行了解释。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起了轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而，达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。 distant adj.遥远的，远处的；疏远的；远亲的(联想：distance n．距离，远处) 【教材原句】　The captain of the ship，the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”．贝格尔号的船长想要招募一名船员，这名船员要能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。 【用法归纳】 (1)be distant from 与 ……保持距离 a distant relative 一个远房亲戚 (2)at a distance of 相隔，相距 within walking distance 几步之遥 from a distance 从远处 in the distance 在远处 keep one's distance from sb.＝keep sb.at a distance 与某人保持距离；疏远某人 【佳句必背】　We can see the waterfall in the distance，whose sound can be heard at a distance of 500 metres.It looks quite beautiful from a distance.(读后续写之环境描写)我们可以看见远处的瀑布，它的声音在相隔五百米的地方就能听见，从远处看它特别美。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①You should be distant those who always bring negative energy to you. ②I noticed that Lily always keeps her classmates a distance.Maybe she doesn't know how to communicate with others well. ③The two villages are a distance of about five kilometers from each other with a small river flowing between them. from at at 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(应用文之建议信)谨记：与动物保持安全距离，未经许可，禁止试图喂食或触摸它们。 Just remember： and never attempt to feed or touch them if not allowed. ⑤站在山顶上，我们能看到远处有一个小村庄，缕缕炊烟从烟囱里升起。 Standing on the hilltop, ，with smoke rising from the chimneys. keep a safe distance from the animals we could see a small village in the distance suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑分子(联想：suspicion n．怀疑；疑心→suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的) 【教材原句】　Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛。 【用法归纳】 (1)suspect sb./sth.to be/as... 怀疑某人/某物是 …… suspect sb.of doing sth. 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that... 认为/怀疑 …… (2)under suspicion 遭受怀疑 (3)be suspicious of/about... 怀疑 …… 【佳句必背】　①I suspect that my friend is hiding something from me because he has been acting strangely lately.(应用文之求助信)我怀疑我的朋友有什么事瞒着我，因为他最近举止怪异。 ②The police have arrested the suspect of the robbery case.They believe he has crucial information that can help solve the crime.(读后续写之动作描写)警察已经逮捕了抢劫案的嫌疑犯。他们相信他掌握了有助于破案的关键信息。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I suspected my neighbor playing loud music late at night, disturbing everyone in the community. ②The driver was under (suspect) for speeding and running a red light, and he might face severe punishment. ③The local residents are (suspect) of the new development project, worrying about its potential environmental impact. of suspicion suspicious 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④他被怀疑是某诈骗团伙的头目，警方正在监听他的电话。 the leader of a ring of scammers and the police were monitoring his phone call. ⑤昨天，我怀疑自己把钥匙落在办公室了，但后来在大衣口袋里找到了。 Yesterday, my keys were left in the office, but I found them in my coat pocket later. He was suspected as/to be I suspected that convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的(联想：convince v．使相信，说服；使确信→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的) 【教材原句】　 But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 【用法归纳】 (1)be convinced of sth./that... 确信 …… (2)convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb.that... 使某人相信 …… 【佳句必背】　①I'll spare no effort to serve my fellow students.I'm convinced that you'll make a right decision.(应用文之申请信) 我将不遗余力地为同学们服务。我坚信你们会做出正确的决定。 ②It is also important to tell convincing local cultural stories to foreign visitors.(应用文之建议信) 向外国游客讲述令人信服的当地文化故事同样重要。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2023·浙江1月卷) “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I'm not (convince) that food is one of them，” she says. ②The head teacher convinced the whole class (participate) in the school's recycling project. ③The teacher gave a (convince) lecture on the importance of time management, sharing practical tips and real­life examples. convinced to participate convincing 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④这位经验丰富的老师确信创造一个积极的课堂气氛对学生的学习至关重要。 creating a positive classroom atmosphere is essential for students' learning. The experienced teacher is convinced that blame v．责怪，指责；把 ……归咎于 n．责任；责备；指责 【教材原句】　The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.平塔岛陆龟的灭绝归咎于人类。 【用法归纳】 (1)blame sb.for...因 ……而指责某人；把 ……归咎于某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任；应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) (2)take/bear/accept the blame for...为 ……承担责任 lay/put the blame for sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某物 【佳句必背】　Today, many rare animals face the possibility of extinction and many animals are hunted by people for fur or food, for which human beings are to blame.(应用文之倡议书)如今，许多珍稀动物面临灭绝的可能，而且许多动物被人类猎杀以获取其皮毛或以之为食，人类应对此负责。 for 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Some students always blame their classmates their bad grades in group work. ②She always blames the mess in the dorm her roommates, even though she herself often leaves things scattered around. ③When getting along with others, we should not always put the blame for mistakes others. ④It's my fault, and I accept the blame not being able to finish the task on time. for on on 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤那个开车时使用智能手机的司机应该为这起事故负责。 The driver who was using his smart phone while driving ． was to blame for the accident decline v．减少；衰退；下降； 谢绝；婉拒 n．减少；衰退；衰落 【教材原句】　After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.特别是山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛陆龟的数量就减少了。 【用法归纳】 (1)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事 decline by... 下降/减少了 ……(后常接分数或 百分数) decline to... 下降/减少到 ……(后常接具体数字) (2)in decline/on the decline 在下降/减少；逐渐衰落 a sharp decline in... 在 ……方面急剧下降/减少 【佳句必背】　①(2023·全国乙卷) It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining. 最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在逐渐减少。 ②There has been a significant decline in the sales of physical books with the rise of e­books and digital reading platforms.(应用文之建议信) 随着电子书和数字阅读平台的兴起，纸质书的销量出现了大幅下降。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①She declined (participate) in the picnic organized by the Student Union, saying she was busy with her composition. ②The population of this small town has declined nearly 15% over the past decade as young people moved away to seek better job opportunities. ③The number of tourists visiting the ancient town declined 2，000 last month because of the bad weather. to participate by to 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④(应用文之道歉信)由于工作繁忙，我不得不谢绝你的生日聚会邀请，对此我深表歉意。 I sincerely apologize for having to ，as I am busy with my work. ⑤近来，学生在学习时间使用电子设备的时间逐渐在减少。 The time students spend on electronic devices during study hours lately. decline the invitation to your birthday party has been on the decline adapt to 适应，适合；改编 【教材原句】　Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? 也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？ 【用法归纳】 (1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应 adapt to sth./doing sth. 适应某物/做某事 adapt...to do sth. 调整…以做某事 (2)adapt...from 根据 ……改编 be adapted from 由 ……改编而来 (3)adaptation n．适应；改写；改编本 【佳句必背】　①You need to adapt to the new routine of school life, such as getting up early for classes and managing your time for study and rest.(应用文之建议信)你需要适应学校生活的新作息，比如早起上课，合理安排学习和休息时间。 ②The students need to adapt to speaking English in class to improve their language skills.(应用文之建议信)学生们需要适应在课堂上说英语，以提高他们的语言技能。 is adapted 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The old man found it challenging to adapt (he) to the fast­paced life in the big city after living in a small town for years. ②In the school library, you need to adapt to (read) books quietly and avoid disturbing others. ③The film Life of Pi is a remarkable (adapt) of the bestselling novel, bringing the vivid and adventurous story to the big screen. ④The movie The Lion King (adapt) from the classic Disney animated film of the same name. himself reading adaptation 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤老师对教学材料进行了改编，使其更容易让学生理解并运用以解决复杂的问题。 The teacher for the students to understand and use to solve complex problems. adapted the teaching materials to make them easier so...that...如此 ……以至于 …… 【教材原句】　 But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 【用法归纳】 ·so...that...句型的常见形式： eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋adj./adv.＋that...,so＋adj.＋a（n）＋n.（单数可数名词）＋that...,so＋many/few/much/little （少）＋n.＋that...)) ·such...that...句型的常见形式： eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(such＋a（n）＋adj.＋n.（单数可数名词）＋that...,such＋adj.＋n.（复数可数名词/不可数名词）＋,that...)) ·当“so＋形容词/副词”及“such...”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 【佳句必背】　The paintings displayed at this exhibition was so wonderful that you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese painting.＝This exhibition displays such wonderful paintings that you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese painting techniques.(应用文之活动报道)这个展览展出了非常精彩的画，能让你更好地了解中国传统绘画技术。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/句型转换 ①(应用文之感谢信)你对我如此友善且帮助很大，我都不知道该如何表达我的感激之情了。 You have been I don't know how to express my gratitude. ②那天天气非常好，以至于我们决定去公园野餐，在那里我们可以享受清新的空气和宁静的景色。 we decided to go for a picnic in the park, where we could enjoy the fresh air and the peaceful scenery. so kind and helpful to me that It was such a beautiful day that ③参加这次志愿活动的学生如此之多，以至于组织者不得不将他们分成几个小组。 There were the organizers had to divide them into several groups. ④The rain was so heavy that it was difficult for us to arrive there on time. → it was difficult for us to arrive there on time.(倒装句) so many students participating in the volunteer activity that So heavy was the rain that A 1．distant A．adj.遥远的，远处的　B．adj.远房的 C．adj.冷淡的　D．adj.心不在焉的 ①I called one of my friends and he sounded cold and distant on the phone. ②It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin. ③During the conversation, he had a distant look in his eyes, as if his mind was on something else entirely. ④The ship sailed towards the distant horizon, gradually disappearing from our sight as it became a small dot on the vast ocean. C B D 2．写出句中加黑单词的汉语意思 ①As the top seed in the tennis tournament, he has a strong chance of winning the championship. ②The automotive giant has announced plans to invest heavily in electric vehicle technology. ③The region has a characteristic climate with hot summers and mild winters, making it a popular tourist destination. 种子选手 大公司 特有的，独特的 Ⅰ.单词拼写 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 Ⅲ.完成句子 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.完形填空 seed sample Ⅰ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Littering in the school campus is a (耻辱) to the entire school, and we should all take responsibility to keep it clean. 2．It is said that his (祖先) was a renowned scholar, making great contributions to the field of literature. 3．A single (种子) planted in the fertile soil has the potential to grow into a magnificent tree. 4．The scientist carefully examined the (样本) under the microscope to identify its unique characteristics. disgrace ancestor adventure 5．The heated debate among the students (产生) many innovative ideas about how to solve the environmental problems on campus. 6．The recent survey results (揭示) a serious lack of communication between students and teachers. 7．Several small businesses (获益) a great deal from making unique handmade crafts that appeal to tourists. 8．Participating in a survival training program in the wild is an (冒险) that tests your physical strength and mental toughness. generated revealed profit evolution suspected suspicion predicted prediction Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The mountain peak, standing at a great from us, seemed like a mysterious giant covered in the clouds.(distant) 2．The technology rapidly in recent decades, and this has transformed every aspect of our daily lives.(evolve) 3．She that her friend was hiding something from her, and her growing made her feel uneasy about their friendship.(suspect) 4．The teacher that most of the students would perform well in the upcoming exam, and her turned out to be accurate.(predict) distant distance has evolved to 5．Our school regularly organizes (science) research projects for students, providing us with the opportunity to explore the world. 6．Scientists are constantly searching for signs of the (exist) of life on other planets through space exploration. 7．At lunchtime, the school cafeteria is crowded students eager to get their favorite meals. 8．My study habits are similar those of my elder sister, as we both prefer to review lessons in the evening and take detailed notes. scientific existence with Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．正是这些热情的教师激励并引导着学生，培养他们对学习的热爱。 inspire and guide the students, cultivating their love for learning. 2．天空变得越来越暗，风也开始刮起来，似乎暴风雨就要来了。 as the sky grew darker and the wind began to blow. It is the passionate teachers that It seemed that a storm was approaching 3．我总是想知道其他学生是如何如此出色地平衡学业和课外活动的。 I always wonder their studies and extracurricular activities so well. 4．直到我加入了学校的篮球队，我才意识到团队合作有多么重要！ I joined the school basketball club. 5．这位老师把那些难懂的概念解释得如此清晰，以至于班上的每个学生都能轻松理解。 The teacher explains the difficult concepts ． how other students manage to balance I didn't realize how important teamwork was until so clearly that every student in the class can understand them easily to study had spent how Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) The captain of the ship，the Beagle, wanted someone to profit by visiting 1 (distance) countries.Luckily, Darwin got the opportunity, 2 he was not the captain's first choice.Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, 3 (fascinate) by rocks, plants and animals.The journey gave him the chance 4 (study) various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin 5 (spend) some time in South America, his room was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.He began to consider the question 6 different species came to exist.He noticed that some species of animals distant although/though/but fascinated is regarded were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their 7 (change) environments? Darwin decided to find out the truth.In 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds 8 interested him the most.After much research，he came to the 9 (conclude) that new species evolved from earlier ancestors.Darwin explained this theory in his book ，On the Origin of Species, which 10 (regard) as one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever, and it all began with the journey on the Beagle. changing that conclusion Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·山东泰安高二上期中)Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo is one of the most popular zoos in China, and now due to its daily live streaming programs, the number of its followers has risen significantly. At the same time, more young people are joining the zoo as keepers, said Shen Zhijun, head of the zoo.Of the 140 keepers at the zoo, 40 percent of them were born after 1995, and 20 percent of the keepers were born after 2000. Jia Tianci, 28, takes care of about 20 wolves at the zoo, where he started work in 2020 after graduating from Nanjing Agricultural University with a bachelor' s degree in veterinary (兽医的) medicine.Born and raised in Nanjing, Jia dreamed of becoming a vet.His parents didn't understand his decision to become a keeper until they saw him take care of the wolves. “I feel content when the wolves are mentally and physically healthy.Although they obviously cannot speak like humans, I can tell from changes in their waste, such as its color and smell, whether they are healthy，” Jia said.In addition to acting as a keeper, Jia accompanies and chats with visitors to the zoo.“I remember my visit to a zoo during my childhood.I loved watching the monkeys and feeding them cookies. However, after becoming a keeper, I realized that this type of behavior was totally wrong，” Jia said.“People love interacting with animals, but the first thing we tell visitors is not to disturb them.Behaviors such as banging (猛敲) things, shouting at the animals and feeding them, are harmful.” In 2013, Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo started to employ young keepers who have master's degrees.Shen said that certain people considered the employment of graduates with such degrees to be a total waste of talent. “Taking care of wildlife, especially endangered species, is a highly demanding job that requires continuous study，” Shen said.“Working at a zoo also calls for a broad knowledge of subjects such as biology, zoology and environmentalism.” [语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。本文以南京红山森林公园为例，介绍了越来越多的年轻人加入动物园担任饲养员。 1．What has contributed to the popularity of Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo? A．Many animal lovers. B．Selling goods online. C．Daily live broadcast. D．Animal performances. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的描述：南京红山森林动物园是中国最受欢迎的动物园之一，现在由于每天都有直播节目，它的粉丝数量大幅增加。可知，南京红山森林动物园因其每日直播节目而受欢迎。故选C。 √ 2．Why did Jia Tianci's parents disagree with his career choice at the beginning? A．They thought the job would be too boring. B．They were unaware of the job's significance. C．They thought their son wouldn't make ends meet. D．They expected their son would work in a cleaner environment. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话的描述：他的父母一直不理解他成为饲养员的决定，直到他们看到他照顾狼群。 这说明贾天赐的父母最初不理解他成为饲养员的决定，直到看到他照顾狼才改变了看法。这表明他们最初对这份工作的意义并不了解。故选B。 √ 3．What kind of job is an animal keeper in Jia Tianci's opinion? A．It is smelly but highly­paid. B．It is vital and risky. C．It is demanding but fulfilling. D．It is eye­catching and satisfying. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I feel content when the wolves are mentally and physically healthy.”以及“In addition to acting as a keeper, Jia accompanies and chats with visitors to the zoo.”可知，动物看护工作要求保证动物的身心健康，同时还需要陪伴游客聊天，所以要求是高的，但Jia Tianci认为动物看护工作虽然要求高但却很有成就感。故选C。 √ 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Whoever likes animals is fit for the job. B．Taking care of wildlife calls for cooperation. C．Few young people are joining the zoo as keepers. D．Visitors should behave themselves when visiting zoos. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话的描述：人们喜欢与动物互动，但我们首先要告诉游客的是不要打扰它们。敲打东西、对动物大喊大叫和喂它们等行为都是不好的。可推断出，游客在参观动物园时应该自律，遵守行为规范。故选D。 √ B Using genes from coffee plants from around the world, researchers built a family tree for the world's most popular kind of coffee.Scientists call it Coffea arabica.Coffee lovers know it simply as “arabica”． The researchers recently published a new study about coffee.They found that the species appeared around 600，000 years ago.The plant was likely the result of natural breeding(繁殖) of two other coffee species and likely developed without the help of humans. Wild coffee plants likely started in Ethiopia.But they are thought to have been first roasted (炒) and brewed in Yemen starting in the 1400s.In the 1600s, Indian monk Baba Budan is said to have taken seven raw coffee beans back to his homeland from Yemen, laying the beginnings for coffee's worldwide takeover. Arabica coffee, loved for its smooth and sweet flavour, now makes up 60 to 70 percent of the global coffee market.The rest of the market is made up of robusta, a stronger and more bitter­tasting coffee made from one of arabica's parents, Coffea canephora. To learn about arabica coffee's past, researchers studied the genetic information and they also studied more than 30 different arabica plants.One of the plants was a sample from the 1700s provided by the Natural History Museum in London.The Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus used that plant to give coffee its scientific name.Researchers from Nestle, a big Swiss food company which owns several coffee brands, helped with the study. The arabica plant's population changed over thousands of years before humans began growing it.The arabica plants did well during warm, wet periods and suffered through dry ones.These difficult times created what scientists call “population bottlenecks”， when only a small number of genetically similar plants survived. Today, these genetic similarities mean arabica coffee plants are more likely to be hurt by diseases like coffee leaf rust (锈病), which causes costly losses every year.The researchers explored the makeup of one arabica variety that is resistant to coffee leaf rust.They are interested in parts of its genetic code that could help protect the plant. Exploring arabica's past and present could help give information about how to keep coffee plants healthy—ensuring morning cups of coffee into the future. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用来自世界各地的咖啡植物的基因，为世界上最受欢迎的一种咖啡建立了家谱。 5．When did people start creating coffee products probably? A．About 6，000，000 ago. B．In the 1400s. C．In the 1600s. D．In the 1700s. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话的描述：但人们认为，从15世纪开始，它们首先在也门被烘烤和酿造。可知，人们大概是在15世纪开始生产咖啡产品的。故选B。 √ 6．What can we learn about Coffea canephora from the text? A．It occupies the vast majority of the market share. B．It is more popular among coffee lovers. C．It has a certain connection with Coffea arabica. D．Scientists use it to give coffee its scientific name. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段第二句话的描述：市场的其余部分由罗布斯塔咖啡构成，这是一种味道更浓、更苦的咖啡，由阿拉比卡的上一代之一咖啡(Coffea canephora)制成。可推断出，Coffea canephora与阿拉比卡咖啡有一定的联系。故选C。 √ 7．Why have researchers established a family tree for Coffee arabica? A．To search for common genes. B．To explore the history of the coffee industry. C．To open up new coffee producing areas. D．To improve the disease resistance of coffee. 解析：选D。细节理解题。倒数第二段中的描述：如今，这些基因相似性意味着阿拉比卡咖啡树更容易受到像咖啡叶锈病这样的疾病的伤害，这种疾病每年都会造成巨额损失。以及最后一段：探究阿拉比卡咖啡的过去和现在有助于获取关于如何种植健康咖啡的信息 ……由此推断出研究人员要建立阿拉比卡咖啡的家谱是为了提高咖啡的抗病性，培育出健康的咖啡品种。故选D。 √ 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Genetic Changes in Coffee B．Researchers Study Coffee's Past C．Development of Various Types of Coffee D．The Situation Faced by the Coffee Industry 解析：选B。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了研究人员对阿拉比卡咖啡的研究，包括其历史、基因组成以及如何提高其抗病性等方面。其中，探索阿拉比卡咖啡的过去是文章的一个重要内容，因此选项B“研究人员研究咖啡的过去”最适合作为文章标题。其他选项A、C、D都只是涉及文章内容的某个方面，不够全面。故选B。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·四川威远中学检测)When it comes to my fathering lessons, few adventures compare to the motorcycle trips I've shared with my daughter, Ewa. Our first 1 ， in August 2017, was a winding (蜿蜒的) ride around the Catskills and Finger Lake districts of New York state.We 2 big highways and spent the week on 3 scenic back roads.At one point, I found myself 4 along a Catskills meadow not far from Woodstock, keeping pace with a deer and shouting, “Go Bambi, go！” On our second day, we 5 in a small town for ice cream.I asked the woman at the picnic table next to us: “What's the 6 of this town？” “Interlaken，” she answered.“Where are you trying to get to？”“We don't know，”I answered. It 7 to me then that I'd always wanted to do this no­schedule kind of trip, when you ride just for riding.Ask any middle­aged 8 ： We've all dreamed about doing the Easy Rider (逍遥骑士) thing, throwing our wristwatches into the ditch and heading toward the horizon without a 9 ．Now, travelling with no plan became a 10 of my rides with Ewa. Since we almost 11 knew where we were going, we were almost never 12 when we arrived, pulling 13 the road at the end of each day with satisfaction.The reason to celebrate? We 14 ！ The truth is that life on a motorbike is one close call (死里逃生) after another.On the way, riders must stay 15 100 percent of the time.A tiny stone can be deadly.I used to be nervous, but Ewa had a different take: “To me, motorcycling is like meditation(冥想).” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和女儿一起骑摩托车旅行的经历，他们没有具体的计划和目的地，只是随意地骑行，享受旅途中的美景和冒险。 √ 1．A．sail B．flight C．goal D．journey 2．A．avoided B．chose C．built D．promoted 解析：选A。根据前文“a winding (蜿蜒的) ride”和后文“spent the week on 3 scenic back roads”可知，作者和女儿避开了(avoid)高速公路，选择在弯曲、风景优美的小路上骑行。故选A。 解析：选D。根据下文 “a winding ride around the Catskills and Finger Lake districts of New York state” 可知，作者和女儿进行的是一次骑行之旅，所以这里指的是他们的第一次 “旅程”(journey)。故选D。 √ √ 3．A．straight B．twisty C．main D．broad 4．A．walking B．running C．riding D．laughing 解析：选B。前文提到 “a winding ride”，说明旅程路线蜿蜒曲折，所以这里应是在 “蜿蜒的”(twisty)风景优美的乡村小路上骑行。 故选B。 解析：选C。文章讲述的是摩托车骑行之旅，所以作者是 “骑行”(riding) 在卡茨基尔山的草地上。故选C。 √ √ 5．A．settled B．stopped C．landed D．moved 6．A．population B．rule C．name D．position 解析：选B。根据 “for ice cream” 可知，他们在一个小镇 “停下来”(stopped) 去买冰淇淋。故选B。 解析：选C。根据回答 “Interlaken” 可知，作者问的是这个小镇的 “名字”(name)。故选C。 √ √ 7．A．occurred B．happened C．mattered D．referred 8．A．engineer B．bicyclist C．chemist D．motorcyclist 解析：选A。“It occurred to sb.that...” 是固定句型，意为 “某人突然想到 ……”，这里表示作者突然想到自己一直想进行这种无计划的旅行。故选A。 解析：选D。文章讲述的是摩托车骑行，所以这里指的是任何中年 “摩托车骑手”(motorcyclist)。故选D。 √ √ 9．A．destination B．reaction C．exploration D．explanation 10．A．course B．benefit C．feature D．present 解析：选A。前文提到 “throwing our wristwatches into the ditch and heading toward the horizon without a．..”，结合无计划旅行的语境，这里指的是没有 “目的地”(destination)。故选A。 解析：选C。根据上文可知，无计划旅行成为了作者和 Ewa 骑行的一个 “特点”(feature)。故选C。 √ √ 11．A．never B．always C．completely D．absolutely 12．A．satisfied B．disappointed C．surprised D．frightened 解析：选A。前文提到他们进行无计划的旅行，所以几乎 “从不”(never) 知道要去哪里。故选A。 解析：选B。因为他们没有计划，不知道要去哪里，所以到达时几乎从不 “失望”(disappointed)。故选B。 √ √ 13．A．out B．in C．off D．down 14．A．grew B．failed C．waited D．survived 解析：选C。“pull off the road” 是固定短语，意为 “靠边停车”，这里指他们每天骑行结束时把车停靠路边，感到很满足。故选C。 解析：选D。后文提到 “life on a motorbike is one close call after another”，说明摩托车骑行很危险，所以这里庆祝的原因是他们 “活下来了”(survived)。故选D。 √ 15．A．silent B．smooth C．careful D．energetic 解析：选C。根据 “A tiny stone can be deadly.” 可知，骑行时路上一个小石子都可能致命，所以骑手必须时刻保持 “小心”(careful)。故选C。 √ $